SSC 6 MODULE 4
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Direction: search for the definition of the ff.
1. Global Governance - Global governance is a purposeful order that emerges from
institutions, processes, norms, formal agreements, and informal mechanisms that regulate
action for a common good.
2. International non-governmental organization - International nongovernmental
organizations (INGOs) are not-for-profit voluntary associations operating at the international,
transnational, or global level, with members or participants from many countries.
3. Transnational Corporation - A transnational, or multinational, corporation has its
headquarters in one country and operates wholly or partially owned subsidiaries in one or more
other countries, thus a huge company that does business in several countries.
4. International organization - An international organization is an organization established
by a treaty or other instrument governed by international law and possessing its own
international legal personality, such as the United Nations, the World Health Organization and
NATO.
5. Global security - Global security includes military and diplomatic measures that nations and
international organizations such as the United Nations and NATO take to ensure mutual safety
and security.
6. Global democracy - Global democracy is a field of academic study and political activism
concerned with making the global political system more democratic.
7. Diplomacy - The established method of influencing the decisions and behavior of foreign
governments and peoples through dialogue, negotiation, and other measures short of war or
violence.
8. NORMS - Rule or standard of behavior shared by members of a social group. . The norms
are the standards by reference to which behavior is judged and approved or disapproved.
9. GLOBAL STANDARDS - The Global Standard is a reference standard that civil society
organizations (CSOs) can adopt and implement to strengthen their accountability practices. The
process of designing things according to a set of agreed international standards.
10. BUREAUCRACY - A bureaucracy typically refers to an organization that is complex with
multilayered systems and processes. These systems and procedures are designed to maintain
uniformity and control within an organization.
GUIDING QUESTIONS
1. Why is global governance multi-faceted?
- Global governance is multi-faceted because it teaches how to deal with
all kind of government areas or types, like justice, security, economic decision, human
rights development and finance. It encompasses activity at the international,
transnational, and regional levels, and refers to activities in the public and private
sectors that transcend national boundaries. Thus, it includes harmonization of laws
among states, international regimes, global policy issue networks, and hybrid institutions
that combine functions of state agencies and private-sector organizations.
2. How do international organizations take on the “lives of their own?”
- Once the states establish an international organization (IO), they create an institution
with a life of its own. They already give the permission for that organization to operate,
decide and live on its own, like it was supposed to build and have its own life. They
were given an authority and play an international role. Hence, the states must be aware
of its risk and danger that once the International Organization faces a problem, they are
able to guard against it. Simply, International organizations often make their own
artificial lives to help enhance our world better.
3. What are the challenges faced by the United Nations in maintaining global security?
- The biggest challenge of the United Nations is related to issues of Security. Additionally,
it includes the Geopolitical aggression and intransigence: Conflicts are becoming
protracted by intense rivalries between global powers and regional powers as they
support proxies to wage war overseas. The practice of relabeling conflicts as counter-
terror struggles: This tendency leads to the neglect of the factors and actors driving
conflict and the erosion of space needed to build peace. We’ve seen this occur in high-
profile cases like Syria, but also in Egypt, Turkey and elsewhere. Legacies of military
intervention and regime change. Also, it includes threats from poverty, disease, and
environmental breakdown (the threats to human security identified in the Millennium
Development Goals), threats from conflict between states, threats from violence and
massive human rights violation in states, threats from terrorism, threats from organized
crime and threats from the proliferation of weapons.
POST ASSESSMENT: The United Nations Peacekeepers: Re-enacting their Roles,
Responsibilities, and Challenges
First, the thing we must do is to distinguish between two kinds of peacekeeping operations.
Does it require an unarmed observer or lightly armed military forces? These 2 can help how to
assess both situations of the country. We must also address the situation of those individuals
and communities most affected by the conflict, by assisting national political processes, conflict
resolution and stabilization. Prepare a contingency plan in case something bad would happen.
Importantly, this mission requires a careful planning and strategy to protect its people. Ensuring
that the government, population and the community understand the importance of
peacekeepers but also their limitations. We will get the consent of both countries, making sure
that both of them agreed to a truce. After assessing their condition, it’s time to implement the
measures that will make them at peace and reduce the possible conflict. By implementing the
peace agreements and a genuine commitment to a political process by the parties in working
towards peace. To help both countries to become more resilient to conflict, laying the
groundwork to sustain long-term peace, including by addressing root causes of conflicts. We
will provide basic security guarantee and responding to crises, guided by the principles of
consent, impartiality and the non-use of force except in self-defense and defense of the
mandate. Aside from these, we will work to prevent and mitigate the disruptions by supporting
communities and actors at the sub-national level with community dialogue, facilitating
mediation efforts and supporting localized peace agreements and reconciliation process. Lastly,
strengthening the rule of law by restoring and maintaining security, protecting civilians, paving
the way to peace building, reconstructing communities for sustainable peace, that both
countries’ commitment of freedom movement.
GENERALIZATION/SUMMARY
Generate your own generalization at least two:
1. International organizations such as the United Nations today play a very important role in
global governance: they develop policies, rules and regulations that seek to protect the rights of
minorities, children, and women and such. Thus, they maintain international peace and security
in international cooperation.
2. Global governance involves states and non-state actors, and it affects life from the local to
the global levels, thus it became multifaceted. It requires theoretical framework that goes
beyond a single paradigm. It does not only focus on the security of a country but also in justice,
economic and such, hence, it operates in a different levels and ways.
3. International Organizations facilitate the comparability of approaches and practices. Providing
its country member an international legal and policy instruments helping them to identify and
adapt to the emerging regulatory areas, therefore contributing a development in their country.
