Journal of Primary Education

8 (3) (2019) : 315 – 322

[Link]

Impact of Youtube Kids Impressions on Early Childhood Prosocial Behavior

Sinta Kurnia Dewi1 , Sri Maryati Deliana2 & Haryadi3

1
Kindergarten Kemala Bhayangkari 34 Kendal, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
2
Psychology, Universitas Negeri Semarang
3
Indonesian Language Education, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Article Info Abstract

________________ ___________________________________________________________________
History Articles The purpose of this study are (1) to analyze the influence of social media on early
Received:
childhood prosocial behavior, (2) to investigate the influence of the number of
November 2018
Accepted: Youtube kids social media display frequency on early childhood prosocial
Desember 2018 behavior, (3) to know the effect of the duration of Youtube kids social media
Published: shows on early childhood prosocial behavior, and (4) to analyze the influence of
December 2019
attention on Youtube kids social media shows that are watched on early
________________
childhood prosocial behavior. The research method uses a quantitative approach
Keywords:
impressions, with non-experimental design and the data analyzed is as ex post facto
prosocial behavior, dependent variable. The study population were 60 parents of students. The
social media sampling technique in this study uses total sampling techniques or census
____________________
techniques so that the number of samples were 60 parents. Data analysis used
DOI regression analysis. Based on the results of the study, the youtube kids give a
[Link] positive impact on childhood prosocial behavior. The positive impact of youtube
/jpe.v8i3.27730 kids, in frequency, duration and attention aspect is discussed.

© 2019 Universitas Negeri Semarang


Correspondence address: p-ISSN 2252-6404
Pemuda No.2, Kersan, Kebondalem, Kendal, Jawa Tengah, 51318
e-ISSN 2502-4515
E-mail: sintakurrniadewi@[Link]

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Journal of Primary Education 8 (3) (2019) : 315 – 322

INTRODUCTION influenced by the intensity of watching media

shows.
Social development experienced by early Social behavior in the community can be
childhood needs to train abilities that are in influenced by the effects of media shows, in this
accordance with the social demands of instilling case, youtube kids social media, the media can
social values from an early age. Putri (2013) influence social behavior depending on the
mentions that social adjustment is one of the intensity of a person in watching the media.
aspects of self-adjustment that must be possessed Asmaya & Rumyeni (2015) said that the intensity
by someone. This adjustment is very important to of Facebook social media shows an effect on
be instilled early so that in future growth the prosocial behavior. The most sought-after
social adjustment of the child will become Facebook content is the content of videos linked
mature. to YouTube channels, on video shows that lead
The social adjustment will foster prosocial to youtube, many viewers comment on a topic,
attitudes especially in early childhood, where like and share.
prosocial attitudes can be introduced by parents The impact of social media shows has two
since parents are the main educator for children impacts: positive and negative impacts. The
at home. Permatasari (2013) revealed that impact of social media shows has a positive and
prosocial attitudes displayed in human lives negative impact on children's development a
developed from an early age can be introduced by positive impact on children's mindsets, namely
parents at home as the main educators for helping children to regulate their speed of play,
children, with existing social adjustments that cultivating strategies in the game, and helping to
will foster a prosocial attitude. improve the ability of the child's right brain.
The prosocial attitude of early childhood While the negative impact of social media is that
can be done by early childhood such as helping it can reduce the active power of children and the
others without expecting rewards. Lestari, ability of children to interact with others, thus
Rachman & Shahroza (2014) revealed that giving rise to individualist attitudes (Khairuni,
symptoms that appear in prosocial behavior can 2016)
occur such as helping others and not thinking The phenomenon of prosocial behavior
about themselves, in daily life prosocial behavior has an important role in the lives of children.
that can be done by early childhood, for example Children can learn behavior that can be accepted
when a child tries to set aside money in a by their environment, play roles in groups, and
donation box for visit a friend who is sick and do can adapt to their environment. The effects of
charitable activities. media exposure depend on the content of the
Prosocial behavior can be influenced by media. It was explained that media with anti-
the intensity of watching media shows, where the social content can enhance anti-social behavior
more often a person in watching shows that and reduce prosocial behavior, while media
contain things that lead to the prosocial attitude containing prosocial is assumed to increase
the better the impact on someone's prosocial prosocial and reduce anti-social (Nuswantari &
attitude. Mandey, Koagouw, & Senduk (2015), Astuti, 2015)
Frisnawati (2012) and Greitemeyer (2015) The effects of social media shows in
revealed the frequency of watching media shows addition to giving effect to the progress and
can influence prosocial attitudes which include development of society, also have a role in
sympathetic, comparative aspects, providing shaping attitudes, behavior and conditions of
assistance and assistance, giving donations, society, such as the spread of global culture that
willingness to sacrifice, love to save others, and causes people to change from traditional to
volunteering in doing humanitarian activities. modern, from modern to modern post and
Different results expressed by Cahyaningroom religious to secular and occurring imitation
(2015), namely prosocial behavior which is not behavior that sometimes leads to imitating the

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Journal of Primary Education 8 (3) (2019) : 315 – 322

bad things from what is seen and witnessed Narrative of parents from seven parents
through the media (Rizal, 2016). stated that the impact of children's preoccupation
Impressions can affect a person's behavior with watching youtube kids is that children are
when someone is centered on attention and reluctant to play with their peers, so children tend
observation that is often by the model so that it to spend time at home watching youtube kids
will allow a model behavior to be imitated by the social media shows. Under these circumstances,
audience in real life. Cahyaningroom (2015) also children's social development becomes limited to
revealed that the shows presented on television the home environment and the development of
would facilitate understanding or absorption of anti-social behavior in early childhood. Six
information, viewers would learn through parents stated that they were worried if the child
observation or observation of behavior displayed played outdoors with their friends. As for when
by the actors as models, continuous observation children spend time with their friends there is a
in media shows so that it would strengthen an tendency for children to be selfish and want to be
action or attitude the model on the show will be cared for by their environment and will be
imitated by the audience. reluctant to cooperate with others. Preliminary
The content of the show will have an effect data obtained from interviews there is a need for
on someone is behaving. If the content shows that research that describes and analyzes the influence
contain proactive shows, the person's behavior of youtube kids social media shows on prosocial
will tend prosocially. Things are different if the behavior of early childhood at TK Kemala
content of the media shows that are watched is in Bhayangkari 34 Kendal.
the form of anti-social programs so that people
will tend to behave antisocially (Prot, Gentile, METHODS
Anderson, Suzuki, Swing, Lim, Horiuchi, Jelic,
Krahe, Liuqing, Liau, Khoo, Petrescu, The study uses a quantitative approach,
Sakamoto, Tajima, Toma, Warburton, Zhang & according to Creswell (2012), quantitative
Lam, 2014). research requires researchers to explain how
Based on the facts described and the variables affect other variables. In accordance
preliminary studies conducted to 12 parents of with the explanation above, the design model of
TK Kemala Bhayangkari 34 Kendal from this study places social media shows as
interview session, 8 parents stated that in current independent variables and prosocial behavior.
trends, children spend a lot of time by watching Research conducted after differences in the
youtube kids shows rather than watching independent variable occurs because the
television shows and watching children's films on development of natural events is called ex post
DVD. For some parents, the most important facto research. Creswell (2012) states that the ex
thing is that their children are comfortable and post facto study can examine the relationship of
safe at home to sit and be quiet. two independent variables or more at the same
Five parents said that children are more time to determine the effect of the independent
fun watching youtube kids in one day 4 to 6 times variable on the dependent variable. This research
in a duration of approximately 30 minutes each uses a quantitative approach with a correlational
time watching youtube kids shows rather than method, and the data analyzed is as ex post facto
having to play with their peers, so that in the end dependent variable.
children become foreigners when they meet their Population in this study were parents of
age children when leaving home or when starting Kemala Bhayangkari 34 Kendal kindergarten
school. For example, children will be reluctant to students, amounting to 60 parents. The sampling
share with others because children rarely meet technique in this study used total sampling
other people outside their families even if only techniques or census techniques. Sugiyono (2012)
with peers around the house. mentions that census techniques are sampling
techniques by taking the entire population into a

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Journal of Primary Education 8 (3) (2019) : 315 – 322

research sample. This study uses census sampling Inferential statistical analysis includes classical
technique because the population is less than 100 assumption test and hypothesis testing. Classic
samples. Arikunto (2010) states that if the number assumption tests include normality test with
of subject members in the population is less than Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S), multicollinearity
100 samples and in the data collection researchers test by looking at tolerance values and Variable
use questionnaires, the subject of the number Inflation Factor and heteroscedasticity test.
should be taken entirely so that it can be said to
be census research. So the number of samples RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
were 60 respondents.
Research variable consists of one Results of test the influence independent
independent variable is social media Youtube variables on the dependent using t-test. The basis
Kids and one dependent variable is prosocial of decision making in this study is if the
behavior. Social media shows are the amount of probability is < 0.05, it can be concluded that
time a person spends watching social media there is a significant influence between the
shows in the form of videos. Social media dependent variable and the independent variable,
impressions are measured using three indicators and vice versa if the probability is > 0.05, it can
including the duration, frequency, and appeal of be concluded that there is no influence between
video content. Social media shows in this study the dependent variable and the variable
have indicators: (a) Frequency: frequency in independent.
watching social media shows, (b) Duration:
duration of the audience watching social media The result of Effect Youtube kids' Social Media
shows, (c) Attention: youtube kids social media Display Frequency on Prosocial Behavior
shows attract attention because their presentation To test whether the independent variables
is entertaining and contains information significantly influence the dependent variable
Prosocial behavior is the behavior of with α = 0.05 and also the acceptance or rejection
helping others by alleviating the physical or of the hypothesis. The t-test results obtained, it
psychological burden of the person, paying can be analyzed the frequency variable of social
attention to the welfare of others without thinking media impressions on prosocial has a count of
of their own interests, and contributing to it with 3.934 and a significance value of 0.000. With sig
energy and mind. Social behavior is measured value. smaller than α = 0.05 and t count value of
using five indicators, namely sharing, helping, 3.934 greater than ttable (df = 60) which is 2.000,
cooperating, and acting honestly. Prosocial hence the hypothesis that youtube kids social
behavior has the following indicators: media shows a positive effect on proven prosocial
(a) Sharing, namely the willingness to share with behavior, so the frequency of students in viewing
others, (b) Helping, namely the willingness to shows YouTube kids social media is high will
provide assistance or help to others who are have an impact on increasing prosocial behavior.
experiencing difficulties both in the form of moral The average frequency of students in seeing
and material, (c) Collaboration, which is the youtube kids social media shows is between 6 and
willingness to work with other people to achieve 7 times a week.
a goal, (d) Acting honestly, namely the Prosocial behavior is a beneficial action for
willingness to do things as they are, not cheating others, but it does not have a real impact on the
on others (Baron & Byrne, 2011). benefits of those who carry out the action.
The data analysis technique used is Prosocial behavior can sometimes involve risk on
descriptive statistical analysis techniques and the part of the person who provides assistance.
inferential statistical analysis techniques. Other terms, such as helping behavior, good
Descriptive statistical analysis is done by finding deeds, and volunteerism are also used to describe
the mean, maximum, minimum and standard good things that people do to provide needed
deviation values of the research variables. assistance to others (Puspita & Hartati, 2016).

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Journal of Primary Education 8 (3) (2019) : 315 – 322

Prosocial behavior can be influenced by show to consume the information that was spread
the intensity or frequency of someone in seeing on youtube kids shows, the message delivered
the show. As revealed by Asmaya & Rumyeni was quite interesting to see.
(2015) the intensity of Facebook social media Duration of seeing social media shows will
shows an influence on prosocial behavior, where affect someone in prosocial action, this is because
the most sought-after Facebook content is the the content of youtube kids shows seen by
content of videos linked to youtube kids channels, students is entertaining and full of moral
on video shows that lead to youtube kids, many messages, so that for a long duration someone
viewers comment on a topic through youtube who sees will feel a model doing behavior helps
kids shows, as well as advertisements that aired and can encourage someone to give help to others
on youtube kids, now many include the youtube (Rini & Sugiharto, 2017).
kids social media account link as one of the Duration of impressions can affect the
means to give and obtain information about the prosocial behavior of Frisnawati (2012) the
shows that are marketed. duration of impressions will be reflected in
The fact makes the more frequency a children's development, which helps to
person watch social media shows, the more it can understand what life is in the shows seen and will
affect a person's behavior. As with the research facilitate understanding or absorption of
conducted by Greitemeyer (2015), the frequency information. As a model, continuous observation
of watching media shows can influence prosocial in media shows so that it will strengthen the
attitudes which include sympathetic, actions and attitudes of the model on the show
comparative aspects, providing assistance and will be emulated by the audience.
assistance, giving donations, willingness to
sacrifice, love to save others, and volunteering in The result of Effect Youtube kids' Social Media
carrying out humanitarian activities. Attention on Prosocial Behavior
Results of influence attention variables on
The Result of Effect Youtube kids' Social Media social media impressions on prosocial behavior
Duration on Prosocial Behavior have a count of 11.036 and a significance value of
Results of the influence of variable 0.000. With sig value. smaller than α = 0.05 and
duration of social media impressions on prosocial the calculated tvalue at 11.036 is greater than ttable
behavior have a count of 9.446 and a significance (df = 60) which is 2.000, hence the hypothesis
value of 0.000. With sig value. smaller than that attention to youtube kids social media shows
α = 0.05 and the calculated tvalue of 9.446 is greater a positive effect on proven prosocial behavior.
than t table (df = 60) which is 2.000, hence the Results showed that attention to social
hypothesis that the duration of youtube kids media shows had an influence on prosocial
social media shows a positive effect on proven behavior. Attention in research is measured by
prosocial. attention to a show, interest, ease in
Duration of youtube kids social media understanding the contents of the message in a
shows influences prosocial behavior in the form show, trust in the content, and attraction in the
of helping behavior, sharing, cooperating, and show. Attention is a mental process when stimuli
acting honestly. The results showed that the or a series of stimuli become prominent in the
duration of a person in seeing youtube kids social event when other stimuli weaken. Attention
media shows that it will affect prosocial behavior indicators in this study are measured by external
in the form of helping, sharing, cooperating, and factors that attract attention and internal factors
acting honestly. of attention.
Duration is how long the audience watches Message content can be understood well
the show in one run. How many hours, how because social media shows that are seen by
many minutes or how many seconds in a single students in the form of entertainment and
youtube kids video show. Someone noticed the educational shows. So that viewers easily digest

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Journal of Primary Education 8 (3) (2019) : 315 – 322

the message. Dayakisni & Hudaniah (2006) broadcasts will influence prosocial behavior, as
mention that one of the factors underlying a Van (2016) mentioned where aspects of prosocial
person to act prosocially is Empathy, which is a will be influenced by the intensity of the child in
person's ability to share feelings or experiences of seeing a show. The intensity of impressions
others. It is the same as someone when looking at consisted of the duration of the child seeing the
social media shows, where he feels what is seen impressions and frequency of the child in a day
in the show so that he will have the same feelings watching the show.
as seen on social media shows. Results study influence of social media
Attention to social media shows because of shows on social behavior of Mandey, Koagouw
the existence of situational factors that can & Senduk (2015), Frisnawati (2012) and
influence prosocial behavior. The existence of a Greitemeyer (2015) where social media shows in
model that does behavior helps can encourage the form of duration, intensity and attention will
someone to give help to others (Rini & Sugiharto, affect a person's behavior in prosocial actions in
2017). the form of sharing that is willing to share items
Mandey, Koagouw & Senduk (2015) with other people. Helping which is the
revealed that social media shows an effect on willingness to provide assistance or help to others
prosocial behavior, shows on videos chosen by who are experiencing difficulties both in the form
children will be able to influence children's of moral and material. The collaboration which is
behavior, children will be motivated to behave the willingness to cooperate with others to
prosocially if the content being watched contains achieve a goal. Acting honestly, which is the
things that are related to prosocial aspects while willingness to do things as they are, not cheating
if the video content is things that are far from on others.
prosocial aspects, children will tend to be far from
prosocial attitudes. CONCLUSION

Effect Youtube kids' Social Media Impressions Based on the analysis and discussion
on Prosocial Behavior carried out on the influence of Youtube kids
Results influence of social media display social media shows on prosocial behavior, it can
variables on prosocial behavior have a count of be concluded that there are positive and
30.683 and a significance value of 0.000. Since significant influences of youtube kids social
the sig value smaller than α = 0.05 and the media shows on early childhood prosocial
calculated tvalue of 30.683 is greater than ttable behavior, there is a positive and significant
(df = 60) which is 2.000, so the hypothesis that influence on youtube kids social frequency on age
youtube social media shows a positive effect on prosocial behavior early, there is a positive and
proven prosocial behavior. The results of the significant influence on youtube kids 'social
study show that social media shows influence media duration on early childhood prosocial
social behavior. Novita, Sugiharto & Anni (2017) behavior and a positive and significant influence
mentions that social media shows consist of the on youtube kids' social media attention to early
duration of viewing social media shows, childhood prosocial behavior.
frequency in viewing social media shows, and Results of the discussion analysis and some
attention in obtaining benefits gained from using conclusions and limitations in this study, the
social media and content that is listened to in suggestions that can be given through the results
social media can influence a person's behavior in of this study in order to get better results, namely
behaving. for parents is recommended for parents to assist
These social media shows will have an and supervise their children in seeing social
impact on prosocial behavior which consists of media shows. the content of the shows seen by
aspects of sharing, helping, cooperation and the child should be educational, entertainment,
acting honestly. High-intensity social media and provide explanations in every show seen by

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Journal of Primary Education 8 (3) (2019) : 315 – 322

the child. For educational practitioners, it is Exposure Affect Helping and Aggression.
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963721411415229
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