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Chapter - 2 Microorganisms (Continuation)

Vaccines work by introducing killed or weakened disease-causing microbes into the healthy body. This causes the body to produce antibodies against these microbes. Those antibodies remain in the body and protect against future infections from the same microbe. Some communicable diseases that affect humans, animals and plants include malaria, chickenpox, and tuberculosis in humans transmitted via mosquitoes, contact, and air respectively. In animals, diseases like foot and mouth disease and anthrax are transmitted via contact with diseased animals and air, while in plants, diseases such as citrus canker, rust of wheat, and apple scab are transmitted via air. Food preservation methods like dehydration, refrigeration/free

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367 views2 pages

Chapter - 2 Microorganisms (Continuation)

Vaccines work by introducing killed or weakened disease-causing microbes into the healthy body. This causes the body to produce antibodies against these microbes. Those antibodies remain in the body and protect against future infections from the same microbe. Some communicable diseases that affect humans, animals and plants include malaria, chickenpox, and tuberculosis in humans transmitted via mosquitoes, contact, and air respectively. In animals, diseases like foot and mouth disease and anthrax are transmitted via contact with diseased animals and air, while in plants, diseases such as citrus canker, rust of wheat, and apple scab are transmitted via air. Food preservation methods like dehydration, refrigeration/free

Uploaded by

ARSHAD JAMIL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Communicable Diseases
  • Microorganisms - Uses and Vaccines
  • Food Safety and Preservation

CLASS VIII -- BIOLOGY

Chapter -2 Microorganisms ( Continuation )

5. Write any five commercial uses of microorganisms.


a. Making of curd and cheese
b. Making alcoholic beverages
c. Making bread
d. Making vinegar, tobacco and coffee
e. Making toothpaste

6. What are vaccines? How does a vaccine work?

Vaccine is a preparation of killed or weakened disease causing microbes. When vaccines are
introduced into the body of a healthy person, the body produces antibodies against these
killed or weakened microbes. These antibodies remain in the body and protect us from
future infections by the same microbe.

7. Name any three communicable diseases of humans, animals and plants. Write the
causative pathogen and their mode of transmission.

Communicable Diseases Causative Organism Mode of Transmission

In Human beings

Malaria Protozoa Bite of Female anopheles mosquito

Chickenpox Virus Air/Contact

Tuberculosis Bacteria Air

In Animals

Foot and mouth disease Virus Contact with diseased animals, air

Anthrax Bacterium Grazing

Rinderpest
Bacterium Contact with diseased animals, air
In Plants
Citrus canker Bacterium Air

Rust of wheat Fungus Air

Apple scab Fungus Air

8. List any four things that help us to detect that the food is unfit for consumption.

The four things that help us to detect that the food is unfit for consumption are
a. Foul odour
b. Surface discolouration
c. Sour taste
d. Gas formation

9. Write the principle based on the following food preservation method and give two
examples for each.
a. Dehydration – It involves the removal of water from the food items, as water is one of the
key requirement for microbial growth.
Eg. Cereals, pulses.

b. Refrigeration and freezing – By refrigerating at low temperature and freezing help to

preserve food for a longer time as the microbes cannot thrive and reproduce under low

temperature.

Eg. Fresh fruits and vegetables, meat and vegetables by freezing.

c. Canning – Storing food items in air tight cans is an effective way of preserving food items.

Eg. Jams, fish.

d. Boiling – Boiling liquid food items can kill any existing microbes.

Eg. Milk, water.

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