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Science 8-Digestive System

The digestive system comprises organs that work together to break down food into nutrients. Food is ingested, digested in the digestive tract which begins at the mouth and ends at the anus, and nutrients are absorbed. The digestive tract includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum. Accessory organs like the pancreas and liver help break down food and regulate digestion.

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Angelica Camilon
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413 views18 pages

Science 8-Digestive System

The digestive system comprises organs that work together to break down food into nutrients. Food is ingested, digested in the digestive tract which begins at the mouth and ends at the anus, and nutrients are absorbed. The digestive tract includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum. Accessory organs like the pancreas and liver help break down food and regulate digestion.

Uploaded by

Angelica Camilon
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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  • Introduction to the Digestive System: Provides an overview of the digestive system, explaining its role in converting food into energy and nutrients.
  • Functions of the Digestive System: Describes the functions of the digestive system including energy supply, tissue building, and process regulation.
  • Digestive System Components: Outlines the main functions, including food intake, absorption of nutrients, and waste elimination.
  • Digestive Tract: Explains the components of the digestive tract and its role in food passage from mouth to anus.
  • Accessory Organs: Lists organs aiding digestion including liver, gall bladder, pancreas, and their enzymes.
  • Mouth to Stomach: Details the initial stages of digestion through the mouth, pharynx, and stomach, emphasizing mechanical and chemical processes.
  • Intestinal System: Focuses on core digestive functions in the small and large intestine, nutrient absorption, and waste processing.
  • Accessory Organs: Liver and Pancreas: Details roles of liver and pancreas including digestion support via enzyme production and bile secretion.

THE DIGESTIVE S Y S T E M

• It comprises a group of organs


that work together in conver ting
food into energy and other basic
nutrients to power the body
• The food we take in is digested
and utilized by our body, and the
unused par ts of the food are
defecated
Important uses of food in the body:
• Food supplies energy
• Food builds body tissues
• Food regulates body processes
FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGES TIVE S Y S T E M

• Intake and digestion of food


• Absorption of nutrients from
digested food
• Elimination of indigestible
substances and certain
wastes products
Digestive system consist of:
• Digestive tract
• Accessory organs
DIGESTIVE TRACT
• The long tube through which
the food that we eat is
passed
• It begins at the mouth,
passes through the pharynx,
esophagus, stomach, small
intestines, large intestines,
rectum and finally ends at
the anus
ACCESSORY ORGANS
• Organs which participate in
the digestion process but
are not actually a part of
digestive tract
• They stimulate the digestion
by releasing certain enzymes
that help in breaking down
the food
MOUTH
• There are many other organs that
contribute to the digestion process,
including teeth, salivary glands, and
tongue
• Teeth are designed for grinding food
particles into small pieces and are
moistened with saliva before the
tongue pushes the food into the
pharynx
PHARYNX
• A fibromuscular y-shaped
tube attached to the
terminal end of the mouth Nasopharynx

• It is mainly involved in the Oropharynx

passage of Laryngopharynx

chewed/crushed food from


the mouth through the
esophagus
ESOPHAGUS
• This is a muscular tube that
connects the pharynx, which
is a part of an upper section
of the gastrointestinal tract

• It supplies swallowed food


along with its length
STOMACH
• It serves as a muscular bag which is
situated towards the left side of the
abdominal cavity

• This vital organ acts as a storage for


the food and provides enough time to
digest meals
• The stomach also produces digestive
enzymes and hydrochloric acid that
maintains the process of digestion.
Mucous
• It functions by protecting the stomach lining and gastric pits from the
acid, which is produced by the glands to destroy the bacteria that
entered along with the food particles.

Digestive enzymes
• Group of enzymes which functions by breaking down macromolecules
into their smaller and simpler substances

Hydrochloric acid
• It is the digestive fluid formed by the stomach during the process of
digestion
• It functions by destroying harmful microorganisms present in the food
particles
SMALL INTESTINE
• Carries out most of the digestive
process, absorbing almost all of
the nutrients you get from foods
into your bloodstream.
LARGE INTESTINE
• It absorbs water and consists of
bacteria (symbiotic) that support the
breakdown of wastes to fetch small
nutrients
RECTUM
• Waste products are passed into the end
of the large intestine called the rectum
and eliminated out of the body as a
solid matter called stool

• It acts as temporary storage facility of


feces
Accessory Organs: PANCREAS
• During digestion, your
pancreas makes pancreatic
juices called enzymes.

• These enzymes break down


sugars, fats, and starches.
Your pancreas also helps your
digestive system by making
hormones.
Accessory Organs: LIVER
• Your liver makes a digestive
juice called bile that helps
digest fats and some
vitamins
• Bile ducts carry bile from
your liver to your gallbladder
for storage, or to the small
intestine for use

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