PART-I

Question 1:
CASE STUDY: AIRTEL - TIGO

Launched in November 2017, from a merger between Airtel and Tigo, AirtelTigo is the second-
largest Mobile Network Operator in Ghana. With its core vision “A better life for our
customers”, AirtelTigo transforms lives through sustainable corporate social investment
initiatives. Our aim is to help build a more sustainable future by delivering innovative products
and services that enable positive economic, social and environmental outcomes for our
customers and stakeholders. AirtelTigo is committed to using technology as a key driver to
economic growth in Ghana and Africa and is investing across different sectors of the economy of
Ghana. There have been significant investments to expand and strengthen our networks,
deploying fiber optic cable, mobile capability, and international connectivity. With a subscriber
base of 10 million, AirtelTigo is a solid, dynamic and innovative brand, providing a wide range
of telecommunications services, including mobile voice, data mobile financial services and
business connectivity solutions. They currently have 400 retail outlets across the country, 2000
network footprints. They head office and two core offices hosting all their systems network
caught fire. With your expertise, you have been consulted to configure their main router to
enable the Head office and the two backup offices to communicate on one network.

With the aid of the network diagram explain how the network setup of Airtel-Tigo.

Answer:

Section no 1:

1. Network Setup:-
2. Network Setup:-
● Go to Settings on your mobile.
● Go to more networks or connections.
● Select mobile networks.
● Select network operators and click ok/search networks Select Tigo if you are an Airtel
subscriber.

Section no 2:

Indicate the interfaces you would be working with and the router.

Answer:

Routers using distance vector routing protocols will share routing information with other routers
on the network. Distance vector routing protocols transmit their entire routing tables to all their
directly connected neighbors. They are considered somewhat inefficient because these updates
are periodically sent regardless of the network state, whether there are updates to the network
topology or not.

Section no 3:

Write configuration commands for the router starting from your first chosen interface.

Answer:

Configuration commands steps:-

● configure terminal
 Example: - Router <enable> Router# configure terminal

● hostname name example

● enable secret password

● no ip domain-lookup
Example: - Router (config) # no ip domain-lookup

● exit mode
Example: - Router (config-if) # exit

PART-II
Question 3:

Section no 1:

Discuss Group Policy Object (GPO)?

Answer:

Microsoft’s Group Policy Object (GPO) is a collection of Group Policy settings that defines what
a system will look like and how it will behave for a defined group of users.

Microsoft provides a program snap-in that allows you to use the Group Policy Management
Console (GPMC). The selections result in a Group Policy Object. The GPO is associated with
selected Active Directory containers, such as sites, domains or organizational units (OU). The
GPMC allows you to create a GPO that defines registry-based polices, security options, software
installation and maintenance options, scripts options and folder redirection options.

Types of GPOs

There are three types of GPOs: local, non-local and starter.

● Local Group Policy Objects. A local Group Policy Object refers to the collection of group
policy settings that only apply to the local computer and to the users who log on to that
computer. Local GPOs are used when policy settings need to apply to a single Windows
computer or user. Local GPOs exist by default on all Windows computers
.
● Non-local Group Policy Objects. A non-local group policy objects used when policy settings
have to apply to one or more Windows computers or users. Non-local GPOs apply to
 Windows computers or users once they’re linked to Active Directory objects, such as sites,
domains or organizational units.

● Starter Group Policy Objects. Introduced in Windows Server 2008, starter GPOs are
templates for Group Policy settings. These objects enable an administrator to create and have
a pre-configured group of settings that represent a baseline for any future policy to be
created.

Example of a GPO:

One of the great things that can be done with GPOs is the conforming of systems to a corporate
standard. A good example of this is using a GPO to enforce logging settings on all systems of a
particular type. Servers might get one set of settings, domain controllers another, and clients yet
another.

Section no 2:

Discuss the relevance of systems administration in an organization.

Answer:

The system administrator is responsible for following things: User administration (setup and
maintaining account) ... Update system as soon as new version of OS and application software
comes out. Implement the policies for the use of the computer system and network.

The system administrator seeks to ensure that the uptime, performance, resources, and security of
the computers they manage meet the needs of the users, without exceeding a set budget when
doing so.

Section no 3:

Discuss five principles of systems administration by Mark Burgess.

Answer:

'Mark Burgess' new book brings an analytical, scientific approach to bear on the ... Principles of
Network and System Administration, he takes the first step from ... those who speak of network
management and discuss its problems in terms of soft- ... A theory of systems must therefore
take into account policy as a basic axiom.

'Mark Burgess' new book brings an analytical, scientific approach to bear on the ... Principles of
Network and System Administration.

Section no 4:
List any six (6) different version of windows server and discuss how any of the windows server
listed can be installed and configured for 10 users in an organization?

Answer:

Windows NT Servers:

● Windows NT 3.1. The original release of the Windows NT server was not version 1.
● Windows NT 3.5. The next version, Windows NT Server 3.5, was released in 1994.
● Windows NT 3.51.
● Windows NT 4.0.
● Windows Server 2000.
● Windows Server 2003.
● Windows Server 2003 R2.
● Windows Server 2008.

Windows Server is a brand name for a group of server operating systems released by Microsoft
since 2003. ... However, the first server edition of Windows was Windows NT 3.1 Advanced
Server, followed by Windows NT 3.5 Server, Windows NT 3.51 Server, Windows NT 4.0
Server, and Windows 2000 Server.

Question 4:

Section no 1:

Discuss five duties of the Sysadmin.

Answer:

Sysadmin role & Responsibilities:

● User administration. ...

Section no 2:

What Is Active Directory?

Answer:
Active directory:

Active Directory (AD) is a database and set of services that connect users with the network
resources they need to get their work done. The database (or directory) contains critical
information about your environment, including what users and computers there are and who's
allowed to do what.

Why is Active Directory so important? Active Directory helps you organize your company's
users, computer and more. Your IT admin uses AD to organize your company's complete
hierarchy from which computers belong on which network, to what your profile picture looks
like or which users have access to the storage room.

Section no 3:

Discuss Evard's 5 states of machines.

Answer:

Edward states of machines:

Based on the current state and a given input the machine performs state transitions ... to explain
the differences between Mealy and Moore machines as well as Harel ... One of those is called
Moore machine , named after its inventor Edward .

5 steps Edward states of machines:

● Biography;
● Scientific work;
● Publications;
● See also;
● References ... Namespaces. Article · Talk

Section no 4:

Why do you think backups are important in systems administration and how can this be
achieved?

Answer:
The importance of backup. Backup software offers protection for business data by copying data
from servers, databases, desktops, laptops, and other devices in case of user error, corrupt files,
or a physical disaster that renders critical data inaccessible.

The main reason for data backup is to save important files if a system crash or hard drive failure
occurs. There should be additional data backups if the original backups result in data corruption
or hard drive failure. ... Additional backups are necessary if natural or man-made disasters occur.

Backups are important for maintaining continuity and guarding against certain classes of
hardware failures, service disruption, and user errors.

The purpose of the backup is to create a copy of data that can be recovered in the event of a
primary data failure. Primary data failures can be the result of hardware or software failure, data
corruption, or a human-caused event, such as a malicious attack (virus or malware), or accidental
deletion of data.