New TX font package

Michael Sharpe

March 27, 2021

1 Introduction
This package is meant to be a replacement for Young Ryu’s txfonts. It is a complete text (newtxtext) and
math (newtxmath) package with roman text font provided by a Times clone, sans serif based on a Helvetica
clone, typewriter faces, plus math symbol fonts whose math italic letters are from a Times Italic clone. As
of version 1.4, newtxtext no longer depends on txfonts but is based on the richer source TeXGyre Termes,
but newtxmath continues to use the txfonts math glyphs with many metric adjustments and some wholesale
modifications.
Very Important: The math package changed substantially as of version 1.5, changing a number of glyphs,
adding an option to reduce the sizes of large operators, and changing the integral signs to a choice of upright
and slanted forms, each available in twelve variants. The new options are upint (upright integrals) and
smallerops (smaller large operators.) Some previously available options may no longer have any effect.
The changes are described in detail in the section on math mode options. A summary of the changes in
version 1.5 is given in Appendix 1.
Version 1.60 likewise has many additions and changes that are summarized in Appendix 2. Most important
is that newtx is now able to output a PDF/A-1b compliant pdf using pdflatex.
This math package works, after possibly replacing its math Roman and Greek letters, with fonts other than
Times that are intermediate in weight between Computer Modern and Times. The free font Linux Libertine
is one particular target—it is of nearly the same x-height as Computer Modern, but, not being a modern
font, does not have a high contrast ratio, and so appears denser than Computer Modern but not as much so
as Times. It is meant as a replacement for Times, but differs from it in many characteristics, more similar to
MinionPro than Times, and provides a better range of variants than Times—three weights (regular, semi-bold
and bold) rather than just two, and has expert features in all weights: old-style figures, more extensive and
more interesting ligatures, and small caps. In my opinion, material typeset in Linux Libertine looks better
than the corresponding material typeset in Times. This seems especially true on the screen. As of version
1.0, the package also offers support for MinionPro as a math font, but with limitations described in detail
below. More recently, an option to provide math support for the garamondx text font package was added.
Version 1.55 adds support for the SticksToo text fonts, a reworking of the STIX2 text fonts.
The newtx package differs from txfonts in the following ways:
• the new package is split into separate text and math packages that do not need to be used in conjunction;
• both text and math packages offer options not present in the original package, described below,
including the option to use libertine Latin and Greek letters to replace Times, as well as a similar option
minion;

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 • wide accent glyphs have been corrected (they should have zero depth) so that they no longer collide
with the underlying glyph;
• for those who do not like the integral in txfonts, an emboldened version of the Computer Modern
integral is made available, matching the weight of the txfonts symbols—this is no longer available
since the original txfonts integral have been replaced;
• an upright partial derivative symbol has been added, named \uppartial;
• there is now an option to get braces more pleasing to older eyes;
• macros have been added to bring the calls to Greek symbols more into conformity with psnfss and
Mathtime Pro 2;
• problems using ams macro packages before txfonts are settled;
• \coloneq and \eqcolon now point to the correct glyphs;
• The problem with the ogonek accent and tabular environments (bad definition of \k) is fixed: (the
definition of \k is removed as of version 1.628, being no longer of use);
• The default encoding for newtxtext is now T1, but support is offered also for OT1 and LY1. As some
add-on packages are available only in T1, that seems the best current choice.
• Sans serif is by default taken from TeXGyreHeros, and by default at 90% of the scale factor (set by
scaled, default value 1). The option helvratio=.98 will change that to 98%.
• \varkappa 𝜘 has been moved from AMSb to lettersA, and is now accompanied by an upright form
\upvarkappa ϰ which behaves as it should when using the frenchmath option.

2 Text mode options

Beginning with version 1.4, the text font component of newtx is no longer dependent on the txfonts, and is
constructed entirely from TeXGyre Termes and some modifications thereof.
The text mode environment invoked by
\usepackage{newtxtext}
has several options, a number new to version 1.4: you may write
\usepackage[scaled=.93]{newtxtext}
to load the roman and typewriter text fonts at 93% of normal size, and the sans serif (Helvetica clone) at scale
0.9 ∗ 0.93. This is not of much utility if the package is used with the math package newtxmath to which it is
already matched, but may be with other math packages. The options
\usepackage[scaled=.95,helvratio=.96]{newtxtext}
load roman and typewriter text fonts at 95% of normal size, and the sans serif (Helvetica clone) at scale
0.95 ∗ 0.96.
The option osf instructs the text fonts to use old-style figures 1234567890 rather than the default lining
figures 1234567890. As of version 1.23, newtxtext loads initially with lining figures so the math package
uses lining figures in math mode. The option osf changes the default to old-style figures in text at the very

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end of the preamble, forcing the use of old-style figures in text, but not math. In earlier versions, it was
necessary to run \useosf after loading newtxmath. This is no longer required.
If you use the babel package, you should load it before newtxtext—for example:
\usepackage[<babel options>]{babel}
\usepackage[osf]{newtxtext}
More generally, the pattern of the preamble should be:
<encoding options>
[optional] \usepackage{substitutefont} % so you can change babel's fonts
[optional] \usepackage[<babel options>]{babel}
\usepackage[p,osf]{newtxtext}% osf in text, lining figures in math
[optional] redefine the plain theorem style if necessary
<other font loading commands>
\usepackage{newtxmath}
<substitutefont commands>
As an example of a theoremstyle definition,
\usepackage[theoremfont]{newtxtext}
%%% modify the default definition of plain to reduce spacing above and below
\newtheoremstyle{plain}
{0pt} % ABOVESPACE, extra space above
{0pt} % BELOWSPACE, extra space below
{\slshape} % BODYFONT, italic with upright figures and punctuation
{} % INDENT (empty value is the same as 0pt)
{\bfseries} % HEADFONT
{.} % HEADPUNCT
{5pt plus 1pt minus 1pt} % HEADSPACE
{} % CUSTOM-HEAD-SPEC\newtheorem{thm}{Theorem}[section]
Here is a specific example following this pattern, but without theoremfont.
\usepackage[LGR,T1]{fontenc} % spell out all text encodings used
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} %
\usepackage{substitutefont} % so we can use fonts other than those in babel
\usepackage[[Link],english]{babel}
\usepackage[largesc,osf]{newtxtext} %
\usepackage[varqu,varl]{zi4}% inconsolata
\usepackage{cabin}% sans serif
\usepackage[vvarbb]{newtxmath}
\useosf % use oldstyle figures except in math
\substitutefont{LGR}{\rmdefault}{Tempora} % use Tempora to render Greek text
As of version 1.4, there are four normal figure styles: tabular lining, tabular oldstyle, proportional lining and
proportional oldstyle, the default figure alignment being tabular. To make proportional the default, use
the option p or proportional.
Option defaultsups (same effect as defaultsups=true) forces the package to use the LATEX default
footnote markers (or, at least, those in force when the package is loaded) instead of those preferred by the
package—Times Roman superior figures instead of spindly ordinary Times lining figures reduced to about

3
70%. (Footnote markers in minipages use the default lowercase italic alphabetic characters, unless otherwise
specified by redefining \thempfootnote.) For better control over position and size of footnote markers, use
the superiors package after loading newtxtext. The \sustyle font switch and its related \textsu macro
know not only about figures, but also the lower case letters, including egrave, so that traditional French
expressions like 1ière may be typeset correctly.
As of version 1.625, there are now denominator figures (aligned to the text baseline) which may be called
either with {\infigures 12345} 12345 or \textin{6789} 6789. Currently, these are available only in regular
weight, upright shape. There is a new macro \textfrac that builds a fraction from superior figures and
denominator figures: e.g., \textlf{5}\,\textfrac{7}{80} renders as 5 7⁄80. The macro was changed
starting in version 1.630 to add an optional argument for the integer part, and to allow adjustments to the
space before and after the fraction solidus by means of the package options foresolidus and aftsolidus.
Now, for example, \textfrac[5]{7}{80} renders as 57⁄80.
Also, as of version 1.630, there is a custom \textcircled macro that gives output very similar to the
existing \textregistered glyph. E.g., \textregistered\textcircled{S}\textcircled{2} renders as
®OS O.
2
Option largesc changes the small cap glyphs from the default petite caps defined in TeXGyre Termes (same
size as in txfonts) to a larger size that, in upright shapes, is metrically compatible with Adobe’s small caps.
These are about 10% larger than petite caps. For a comparison, Small Caps, Petite Caps, and Italic Small
Caps, Italic Petite Caps.
Option adobesc is only for those who own licenses for Adobe Times Small Caps and install them into the
ptmsc package downloaded from ctan. This option loads largesc and substitutes the Adobe glyphs, where
available, including their larger Regular and Bold tabular oldstyle figures.
The theoremfont option changes the default font used for the plain theoremstyle of amsthm, keeping
italic text but substituting upright figures and punctuation, and, provided you have loaded amsthm before
newtxtext, it will redefine the plain theoremstyle. For example, with this option, you get theorem statements
like this:

Theorem 2.1. This is Theorem Italic: text numbers are upright—12345; punctuation is in many cases upright
(also, parens, braces {} and brackets []). What about question marks and exclamations? Also upright!
[These fit better with math mode punctuation and figures, like: for all 𝑥 ∈ [0, 1], let 𝑓 (𝑥) ≔ exp(𝛼𝑥)].

Compare this to traditional plain theoremstyle with the same text:

Theorem 2.1. This is Theorem Italic: text numbers are upright—12345; punctuation is in many cases upright
(also, parens, braces {} and brackets []). What about question marks and exclamations? Also upright!
[These fit better with math mode punctuation and figures, like: for all 𝑥 ∈ [0, 1], let 𝑓 (𝑥) ≔ exp(𝛼𝑥)].
If you are using another theorem package (e.g., ntheorem, theorem) you will have to add your own descriptors
as specified in its documentation and set the body font to \slshape.

3 Spacing issues
This new version of newtxtext has spacing that is a little different, in its default state, from that of the old
newtxtext. In small part this is due to the finer kerning of TeXGyre Termes, but mostly because the three
parameters that govern inter-word spacing are not the same.

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 txfonts Termes
fontdimen2 (interword space) .25em .25em
fontdimen3 (interword stretch) .15em .2em
fontdimen4 (interword shrink) .06em .1em
That is, Termes has the same normal spacing as txfonts but its spacing is more flexible in terms of both
stretch and shrink. More frequently than not, a paragraph built with Termes will occupy more space than the
same built with txfonts. For this reason, the package offers some ways to change the spacing parameters.
This may be important if you are trying to imitate the pagination of a document built using txfonts.
Option tighter sets the three fontdimen values to those of txfonts.
Option looser sets the three fontdimen values to {.3em,.2em,.1em} respectively.
If you want full control, the options spacing, stretch, shrink allow you to modify one or more of the
above fontdimens. For example,
\usepackage[stretch=.15em,shrink=.095em]{newtxtext}

4 Math mode options

The package invoked by
\usepackage{newtxmath}
loads the math part of the txfonts (with revised metrics and additional glyphs) and should be loaded after
the text font and its encoding have been specified, as it uses the text font settings to define how operators,
numbers, math accents, \mathrm, \mathbf etc. are rendered. You should also load a Typewriter font so as
not to generate mysterious error messages about metafont trying to generate ectt10. The package offers a
number of options.
• upint (new as of version 1.5) selects upright integrals—the default shape is slanted. Each shape/size
of integral takes one of twelve form, illustrated below in the case of display size slanted integrals.
∫ ∮ ∬ ∭ ⨌ ∯ ∰ ∲ ∳ ⨏ ⨋ ⨖

named respectively
\int \oint \iint \iiint \iiiint \oiint
\oiiint \varointclockwise \ointctrclockwise \fint \sumint \sqint
The three sizes of the upright integrals look like:
Glyph Command
∫∫ \smallint[up]
∫ \int[up]
\displaystyle{\int[up]}

Note that the suffix up is not required unless the document’s integral style is slanted. You may find the
\smallint is useful for inline math mode when it is important not to change the line spacing.
• smallerops (new as of version 1.5) causes big operators other than integrals to render up to 20% less
tall, so that displayed formulas may occupy less vertical space. For example, in the following display,

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 the first operator is the usual \sum, the second is what you would get with smallerops, the third is
\sum and the fourth is \smallsum, the latter being used mainly with inline math.
∑︁ ∑︁ ∑︁
∑

Similarly, there are \smallprod and \smallcoprod which, along with \smallsum, are of class mathop,
unlike their Greek letter equivalents.
• (New as of version 1.5.) Two macros allow you to change fontdimen values in math mode:
\setSYdimens and \setEXdimens, which allow you to change the fontdimen parameters for the
symbol and extension fonts respectively. They may be used only in your preamble. Their arguments
can be any valid TEX commands to change fontdimen values. For example:
\def\setSYdimens{\fontdimen16\font=2pt\fontdimen17\font=1.15\fontdimen17\font }
Don’t use these unless you know what you’re doing.
• varg causes the math italic letters g,v,w,y to be replaced by versions which are more distinctive—eg,
useful for distinguishing math italic v from \nu;
• varvw causes the math italic letters v,w to be replaced by versions which are more distinctive—eg,
useful for distinguishing math italic v from \nu;
• libertine loads different versions of math italic and bold math italic based on Libertine rather than
Times—the varg and varvw options are disabled in this case, as the equivalent variant forms are made
available by default;
• (new in version 1.55) stix2 loads different versions of math italic and bold math italic based on
StixTwoMath rather than Times—the varg and varvw options are disabled in this case. See the
documentation to the SticksToo package, which contains more details and some math samples.
• (new in version 1.60) ebgaramond loads different versions of math italic and bold math italic based on
EBGaramond rather than Times—the varg and varvw options are disabled in this case. See the end
of Appendix 2 for an example of a preamble.
• (new as of version 1.629) noto, notosans load different versions of math italic and bold math italic
based on NotoSerif, NotoSans rather than Times. There are some intricacies involved, for which there
is a separate package, notomath, that tries to offer as simple an interface as it was possible for me to
devise.
• (new in version 1.62) nc, ncf load different versions of math italic and bold math italic based on
ScholaX (New Century Schoolbook) rather than Times—the varg and varvw options are disabled in
this case. The difference is that option nc loads math Greek letters from newtxmath, while option ncf
loads math greek from an adaptation of fourier Greek.
• minion loads different versions of math italic and bold math italic based on MinionPro rather than
Times—the varg and varvw options are disabled in this case, as the equivalent variant forms are made
available by default—see the extended discussion below;
• garamondx loads different versions of math italic and bold math italic based on garamondx rather than
Times—the varg and varvw options are disabled in this case, as the equivalent variant forms are made
available by default.

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• baskervaldx (or Baskervaldx) loads different versions of math italic and bold math italic based on
Baskervaldx rather than Times—the varg and varvw options are disabled in this case, as the equivalent
variant forms are made available by default.
• baskerville (or Baskerville, or baskervillef or BaskervilleF) loads different versions of math
italic and bold math italic based on BaskervilleF rather than Times—the varg and varvw options are
disabled in this case, as the equivalent variant forms are made available by default.
• charter (or xcharter) loads different versions of math italic and bold math italic based on XCharter
rather than Times—the varg and varvw options are disabled in this case, as the equivalent variant
forms are made available by default. As of version 1.53, Greek letters in all styles are taken from
new alphabets constructed to match the Charter style.
• alty is new as of version 1.611, and applies only when math mode uses Charter alphabets. It causes
math italic y to be rendered using a rounder shape that is less problematic than the default shape
because it lacks the long tail of the XCharter Italic y.
• noxchvw (or noXchvw is new as of version 1.54, and applies only when math mode uses Charter
alphabets. It causes math italic v and w to be rendered using Charter italic glyphs. Use this only if
you don’t care if math italic v is hard to distinguish from Greek \nu.
• cochineal loads different versions of math italic and bold math italic based on cochineal rather than
Times—the varg and varvw options are disabled in this case. There are two additional options specific
to cochineal.
– Option cochf replaces the default short math italic f with the long italic f used in text.
– Option cochrho replaces the default short form of \rho with the the long form used in text.
• utopia (or heuristica or erewhon) loads different versions of math italic and bold math italic based
on Utopia rather than Times—the varg and varvw options are disabled in this case, as the equivalent
variant forms are made available by default. The Heuristica or Erewhon font package must be installed
to use this option. (Erewhon is based on Heuristica, but is 6% smaller and has more complete figures
styles and small cap styles, as well as a variety of smaller figures—superior, inferior, numerator,
denominator.) For example:
\usepackage[osf]{erewhon} %extension of Utopia
\usepackage[varqu,varl]{inconsolata} % sans typewriter
\usepackage[scaled=.95]{cabin} % sans serif
\usepackage[utopia,vvarbb]{newtxmath}
• the libertine option also replaces both slanted and upright Greek symbols by the corresponding Lib-
ertine glyphs, and similarly for minion, garamondx, ebgaramond, stix2, xcharter and cochineal;
• cmintegrals instructs newtxmath to load a thicker version of the Computer Modern integral in place
of the newtxmath default—the txfonts integral (identical to the integral in the Wolfram fonts), which
is not to everyone’s taste—a consequence is that none of the special forms of txfonts integrals are
available; as of version 1.5, this option does nothing, as the new default is slanted integrals.
• the combination
% The next line is no longer needed, as newtxmath Requires it
%\usepackage{amsmath}% loads amstext, amsbsy, amsopn but not amssymb
\usepackage{newtxmath}

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 causes no error, unlike the same combination with txfonts, but does nothing significant. (Recall that
amsmath is loaded automatically if you use an ams document class such as amsart or amsbook, as is
amsthm.)
• If you wish to use \usepackage{amsthm}, place it before loading newtxmath or the result will be
! LaTeX Error: Command \openbox already defined.
• uprightGreek and slantedGreek determine the form of Greek alphabet loaded—the default is
uprightGreek, which loads upright uppercase and slanted lowercase Greek symbols, as is customary
in Anglo-American mathematical typesetting. With the option slantedGreek, which you might want
to use if you cared about ISO standards, all Greek symbols are slanted. No matter which is set,
\Gammaup (or \upGamma) gives you upright \Gamma, etc, and \Deltait, \zetait give you italic (i.e.,
slanted) versions of those letters. If you are using a text font family with properly constructed OT1–
encoded versions, then, no matter what you chose as the default shape for upper case Greek letters,
\mathnormal{\Omega} etc will always produce the slanted version. (The macro \mathnormal means
essentially “use the version of the symbol in letters”—i.e., the math italic form. This did not always
work as expected in versions prior to 1.45.) Currently, this works as expected with newtxtext and
libertine.
• Option frenchmath sets the default style in math mode for rendering uppercase Roman and Greek
letters to upright, and lowercase Greek letters to upright. (Introduced in v. 1.28.)
• The option cmbraces instructs newtxmath to ignore the brace collections from txfonts, substituting
a collection based on thickened versions of the Computer Modern braces, which I find much easier to
distinguish from other delimiters. This works quite well in regular weight but looks a bit clunky in
bold. The option bigdelims, which superseded cmbraces, is now not necessary—it is the default as
of version 1.5.
• Option nonewtxmathopt (or scale, a mistake I cannot now erase) causes newtxmath to not make use
of the optical math sizes (7pt, 5pt), as preferred by some.
• Option subscriptcorrection enables the special spacing of some subscripts. (The default is
nosubscriptcorrection.)
• The newtxmath package contains three different Blackboard Bold alphabets, where the original txfonts
contained two. The default, triggered by \mathbb{}, takes its glyphs from the font which replaces
msbm and has the same overall appearance of a hollowed-out text font, which I find neither bold
nor blackboard-like. The second option, taken from txfonts, is triggered by \varmathbb{}, is more
geometric and, in my opinion, preferable but not optimal. The option varbb makes \mathbb{} syn-
onymous with \varmathbb{}. The third option is the double-struck glyphs from the STIX collection.
See the expanded discussion below.
• noOT1 affects only those text-math combinations where operators is defined by default to OT1
with Greek uppercase letters. It causes operators to keep the same encoding as in tex, allowing
operatornames to use accented characters, but losing Greek uppercase.
• nosymbolsc causes the package to not load the symbolsC fonts, saving a math family. (This font
contains mostly exotic symbols, along with some very useful, commonly used symbols like \coloneq
≔, \eqcolon ≕, \notin ∉, \notni ∌, \neq ≠, \nsubset ⊄ and \nsupset ⊅, but these have been
moved (virtually) to lettersA so they may continue to be used even if you use the option nosymbolsc.)
If this option is selected, then, as of version 1.53, new definitions are made for the missing negated
symbols. The package centernot is now required.

8
• amssymbols (the default) and noamssymbols determine whether the txfonts versions of the ams
symbols (AMSm) are loaded—if so, they override previous settings in amsmath. If you use the option
noamssymbols, then \mathbb{} is set to mean the same as \varmathbb{}. (One advantage of
noamssymbols is that you save two of your precious math families for other purposes, such as setting
a couple of external math alphabets by means of the mathalfa package.) Important note: if you load
an AMS class, like amsart, then some trickery will be involved. The AMS classes have an option,
noamsfonts which currently (2017) does not work as advertised, but is fixed in TEXLive 2018. It is
supposed to prevent the loading of AMSa and AMSb, which waste two slots. The following workaround
seems like a reasonable stopgap until then.
\def\symAMSb{5}
\documentclass[noamsfonts]{amsart} %or other AMS classes
\let\symAMSb\@undefined
This method of loading the AMS class will save you two slots.
• libaltvw has effect only if the libertine option is selected—in this case, it substitutes for math italic
v and w hand-crafted versions based on the Libertine upsilon glyphs.
• bigdelims loads a different math extension font and redefines most of the small and big math delimiters
to have larger sizes so that, for example, there is more of a distinction between ( and \big( in math
mode. If this option is specified, cmbraces is ignored. (This option is unnecessary, as of version 1.5.)
• liby has an effect only if the libertine option is selected—with this option, the math italic y is chosen
to be Libertine’s italic y instead of the default one from txfonts.
• As of version 1.18 of newtxmath (and version 1.07 of newpxmath) there are new math accents and
macros available.
– \widehat and \widetilde have been extended from 3 to 6 sizes, and the smallest is now not as
wide as in previous versions. In particular, you can now use, eg, $\widehat{X}^2$, which gives
ˆ︁2 without the hat colliding with the superscript.
𝑋
– The math double bracket delimiters have been moved to another family so their use is less likely
to cause a “too many math families” error. The ordinary sizes now have their own macros, \dlb
and \drb, giving, eg, ⟦0, 𝑇⟧, as commonly used in probability theory.
– The new macros \overgroup, \undergroup, \overgroupra, \overgroupla, \undergroupra
and \undergroupla are intended as replacements for the \wideparen and related macros from
the yhmath and fourier packages. In fact, \overgroup and \undergroup are variants of the
existing macros \overbrace and \underbrace, while the suffixes ra and la signify right arrow
and left arrow respectively. The macro \widering places a ring centered over an \overgroup,
not dissimilar from its use in yhmath. Example:
\[\overgroup{ABC}\quad\overgroupra{ABC}\quad\undergroup{ABC}\quad
\undergroupla{ABC}\quad \widering{ABCD}\]
gives
ˊˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˋ ˊˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˋ͐ ˊˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˋ
˚
𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵𝐶 ˏˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˎ
𝐴𝐵𝐶 ˱ˏˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˎ
𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷

• As of version 1.23, the package contains new math accents \widearc and \wideOarc similar in effect
to those from fourier and kpfonts. Example:

9
 \[\widearc{BC}\quad\widearc{ABC}\quad\widearc{ABCD}\quad
\wideOarc{BC}\quad\wideOarc{ABC}\quad\wideOarc{ABCD}\]
gives
𝐵𝐶
͡ 𝐴𝐵𝐶
͡︂ 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷
͡︄ 𝐵𝐶
͐͡ 𝐴𝐵𝐶
͡︂͐ 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷
͡︄͐

• The option timesmathacc changes the default selection of math accents from the Roman text font,
forcing the use of the heavier Times accents. (Libertine has much lighter accents which can seem to
almost disappear under some conditions.) If your language uses accented operator names, do not use
this option.

4.1 Bold Math Italic macros

It can be a little awkward to specify bold math italic letters without using the bm package, which may have
some unintended consequences for some users. The option useBImacros enables the definitions of macros
of the form \BIA—\BIz that may be used instead, all based on the macro
\DeclareRobustCommand{\BI@}[1]{%
\begingroup\text{\mathversion{bold}$#1$}\endgroup}
following which, the package conditionally defines, e.g.,
\DeclareRobustCommand{\BIA}{\BI@{A}}
so that \BIA works as expected in all math styles (display, text, script, scriptscript). These macros may be
copied with minor changes so that other alphabets may be specified similarly.
IMPORTANT: The Libertine text package is now once again named libertine, but requires arguments
that are different from the original libertine package.
Example 1:
\usepackage[osf]{newtxtext} % T1, lining figures in math, osf in text
\usepackage{textcomp} % required for special glyphs
%\usepackage{amsmath} % not needed, as it is Required by newtxmath
\usepackage[varvf,vvarbb]{newtxmath}
\usepackage{bm} % load after all math to give access to bold math
%\useosf %no longer required if osf specified
Example 2:
\usepackage[lining,semibold]{libertine} % a bit lighter than Times--no osf in math
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % best for Western European languages
\usepackage{textcomp} % required to get special symbols
\usepackage[varqu,varl]{inconsolata}% a typewriter font must be defined
\usepackage{amsthm}% must be loaded before newtxmath
\usepackage[libertine,vvarbb]{newtxmath}
\usepackage[scr=rsfso]{mathalfa}
\usepackage{bm}% load after all math to give access to bold math
%After loading math package, switch to osf in text.
\useosf % for osf in normal text

10
Caution: If your text font lacks an OT1 encoded version with uppercase Greek, \mathrm and \mathit
applied to Greek letters won’t give you what you expect.

5 Usage with LuaLATEX and XeLATEX

As far as I can tell, newtxmath works with both, but requires a very specific loading order and choice of
options. Briefly, except for libertine text, the math options must all be loaded prior to loading and using
fontspec. Be aware that some text packages (eg, cabin) may contain a line like
\RequirePackage{fontspec}
which would prevent (“option clash” error) a subsequent
\usepackage[no-math]{fontspec}
unless suppressed by an appropriate option. E.g.,
\usepackage[type1]{cabin}
prevents the problem with the cabin package.
The following examples illustrate some general models, the most unintuitive being the first because it loads
a small version, minlibertine, of libertine text for use in math mode as numbers, basic symbols and
operators.
Example 3:
%load text components other than libertine text to be used in math
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[scaled=.85]{beramono}% used only by \mathtt
\usepackage[type1]{cabin}% used only by \mathsf
\usepackage{amsthm}% must be loaded before newtxmath
\usepackage[libertine]{newtxmath}
% loads minlibertine because no other Roman text package was specified
% so that \mathrm and \mathbf also use minlibertine
\usepackage[scr=rsfso]{mathalfa}
\usepackage{bm}% load after all math to give access to bold math
%Now load the otf text fonts using fontspec---won't affect math
\usepackage[no-math]{fontspec} % process with XeLaTeX or LuaLaTeX
\usepackage{libertine}
%\usepackage[osf,semibold]{libertine} for osf in text, semibold as bold
The next example is similar, but in math mode, numbers, basic symbols, operator names, \mathrm and
\mathbf will render with fbb-LF, though math italic and math Greek letters will be from libertine. (Note
that one specifies the encoding and redefines \rmdefault. For reasons I don’t yet understand, it may not
work to load the font package—ie, don’t substitute \usepackage{fbb}, as that will mess up bold in the
libertine text package.)
Example 4:
%load text components other than libertine text to be used in math
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{fbb-LF}% Roman font for use in math mode

11
\usepackage[scaled=.85]{beramono}% used only by \mathtt
\usepackage[type1]{cabin}% used only by \mathsf
\usepackage{amsthm}% load before newtxmath
\usepackage[libertine,vvarbb]{newtxmath}
% does not load minlibertine because another Roman text package was specified
\usepackage[scr=rsfso]{mathalfa}
\usepackage{bm}% load after all math to give access to bold math
%Now load the otf text fonts using fontspec---won't affect math
\usepackage[no-math]{fontspec} % process with XeLaTeX or LuaLaTeX
\usepackage{libertine}

6 Alternate forms of glyphs

Prior to version 1.5, several math glyphs had alternate forms:
Command Result Alternate Commands Alternate Forms
\emptyset ∅ \varnothing, \emptysetAlt ∅, ∅
\forall ∀ \forallAlt ∀
\exists ∃ \existsAlt ∃
\nexists ∄ \nexistsAlt ∄
To use an alternate form throughout your document without changing all occurrences of the usual command,
insert something like the following in your preamble after loading newtxmath:
\let\forall\forallAlt
As of version 1.5, the old txfonts versions of \forall, \exists and \nexists have been removed and
the Alt versions substituted. Both \forall and \forallAlt generate ∀, and similarly with \exists and
\nexists.

7 Conformity with amsmath

The newtxmath package now contains a \RequirePackage{amsmath}, as it uses a number of the macros
defined there. To pass options to amsmath, you can pass the options as options to \documentclass. For
example,
\documentclass[11pt,intlimits]{article}
\usepackage{newtxtext}
\usepackage{newtxmath}
will load amsmath with option intlimits. As of version 1.14, newtxmath respects the amsmath macros for
placement of limits on integrals.

8 The minion option

This option allows the use of MinionPro as math letters (Latin and Greek) within the math font, but there are
some caveats:
• you must use a recent version of MinionPro (2.00 minimum, 2.12 or higher prefered), such as the
version that comes with recent versions of Adobe Reader. The MinionPro package must be generated

12
 by FontPro, and the CTAN package minion2newtx must be installed sepately—it is not in TEXLive.
The details are spelled out in the documentation for the minion2newtx package.

9 The TEX math font problem

Math font packages in LATEX are susceptible to the “Too many math alphabets” error, due to exceeding the
limit of just sixteen math font families, or mathgroups, as they are called in LATEX. Put in oversimplified
terms that do however correctly represent how this all works in newtxmath, the following math fonts are
always loaded and permanently (if you didn’t prevent loading of some features) occupying slots immediately
following \begin{document}, and others that may be called for in typesetting a mathematical expression
can add to the list as the document grows.
Always loaded:
0: operators
1: letters
2: symbols
3: largesymbols
4: AMSm (a combination of the old AMSa and AMSb)
5: lettersA
6: symbolsC
7: largesymbolsTXA
8: boldoperators
9: boldletters
10: boldsymbols
11: boldlargesymbols
Notes:
• If using one of the AMS classes (e.g., amsart, amsbook), you can save two or more math families by
adding the option noamsfonts in your \documentclass call. As of early 2018, This works only with
the most recent versions the AMS classes available in both TexLive and MiKTeX.
• The operators font is essentially the Roman text font, used for names of operators and as the target
for \mathrm—its bold version is used as the target for \mathbf;
• operators is defined to be the OT1 encoded version of the text font in cases where that version is
known to contain upright uppercase Greek letters in its forst eleven slots—eg, newtxtext, libertine.
• if you typeset an expression that, say, calls for a single bold glyph from symbolsC, that costs you an
entire new slot, leaving only two remaining;
• same with, eg, \mathit;
• same with an external Fraktur, Blackboard Bold or Script glyphs;
• if you run out of math alphabets, look first to dropping AMSm as well as symbolsC, which can save you
at least two slots;
• if space is tight, do not call bold versions of the fonts listed above where the bold version is not already
loaded, to avoid loading a new mathgroup;

13
 • if you absolutely need a letter (not a math symbol) from some math font that would normally cost you
another mathgroup, you might consider using as if it were text, with something like
\mbox{{\usefont{U}{ntxmia}{b}{n} X}}
which allows you to use letter X from boldlettersA but without any math features;
• there is a macro \ShowMathFonts in newtxmath which may be called at any point in your document,
which will provide you a list of the mathgroups currently in use. This can be helpful in figuring out
where problems occur. The output lines take the form
(<fam number>: <internal font id> = <tfm name> [newtx name])

10 Bold math fonts

Every math font in the txfonts package, and in the newtx package, is accompanied by a bold version. Some
usage examples are given below. Generally, one may use either \boldmath to change an entire formula to
bold, or \boldsymbol to change one symbol, but the spacing generally works better after loading the bm
package and using the \bm macro.
The text glyphs dotlessi (\i) and dotlessj (\j) are rarely needed in actual text—in many fonts, roman dotlessi
is very similar to the numeral 1. They are however sometimes needed to build special math glyphs. The
following table shows how to generate the mathematical forms of dotlessi and dotlessj. I illustrate with only
dotlessi—dotlessj is entirely analogous.
Type Weight Command Result
Math Italic Regular $\hat{\imath}$ 𝚤ˆ
Math Italic Bold $\bm{\hat{\imath}}$ 𝚤ˆ
Roman Regular $\hat{\textrm{\i}}$ ı̂ı
Roman Bold $\bm{\hat{\textbf{\i}}}$ ı̂
In math, bold roman characters are often used to indicate vector quantities, and for this one uses constructions
like
• $\mathbf{x}$ produces x;
• $\bm{\mathrm{x}}$ produces x (same as previous but may offer improved spacing);
• $\bm{x}$ produces 𝒙 (not roman);
• $\bm{\hat{\mathbf{x}}}$ produces x̂ (with a bold accent);
• $\bm{\dot{x}}$ produces 𝒙̇ (bold but not roman);
• the macro definition
\newcommand{\xyvec}[2]{%
\ensuremath{#1\mkern1.5mu\bm{\textbf{\i}}#2\mkern1.5mu\bm{\textbf{\j}}}}
allows you to write \xyvec{x}{+y} to output 𝑥 ı + 𝑦 ȷ;
• $\bm{\Gamma}$ produces 𝚪 (bold Gamma);
• $\bm{\hat{\Gamma}}$ produces 𝚪ˆ (bold Gamma with bold accent).
(The last two assume that you have effectively set the option uprightGreek—the default.)

14
11 Blackboard Bold
Much of what is in this section is a repetition of material from other parts of the document, more expanded
and with more emphasis on the differences between the available Blackboard Bold alphabets. It also reflect
substantive changes in [Link] version 1.640 that have changed for the better the handling of math
alphabets such as \mathbb and \mathscr. The new handlers maintain consistency of the printed output with
prior versions, while greatly improving interactions with the bm and hyperref packages.
When Cost is mentioned in the following discussion, this is to remind you that you have a total of only
sixteen math families available to any document, and it is easy to run out, so I provide the Cost of an option
as the number of math families in regular weight only that this would involve. (If you make also use of a
bold symbol from one of those families, the Cost could double.)
In the TEX world, Blackboard Bold appeared first in the amstex package, with msam containing Gothic and
msbm containing Blackboard Bold. The only weight provided was regular. Those AMS additions, referred to
below as AMSadd, were designed to blend well with Computer Modern, with geometric symbols vertically
centered on its math axis and line widths matching those in Computer Modern. They are not good matches
for the math axis and line width in newtx. (Cost=2.)
In the original txfonts, the AMSadd fonts msam* and msbm* were replaced by AMSa and AMSb, with vertical
positions and line widths appropriate to Times, each available in regular and bold. (Cost=2.) In the newtx
package, these two seven bit fonts are replaced by one eight bit font. (Cost=1.) In the sequel, this will be
called TXAMSadd. The Gothic and Blackboard Bold alphabets they contain were not substantially heavier
that those in the AMSadd fonts, but the shapes were somewhat different. For example, Blackboard Bold A
in the original AMS additions and in the original txfonts look as followed, scaled up by a factor of five:

AA
In both, there are areas of the glyphs where the narrow gaps between the outlines do not render well at
normal text sizes, making for uneven gray blotched areas. In my opinion, neither is good for high quality
work. Technically, both work work well with respect to hyperref and the macros \bm, \boldmath and
\boldsymbol.
The following describe a number of common scenarios relative to the AMS font symbols and show how to
minimize additional Cost.
• I need neither AMSadd nor TXAMSadd:
– Do not load amssymb, otherwise AMSadd will be loaded.
– When loading newtxmath, include the option noamssymbols to prevent TXAMSadd from loading.
– If you use one of the AMS classes (amsart, amsbook, amsreport), the default is for that class to
load amsfonts, but there is a class option noamsfonts to prevent this.
• I want to use TXAMSadd, not AMSadd:
– Do not load amssymb, otherwise AMSadd will be loaded uselessly, additional Cost=2.
– When loading newtxmath, do not include the option noamssymbols, so that TXAMSadd will
load.
– If you use one of the AMS classes (amsart, amsbook, amsreport), include the class option
noamsfonts to prevent AMSadd from loading.

15
 • I want to use AMSadd, not TXAMSadd:
– If you use one of the AMS classes (amsart, amsbook, amsreport), do not include the class
option noamsfonts that prevents AMSadd from loading. Otherwise, load amssymb.
– When loading newtxmath, include the option noamssymbols, so that TXAMSadd will NOT load.
Newtxmath now has three built-in blackboard bold alphabets, along with package options and macros to call
them. In summary:
• In the absence of one of the options varbb, vvarbb, and assuming you did not block loading of
both AMSadd and TXAMSadd, \mathbb will use the alphabet described in the preceding paragraphs,
otherwise it will use the alphabet described in the following item.
• The second possible alphabet may be specified by the option varbb, looking like 𝔸𝔹ℂ𝕜. It does
cooperate with the bolding macro \bm and with hyperref but, in my opinion, it has appearance
problems. It has all uppercase letters, but in versions of newtx up to 1.640, its only lowercase glyph is
𝕜. As of version 1.641, there is a full lowercase plus \imath and \jmath. The bold version is identical
to the regular version.
• The third possibility is specified by the option vvarbb, looking like 𝔸𝔹ℂℤ𝕒𝕫𝟘𝟡. It cooperates with
the bolding macro \bm and with hyperref and, in my opinion , looks better than the other two. It is
taken from the original STIX math fonts. There is a slightly heavier bold version.
• No matter which alphabet option you chose, you may use symbols from of of the variant alphabets by
means of the macros \vmathbb, \vvmathbb: e.g., \vmathbb{N} gives ℕ and \vvmathbb{C} gives ℂ.
Note that for consistency with earlier usage in newtxmath, \varmathbb is a synonym for \vmathbb.
• In each of the two variant alphabets, there are digits taken from the STIX Blackboard Bold alphabets,
as well as dotlessi and dotlessj.
• Important note: Under the option stix2, there are still three blackboard fonts but the macro \vmathbb
now points to glyphs from DSSerif, a serifed double-struck family that replaces the original variant
that is still available under other options. With stix2, the dotlessi and dotlessj glyphs from
the DSSerif font are available as $\imathbbs$ and $\jmathbbs$, no matter which blackboard bold
option you chose.
One interesting feature of the third Blackboard Bold alphabet is that it contains blackboard bold numbers, of
which 0 and 1 will likely be the most useful, perhaps as operator names. I find 𝟙=$\vvmathbb{1}$ useful
in specifying an indicator, AKA characteristic function. Here are some examples that hold except with the
stix2 option:

Regular Bold Remarks

Default $\mathbb{R}$ R $\bm{\mathbb{R}}$ R Bold has more interior space
$\mathbb{R}$ R {\boldmath$\mathbb{R}$} R Also “bold”
Variant 1 $\varmathbb{R}$ ℝ $\bm{\varmathbb{R}}$ℝ Bold glyphs same as regular
. . . or $\vmathbb{R}$ ℝ
$\varmathbb{2}$ 𝟚 $\bm{\varmathbb{2}}$ 𝟚 Bold digits are now bolder
Variant 2 $\vvmathbb{R}$ ℝ $\bm{\vvmathbb{R}}$ ℝ Truly bold!
$\vvmathbb{1}$ 𝟙 $\bm{\vvmathbb{1}}$ 𝟙
$\vvmathbb{\Gamma}$ ℾ $\bm{\vvmathbb{\Gamma}}$ ℾ Also ℽ, ℿ, ℼ

16
The macros \varmathbb and \vvarmathbb have been substantially rewritten as of version 1.640. Both accept
strings as arguments rather than just single characters, and pass through characters not in the Blackboard
Bold alphabet.
Revision 1.640 makes a symbol definition for every Blackboard Bold glyph, like
\DeclareMathSymbol{\m@thbbch@rA}{\mathord}{lettersA}{132}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\m@thbbch@rimath}{\mathord}{lettersA}{125}
and then parses the argument of, e.g., \varmathbb, concatenating the prefix \m@thbbch@r with the
name of each character in the argument successively. If the resulting macro exists, that definition ap-
plies, otherwise the character is passed through to be rendered by the normal means. For example,
$\vvmathbb{A\imath \alpha\pi c}$ renders as 𝔸𝕚𝛼ℼ𝕔.
The prefix \m@thbbch@r is a carry-over from the txfonts—other alphabets use the simple forms, like \tx@Bbb
for the \vvmathbb letters, \tx@Scr for script letters and \tx@UScr for upright script letters. So, for example,
we have
\tx@BbbA % slot 193 in lettersA
...
\tx@BbbZ % slot 218 in lettersA
\tx@Bbba % slot 225 in lettersA
\tx@Bbbz % slot 250 in lettersA
The corresponding digits are named
\tx@BbbZero % slot 43 in lettersA
...
\tx@BbbNine % slot 52 in lettersA
which may be \let to more convenient forms just as above: e.g., \let\BBNine\tx@BbbNine while in a
\makeatletter block.

12 Samples from free Times and Libertine packages

TXFONTS:

\usepackage{txfonts}

17
 A formula from the LATEX Companion, 2nd Edition, p.390:
n !
X n−1
t[u1 , . . . , un ] = (1 − t)n−k tk−1 uk .
k=1
k − 1

The ISO would prefer that a formula like

Z u
1 2
Φ(u) = √ e−t /2 dt
2π −∞
be typeset instead as
Z u
1 2
Φ(u) = √ e−t /2 dt,
2π −∞
with upright π, e and d. I dislike the look of dt when the slope of t is too
great.

• Complete match between text and math size and weight;

• first formula much too cramped;
• upper limit of integral much too close to integral sign;
• square on 𝑡 in integrand comes very close to colliding with it;
• square root in denominator aligned too far right.

NEWTXFONTS:

\usepackage{newtxtext}
\usepackage{newtxmath}
A formula from the LATEX Companion, 2nd Edition, p.390:
n !
X n−1
t[u1 , . . . , u n ] = (1 − t)n −k t k −1 u k .
k =1
k − 1

The ISO would prefer that a formula like

Z u
1 2
Φ(u) = √ e −t /2 dt
2π −∞
be typeset instead as
Z u
1 2
Φ(u) = √ e −t /2 dt ,
2π −∞
with upright π, e and d. I dislike the look of dt when the slope of t is too
great.

• Complete match between text and math size and weight;

• first formula much less cramped;
• upper limit of integral not too close to integral sign;
• square not too close to 𝑡 in exponent;
• better alignment of square root in denominator.

18
MathTimePro2:

\usepackage{newtxtext}
\usepackage[lite]{mtpro2}
A formula from the LATEX Companion, 2nd Edition, p.390:
n
!
X n 1
t Œu1 ; : : : ; un  D .1 t /n k t k 1 uk :
k 1
kD1

The ISO would prefer that a formula like

Z u
1 2
ˆ.u/ D p e t =2 dt
2 1
be typeset instead as
Z u
1 2
˚.u/ D p e t =2 dt;
2  1
with upright  , e and d. I dislike the look of dt when the slope of t is too
great.

• Complete match between text and math size and weight;

• first formula quite spread out;
• upper limit of integral not too close to integral sign;
• plenty of space between square and 𝑡 in exponent.

Libertine and MathTimePro2:

\usepackage{libertine}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[lite]{mtpro2}
A formula from the LATEX Companion, 2nd Edition, p.390:
n
!
X n 1
t Œu1 ; : : : ; un  D .1 t /n k t k 1 uk :
k 1
kD1

The ISO would prefer that a formula like

Z u
1 2
ˆ.u/ D p e t =2 dt
2 1
be typeset instead as
Z u
1 2
˚.u/ D p e t =2 dt;
2  1
with upright  , e and d. I dislike the look of dt when the slope of t is too
great.

• Mismatch of weight between text and math;

19
 • first formula quite spread out;
• upper limit of integral not too close to integral sign;
• plenty of space between square and 𝑡 in exponent.

Libertine and newtxmath:

\usepackage{libertine}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[libertine]{newtxmath}
A formula from the LATEX Companion, 2nd Edition, p.390:
n !
X n−1
t[u 1 , . . . , un ] = (1 − t)n−k t k −1uk .
k−1
k=1

The ISO would prefer that a formula like

Z u
1 2
Φ(u) = √ e −t /2 dt
2π −∞
be typeset instead as
Z u
1 2
Φ(u) = √ e −t /2 dt ,
2π −∞
with upright π, e and d. I dislike the look of dt when the slope of t is too
great.

• Very good match between text and math in size and weight;
• first formula not cramped;
• upper limit of integral not too close to integral sign;
• space between square and 𝑡 in exponent;
• better alignment of square root in denominator.

Mathptmx:

\usepackage{mathptmx}

20
 A formula from the LATEX Companion, 2nd Edition, p.390:
n  
n−1
t[u1 , . . . , un ] = ∑ (1 − t)n−k t k−1 uk .
k=1 k − 1

The ISO would prefer that a formula like

Z u
1 2
Φ(u) = √ e−t /2 dt
2π −∞
be typeset instead as
Z u
1 2
Φ (u) = √ e−t /2 dt,
2π −∞
with upright π , e and d. I dislike the look of dt when the slope of t is too
great.

• Good match between text and math size and weight, though the summation symbol (from the system
symbol font) is too small and too dark;
• first formula well spread;
• upper limit of integral not too close to integral sign;
• space between square and 𝑡 in exponent;
• there are no upright Greek lowercase letters in this package;
• good alignment of square root in denominator;
• infinity symbol not sufficiently large?
• the package lacks a number of amenities that are present in other packages.

13 Items installed
As well as a collection of PostScript fonts, virtual fonts, font definition files and the central [Link]
and [Link] files, the package contains one map file [Link] that must be enabled for the
package to function correctly. Its name was changed from [Link] to mirror the package name.) The
file [Link] in this distribution provides a manifest of all files installed together with a brief
indication of the sources. (This file is somewhat outdated. The file [Link] adds details about the
sources for the math fonts, though it is rather cursory.)
The font files [Link] and [Link] were derived from [Link] by FontForgery, thick-
ening the Computer Modern braces to match the weight of the txfonts braces. The pair [Link] and
[Link] were similarly derived from [Link] and [Link] to produce more braces and matching
integral signs based on Computer Modern. The .tfm files rtx[b][Link] are simply unslanted versions of
rtxmi, from which we construct upright partial derivative symbols. The last two entries provide us with a
way to access custom-encoded versions of [Link] and [Link] in order to access some of the unen-
coded alternate characters—eg, Greek letters, [Link] and [Link]. The font file [Link] was
created from the Theta symbol in [Link], which requires some FontForge help to look correct.
This version contains optical versions of the math italic and symbol fonts at 7pt and 5pt, allowing better
rendering in \scriptstyle and \scriptscriptstyle.

21
14 Appendix 1: Changes made in version 1.5
• The large delimiters have been modified so match the heights in common usage by cmex10 and
other packages. (Those formerly used by newtxmath were somewhat shorter, resulting in unexpected
behavior of \Big, \bigg, etc.)
• The integrals used in previous versions have been discarded and replaced by an upright and a slanted
form, the latter being the default. The option upint switches to the upright form. (The former
option cmintegrals now has no effect.) Integrals are of three types: small, textstyle and displaystyle.
Each size is available in twelve variants. Assuming slanted (the default) is selected, there are 36
regular-weight forms:

Small Text, Display

∫ ∫
∫ $\smallint$ , $\int$
∬ ∬
∬ $\smalliint$ , $\iint$
∭ ∭
∭ $\smalliiint$ , $\iiint$
⨌ ⨌
⨌ $\smalliiiint$ , $\iiiint$
∮
$\smalloint$ , $\oint$
∮
∮
∯ ∯
∯ $\smalloiint$ , $\oiint$
∰ ∰
∰ $\smalloiiint$ , $\oiiint$
⨏ ⨏
⨏ $\smallfint$ , $\fint$
⨖ ⨖
⨖ $\smallsqint$ , $\sqint$
⨋ ⨋
⨋ $\smallsumint$ , $\sumint$
∲ ∲
∲ $\smallvarointclockwise$ , $\varointclockwise$
∳ ∳
∳ $\smallointctrclockwise$ , $\ointctrclockwise$

• The overly small delimiters ([{ in Times are no longer used in math mode, being replaced by bigger
versions. The former option bigdelims no longer has any effect.
• There is a new option smallerops which chooses smaller renditions (20% smaller in displaystyle,
10% smaller in textstyle) of the bigoperators:
\bigsqcup
\bigodot
\bigoplus
\bigotimes
\sum

22
 \prod
\bigcup
\bigcap
\biguplus
\bigwedge
\bigvee
\bigcupdot
\bigcapplus
\bigsqcupplus
\bigsqcapplus
\bigsqcap
\bigtimes
\coprod
• The dot accents are now taken from a slightly larger series, making available \dot, \ddot, \dddot and
\ddddot. For best horizontal alignment with other accents, choose the option timesmathacc when
loading newtxmath.
• New accents have been added and the old vector accent has been replaced. The new accents are:
\vec ⃗
\lvec ⃖
\lrvec ⃡
\harpoonacc ⃒
\lharpoonacc ⃐
\lrharpoonacc ⃡
\barbar ̄̄
\bartilde ̄̂
\barhat ̄̃
\tildebar ̂̄
\tildetilde ̂̂
\tildehat ̂̃
\hatbar ̃̄
\hattilde ̃̂
\hathat ̃̃

• New glyphs: (B denotes bigger, S denotes smaller)

\cdotB · (cf. \cdot ·)
\cdotBB ·
\circS ◦ (cf. \circ ◦)
\bulletS • (cf. \bullet •)
\bulletSS •
\bulletSSS •
\primeS ′ (cf. \prime ′)

• New macros \setSYdimens and \setEXdimens allow experts to modify some math font dimensions.

23
15 Appendix 2: Changes made in version 1.60
Versions of newtx dated from September, 2019 (1.60 for newtxmath make some quite substantial changes,
mostly to math mode.

16 Goals
Spurred by work of Ross Moore to provide means of generating archivable pdf using pdflatex, the main
goal was to change newtx and newpx to meet the requirements for satisfying the PDF/A-1b standards by
using an appropriate preamble involving the pdfx package and other unicode mapping files. Making these
changes gave me the opportunity to organize the source files to make them more manageable in future
revisions.
A further goal whose time seemed ripe was to rework the spacing of math letters, both Roman and Greek,
so they behaved better in superscripts and subscripts. This did not turn out to be so easy. The problem is
illustrated by math italic j. If you don’t give it enough extra space on the left, it will likely collide with the
D in rendering $D^j$. On the other hand, if you do give it enough space on the left, it will look bad as a
subscript, appearing too far right.
A final goal was to make better use of the remaining space in some of the math fonts by placing some math
alphabets in them, avoiding perhaps a waste of those precious sixteen math families.

17 The important changes

The following changes were made to both newtx and newpx.

17.1 Archivability
Some of the individual font files from which the math fonts are built turned out to have some fairly minor
structural issues. These have all been corrected. The more major issue was the lack of unicode mapping for
all characters in the fonts. For the symbol and math extension fonts, this issue was largely solved by Ross
Moore’s glyphtounicode files that are now accessible as part of TeXLive and MiKTeX. The main problem
was the math alphabets like math italic, bold math italic, upright Greek and slanted Greek, all of which
have now been assigned their own unicode points. For all of these, I constructed new fonts using unicode
names for the glyphs, then made fontinst scripts that renamed those unicode values to the original simple
names as used in the encoding files so that I could use my old encoding and adjustment files. This exercise
has now been carried out for newtxmath, newpxmath, newtxmath/libertine, newtxmath/cochineal,
newtxmath/stix2, newtxmath/xcharter and newtxmath/erewhon. Each of these can now be considered
to have an “enhanced” status that allows them to share all the new assets described below. The other packages
which may be specified as an option to newtxmath (e.g., baskervaldx, baskervillef) must be considered
for the moment to be “unenhanced” and able to share only some of the new assets. In particular, only the
enhanced items can generate archivable pdf.
Also modified were the sups fonts in newtxtext, where the main issue was unicode mapping. Superior number
and some superior letters do have assigned unicode values, but in may cases a more creative approach was
needed, and provided once again by Ross Moore. I rebuilt the superior font files using those unicode names,
solving that particular problem.

24
Here is a sample preamble showing the elements you will need to specify to generate a pdf satisfying the
PDF/A-1b standards, as verified by Adobe Acrobat Pro. (Other verification processes may yield different
outcomes.)
\documentclass[noamsfonts]{amsart} % save 2 math families
\pdfcompresslevel=0
\pdfgentounicode=1
\input [Link]
\usepackage{pdfx} % v 1.6.4 or higher
\InputIfFileExists{[Link]}{}{}
\InputIfFileExists{[Link]}{}{}
\usepackage{newtxtext} %T1 is default encoding
\usepackage[scaled=0.95]{inconsolata} % typewriter
%\usepackage[leqno]{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage[vvarbb]{newtxmath} % vvarbb gives STIX Bbb
Version 1.6.3 of pdfx from February 2019 mishandles math accents. A fix is now available and will become
part of the upcoming pdfx v1.6.4.

17.2 Glyph spacing changes

(For enhanced packages only)I reworked the math italics to improve the rendering of some superscripts.
This affects (a) parentheses, brackets and braces to inhibit clashes; (b) glyphs like j, f, p, y, \rho, \beta and
\mu where a long tail could pose problems intersecting with other glyphs; (c) glyphs like such as D, Q and
\Phi that are round on the right, where interference is most likely to occur with a superscript. Increasing the
left side-bearing of j, etc., helps with superscripts but creates an ugly gap when used as subscripts.
The subscriptcorrection option to newtxmath has been corrected and enhanced so that it now offers a
partial solution the subscript spacing problem. I regret that this option is incompatible with xy-pic, both
depending on making _ an active character. Newtxmath will detect if the xy package is loaded and disable
subscriptcorrection if so. You would have to correct such issues by manually inserting a negative
\mkern. For example, you might put in your preamble something like
\def\jj{\mkern-3mu j}
and then use $x_{\jj}$ instead of $x_j$, turning 𝑥 𝑗 into 𝑥𝑗 .
There are also interactions with pstricks that have to be worked around because subscriptcorrection
redefines _ as an active character, as do parts of pstricks. In particular, the pstricks short forms for
macros like \tbput and \nbput for attaching labels beneath node connections must be avoided.
If you do enable subscriptcorrection, there is a default correction table in the sty file, but the sty file
also looks for a file named, e.g., [Link] if you are using the newtx default math letters. There
is already such a file located in the newtx distribution in the /tex/latex/ folder. If you wish to make
changes to this file, copy the file to your home TeX folder where it will be found by TeX before the one in
the distribution. The entries in the file are lines like
{j}{-3}
each of which will have the same effect as the above macro if the first item in the subscript is j. You can also
specify Greek letters with lines like

25
{\beta}{-1.5}
The complete list of file names recognized for specifying subscript corrections is:
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]

17.3 New glyphs added

(For enhanced packages only) Math family 1 (letters) has been extended from 128 slots to 256, retaining
the OML encoding of the first 128. Most of additional slots have been allocated to a script font from the old
STIX collection and an upright modification of that font. By default, $\mathscr{F}$ will produce ℱ.
• option uprightscript changes the output to ℱ.
In both cases, there are full upper-case and lower-case and dotlessi, dotlessj. To insert the latter, you
can write either $\mathscr{\imath}$ or $\imathscr$, rendered as 𝒾 in the slanted script case.
There are in fact two additional macros, \mathslscr (slanted script) and \mathuscr (upright script) that
may be used. By default, \mathscr is \let to \mathslscr, but, under option uprightscript, \mathscr is
\let to \mathuscr.
The secondary letters font (lettersA) and math family 2 (symbols) have been rearranged. The first of
these continues to have a Fraktur alphabet, but it a modification of its original one, having wider vertical
stems and a blacker appearance more in keeping with the weight Times. Dotlessi and dotlessj have been
added and can be specified in math mode by $\imathfrak$ and $\jmathfrak$—$\mathfrak{\imath}$
also works. There are in addition two subsidiary Bbb alphabets in lettersA, specified by the respective
options vmathbb, vvmathbb, and there are corresponding dotlessi, dotlessj activated by $\imathbb$,
$\jmathbb$, which always render as 𝕚, 𝕛 no matter the choice of which Blackboard Bold Alphabet. If
you select one of the options varbb, vvarbb, you will have Bbb digits 0..9 using, e.g., $\mathbb{1}$ to
get 𝟙.
Among the new symbols added are:
• \hslash, \hbar, \lambdaslash, \lambdabar, \Zbar, \Angstrom are now constructed from the native
glyphs, but only in the enhanced families.
• Euler’s constant $\Euler$ (ℇ).
• Hermitian transpose \hermtransp or \htransp is used like $\mathbf{A}^{\htransp}$ (A⊹ ). This usage
is similar to simple transpose $\mathbf{A}^{\transp}$ (Aᵀ ).
• Independence (in the probabilistic sense) can use \Perp, ⫫, and there is a new \nPerp, ⫫∕ for the

26
negation.

17.4 Adaptive vector accent

The LATEX macro \overrightarrow provides a right arrow with adaptive width, but not matching the
vector head of newtxmath. Likewise, the esvect provides a similar service with a choice of vector
heads, none of which match newtxmath. I’ve added code to provide a matching adaptive vector ac-
cent and which uses the same macro name, \vv, as esvect. For a comparison of these vector accents,
$\vec{XY} \vv{XY} \overrightarrow{XY}$ renders as
⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ −→
𝑋𝑌 ⃗ 𝑋𝑌 − 𝑋𝑌 . ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
• $\vv{AB}$ renders as 𝐴𝐵. ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
$\vv*{AB}{x}$
•⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ renders as 𝐴𝐵𝑥 . This provides better horizontal spacing of subscripts than $\vv{AB}_{x}$,
𝐴𝐵 𝑥 . ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
• You can also do $\vv*{AB}{\vv{CD}}$, which renders as 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .

• You can change the vertical space between the arrow and the accentee by means of the package option
vecsep, whose default value is .25ex.

17.5 Miscellaneous Changes

• The superior letters fonts in newtx have been extended and all glyphs now have appropriate unicode
mappings.
• The AMS fonts replacement, ntxsym corrects the former misplacement of \kbbb, \daleth, \circledR
and \circledS.)

18 Changed Font Tables

18.1 letters

´0 ´1 ´2 ´3 ´4 ´5 ´6 ´7
´00x 𝛤0 𝛥1 𝛩2 𝛬3 𝛯4 𝛱5 𝛴6 𝛶7
˝0x
´01x 𝛷8 𝛹9 𝛺 10 𝛼11 𝛽12 𝛾13 𝛿14 𝜖15
´02x 𝜁16 𝜂17 𝜃 18 𝜄19 𝜅 20 𝜆21 𝜇22 𝜈23
˝1x
´03x 𝜉24 𝜋25 𝜌26 𝜎27 𝜏28 𝜐29 𝜙30 𝜒31
´04x 𝜓32 𝜔33 𝜀 34 𝜗35 𝜛36 𝜚37 𝜍 38 𝜑39
˝2x
´05x ↼40 ↽41 ⇀42 ⇁43 ↩44 ↪45 ⊲46 ⊳47
´06x 048 149 250 351 452 553 654 755
˝3x
´07x 856 957 .58 ,59 <60 /61 >62 ★63
´10x 𝜕64 𝐴65 𝐵66 𝐶67 𝐷 68 𝐸 69 𝐹70 𝐺 71
˝4x
´11x 𝐻72 𝐼73 𝐽74 𝐾75 𝐿 76 𝑀77 𝑁78 𝑂 79
´12x 𝑃80 𝑄 81 𝑅82 𝑆83 𝑇84 𝑈85 𝑉86 𝑊87
˝5x
´13x 𝑋88 𝑌89 𝑍90 ♭91 ♮ 92 ♯93 ⌣94 ⌢95
´14x ℓ96 𝑎 97 𝑏 98 𝑐 99 𝑑100 𝑒 101 𝑓102 𝑔103
˝6x
´15x ℎ104 𝑖 105 𝑗106 𝑘 107 𝑙 108 𝑚 109 𝑛110 𝑜 111
´16x 𝑝 112 𝑞 113 𝑟 114 𝑠115 𝑡 116 𝑢 117 𝑣 118 𝑤 119
˝7x
´17x 𝑥120 𝑦 121 𝑧122 𝚤 123 𝚥124 ℘125 ⃗126 ⁀127

27
´20x 128 𝜘129 130 131 0132 1133 2134 3135
˝8x
´21x 4136 5137 6138 7139 8140 9141 𝒜142 ℬ143
´22x 𝒞144 𝒟145 ℰ146 ℱ147 𝒢148 ℋ149 ℐ150 𝒥151
˝9x
´23x 𝒦152 ℒ153 ℳ154 𝒩155 𝒪156 𝒫157 𝒬158 ℛ159
´24x 𝒮160 𝒯161 𝒰162 𝒱163 𝒲164 𝒳165 𝒴166 𝒵167
˝Ax
´25x 𝒶168 𝒷169 𝒸170 𝒹171 ℯ172 𝒻173 ℊ174 𝒽175
´26x 𝒾176 𝒿177 𝓀178 𝓁179 𝓂180 𝓃181 ℴ182 𝓅183
˝Bx
´27x 𝓆184 𝓇185 𝓈186 𝓉187 𝓊188 𝓋189 𝓌190 𝓍191
´30x 𝓎192 𝓏193 𝒾194 𝒿195 𝒜196 ℬ197 𝒞198 𝒟199
˝Cx
´31x ℰ200 ℱ201 𝒢202 ℋ203 ℐ204 𝒥205 𝒦206 ℒ207
´32x ℳ208 𝒩209 𝒪210 𝒫211 𝒬212 ℛ213 𝒮214 𝒯215
˝Dx
´33x 𝒰216 𝒱217 𝒲218 𝒳219 𝒴220 𝒵221 𝒶222 𝒷223
´34x 𝒸224 𝒹225 ℯ226 𝒻227 ℊ228 𝒽229 𝒾230 𝒿231
˝Ex
´35x 𝓀232 𝓁233 𝓂234 𝓃235 ℴ236 𝓅237 𝓆238 𝓇239
´36x 𝓈240 𝓉241 𝓊242 𝓋243 𝓌244 𝓍245 𝓎246 𝓏247
˝Fx
´37x 𝒾248 𝒿249 250 251 252 253 254 255

˝8 ˝9 ˝A ˝B ˝C ˝D ˝E ˝F

28
18.2 lettersA

´0 ´1 ´2 ´3 ´4 ´5 ´6 ´7
´00x Γ0 Δ1 Θ2 Λ3 Ξ4 Π5 Σ6 Υ7
˝0x
´01x Φ8 Ψ9 Ω10 α11 β12 γ13 δ14 ϵ15
´02x ζ16 η17 θ18 ι19 κ20 λ21 μ22 ν23
˝1x
´03x ξ24 π25 ρ26 σ27 τ28 υ29 ϕ30 χ31
´04x ψ32 ω33 ε34 ϑ35 ϖ36 ϱ37 ς38 φ39
˝2x
´05x 40 41 42 𝟘43 𝟙44 𝟚45 𝟛46 𝟜47
´06x 𝟝48 𝟞49 𝟟50 𝟠51 𝟡52 53 ⊄54 ⊅55
˝3x
´07x ∉56 ∌57 ≔58 ≕59 ≠60 =61 {62 }63
´10x ∂64 𝔄65 𝔅66 ℭ67 𝔇68 𝔈69 𝔉70 𝔊71
˝4x
´11x ℌ72 ℑ73 𝔍74 𝔎75 𝔏76 𝔐77 𝔑78 𝔒79
´12x 𝔓80 𝔔81 ℜ82 𝔖83 𝔗84 𝔘85 𝔙86 𝔚87
˝5x
´13x 𝔛88 𝔜89 ℨ90 ℏ91 ℏ92 ƛ93 Ƶ94 Å95
´14x ℇ96 𝔞97 𝔟98 𝔠99 𝔡100 𝔢101 𝔣102 𝔤103
˝6x
´15x 𝔥104 𝔦105 𝔧106 𝔨107 𝔩108 𝔪109 𝔫110 𝔬111
´16x 𝔭112 𝔮113 𝔯114 𝔰115 𝔱116 𝔲117 𝔳118 𝔴119
˝7x
´17x 𝔵120 𝔶121 𝔷122 𝔦123 𝔧124 𝕚125 𝕛126 ⁀127
´20x 128 ϰ129 130 131 𝔸132 𝔹133 ℂ134 𝔻135
˝8x
´21x 𝔼136 𝔽137 𝔾138 ℍ139 𝕀140 𝕁141 𝕂142 𝕃143
´22x 𝕄144 ℕ145 𝕆146 ℙ147 ℚ148 ℝ149 𝕊150 𝕋151
˝9x
´23x 𝕌152 𝕍153 𝕎154 𝕏155 𝕐156 ℤ157 𝕒158 𝕓159
´24x 𝕔160 𝕕161 𝕖162 𝕗163 𝕘164 𝕙165 𝕚166 𝕛167
˝Ax
´25x 𝕜168 𝕝169 𝕞170 𝕟171 𝕠172 𝕡173 𝕢174 𝕣175
´26x 𝕤176 𝕥177 𝕦178 𝕧179 𝕨180 𝕩181 𝕪182 𝕫183
˝Bx
´27x 𝕚184 𝕛185 𝚤186 𝚥187 𝑔188 𝑦189 𝑣190 𝑤191
´30x 192 𝔸193 𝔹194 ℂ195 𝔻196 𝔼197 𝔽 198 𝔾199
˝Cx
´31x ℍ200 𝕀201 𝕁202 𝕂203 𝕃204 𝕄205 ℕ206 𝕆207
´32x ℙ208 ℚ209 ℝ210 𝕊211 𝕋212 𝕌213 𝕍214 𝕎215
˝Dx
´33x 𝕏216 𝕐217 ℤ218 ℾ219 ℿ220 ℽ221 ℼ222 223

´34x 224 𝕒225 𝕓226 𝕔227 𝕕228 𝕖229 𝕗230 𝕘231

˝Ex
´35x 𝕙232 𝕚233 𝕛234 𝕜235 𝕝236 𝕞237 𝕟238 𝕠239
´36x 𝕡240 𝕢241 𝕣242 𝕤243 𝕥244 𝕦245 𝕧246 𝕨247
˝Fx
´37x 𝕩248 𝕪249 𝕫250 ƛ251 252 253 254 255

˝8 ˝9 ˝A ˝B ˝C ˝D ˝E ˝F

29
18.3 symbols

´0 ´1 ´2 ´3 ´4 ´5 ´6 ´7
´00x −0 ·1 ×2 ∗3 ÷4 ⋄5 ±6 ∓7
˝0x
´01x ⊕8 ⊖9 ⊗10 ⊘11 ⊙12 ⃝13 ◦14 •15
´02x ≍16 ≡17 ⊆18 ⊇19 ≤20 ≥21 ⪯22 ⪰23
˝1x
´03x ∼24 ≈25 ⊂26 ⊃27 ≪28 ≫29 ≺30 ≻31
´04x ←32 →33 ↑34 ↓35 ↔36 ↗37 ↘38 ≃39
˝2x
´05x ⇐40 ⇒41 ⇑42 ⇓43 ⇔44 ↖45 ↙46 ∝47
´06x ′48 ∞49 ∈50 ∋51 △52 ▽53 ̸54 ↦55
˝3x
´07x ∀56 ∃57 ¬58 ∅59 ℜ60 ℑ61 ⊤62 ⊥63
´10x ℵ64 A65 B66 C67 D68 E69 F70 G71
˝4x
´11x H72 I73 J74 K75 L76 M77 N78 O79
´12x P80 Q81 R 82 S83 T84 U85 V86 W87
˝5x
´13x X88 Y89 Z90 ∪91 ∩92 ⊎93 ∧94 ∨95
´14x ⊢96 ⊣97 ⌊98 ⌋ 99 ⌈100 ⌉ 101 {102 }103
˝6x
´15x ⟨104 ⟩105 | 106 ∥ 107 ↕108 ⇕109 \110 ≀111
´16x √112 ⨿113 ∇114 ∫ 115 ⊔116 ⊓117 ⊑118 ⊒119
˝7x
´17x §120 †121 ‡122 ¶123 ♣124 ♦125 ♥126 ♠127
´20x ∫128 ∬129 ∭130 ∮131 ∯132 ∰133 ∲134 ∳135
˝8x
´21x ⨋136 ⨌137 ⨏138 ⨖139 ∫140 ∬141 ∭142 ∮143
´22x ∯144 ∰145 ∲146 ∳147 ⨋148 ⨌149 ⨏150 ⨖151
˝9x
´23x ∏152 ∑153 ∄154 ∅155 ∅156 /157 `158 ´159
´24x ˆ160 ˜161 ¯162 ˘163 ̇164 ̈165 ˚166 ˇ167
˝Ax
´25x ⃛168 ⃖169 ⃒170 ⃐171 ⃡172 ⃡173 ⃗174 ͡175
´26x ͡︁176 ͡︂177 ͡︃178 ͡︄179 ͐͡180 ͡︁͐181 ͡︂͐182 ͡︃͐183
˝Bx
´27x ͡︄͐184 (185 )186 [187 ] 188 ̄̄189 ̄̂190 ̄̃191
´30x ̂̄192 ̂̂193 ̂̃194 ̃̄195 ̃̂196 ̃̃197 ⃗198 ⃗199
˝Cx
´31x ⃜200 ⟦201 ⟧202 ᵀ203 ⊹204 ⫫205 ⫫∕206 +207
´32x ·208 ·209 ◦210 •211 •212 •213 ′214 215
˝Dx
´33x 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223

˝8 ˝9 ˝A ˝B ˝C ˝D ˝E ˝F

30
18.4 A sample [Link]
You may either copy the entire block below, starting with the line \begin{... and ending after the line
beginning \end{ and pasting it into the top of your document before the \documentclass... line, which
will allow for easy editing and will write the file to the same folder as your document, or make your own file,
omitting those outer two lines.
\begin{filecontents*}{[Link]}
{f}{-3}
{j}{-3}
{p}{-1}
{y}{-1}
{A}{-3}
{B}{-1}
{D}{-1}
{H}{-1}
{I}{-1}
{K}{-1}
{L}{-1}
{M}{-1}
{N}{-0.5}
{P}{-1}
{X}{-1}
{\rho}{-1.5}
{\mu}{-1}
\end{filecontents*}

The ebgaramond option to newtxmath

As ebgaramond has an x-height considerably smaller than newtx, some amount of scaling is useful to bridge
the gap. In making the replacement letters, I increased the size of the EBGaramond letters by 5%, so make
some scaling combination that compensates for this. The weights of ebgaramond used in the substitutions
were regular and semibold. This dictates one of the options used for ebgaramond.
Example preamble:

\usepackage[lining,semibold,scaled=1.05]{ebgaramond}
% Latex BOLD renders with ebgaramond semibold
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % best for Western European languages
\usepackage{textcomp} % required to get special symbols
\usepackage[varqu,varl]{inconsolata}% a typewriter font must be defined
\usepackage{amsthm}% must be loaded before newtxmath
\usepackage[ebgaramond,vvarbb,subscriptcorrection]{newtxmath} % STIX Bbb
\usepackage{bm}% load after all math to give access to bold math

31