TEST 19

Reading
Task 1
Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (1-5). There are three choices you do not need to
use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.
VEGETARIAN DIET
1. Vegetarians are people who choose not to eat meat. This includes all animal meat, poultry, and
fish. Many vegetarians also avoid other animal products such as gelatin, rennet (used in making
cheese), and animal fats (often used in cooking).
Vegetarians that include eggs and dairy products in their diets are known as ovo-lactovegetarians.
People who do not eat any animal product (including honey) are called vegans. Semi- or partial
vegetarians sometimes eat meat (usually poultry or fish).
2. A well-planned vegetarian diet has health benefits. Vegetarians are less likely to have heart
disease, gallstones, or be overweight. Being overweight is associated with other health problems
like adult-onset diabetes, so a vegetarian diet may have additional benefits. Vegetarians are also
less likely to have a stroke and certain types of cancer. Teenage vegetarians do not have growth
problems and will reach a normal adult weight and height. Planning a healthy vegetarian diet
takes additional time, however, compared to the diet of a meat-eater.
3. If the diet is well-planned, a vegetarian diet is safe for children, teens, and adults. If a vegetarian
diet is too restricted, it may be unhealthy for a child. Some nutrients may be missing from the
diet. For example, if a child eats soda pop, potato chips and meatless pizza, nutrients such as iron
and calcium are likely to be lacking in the diet. Vegetarians may need to make a special effort to
get enough calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin D, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12.
4. One of the most important measures of a healthy vegetarian diet is measuring your child’s weight
and height. If your child is not getting enough calories, their weight will not follow the usual
growth patterns for children. The rate of increase in height should remain at a pace that will lead
to an adult height that is similar to the average height of both parents.
If your child is not getting enough vitamins or minerals, they may have symptoms such as: skin
rashes, a painful, swollen tongue, fatigue, irritability, pale skin, mental slowness, difficult
breathing. Check with your doctor if you are worried about vitamin or mineral deficiency.
5. Infants and toddlers require many calories in order to grow at the normal rate. At about 7 to 8
months of age, babies are ready to start eating protein-rich foods. Instead of pureed meats,
vegetarian infants should be given protein alternatives such as pureed legumes (peas, beans,
lentils), cottage cheese, pureed tofu, and yoghurt. Also, make sure your toddler eats high-calorie
vegetarian foods such as nuts (chopped in small pieces), olives, dates and avocados so he/she will
get enough calories. Most importantly, make sure your child eats a wide variety of foods. The
diets of older children and adolescents should be closely watched to make sure that they are eating
a variety of foods.
A How can you help your child eat healthfully?
B What vegetarian foods does the diet provide?
C Will your child get all the proper nutrients on a vegetarian diet?
D How do you know if your child is eating healthfully?
E What do typical vegetarian diets usually include?
F What is a vegetarian?
G When should you call your child’s health-care provider?
H What are the advantages of a vegetarian diet?
 Task 2
Read the text below. For questions (6-10) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Write your
answers on the separate answer sheet.
EARLY HISTORY OF CHOCOLATE
The earliest record of chocolate was over fifteen hundred years ago in the Central American
rainforests, where the tropical mix of high rainfall combined with high year-round temperatures and
humidity provide the ideal climate for cultivation of the plant from which chocolate is derived, the
cacao tree.
The cacao tree was worshipped by the Mayan civilisation of Central America and southern Mexico,
who believed it to be of divine origin. Cacao is actually a Mayan word meaning “God Food”, hence
the tree’s modern generic Latin name “Theobroma Cacao” meaning “Food of the Gods”. Cacao was
corrupted into the more familiar “cocoa” by the early European explorers. The Maya brewed a spicy,
bitter sweet drink by roasting and pounding the seeds of the cacao tree (cocoa beans) with maize and
capsicum (chilli) peppers and letting the mixture ferment. This drink was reserved for use in
ceremonies as well as for drinking by the wealthy and religious elite, they also ate a cacao porridge.
The Aztecs of central Mexico also prized the beans, but because the Aztecs lived further north in more
arid regions at higher altitudes, where the climate was not suitable for cultivation of the tree, they had
to acquire the beans through trade and/or the spoils of war. The Aztecs prized the beans so highly they
used them as currency – 100 beans bought a turkey or a slave – and tribute or taxes were paid in cocoa
beans to Aztec emperors. The Aztecs, like the Mayans, also enjoyed cacao as a beverage fermented
from the raw beans, which again featured prominently in ritual and as a luxury available only to the
very wealthy. The Aztecs called this drink “xocolatl”, the Spanish conquistadors found this almost
impossible to pronounce and so corrupted it to the easier “chocolat”, the English further changed this
to “chocolate”.
The Aztecs regarded chocolate as an aphrodisiac and their emperor Montezuma reputedly drank it
fifty times a day from a golden goblet and is quoted as saying of xocolatl: “The divine drink, which
builds up resistance and fights fatigue. A cup of this precious drink permits a man to walk for a whole
day without food”.
In fact, the Aztecs prized xocolatl well above gold and silver so much so that when Montezuma was
defeated by Cortez in 1519 and the victorious “conquistadors” searched his palace for the Aztec
treasury expecting to find gold & silver, all they found were huge quantities of cocoa beans. The Aztec
treasury consisted not of precious metals, but of cocoa beans.

6. The ideal conditions for growing cacao trees are provided by _________
A rainfall and humidity.
B humidity and high temperatures.
C heavy rainfall, hot weather and humidity.
D high altitude and frost.
7. Chocolate _________
A grows on cacao trees.
B is derived from cacao trees.
C is cultivated in the rainforests.
D was worshipped by ancient Romans.
8. The Mayan people used their cacao seeds _________
A only for worshipping.
B for brewing a beverage,
C for preparing drinks and other dishes.
D for make-up.
9. Why did the Aztecs have cacao beans?
A Because they grew cacao trees.
B Because they cultivated land in the north.
C Because they bought them from other tribes.
D The early European explorers presented them.
10. The word “chocolate” comes from the name
A “Theobroma Cacao”.
B “xocolatl”.
C “Food of the Gods”.
D “Central America”.
 Task 3
Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (11-16). There are two choices you do not need to
use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.
MEXICO’S BEST PLACES FOR FAMILY BEACH HOLIDAYS
Mexico offers a great chance to combine resort amenities, beautiful beaches, plus cultural interest.
Families love to have a vacation at beach resorts in Mexico, especially at all-inclusives that offer
watersports, kids programmes, entertainment, and of course meals, snacks, and drinks. Below find
several of Mexico’s best spots.
11. Mexico’s Best: Mayan Riviera
The 130 km stretch of coast south of Cancun extending to Tulum is arguably Mexico’s best
destination for family beach holidays. All-inclusive resorts dot the coast, with all the usual
amenities plus some elaborate pool complexes. Outings are terrific: snorkelling on the second-
largest barrier reef in the world; visiting the extensive ruins at Tulum and Coba, where kids learn
about Mayan history; day-trips to the unique “eco-archeological” theme park, Xcaret, or sister
park Xel-há, or to “cenotes” ... So much to do.
12. Mazatlán for Families
Moving over to Mexico’s west coast: Mazatlán has been one of Mexico’s best tourist draws for
decades, and has long stretches of beach, a historic downtown, a busy tourist zone, an aquarium,
water park, and reputation for sportfishing. Families can find a couple of “playas” (beaches) with
calm waters, in other areas, kids can learn to surf.
13. Puerto Vallarta for Families
South of Mazatlán and north of Acapulco, about mid-way on Mexico’s Pacific coast, Puerto
Vallarta has nearly 30 miles of golden sand. Watersports include snorkelling and surfing, plus
kayaking, windsurfing, parasailing, sportfishing. Visitors can explore an old town with
cobblestone streets, and ogle the mansions that belonged to Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton
back in the days when they put “PV” on the map. Jungle and canopy tours are nearby.
14. Riviera Nayarit
Until recently, the stretch of Mexico’s west coast north of Puerto Vallarta was an off-the-beaten-
path area where surfers might go for an unspoiled break. Now, this 130-mile stretch of coast and
lush tropics is called the Riviera Nayarit, and more visitors are coming to enjoy its white-sand
beaches, many of which have good surfing. Some resorts have been built, but development is still
at an early stage – which may be just what some families want. (And you can find serious
pampering, plus kids’ club, at the Four Seasons Resort Punta Mita.)
15. Los Cabos
The long Baja California peninsula extends about half-way down the west side of Mexico, and at
the bottom tip sits this popular vacation spot. Los Cabos has two “Cabos” (“Capes”): San Jose
del Cabo, and (the party town) Cabo San Lucas, connected by a 17-mile “Corridor” with resorts
and golf courses. Los Cabos offers whale-watching in winter; some good snorkelling; horse-
riding; and sightseeing in the artists’ town of Todos Santos. Currents can be strong at the beaches,
so choose your resort carefully if you want a swimmable beach.
16. Merida
Kids interested in the “lost” Maya civilization will be delighted to find the culture thriving in a
modern city. The zocalo is always a spot of family activity, and the city sponsors nightly cultural
events around the historic centre, from traditional Yucatecan dancing to guitar trovas (trios) to
 folkloric ballet to serenades; every Sunday, downtown streets close for a full day of concerts,
feasts, puppet shows and dancing. The anthropology museum, in the ornate Palacio Canton, is
small enough to keep kids engaged with its displays of limestone jaguars, skulls with jade-
encrusted teeth, stelae and sacrificial, instruments.
(By Teresa Plowright)
This place is ideal if _________
A you want to indulge in the world of national music and dancing.
B you are crazy about fishing.
C you are a very skillful swimmer and aren’t afraid of a strong water tide.
D your task is to learn about the race of people living in America when Europeans arrived.
E you need to practise the sport of riding on the crest or along the tunnel of a wave.
F you dream about having a rest in a lagoon.
G you have decided to examine the old residence of famous movie stars.
H you enjoy uncrowded beaches.
 Task 4
Read the text below. Choose from (A-H) the one which best fits each space (17-22). There are
two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.
THE LEVIATHAN WHALE
The world of paleontology was recently shaken by the discovery of a giant sperm whale fossil in Peru.
The whale was quickly called the “Leviathan” in honour of Moby Dick’s author Herman Melville. Its
size is staggering. The whale’s head was larger (17) ………………. This whale is said to have been up to
58 feet wide, much like the modern sperm whale (18) ………………. But whereas the modern sperm whale
does not have teeth on the top of its gums, this ancient whale had teeth that were over 14 inches long!
They are the largest teeth ever found in a whale fossil. Scientists speculate (19) ………………. The fossil
was found by Klaas Post in Peru’s Pisco basin. It has now been mounted under the supervision of Dr
Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi at the Museum of Natural History in Peru.
The whale species is referred to as raptorial – that is, it was always hunting. Its skull is about three
times the size of today’s killer whales, (20) ……………… but typically in packs. Leviathan whales needed
no company to do their hunting. When a Leviathan whale grabbed a smaller whale, its teeth probably
did an enormous amount of damage with the first bite.
Giant shark fossils have been found nearby as well, suggesting that the Leviathan whale had stiff
competition in its pursuit of food. Clearly the rise of such enormous creatures meant that the ancient
Peruvian seas (21) ……………… 12 or 13 million years ago. Indeed, we might be happy that we were not
around to meet the Leviathan whale. Its skull literally could have crushed us or a boat!
Today’s sperm whales prefer to dive deep for squid, and use the suction force of their mouths to draw
in food. Much smaller lower-jaw teeth are used for quarrels with other whales (22) ………………. Whew!
One can only imagine that our feelings towards whales today would be much less warm if Leviathans
still roamed the seas.

A is the source of different food

B that the whale fed on other whales
C than a human being
D that is attacking the fish
E that descended from it
F were rich sources of nutrition
G which do hunt other whales
H rather than hunting
 Use of English
Task 5
Read the text below. For questions (23-32) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Write your
answers on the separate answer sheet.
It’s often thought in conversation between two or more people, that one person talking (23) ………………
others are listening. Sadly, this is not the truth in a (24) ……………… of situations. People can get
distracted from other people’s voices, by their own thoughts, by creating a plan of what to say next,
or by many other variables. Active listening is a (25) ……………… of structured way of conversing,
especially between two people, where focus is on truly hearing the communications of the other
person. It’s a conversation model (26) ……………… in many settings.
The easiest way to understand active listening is to think of it in a one-to-one conversation model.
While one person speaks, the other listens, and they do so with great attention (27) ……………… the
speaker. The listener gives (28) ……………… of continued focus, like nodding in agreement, saying “uh-
huh” or “yeah” occasionally, and tries to withhold any personal reaction that might (29) ……………… if
the experience (30) ……………… negative or difficult emotions. The goal remains to keep centred on
what the speaker is trying to communicate while withholding judgment.
There is a place to talk in an active listening model. Listeners can (31) ……………… the flow of
conversation by asking questions of the speaker or by paraphrasing some of what the speaker has said.
This helps the speaker (32) ……………… on his or her own words and clarify them, retract them or
continue with more detail to explain the issue at hand.

A B C D
23 means predicts foretells says
24 kind type variety divisions
25 type way happening brand
26 prompted suggested used implied
27 at to in on
28 queues notions cues twists
29 take part evolve appear occur
30 sparks off sparks in sparks by sparks around
31 devote praise dispirit encourage
32 show reflect put suggest
 Task 6
Read the text below. For questions (33-42) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Write your
answers on the separate answer sheet.
CARIBBEAN ISLANDS
In this case movies tell the truth – thousands of sunken ships and hidden pirate treasures are yet (33)
……………… in this region, making Caribbean Islands (34) ……………… destination for all treasure hunters.
Pirates of the Caribbean became a legend they managed (35) ……………… in fear the whole region (36)
……………… incredible gold, jewellery and money supply. In 16th-century Spain, world’s leading marine
country, explored new rich lands that cover the area of modern California and down to South America.
This land was not only rich in minerals, (37) ……………… full of Aztec and Incas treasures. Spanish
conquerors called this land Spanish Main and started (38) ……………… all treasures, directing them to
Spain. The way to Spain (39) ……………… through the Caribbean where strong and reckless pirates (40)
……………… for the victims. Indeed the ships were very rich! For example, when Sir Francis Drake
ambushed Nombre de Dios in 1572, his loot was 15 tons of gold and a countless number of silver
coins! Not all treasures from boarded ships (41) ……………… by pirates as often ships (42) ………………
quickly, so treasure hunting in this region is potentially extremely profitable.

A B C D
33 to find finding to be found find
34 more popular the most popular most popular popular
35 keep keeping to keep to have kept
36 accumulating accumulated accumulation to accumulate
37 as well but also and also
38 loot to be looted looted looting
39 laid lain lied lay
40 had waited were waiting waited waiting
41 took had taken had been taken were taken
42 sank were sinking had sunk sinking
 WRITING
43. Your physical education teacher asked you to write an essay discussing pros and cons of
team sports.
Write:
— whether you and your friends play sports; what sports you play;
— whether you like playing in a team or you prefer exercising on your own;
— what the advantages and disadvantages of playing sports in a team are;
— give advice on how to develop skills working in a team.
Write an essay of at least 100 words.