Nick
Hamshaw and Elaine Dorsett
Cambridge International
AS & A Level Mathematics:
Mechanics
Worked Solutions Manual
θ
11
180 − θ
8
180 − ϕ
12
ϕ
s (m)
30
0
10 t (s)
s (m)
30
0
20 t (s)
s (m)
0
t (s)
−10
s (m)
300
0
30 50 t (s)
−200
s (m)
200
0
10 t (s)
s (m)
200
0
10 t (s)
s (m)
175
100
75
0
5 15 t (s)
s (m)
1.25
0
0.5 1 2.5 t (s)
−18.75
s (m)
187.5
37.5
0
5 15 t (s)
s (m)
85
60
0
6 11 t (s)
s (m)
0
5 7 t (s)
−20
−60
s (m)
68
50
0
4 27 33 t (s)
−88
−100
s (m)
3000
0
t (s)
s (m)
5000
0
40 t (s)
v (m s−1)
15
0
5 t (s)
v (m s−1)
2
0
6 t (s)
v (m s−1)
0
t (s)
−4
v (m s−1)
0
20 t (s)
v (m s−1)
20
0
4 5 t (s)
−20
−21
v (m s−1)
0
0.5 5.5 t (s)
−5
v (m s−1)
0
6 21 t (s)
−30
v (m s−1)
35
0
7 10.5 t (s)
v (m s−1)
10
0
2 7 t (s)
−8
s (m)
20
0
2 7 t (s)
−20
v (m s−1)
0
2.5 5 t (s)
s (m)
20
17.5
0
2.5 5 t (s)
v (m s−1)
4
0
5 17 t (s)
−6
s (m)
20
0
5 9 17 t (s)
−16
v (m s−1)
10
0
2 3 t (s)
−20
s (m)
20
5
0
2 3 t (s)
v (m s−1)
1.4
0
2.5 9.5 t (s)
−1.75
−2.25
s (m)
5
4.9
0
2.5 9.5 t (s)
v (m s−1)
30
15
0 5 t (s)
v (m s−1)
T
30
0 T 6 t (s)
s (m)
135
54
0
6 15 t (s)
v (m s−1)
0
T1 T 1 + T2 552 t (s)
60
100
R
p+p+p+p 200
F 2200
F = combined force from sailors
a m s−2
150 200
3 m s−2
450 D
0.2 m s−2
R 1000
a m s−2
120 150
a m s−2
500
10000
a m s−2
1000 20 000
a m s−2
1800 21000
a m s−2
R 10
a m s−2
80
a m s−2
20 000 D
a m s−2
1000 D
0.01
a m s−2
0.05 × 10
240
a m s−2
12 × 10
a m s−2
0.4 × 10
0.8
a m s−2
0.5 × 10
−1.5 m s−2
0.01 × 10
a m s−2
0.3 × 10 + 0.15
0.15
a m s−2
0.3 × 10
2330
a m s−2
70 × 10
a m s−2
2 × 10 + R
a m s−2
2 × 10
R
a m s−2
70 × 10 = 700
a = −3.5 m s−2
30 × 10 = 300
R
5.12 m s−2
40 × 10 = 400
a = 2 m s−2
35 × 10 = 350
R + 1800
0 m s−2
200 × 10 = 2000
R
a = 0.1 m s−2
0.7 × 10 = 7
a = −2 m s−2
75 × 10 = 750
a = 4 m s−2
45 × 10 = 450
a = −11 m s−2
4 × 10 = 40
a m s−2
40
a m s−2
20 × 10 = 200
0.2 m s−2
R 60
0.4
a m s−2
0.3 × 10 = 3
a m s−2
400 4000
a m s−2
1000 4000
−0.015125 m s−2
50
a m s−2
60 × 10 = 600
2000
a m s−2
600
a m s−2
1200 D
27 s−2
− m
2
R + 0.1 × 10
0.35
a m s−2
0.1 × 10 = 1
a m s−2
200
a m s−2
200 + 2000 = 2200
a m s−2
0.3 × 10 = 3
am s−2
2 10
am s−2
310
am s−2
30 × 10 = 300
am s−2
R
R
5.5 m s−2
3 × 10 = 30
v(m s−1)
0
1 1.36 t (s)
−10
−12
15
15sin 40° (up)
40°
15cos 40
° (Right)
12sin 55° 12
(up)
55°
12cos 55° (left)
8cos20° (left)
20°
8sin20°
(down) 8
21cos70° (right)
70°
21sin70°
21
(down)
13sin35° (right)
13cos35° 13
(up)
35°
65°
80cos65° 80
(down)
80sin65° (right)
85°
8.5 8.5cos85°
(down)
8.5sin85° (left)
120sin70° 120
(up)
110°
70°
120cos70°
(left)
F
Fy
20°
Fx = 10
Fx
Fy = 8
F
25°
F
Fy = 8
θ
Fx = 10
25
Fy
17
3.8
y = 3
F
θ
F
x
R
30
10°
F
20
850
θ
700
750g
R
F
15°
10
50
R
4000
20°
5000g
θ
56
ϕ
17 15
5
3
θ ϕ
4 8
R 1600sinθ
θ
F
400
6.5
144°
36°
6.5cos36°
3.8
161°
19°
3.8cos19°
42cos25° 42
25°
65°
12.3
12.3cos42°
42°
48°
4.5cos31°
4.5
31°
F
10 50°
R F
15°
15° 3g
R 50
17°
F
17° 8g
R
F3
10° F2
15°
10° F1
425
20g
θ
11
180 − θ
8
180 − ϕ
12
30 θ1 θ2 40
30
θ1 θ1
5g
θ2
40
5g
θ T
T θ
θ 20
40°
7g
20
40°
7g
40
50°
130°
F
180° − θ 35
25
150° 100°
110°
T2 T1
T1
120°
90° 10
150°
T2
θ
ϕ 8
10
a
R 20N
14°
5gN
a = 0.3 m s−2
R
T
6°
2g N
R
1.2 20
10g
40
15°
30
3000 N
20° direction
500 N
10° of motion
T
North
2000 T
0.1
30°
θ
1000
T
R 20°
13°
200g N
F
a
20° 70°
70°
20
20°
R
a
3
40°
2
0.8g
R 30
a
15°
10
25g
10°
10°
3g
R
15
9°
5
9°
70g
R
a
θ
θ mg
a 130
10°
15°
T
N
60°
a 30°
10°
5000
R
a
F
30°
5
9g
a
R
34°
100
34°
1200g
θ
4g R
20
R
500
120° 60°
θ
200
R
θ
10°
20
35
110°
10° 60°
15
4.019...
500
250
40°
350
θ
2.712...
82.7008...
R
238.815...
91.00122...
Wsin50° + 150sin20°
150cos20
° +
Wcos50°
40°
R
θ
44
60°
θ
F
30
a R 15
40°
5
18g
N
360 400
5°
8°
R
T 5°
5°
300g
32
24
20°
45
T
0.7
13°
13°
18g
R
12°
12°
8g
R a
12°
20
12°
8g
R
a
8
35°
2.4
50g
65
a 16°
10°
10°
10g
R
10°
10g
R
a
180 × 4
600g
R F
θ
mg
R
30°
30°
mg
R
48
θ
55
v(m s−1)
0 5 30 40 t(s)
R
20°
20° mg
29
70°
25
17
R
25 N
20°
F
R
F
15°
15° 14g
R
50
15°
15° 14g
R
F
20
10°
15°
15° 14g
15
20°
15°
F
15° 14g
R
14°
14°
4g
P + F
R
25°
25°
3g
25°
F
25°
3g
R + L
400
20°
F
20° 100g
R
500
18°
F
200g
R
5°
200
5°
150g
R
F + 25
20°
20°
30g
100
40°
F
2g + R
200
40°
F
R + 2g
R1
T
60°
F
R2 + 3g
R
F
a
15°
15° 3000g
R
50
30°
F
8g
a R
15
5°
F
2g
R
2 20
10°
F
3g
R
F + 50
22°
22°
80g
R
1000
a
6°
F
6°
200g
a R
F 250
50g
R
a 230
25°
F
50g
0 140
F 20° 150
120g
R
a
F 150
120g
R
a
10°
F
10°
80g
15°
15°
3g
R 20
15°
15°
3g
R
13 000
35°
F
35°
1250g
R
F 25°
25°
5g
R
F
a
12°
12°
0.2g
a
12°
F
12°
0.2g
R F
29°
29°
3.5g
R F
T 10°
18°
18°
4g
R
F1
θ
F2
θ
mg
µ µ
µ
µ
µ µ
µ
µ
µ
µ
µ
µ
µ µ
µ
R
F1
θ
F2
θ
mg
R
80
F 15°
17g
C 500
120g
P
C
l
12°
12°
20g
C
13°
4000 5°
5°
mg
C T
l
θ
12g
µ
R
P + F1
25°
F2
25°
15g
R
40
a
13°
F
13°
4.3g
R
F
5°
5°
5000g
R
θ
F
49g
5
3
θ
4
R
F
16°
16°
1.3g
R
F
27°
27°
1.3g
R
26
24
9° 39°
3g
R
C
34°
20
F
34°
34°
9g
R
20°
F
20°
6g
R
F
20°
20°
6g
R
15°
F
15°
8g
R
P + F1
25°
F2
25°
0.6g
Whole system Trailer Tractor
R R2 R1
40N 40N
400N T 400N
T
120000 N 20000 N 100000 N
Whole system Box 2 Box 1
R R2 R1
20N T
T 20N
250N 100N 150N
Whole system Trailer Truck
R R2 R1
40N 40N 120N
300N T 300N
120N T
28000 N 8000 N 20000 N
Whole system Trailer Truck
R R2 R1
80N 300N 80N 120N
T 300N
120N T
40000N 20000N 20000N
Whole system Caravan Car
R R2 R1
80N D 20N
80N T D
20N T
32000 N 12000 N 20000 N
T1
Bucket 1
Whole system
T1
120N T2
T2
240N
Bucket 2
120N
Whole system
T1 T1 T1 T1
Bar
50N 10N T2
T2
Mass
40N
Whole system
R
10 000 N
350 000 N
5 × 2000 N
2 000 000 N
Last carriage Next to last carriage
R5 R4
2000 N
2000 N T5 T4
T5
200 000 N 200 000 N
Whole system Caravan
0N
R 1 20 R1 T
N
20
N N
80 80
θ θ
25 000 N 6000 N
Whole system Caravan
0N N
R 25 N 80
20 R1
N
80
θ θ
25 000 N 6000 N
Whole system Caravan
N N
R 20 N 80
80 R1
DF
0N
q −5 q
24000N 6000N
R
T
F
T
40 N
30 N
F
T1 T2
T1 T2
40 N
50 N 30 N
R T
F
30°
40N
30N
R2
R1 T
T F
30 N
30°
40 N
Whole system 2 kg box 0.4 kg box 0.6 kg box
T1 T1 T2 T3
30N 20N T 2 T 3 4N 6N
R
T
30N
50N
R T
30°
40 N
10 N
µ
m kg particle 5 kg particles
T T T
θ θ
10m 50 N
km kg particle m kg particles
T T T
30° 30°
10km 10m
3 kg mass 2 kg mass 4 kg mass
T2 R T1
T2
T1
Fr
30 N 20 N 40 N
µ
Particle A Particle B
R T
T
R
30°
3N 60°
3N
Cylinder Mass
T T T
40 N 30 N
Overall system L ower shelf
T1 T1 T1 T1 T2 T2 T2 T2
10 N 2 N 10 N 10 N
Whole system Lift Crate
5000N 5000N R
10m 200 N 10m R 200 N
Whole system Lift Crate
T T R
3000N 200N 3000N R 200N
Whole system Lift Crate
T T R
4600N 400N 4600N R 400N
Whole system
4620 N
10m 200 N 100 N 50 N
Third box Second box First box
R3 R2 R1
50N R3 100N R2 200N
Man Whole system
820 N 11 070 N
800 N 10m 800 N
Whole system
4992 N
750 N 30 N 20 N 4000 N
Box Ball
R
T T
F
30°
80N 120N
Whole system Car
R R1
10 N T
DF DF
30 N 30 N
24 000 N 18 000 N
Crate Platform
R 10 N
150 N 50 N R
A B
R
T
T
30°
5N 5N
A B
R T
F T
5 N 25 N
µ
Crate Ball Second pulley
T T
T T
θ θ
200 N 300 N
4 m 10m
2 m
θ
µ
Particle A Particle B
R T
T
F
30°
5N 25N
µ
µ
µ
Particle A Particle B
R1 T R2
F1
T F2
30° 20N
20N
v
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 t
−5
−10
−15
Particle P Particle Q
R T
F T
30N 50N
Whole system Engine Carriage
R R1 R2
4N 4N
10N F 10N T
BF T
100N 40N 60N
Travelling up
wards
R
F
25°
40 N
R
20°
1N
before after
5 ms−1 0 ms−1 0.5 ms−1 2.75 ms−1
25 kg m kg 25 kg m kg
before after
−1 −1 −1
12 m s 8 m s 10 m s 10 m s−1
m1 kg m2 kg m1 kg m2 kg
before
5 m s−1 0 m s−1 0 m s−1
4 kg 1 kg 2 kg
after first impact
u m s−1 0 m s−1
5 kg 2 kg
after second impact
v m s−1 5 m s−1
5 kg 2 kg
before after
4 m s−1 v m s−1 5 m s−1
66 kg 6 kg 60 kg
before after
u m s−1 2 m s−1 2.3 m s−1
60 kg 40 kg 100 kg
before after
2 m s−1 1 m s−1 v m s−1 (v + 1) m s−1
0.3 kg 0.5 kg 0.3 kg 0.5 kg
before after
2 m s−1 1 m s−1 v m s−1 (v + 1) m s−1
0.3 kg 0.5 kg 0.3 kg 0.5 kg
before after
2 m s−1 1 m s−1 v m s−1 (v + 1) m s−1
0.3 kg 0.5 kg 0.3 kg 0.5 kg
before after
2 m s−1 1 m s−1 v m s−1 (v + 1) m s−1
0.3 kg 0.5 kg 0.3 kg 0.5 kg
before after
4 m s−1 4 m s−1 u m s−1
3 kg 2 kg 5 kg
before after
5 m s−1 7 m s−1 u m s−1
(40000 + 4(50000)) kg (40000 + 2(50000)) kg 2(50000) kg
before after
−1 −1 −1
3 m s 0 m s v m s 4v m s−1
4 kg 6 kg 4 kg 6 kg
before after
−1 −1 −1
3 m s 1 m s v m s v m s−1
2 kg 5 kg 2 kg 5 kg
before after
5 m s−1 2 m s−1 3 m s−1
m kg 0.2 kg (m + 0.2) kg
before after
4 m s−1 4 m s−1 0.4 m s−1 v m s−1
3 kg 2 kg 3 kg 2 kg
0.03 kg
0 m s−1
sx
30 m
sy
20 m s−1
0.06 kg
before after
15 m s−1 5 m s−1 u m s−1
0.03 kg 0.01 kg 0.04 kg
before
−1
4 m s 0 m s−1 0.8 m s−1
0.4 kg m kg 0.25 kg
after first impact
1 m s−1 u m s−1 0.8 m s−1
0.4 kg m kg 0.25 kg
after second impact
1 m s−1 v m s−1 1 m s−1
0.4 kg m kg 0.25 kg
after second impact
1 m s−1 v m s−1 1 m s−1
0.4 kg m kg 0.25 kg
before after
−1 −1 −1
0.51 m s 0 m s 0.01 m s v m s−1
0.03 kg 0.06 kg 0.03 kg 0.06 kg
before after
−1 −1 −1
0.01 m s 0.125 m s 0.15 m s v m s−1
0.03 kg 0.06 kg 0.03 kg 0.06 kg
before after X and Y collide
1 m s−1 0 m s−1 0 m s−1 v m s−1 3v m s−1 0 m s−1
2 kg 1 kg 2 kg 2 kg 1 kg 2 kg
after Y and Z collide
v m s−1 v m s−1 2v m s−1
2 kg 1 kg 2 kg
after X and Y collide again
v
v
m s −1 m s−1 2v m s−1
4 2
2 kg 1 kg 2 kg
R
5N
15°
250 N
N
1005 N
15°
250 N
R
N
1.5
60°
5N
R
F
15°
50 N
µ
before after
uA m s−1 uB m s−1 vA m s−1 vB m s−1
m kg m kg m kg m kg
before after
1 m s−1 0 m s−1 0.4 m s−1 v m s−1
2 kg 1 kg 2 kg 1 kg
before after
1.2 m s−1 0 m s−1 0.4 m s−1 v m s−1
1 kg 2 kg 1 kg 2 kg
R
0.03R
500 N
µ
R
F
45°
600 N
µ
µ µ
µ
µ
R
P
40 N
a
200N
R
DF
N
800
a
160 000 N
R
F
DF
a
160 000 N
µ
R
N
200
θ
1000 N
µ
50°
12 cos 45°
θ
1 m
1 m
h
speed = √10 ms−1
0.4 m
0.4 m
θ
R
F
30°
100 N
µ µ
µ
µ
µ
µ
µ
R
DF
00 N
20
10°
18 000 N
R
DF
N
263
8°
12 000 N
R
DF
N
400
2°
10 m
y
T
3 m X
x
20 N
1.2 m
R
T
T
F
20° 40 N
20 N
N
R 00
16
DF
θ
16 000 N
R
T
30°
F
250 N
µ
µ
before after first collision
10 m s−1 2 m s−1 v m s−1
0 m s−1 0 m s−1 0 m s−1
3 kg 6 kg 17 kg 3 kg 6 kg 17 kg
µ
before after
5 m s−1 0 m s−1 u m s−1 4 m s−1
4 kg 3 kg 4 kg 3 kg
R
DF
3200N
3°
240 000N
50N
R
10°
30N
5°
250N
before after
3 m s−1 5 m s−1 1.5 m s−1 2.5 m s−1
1.2 kg m kg 1.2 kg m kg
velocity
100 m
time
20 30 35
R
T
F
T
4N
1N
µ
