IOT based individual vehicle pollution

monitoring system
 INDEX

SR. NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.

Abstract

1. Introduction

1.1 Problem statement

1.2 Objectives

1.3 Scope

1.4 Methodology

2. Literature review

3. System description

3.1Working principle

3.2 System components

4. Calculations

5. Software design

6. Advantages and disadvantages

7. Applications

8. Future scope

9. Conclusion

10 References
.
ABSTRACT

Now a days the pollution control of vehicle is very important concept in the world, to this
project is developed for indicating the pollutants in exhaust gases in vehicle. It mainly
consists of a smoke sensor and microcontroller unit. The smoke sensor is connected with the
silencer of the vehicle. It senses the amount of smoke and sends signal to the microcontroller.
Frequently the values are stored in the microcontroller. If the data stored is normal, the
vehicle will be allowed for FC. Thus, it is very easy to check the status of the vehicle while
inspecting it. Since microcontroller is used, the operation is very sensitive. This can be easily
implemented in vehicles. The sensor is fitted on silencer it senses the smoke and send to
microcontroller unit. The unit is converted in the percentage of pollutant. we decide limit on
pollutant percentage than the cross the limit on LED display beep the small light.
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The beginning of the 21st century was the time when importance for Environmental
awareness was instigated. One of the major concerns regarding the environment is air
pollution. Air pollution contributes to the green houses gases, which causes the green house
effect, whose side effects are now well known to all of us after the findings about the hole in
the ozone layer. Air pollution is not only harmful to the environment but, also to all other
living beings on earth. Air pollutants that are inhaled have serious impact on human health
affecting the lungs and the respiratory system; they are also taken up by the blood and
pumped all round the body. These pollutants are also deposited on soil, plants, and in the
water, further contributing to human exposure and also affecting the sea life. Vehicles are one
of the major contributors to air pollution apart from industries. The main pollutants from
vehicles are the oxides of carbon and nitrogen, which can be easily detected these days with
the help of semiconductor gas sensors. Therefore, in this paper an idea is suggested, which
would be very helpful in reducing the amount of pollution from vehicles.

Every vehicle has its own emission of gases, but the problem occurs when the emission is
beyond the standardized values. The primary reason for this breach of emission level being
the incomplete combustion of fuel supplied to the engine which is due to the improper
maintenance of vehicles. This emission from vehicles cannot be completely avoided, but it
definitely can be controlled. The aim of the project is to monitor and control the pollutants in
the vehicle by using the pollution control circuit. This pollution control circuit consists of
various sensors like smoke sensor, kind of devices, and all of them are integrated and
connected to a Controller. It is a real time work where a demo application has been made in
which microcontroller processor is used and a controller board is made where all these
devices get integrated and work accordingly. The vehicle is controlled by this circuit. When a
vehicle attains certain threshold pollution. This project demonstrates an effective utilization
of technology by which we save our environment by controlling the pollution of vehicles.

The incomplete combustion in the engine of a vehicle leads to emission of different gases
contributing to increase in the pollution and adversely affecting the environment. Detection
and control of these gases is an important area of work. This emission from vehicles cannot
be completely avoided but, it definitely can be controlled. Now a day’s accidents are common
reason for deaths. These are critical things to control so here we come up with a concept to
reduce pollution. Smoke detector is used to detect the carbon percentage in the smoke
released by the vehicle due to combustion of fuel in it. Smoke detector is fixed at the end of
the exhaust of vehicle from where smoke is released into the environment. The smoke
detector detects carbon and gives it to the Microcontroller to check the maximum percentage
of carbon content in the smoke released by vehicles. Temperature sensor can be used to sense
the temperature in the vehicle. So the controller checks the percentage of carbon and
temperature, if it exceeds the threshold level the system gets triggered and the engine comes
to hault state.

Vehicles and Industries are the major origin of Environmental Pollution. Every vehicle will
have emission but the problem occurs, which is due to the improper maintenance of vehicles.
This emission from vehicles cannot be completely avert but, it definitely can be controlled.
As a solution to the above problems we aim to build an automated control system for
emission level detection in vehicles and indicate this level with a meter. When the pollution/
emission level shoots beyond the already set threshold level, there will be a buzz in the
vehicle to indicate that the limit has been breached and this information has been send to
traffic control room which includes vehicle number.

In begun distinct period of history air pollution is consequential problem in society which
anguish to the human health & environment. This is the great problem faced in the urban
area. The main pollution to form the vehicle is carbon-dioxide, which can be easily sense by
the semiconductor gas sensors. These pollutants are having sensors which impact on the
human health affecting lungs & respiratory system. If this concentration is beyond the
threshold value then this sensor gives the input to the micro-controller. This Micro-controller
displays the result on the LCD and sends the trigger pulse to motor to stop the ignition of
fuel. Emitted gases are sense by the various sensors. Therefore this paper is an idea
recommend which help to diminish the pollution form vehicle. The use of tetraethyl lead as a
gasoline additive in 1923 introduced yet another toxic substance to automobile emissions that
threatened human health.

Vehicle exhaust emissions Vehicle exhaust emissions result not only from the products of
complete combustion (carbon dioxide (CO2) and water), but also from partial combustion,
losses from lubrication and hydraulic systems, fuel contaminants, fuel additives, and products
from engine wear. Consequently a complex mixture of compounds is released. This includes:

• Carbon monoxide (CO)

• Oxides of nitrogen (NOx)

• Hydrocarbons (HC)

• Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

• Methane (CH4)

• Lead (Pb) and other heavy metals

Most are emitted as gaseous or fine particulate material and, consequently, impact on air
quality. Vehicle exhaust emissions will contribute to terrestrial pollution when fine
particulate material is washed out of the atmosphere by rainfall and returned to the road
surface as a component of atmospheric deposition.

Figure-1: Image of the Air pollution due to vehicles

•Ozone (O 3 ):

The primary ingredient in urban smog, ozone is created when hydrocarbons and nitrogen
oxides (NO x )—both of which are chemicals released by automobile fuel combustion—react
with sunlight. Though beneficial in the upper atmosphere, at the ground level ozone can
irritate the respiratory system, causing coughing, choking, and reduced lung capacity.

•Particulate matter (PM):

These particles of soot, metals, and pollen give smog its murky color. Among vehicular
pollution, fine particles (those less than one-tenth the diameter of a human hair) pose the most
serious threat to human health by penetrating deep into lungs. In addition to direct emissions
of fine particles, automobiles release nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and sulfur dioxide,
which generate additional fine particles as secondary pollution.
•Nitrogen oxides (NO x ):

These vehicular pollutants can cause lung irritation and weaken the body’s defenses against
respiratory infections such as pneumonia and influenza. In addition, they assist in the
formation of ozone and particulate matter. In many cities, NO x pollution accounts for one-
third of the fine particulate pollution in the air.

(i)Carbon monoxide (CO)

This odorless, colorless gas is formed by the combustion of fossil fuels such as gasoline. Cars
and trucks are the source of nearly twothirds of this pollutant. When inhaled, CO blocks the
transport of oxygen to the brain, heart, and other vital organs in the human body. Newborn
children and people with chronic illnesses are especially susceptible to the effects of CO.

(ii)Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ):

Motor vehicles create this pollutant by burning sulfur containing fuels, especially diesel. It
can react in the atmosphere to form fine particles and can pose a health risk to young children
and asthmatics.

(iii)Hazardous air pollutants (toxics).

These chemical compounds, which are emitted by cars, trucks, refineries, gas pumps, and
related sources, have been linked to birth defects, cancer, and other serious illnesses.

Pollution control is a term used in environmental management. It means the control of

emissions and effluents into air, water or soil. Without pollution control, the waste products
from consumption, heating, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transportation and other
human activities, whether they accumulate or disperse, will degrade the environment. In the
hierarchy of controls, pollution prevention and waste minimization are more desirable than
pollution control. In the field of land development, low impact development is a similar
technique for the prevention of urban runoff.
1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Design and develop a prototype model of showing the concept of Pollutant detection system
in two wheeler by using electronic circuit.

Also fabricate the model of the same which will show the working desired by design and
develop of pollutant detection system in two wheeler.

1.2 OBJECTIVE

1. It can remove the noise.

2. Identification and accountability of on road vehicles.
3. The system will have low cost, low power consumption and high accuracy
4. To characterize Emissions from different category vehicle exhaust using variance in
fuels by conducting exhaust mass emission tests and HPLC analysis
1.3 METHODOLOGY

Design concept generation refers to the actual conceptual design where the design concept is
an approximate description of the technology, working principles and form of the product. It
has a detailed description on how the product will satisfy and meet customer requirements.
Existing design constraints may even be solved by having a good development in the design
concept.

For this project, many alternative concepts have been generated. The various generated
concepts were then individually evaluated to find the most appropriate concept for the
product. The concepts that gave the most advantages were considered as the best concept and
a waits further evaluation. The product sketch for the chosen concept was further drafted.

Design concept generation is usually expressed in the form of sketches or rough 3-D model
sand often accompanied by a brief textual description for the overall design concepts.

 Literature review
 Identification of the problem
 Finding solution of the problem
 Data collection
 Energy conversion representation
 Design of product
 Market survey for required components
 Purchase of required components system
 Manufacturing and assembly
 Testing and experimentation
 Evolution of result of the project.
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
History:
Over the years, there have been several regulations made by the Government to control
the emission from vehicles; most of them being unsuccessful at the same. The standards
and the timeline for implementation are set by the Central Pollution Control Board under
the Ministry of Environment & Forests. Bharat stage emission standards are emission
standards instituted by the Government of India to regulate the output of air pollutants
from internal combustion engine equipment, including motor vehicles. The first emission
norms were introduced in India in 1991 for petrol and 1992 for diesel vehicles. These
were followed by making the Catalytic converter mandatory for petrol vehicles and the
introduction of unleaded petrol in the market. On April 29, 1999 the Supreme Court of
India ruled that all vehicles in India have to meet Euro I or India 2000 norms by June 1,
1999 and Euro II will be mandatory in the NCR by April 2000. Car makers were not
prepared for this transition and in a subsequent judgment the implementation date for
Euro II was not enforced. The standards, based on European regulations were first
introduced in 2000. Progressively stringent norms have been rolled out since then. All
new vehicles manufactured after the implementation of the norms have to be compliant
with the regulations. Since October 2010, Bharat stage III norms have been enforced
across the country. In 13 major cities, Bharat stage IV emission norms are in place since
April 2010. The phasing out of 2 stroke engine for two wheelers, the stoppage of
production of various old model cars & introduction of electronic controls have been due
to the regulations related to vehicular emissions.
2.1 ONLINE REAL TIME PUC AND ENGINE PARAMETER MONITORING IN
VEHICLE USING WIRELESS SENSOR MODEM
1RUPALI R RAHANGDALE, 2 S. D. SAWANT:
PUC System i.e. Pollution under Control System is intended to check emission from in-
use vehicles. This paper realizes a novel control strategy for the fuel consumption
reduction CO2 and engine cooling system. Every day, millions of tons of are released into
the atmosphere because of this type of human activity. In air pollution processing,
however, differences among monitoring systems and data availability are an important
limitation in environmental management. In our system, we would be using a sensor to
detect the amount of CO2 emitted by the vehicle and temp. Of engine can be monitored.
The value can be displayed in LCD. By using GSM technology, the value can directly
send to mobile. After that, by using GPRS, the value directly send to the web portal, In
that case, online database can maintained and by using web technology, one alert SMS
can be send to the customer, so that those people having PUC Expiry date is near and
kindly checked or renew it as early as possible result is that it can checked PUC regularly.
The application of PUC detection system is to detect and regulate emission using
communication technology like GSM. In vehicle, temp. Of engine can be cooled by
implementing the automatic controlling fan for cooling purposes. Reading can show the
online graph for CO2 and temperature of engine. The on road vehicle population in India
is growing at an exponential rate. Hence the condition and roadworthiness of many on-
road vehicles are highly unsatisfactory causing to higher exhaust emissions and road
accidents [1]. The Majority of the in-use vehicles are two wheelers (75%).There are
around 5 million cars, 4.5 million three- wheelers, 2 million goods vehicles and over 0.65
million buses playing on Indian roads.
Local Air Pollution and Transport:
Air pollution namely pollutants which have impact at a global level such as the impact of
atmospheric CO2 levels on climate change and pollutants whose effects in terms of
environmental damage.

Advantages of Inspection-
Maintenance System These systems to ensure that vehicles meet the applicable standards
of conformity of emissions and safety when in-use. Some advantages of that system as
minimize the exhaust emissions, Reduction in fuel consumption, Sources of database on
emission performance of on road vehicles, Enhance on road vehicle life. The present PUC
system has number of lacunae owing to which the system is not effective in reducing
emissions from on-road vehicles. Over here we are trying to implement a new concept
whereby we will implement the CO2 sensor in the vehicle itself and whenever the CO2
emission, temp. Of engine goes above a certain level an SMS will be directly sent to the
RTO department and fine will be levied.

2.2 Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles

Lit-Mian Chan:
In most cities gasoline vehicles are the main source of lead aerosol and carbon monoxide,
while diesel vehicles are a major source of respirable particulate matter. In Asia and parts
of Latin America and Africa two-stroke motorcycles and 3-wheelers are also major
contributors to emissions of respirable particulate matter. Gasoline vehicles and their fuel
supply system are the main sources of volatile organic compound emissions in nearly
every city. Both gasoline and diesel vehicles contribute significantly to emissions of
oxides of nitrogen. Gasoline and diesel vehicles are also among the main sources of toxic
air contaminants in most cities and are probably the most important source of public
exposure to such contaminants. Studies in a number of cities (Bangkok, Cairo, Jakarta,
Santiago and Tehran, to name five) have assigned priority to controlling lead and
particulate matter concentrations, which present the greatest hazard to human health.
Where photochemical ozone is a problem (as it is, for instance, in Mexico City, Santiago,
and São Paulo), control of ozone precursors (nitrogen oxides and volatile organic
compounds) is also important both because of the damaging effects of ozone itself and
because of the secondary particulate matter formation resulting from atmospheric
reactions with ozone. Carbon monoxide and toxic air contaminants have been assigned
lower priority for control at the present time, but measures to reduce volatile organic
compounds exhaust emissions will generally reduce carbon monoxide and toxic
substances as well. Increasingly complicated vehicle engine and emissions control
systems have made the diagnosis and repair of malfunctioning systems more difficult.
With present inspection and maintenance program designs, many emissions-related
malfunctions can go undetected in modern vehicles. This is especially true for
malfunctions related to nitrogen oxides, because present inspection and maintenance
programs do not test for these emissions. To improve the effectiveness of emissions
control diagnosis, the United States has recently adopted second-generation requirements
for on-board diagnosis of emissions-related malfunctions.

2.3 Study of the Exhaust Gases from different fuel based vehicles for Carbonyls and
Methane Emissions:
Vehicular emissions are one of the predominant sources of carbonyls in the ambient air.
Recently Carbonyls consisting of aldehydes and ketones have been identified as
precursors of severe secondary pollutants and themselves also are harmful, thus needs
detailed study. The Central Pollution Control Board has undertaken a project on,
Assessment and characterization of aldehyde, ketone and methane emissions in vehicle
exhaust using different fuels with the help of International Centre of Automotive
Technology (ICAT) Manesar. The project envisaged evaluation and characterization of
aldehydes, ketones and methane emissions from different vehicle category exhausts using
different fuels. The rapid and seemingly unending increase in vehicle population, limited
road space and carrying capacity and emissions from different intersectorial activities and
study/investigation/monitoring of the Urban Ambient Air Quality is not limited to few
parameters such as NOx, SO2, CO etc… The study of hazardous air pollutants such as
ozone, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), Ketones and aldehydes have acquired new
dimensions for obvious reasons, which include their adverse effects on human health,
vegetation (ex: crops) and materials. The findings of source apportionment studies
conducted by CPCB have revealed that the release of PM10 from the transport sector is
20.5% in Delhi and as high as 48.3% in Chennai. The other major sources of PM10
emissions in Indian urban environment are garbage burning, road dust, DG sets,
construction activities etc.
2.3 Testbed Implementation of a Pollution Monitoring System Using Wireless
Sensor Network for the Protection of Public Spaces
Siuli Roy:
Air pollution is an important environmental issue that has a direct effect on human health
and ecological balance. Factories, power plants, vehicles, windblown dust and wildfires
are some of the contributors of pollution. Reasonable simulation tools exist for evaluating
large scale sensor networks, however they fail to capture significant details of node
operation or practical aspects of wireless communication. Real life testbeds, capture the
realism and bring out important aspects for further research. In this paper, we present an
implementation of a wireless sensor network testbed for automatic and real-time
monitoring of environmental pollution for the protection of public spaces. The paper
describes the physical setup, the sensor node hardware and software architecture for
“anytime anywhere” monitoring and management of pollution data through a single web-
based graphical user interface. The paper presents practical issues in the integration of
sensors, actual power consumption rates and develops a practical hierarchical routing
methodology. The availability of consistent, accurate and timely information on
environmental conditions greatly improves the speed of planning and decision making
(Hammons & Chisholm, 2006). Such information, although required for most businesses,
is of particular importance in chemical factories, mines and other high investment
industries. The availability of precise information enables businesses to respond in quick
time and take preventive measures against emission of poisonous gases and other hazards,
thus improving the safety of personnel and equipment. Air pollution has diverse causes
and sources. “Stationary sources” such as factories, power plants and smelters; “mobile
sources” such as automobiles; and “natural sources” such as windblown dust and
wildfires are primary contributors to air pollution. Due to the trans-boundary nature of
airborne pollutants, it is difficult for any single organization to take responsibility for
overall emission levels. Thus, the control of air pollution is entirely legislation driven. As
such the passing of new legislation may only be effective if the pollution level in the
specified compounds can be monitored accurately using sensors. Environmentalists can
use sensors to measure atmospheric pollution and monitor industrial emissions; safety
monitors can use sensors to detect harmful chemical vapours and explosives in public
spaces, government or military facilities and chemical processing plants.
2.4 TERRESTRIAL POLLUTION FROM ROADS AND VEHICLES
The emission rates of oxides of nitrogen are however highest at high average vehicle
speeds (Boulter & Webster, 1997). This is because their rate of formation is governed
largely by the peak temperatures reached during combustion, and these high temperatures
occur under high speed and load conditions. Another operational factor that determines
vehicle emission rates is the temperature of the engine. An engine that is cold is
inefficient and extra fuel has to supplied for satisfactory operation. During the cold start
period, fuel consumption and emissions of the main pollutants (CO, HC, NOX and CO2)
are generally elevated (Cloke et al., 1997). The extent of the increase depends on a
number of factors including the engine temperature at the onset of a trip, the trip length
and the ambient temperature, and also varies greatly from vehicle to vehicle (Boulter,
1997). The effect is greatly compounded in the cases of vehicles with catalytic emission
control systems. Catalysts do not begin to work until their temperature reaches a ‘light-
off’ value of around 300o C, they also require an accurately controlled exhaust
composition for full effectiveness. So, not only does a cold engine produce more
emissions, but they are also not treated by the catalyst system.

Most are emitted as gaseous or fine particulate material and, consequently, impact on air
quality. Vehicle exhaust emissions will contribute to terrestrial pollution when fine
particulate material is washed out of the atmosphere by rainfall and returned to the road
surface as a component of atmospheric deposition, when larger particulate material is
deposited directly onto the road surface.
2.5 Air Pollution Teaching Toolkit
Air pollution occurs when there is a high concentration of certain substances that causes
the atmospheric environment to become toxic enough to have adverse impacts on every
aspects of environment. The substances that are responsible for air pollution are known as
air pollutants. Air pollutants can be gaseous, liquid or solid in form, and can come from
natural as well as human sources. Ambient Air Pollution: Ambient air refers to any
portion of the atmosphere not confined by walls and a roof. The pollution of ambient air
that we breathe outside the room or house is known as ambient air pollution. Indoor Air
Pollution: Indoor air pollution refers to the condition of the air inside a building, which
can be tainted by pollutants such as smoke, combustion fuel sources, and building
materials and furnishings that emit gas known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Air
pollution can be classified as ambient, indoor, rural and urban based on space and area.

Air pollution can threaten the health of human beings, trees, rivers, crops, and animals.
Abundant amounts of air pollution changes natural atmospheric processes, causing acid
rains, ozone hole, and enhancing the greenhouse effect. Additionally, it causes economic
losses.
 CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Air pollutant
Any substance in air that could, in high enough concentration, harm animals, humans,
vegetation, and/or materials. Such pollutants may be present as solid particles, liquid
droplets, or gases. Air pollutants fall into two main groups: (1) those emitted from
identifiable sources and, (2) those formed in the air by interaction between other
pollutants. Over one hundred air pollutants have been identified, which include halogen
compounds, nitrogen compounds, oxygen compounds, radioactive compounds, sulphur
(sulfur) compounds, and volatile organic chemicals (VOC).

Air pollution occurs when harmful substances including particulates and biological
molecules are introduced into Earth's atmosphere. It may cause diseases, allergies and
also death of humans; it may also cause harm to other living organisms such as animals
and food crops, and may damage the natural or built environment. Human activity and
natural processes can both generate air pollution.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Working Principle
The aim of the project is to monitor and control the pollutants in the vehicle by using the
pollution control circuit.

This pollution control circuit consists of sensors like smoke sensor , is integrated and
connected to a Controller.

When the smoke sensor output is more than the threshold value, the microcontroller triggers
the timer circuit and an alarm is set on to inform the driver of the pollution in the vehicle
and that it will come to the halt state. When a vehicle attains certain threshold pollution level
then the LED will automatically ON.

• The Arduino IDE transmits the data to the cloud via the Wi-Fi module.

• RTO will get information about vehicle in form of graphical format

• A server is also designed which keeps the information about the emission level of
every vehicles so that RTO can access relevant data from the server and take action if
the vehicle emission levels increase above the standard level.

• The controller continuously monitors the emission of the vehicles and if its emission
exceeds standard norms a notification is generated and is interpreted by RTO.

• Hence using these pollution control circuit emissions of individual vehicles can be
monitored which helps in reducing the pollution level.
COMPONENTS DETAILS

MICCONTROLLER

The Arduino Microcontroller was designed in 1980’s by Intel. Its foundation was on
Harvard Architecture and was developed principally for bringing into play in Embedded
Systems. At first it was created by means of NMOS technology but as NMOS technology
needs more power to function therefore Intel re-intended Microcontroller Arduino
employing CMOS technology and a new edition came into existence with a letter ‘C’ in
the title name, for illustration: Arduino. These most modern Microcontrollers need fewer
amount of power to function in comparison to their forerunners.
There are two buses in Arduino Microcontroller one for program and other for data. As a
result, it has two storage rooms for both program and data of 64K by 8 size. The
microcontroller comprise of 8 bit accumulator & 8 bit processing unit. It also consists of 8
bit B register as majorly functioning blocks and Arduino microcontroller programming is
done with embedded C language using Keil software. It also has a number of other 8 bit
and 16 bit registers.

For internal functioning & processing Microcontroller Arduino comes with integrated
built-in RAM. This is prime memory and is employed for storing temporary data. It is
unpredictable memory i.e. its data can get be lost when the power supply to the
Microcontroller switched OFF.

There are many applications with Arduino microcontroller. So, Arduino Microcontroller
Projects have great significance in Engineering final year.
CPU (Central Processor Unit):

As you may be familiar that Central Processor Unit or CPU is the mind of any processing
machine. It scrutinizes and manages all processes that are carried out in the
Microcontroller. User has no power over the functioning of CPU. It interprets program
printed in storage space (ROM) and carries out all of them and do the projected duty.
CPU manages different types of registers in Arduino microcontroller.
Interrupts:

As the heading put forward, Interrupt is a sub-routine call that reads the Microcontroller’s
key function or job and helps it to perform some other program which is extra important
at that point of time. The characteristic of Arduino Interrupt is extremely constructive as
it aids in emergency cases. Interrupts provides us a method to postpone or delay the
current process, carry out a sub-routine task and then all over again restart standard
program implementation.

The Micro-controller Arduino can be assembled in such a manner that it momentarily

stops or break the core program at the happening of interrupt. When sub-routine task is
finished then the implementation of core program initiates automatically as usual. There
are 5 interrupt supplies in Arduino Microcontroller, two out of five are peripheral
interrupts, two are timer interrupts and one is serial port interrupt.
Memory:

Micro-controller needs a program which is a set of commands. This program enlightens

Microcontroller to perform precise tasks. These programs need a storage space on which
they can be accumulated and interpret by Microcontroller to act upon any specific
process. The memory which is brought into play to accumulate the program of
Microcontroller is recognized as Program memory or code memory. In common language
it’s also known as Read Only Memory or ROM.
 CHAPTER 5
ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATION

ADVANATGES

1. The advantage of this method is its simplicity, efficiency.

2. It can remove the noise. Identification and accountability of on road vehicles.
3. The system will have low cost, low power consumption and high accuracy. 
APPLICATION

 For Transport Applications.

 In Industrial And Home Applications.
 Vehicle emission level monitoring system

 Can be used by RTO to get relevant data on individual cars.

 Environmental monitoring by collecting environmental data

 Improving the current data collection system and increasing awareness about
environmental pollution among people.
FUTURE SCOPE
Future application is that in software part, the online real time PUC can developed by
using web technology, one alert SMS can be send to the customer, so that those people
having PUC Expiry date is near and kindly checked or renew it as early as possible result
is that it can checked PUC regularly.
The future scope is to increase number of vehicle tagging at a time to server side unit vie
road side unit.

Conclusion:
• This can be easily implemented in vehicles. The sensor is fitted on silencer it
senses the smoke and send to microcontroller unit. The unit is converted in the
percentage of pollutant. we decide limit on pollutant percentage than the cross
the limit on LED display beep the small light.
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