HITEC University
Electrical Engineering
Submitted By
Omar abdul Jabbar 17-EE-074
Hira Saghir 17-EE-051
Muneeb- ullah-Kiyani 17-EE-116
Sana Majid 17-EE-038
Section D
Semester: 8th
Submitted To: Sir Ahtishaam
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Introduction:
Nanotechnology applications have shown remarkable growth in several industrial
fields in the last years. Nowadays, there are a great number of nanotechnology
concepts to enhance performance and reliability of conventional materials which
have been successfully demonstrated. In this investigation, an innovative
nanotechnology concept to improve the properties of electrical porcelain is
proposed. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of ceramic
nanoparticles on physical, mechanical and dielectric behavior of a triaxial
porcelain system consisting of kaolinite clay, quartz and feldspar. Rod porcelain
samples were produced by a conventional extrusion process and then sintered in an
industrial kiln at a temperature between 1200 and 1300°C. Ceramic nanoparticles
were added during mixing process as part of the raw materials of porcelain
composition. Flexural and dielectric strength tests were carried out in fired
porcelain samples. Microstructural analysis and phase identification were done by
XRD and SEM. It was observed that nanoparticles were distributed into the
vitreous phase of porcelain microstructure. Experimental results showed that
nanoparticles improve mechanical and dielectric performance of the electrical
grade triaxial porcelain.
Effect of ZnO on porcelain:
Porcelain shows excellent properties, and it is considered to be one of the most
complex ceramic materials and most widely studied ceramic system for advance
engineering applications. Werner von Siemens used the first porcelain
insulator to insulate the telegraph cable in 1849. Since that time, porcelain
insulators have been technologically evolved to assure a safety and efficient
operation of products .
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Nowadays, electrical porcelains have significant challenges in understanding it
in relation to raw materials, processing science, phase and microstructure
evolution . The term of triaxial porcelain refers to the chemical composition which
is formed by three main materials, clay, feldspar, and silica or alumina. These
constituents place the porcelain In the phase system [(K,Na)2O–Al2O3–SiO2)]
in terms of oxide constituents. The microstructure of fired porcelain bodies is
composed basically by mullite crystals (Al6Si2O13) and undissolved quartz
(SiO2) grains embedded in a continuous glassy phase, which is formed by the
feldspar and other low melting impurities in the raw materials .
Nanotechnology was conceptualized by Richard P. Feynman in his famous and
visionary speech in 1959. It can be defined as the understanding, control and
manipulation of matter at nanoscales, as small as 100 nanometers (1 nanometer is
a billion part of a meter, 1x10-9) . Nanostructured materials have been
extensively studied in the last years due to its potential applications in electronics,
medicine, engineering, etc. Investigations have demonstrated that materials
performance can be dramatically altered by nanoparticles additions; therefore
there is a great interest in nano-materials. Nanotechnology represents an innovative
alternative to enhance the final properties of insulators. Even though there are few
investigations related nano-applications in porcelain insulators in comparison
with other ceramics, it has been reported very promising and interesting results
Improving the insulating and physical characteristics of HV porcelain
dielectric materials using nano-silica
The high-voltage electrical porcelain insulator plays an important role in the
electrical power industry. The effect of silica nanoparticles (NS) addition on the
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electrical and physical properties of porcelain insulators sintered at different
tempera-tures was investigated in the present study. Kaolin, feldspar, and quartz
(in the form of silica sand) were used as economical raw materials to prepare
porcelain insulator samples. Different additions of silica nanoparticles (0–15wt%)
were used. The porcelain specimens were compressed under 50MPa pressure and
treated at different sintering temperature (from 1100 to 1400°C). The morphology
and microstructure of the raw materials and some selected specimens were
investigated using scanning electron microscope. Phase composition of some
selected samples was identified using X-ray diffraction, to evaluate the thermal,
structural, and microstructural changes by increasing the concentration of silica (0–
15 wt%). The dielectric properties were evaluated by measuring the AC
breakdown strength, the relative permittivity (εr) and dielectric loss (tanδ) at
different frequencies at room temperature. A finite element method axi-
symmetrical model of the samples with the help of FEMM 4.2 package is used to
evaluate their breakdown strength. The results revealed that the physical and
dielectric properties of porcelain samples enhanced by increasing the sintering
temperature. The porcelain samples admixed with 10 wt% silica nanoparticles and
sintered at 1300°C present the maximal density (3.57g/cm3), minimal water
absorption (0.0173%) and minimal porosity values (0.043%) as well as a good
insulating characteristic.
Utilization of zirconia nanoparticles for improving the electricaland physical
characteristics of HV porcelain insulating material.
The effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles (NZ) addition on the electrical and
physical properties of porcelain insulators over high different sintering
temperatures was investigated. Different amount of zirconia nanoparticles (0–8 wt
%) was added to porcelain sample that obtained from local raw materials found in
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large quantities and excellent quality in the Sinai and Aswan(Egypt). Samples were
produced by powder technology with compositions of 50% kaolin, 25% feldspar
and 25% quartz. The prepared samples admixed with different amounts of zirconia
were sintered at different temperatures (1100, 1200, 1300 and1400 °C) for 2 h. The
microstructures of some selected samples were characterized by scanning electron
microscopy (SEM).Phase composition of some Nano composites samples was
identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), to evaluate the thermal, structural and
microstructural changes by increasing the concentration of zirconia. The electrical
properties of different samples were evaluated by measuring the AC breakdown
strength, the relative permittivity (εr) and dielectric loss (tan δ)at different
frequencies at room temperature. A finite element method (FEM) axisymmetric
model of the samples is used to evaluate their breakdown strength. The results
obtained revealed that, samples sintered at 1300 °C give the best electrical and
physical properties. Also, Nano composite porcelain sample admixed with 4 wt%
zirconia nanoparticles and sintered at1300 °C present the maximum density (3.678
g/cm3), minimum water absorption (0.031%) and minimum porosity
(0.049%)values as well as good insulating characteristics and confirm the electro
technical porcelain production feasibility
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REFERENCE
[Link]
a_nanoparticles_for_improving_the_electrical_and_physical_characteristics
_of_HV_porcelain_insulating_material
[Link]
er_in_ceramic_insulator_with_nanocomposites
[Link]
ing_and_physical_characteristics_of_HV_porcelain_dielectric_materials_usi
ng_nano-silica
[Link]
es_on_Mechanical_and_Electrical_Performance_of_Porcelain_Insulator
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