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Head Regulators

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Engr.Hamid Ismail Cheema
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397 views9 pages

Head Regulators

Uploaded by

Engr.Hamid Ismail Cheema
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
ylators Modules, ; | ial Structures nd Miscellaneoy, 4 canal Regulation ter Which enters into the ma; he wa Fe Main canal § iffrent Branches and Distributaries, in qa tO™ the river hag ; jt? n different channels, Th; ‘cordance to be di imiemand 0 Frakes Process of dicts ith the relative vided ofGigribute water effectively, the discharge nusttibution i ive wi 'e urge, ered is called ‘Reg weeny s aim is achieved by m aS to be egul Toe This al Y Means of regulators, ” °° Sdiusted to any gett Ne rive Regulation Works Canal regulation works, These nal irrigation system, by giving n the canals. The imp, e he im, : Se structures are: (i) Canal Falls. (i) Canal Regulators (Head Regulator an (ii) Canal Escapes. (iv) Metering Flumes, etc, () Canal Outlets and Modules, Canal falls have already been described in th deal with the remaining structures. CANAL REGULATORS ortant of the: d Cross Regulator), e previous chapter. Now we shall 133. Alignment of the off-taking channel a When a branch channel takes off from the main channel (called Parent Chan- nel), the off-take alignment must be carefully designed. ‘The best ideal alignment is : when the off-taking channel makes zero angle with the parent channel initially and then separates out in a transition, as shown in Fig. 13.1, HEAD REGULATOR ss ACGULATOR Fig. 13.2 Fig. 13.1 N Scanned with CamScanner IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAY jg y 7 have to be lo itions will hav \ ‘The transitions will have to be ly designed, so as propertfation of ile jetty. As an a h tive to the transitions, botl the channels should make an angie with the parent channel upatreei of the off-take, as shown in Fig. 13.2. When the parent channel has to be carried straight, the edge of the canal rather than the centre line should be considered in decid- ing the angle of the off-take (Fig. 13.3). 3134. Distributary Head Regulator and Cross Regulator A distributary head regulator controls the supply of the off-takin, ee cross-regulator controls the supply of the parent channel A'S Sana, —>A head regulator provided at the head of the off-taking channel, cnt fd ofwater entering renew channel. While aeross-egultar seg 20% in the main parent channel down-stream ofthe ofetaking channg, ae “Wher AERO so as fe ead up water ons upstream side thus we required supply in the off-taking Thanuel even during the periods-afIc= fe the main channel. it 3 Tle main functions of a head regulator are : (® To regulate or control the supplies entering the off-take channel, (i) To control silt entry into the off-take channel, (iii) To serve as a meter for measuring discharge. —DThe main functions of a cross-regulator are : (i) To effectively control the entire Canal Irrigation System. Gi) When the water level in the main channel is low. water on the ws and to feed the off-take channel rotation. (iii) They help in absorbin tem, and in preventin, » it helps in heading s to their full demaniis i fluctuations in various sections of the canal g the possibilities of breaches in the tail reach, of cross regulator); when ___ A regulator essentially consis intervals with grooves, in which ei supplies. Planks called Karri ts of piers placed across the canal at rept ither planks or gates can be used to contr tt can be used for small channels only, as the i can be handled manually is about 2 metres. Scanned with CamScanner gaGULATORS MODULES, AND MISCELLANEOUS canay strvcTuRES . 437 135. Design of Cross Regulator and Distributary Head Regulator - - The crest of a cross rj i ii Crest Levels. Snel Whig eee eatlator js Benerally kept at th Z, level ofthe channel. While, the crest levee distributer hee Raa is generally kept 0.3 to 1.0 m higher than the crest level of the cross regulator, Water-way. The water-way can be worked out, by using the drowned weir formula, given as: 2 . 3/2 _ p32 O25 Cy, We B [hh + hy”? _ 72 ]*Cay-B hy eta +(13.1) where Cy, = 0.577. Ca,= 0.80, B= Clear water-way required, = Difference of water level ws and dis of the crest, as shown in Fig. 13.4, hy = Depth of the d/s water above the crest, Head due to velocity of approach, which is very small and is generally ignored. The discharge formula then becomes. Sr hy o/swe level in the channel u/s wi Fig. 13.4 2x 0.577 V2x9.81 B- AY? +0.80 B-hy 2x98] Ve 3 1.69 B- A9/24.3.54B-hyvh 13.2) or Q=B. Vi [1.69 h +3.54h] ign i ‘st of the Conditions of flow for design. The design is done for the wor: ‘llowing two conditions : ; aS => : yhannels with all gat >a) Full supply discharge is passing down both the chant ‘Tegulator and head regulator fully open. © The discharge in the parent channel Ale dl wng full, and its FSL is maintained by 'S-regulator. is low but the off-take channel E hhe partial opening of the ga ros; | eri dition an Th the first condition, g and Hy a fix ‘ it natn Of fy” MCreases, depending upon the low ee a ma low Senerally governs the design, but in 'Y become More critical. ases, the secon . ign can be ven, the design can is not given, # w zent channel is no Mong th low flow record of the pezent ¢l °F the first flow condition. Scanned with CamScanner IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIc 438. ery or Level or Cistern Level. For the above ty 9 Ry i Downeenre worked out. Then 2, is found from Plate 19" ions, ih jump would form, ie. the level offs Noor, is then given by gg = t whic . Neglecting velocity head, d/s TEL = d/s FSL a, «=. Level of dis floor = d/s FSL - By, the worst condition works out tobe higher than sev the ls or tne oor is provided atthe bed level tele" the q, Js Floor. It is worked out by calculating 5 (y ~y1) 4p this sel ones ‘cut to be small in comparison to 2/3 of ‘ial floor Ten, a, out by exit gradient considerations, i.e. b = 0 -d.), then, the length of the ak is kept equal to 2/3 of the total floor Tength. ae Cut-offs are provided as given below : > Upstream Cutoff The minimum depth of wls cut off below wl foo, . iy kept as|%# +0.6 m |, where yy is the depth of water in the chanel y toe —> Downstream Cut-off. The minimum depth of d/s cut-off below the dig Aloe iskept as|%2 +0.6 m|, where is the depth of water in the channel don das the depth of water in the channel down Total floor Length. The total floor length ‘' is worked out fr OM af gradient considerations, as explained earlier. This total lor lengths then a a distributed upstream and downstream. h Uplift Pressures and Floor Thicknesses. The thicknesses ofthe gy require, ae worked out by working out the uplift pressures by Khasi ye ‘The maximum unbalanced heads at key points are worked out for the me static head. The pressure at toe of glacis is also worked out for di : namic condi The Noor thicknesses are designed for the worst case, as explained earns design of weirs and falls. - A nominal thickness of 0.8 to 0.5 m is provided Pe side. + S>Protection Works. The protection works are designed for a scour depth D) ( equal to [sone] on the upstream, and equal to {%!+ 06m) u downstream. The ‘C.C. blocks’ and ‘inverted filter’ are provided in a eng p proximately equal to 1.5 D. The quantity of stone in launching apron is kes 2.25 D cu. m/metre. A typical design of such a regulator is illustrated in the example given bor: Example 18.1. Design a cross regulator and a head regulator for cha! which takes off from the parent channel with the following data : Discharge of parent channel = 140 cumees Discharge of distributary = 15 cumees FSL of the parent channel, u/s = 210.0 m FSL of the parent channel, dis = 209.8 m Bed width of parent channel, u/s. - =52m Bed width of parent channel, dis = 46m Depth of water in the parent channel d/s and uls =2.5m A Scanned with CamScanner ya MODULES, AND MISCELLANEOUS CANA, STRUC: 701 psbof distributary Sie fe exit-gradient ss ition. soltgn or Cross Regulator 1s, Crest level of cross regulator is kept the sa Gre vane) = 210.0~25 = 207.5 me me 28 uls bed level of provide Crest at R.L. 207.5 m. . 2 Waterway Q= 3 Ca, V2g +B [a thy? - nw] TU RES 439 +Ca,-B-hy Bete hy ring velocity head ad Q=B vh [1.69 A+3.54 jy} 3.1) (13.2) Where B is the clear waterway required, In this case, h = w/s FSL ~ d/s FSL = 10.0 ~ 209.8 = 0.2 m. h, = d/s FSL — Crest Level = 209.8 - 207.5 =2.3 m, 140 = B V0.20 [1.69 x 0.2 + 3.54 x 2.3] 140 [1 « Bo sey aaa = 36.9 m. Provide 5 bays of 8.0 m each with a clear waterway =5 x 8.0=40.0m. Provide 4 piers of 1.5 m width each = 6.0 m. Thu s the overall waterway = 40 +6 = 46 m. ‘instream Floor Level or Cistern Level Ws floor level = d/s FSL — Ep, = 209.8 — 1.85 = 207.95 m. hich ig tpg U® bed level = 209.8 - 2.5 207.3 m. denigs ver than the calculated d/s floor level. Hence, provide the cistern or "at RL 207.3 me "Bh of dls floor. "™ Plate 10.9 For Ey, Length of d/s floor required = 5 (y2~ 1) = 1.85 m ; y9= 1.8m. R 5 OER E+ Hy = 185 +0.2 = 2.05 m;y, =0.8m. Metta ~D=5(18-0.8)-5.0m, Veticg, imitation of 2 rd of total floor length 5). Cut ote 3 Py fs © up, ty . ‘Stream Cut-off for a depth r “hm 3 +06=25 496-149m © the ley] of its bottom. = 207.5 ~ 1.43 = 206.07 m. Scanned with CamScanner nRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRay, | 1 CstRy, 440 Depth of Ws cutoff below floor level ees , Dept Downstream cull 25 40.6=1.85 m. = 207.30 ~ 1.85 = 205.45 m, level of ds cuted = dient Considerationg the bottom le th from Exit Gradien: Hence, 7 ‘Total Floor “ 7 Garg et eH= Maximum static head, which i - coos when there is full water on gh Ste is no water on d/s, then H= wls FSL~ d/s bed leva = 210.0 ~ 207.3 = 2.7m, d= Depth of d/s cutoft= 1.35 5 Gr= $ (given) From Plate 11.2, 1. _ For gy = 9-187, a=9 b=ad=9x1.85 = 16.65 m ssay 17m. s floor length required 2, 2 ae 3 O=3%17=11.3 m: which is Sreater than 5.0 m, i. 5 (y2 9). Hence, provide 11.8 m as the Minimum Glacis length = 2x9 04m oa in pret balance, ie in Fig. 13.5, en T-113-0425,5 mis provided as u/s floor length, as show? 2100 — toy Scanned with CamScanner ULES, AND MISC] yoo ELLANEOUS Cana nS go ate 111, SRVcTUREg p50 5, = 100% = 40,7 100% - ¢p = 100% ~ 18.5% ~ 81.59, ‘ 40, = 100% ~ te = 100% - 26.5% = 79 56 | «u/s floor thickness = 0.5 m) rou to 66, for floor thickness cor 81.5- 73.5 9 2S X05 = 2.8% (v0), (corrected) = 73.5+ 2.8= 76.3% 1 OC; ; le interference i Correction due to pil rence is small and reo Cut-off eye nedea Dow d=1.85m b=17.0 m. 1_d_ 185 _ ab) chee 1 (a), rom Plate 11.1 (@), 65,2 98 = 30% én, = 40 = 21% $c, = 0% assume ds floor thickness near A/s cut off = 0.7 mr Correction to op, due to floor thickness x 0.7 = 8.4% (- ve) 4B, (corrected) = 30% — 3.4% = 26.6% (Note. Correction due to interference of w/s cut off is neglected). Floor Thicknesses : D/s Floor At Toe of Glacis “pressure at toe of glacis, = 26.6% + SH — 266% x 11.3 = 26.6% + 33.1% = 59.1% Maximum unbalanced head at toe of glacis due to maximum static head 2.7 m) = 59.1% x 2.7 = 1.61 m. Head due to dynamic action can be taken as 50% 2-91) +0. HL Hence = 50% (1.8 0.8) + 59.7% x 0.2 = 0.5 + 0.1 » Static head governs, the thicknesses. 2.=0,62m< 161m. * Thickness required at toe of glacis = 1.8 my; Provide 14m 1.24 A "8 beyond toe of glacis % Pressure = 96 gg 4 16:8% — 26.6% . g 3 - 26,6% + 24.3% = 50.9% 17 ; Scanned with CamScanner pRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIc Tite, D 12m THICK ‘APRON GROWS OF CC. BLOCKS OF = 26.6%+ T7 = 26.6% + 9.65% = 36.25% Maximum unbalanced head OISFSL 209.8 = 36.25% x 2.7 = 0.98 m. Thickness required = 0.79 m; Provide 0.8 m from this point to the end, as shown in Fig. 13.6. Us Floor. Theoretically no floor thickness is required under the upstream floor, since the uplift is GATE GROOVE Le more than counterbalanced by the T weight ofthe water standing over it. {= —S But a nominal thickness of 0.5 m is brovided. The lors thickened to 1.0 | m under the crest in a length equal 2. 020m as shown in Fig. 13.6, 8 = Upstream Protection shall be £3. = allbe SSS Provided for a scour depth ° 5 | i 2 =e 25 z Fm 06-143 my 2 | Launchin 5 fo launching A 89r0n. Provig Was 22 7 7 le g aes ‘Pron of thickness 119 m “38 BS && a Ts ao 8 12 *288(- Volume required = 2.25 D cv. m/s 8 one aa laid in a length of 2.8 m. we = 2.2 “©. blocks of size 0.8 mx 0,8 m x06 1 it With 19.em ine’, FOWS of CC, blocks 85, in ay Jhories filled with bajri, laid ove ged ® “total length of 2.6 m, shall be PP tion eh, all / 06x 259 °° PFoVided for a scour depth 5/2 +065 Ae ~ 4.85 m, Scanned with CamScanner 018 MODULES, AND MiscEr, ANeOUg “= re ping 972%. Provide launching ANAL sty, jour of apron required pron OF hike a nt {ual ¥ 2 BBD 225x185 torg 1.2 =3.48 m; 8Y 3.6 m ching apron of 1,2 m th; jde 2 lun ™ thickness lai ; prota filter. Length of filter requireg

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