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Shivani Kothawade-Firefighting Case Study

The document summarizes the fire safety features of a commercial building, City Center Mall in Nashik. It details that the mall has two enclosed staircases and emergency exit doors over 1,000mm wide on each floor as required by regulations. It also has fire alarms, sprinklers, smoke detectors, fire hoses, hydrants, and an underground water storage tank, as well as signage and portable extinguishers placed according to regulations. Diagrams show the layout and working of sprinkler heads, smoke detectors, and the pumping system for hydrants and sprinklers.

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Shivani Kothawade
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3K views9 pages

Shivani Kothawade-Firefighting Case Study

The document summarizes the fire safety features of a commercial building, City Center Mall in Nashik. It details that the mall has two enclosed staircases and emergency exit doors over 1,000mm wide on each floor as required by regulations. It also has fire alarms, sprinklers, smoke detectors, fire hoses, hydrants, and an underground water storage tank, as well as signage and portable extinguishers placed according to regulations. Diagrams show the layout and working of sprinkler heads, smoke detectors, and the pumping system for hydrants and sprinklers.

Uploaded by

Shivani Kothawade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Fire Fighting Case Study: Covers the fire safety observations, structure, and emergency exit configurations of a case study on City Center Mall.
  • Fire Fighting Requirements: Presents the minimum requirements as per NBC for fire fighting installations in malls with detailed specifications for different setups.
  • Fixed Fire Fighting Installations: Explains the fixed fire fighting features, observations, and conclusions about fire safety installations in City Center Mall.
  • Portable Fire Extinguishers: Describes the use and placement of portable fire extinguishers along with signage and hose reel details.
  • Sprinkler Heads: Details the design and function of sprinkler heads, explaining their role in fire safety systems.
  • Sprinkler System Working: Provides an explanation of how the sprinkler systems operate in the City Center Mall, including system components.
  • Smoke Detectors: Outlines the operation of different types of smoke detectors used to enhance fire safety in the mall.
  • System Overview and Diagram: Provides an overview of the wet riser and sprinkler system setup through diagrams and descriptions of functionality.
  • Pumping System Diagram: Depicts the typical pumping system used for fire hydrant and sprinkler setups in the building.

FIRE FIGHTING CASE STUDY

PUBLIC BUILDING - CITY CENTER MALL,NASHIK


City center mall is a G+4 structure with one
basement floor g-1.
It is 22m high structure from ground level.

OBSERVATIONS-
▪ There are two emergency exit staircases and
the emergency exit doors(1100mm width) are
given at each floor. One staircase lead to
parking at ground floor and another directly to
the pedestrian exit.
▪ There are manual fire alarm call points fixed
besides every emergency exit door.

NBC REGULATTONS(for staircase and doors)- 1.Buildings which are 15 m in height or above
which has mixed occupancies and have area more than 500m.sq. on each floor shall have
minimum of two staircases.They shall be enclosed type and atleast one of them shall be on
externall walls and directly open to the exterior or an open space for safety.
2. Door width > 1000MM. (outward direction)
3. Open on landing of staircase not on tread.
4. The staircase should be well ventilated and have minimum 2m width
CONCLUSION- City center mall has straicases and doors as per NBC norms.
As per NBC, minimum requirements of fire fighting installations for malls (mercantile type)

R-REQUIRE
NR-NOT REQUIRE
Fixed Fire fighting installations in CITY CENTER MALL
OBSERVATIONS- 1.Fire extinguisher(portable)
2.Fire hose reel
3.Wet riser system
4.Fire Hydrant
5.Automatic sprinkler system
6.Manually operated electric fire alarm system
7.Automatic detection and fire alarm
system(smoke detector)
8.Underground static water storage tank
9.Overhead (terrace) tank
10.Pump near underground static water
tank(fire pump).
CONCLUSION- It has all the required fixed fire fighting installations as a mercantile
building as per NBC.
FIRE FIGHTING INSTALLATIONS IN CCM
PORTABLE FIRE EXTTINGUISHERS-
▪ Mounted on walls by the hangers or brackets, on each floor.
▪ Water & Foam Stored Pressure Fire Extinguisher: Stored pressure water fire
extinguishers extinguish fires by providing a cooling, soaking stream of water. Effective
for a Class A fire. are used.
▪ Installed at 1.5m height. Three container located every 200sq.m area on each floor.

SIGNAGES AND DIRECTION-


▪ Proper signages and directions were
provided

FIRE HOSE REEL-


▪ It is installed at each floor , and each 150sq.m area.
▪ located near the fire exit door,at every midlanding of fire staircase.
▪ The hose is 36m in length and its rolled on to hose reel drum, installed at 1.8 m height
from floor.
▪ The nozzle of hose reel is housed in a special bracket
▪ To operate hose reel,we have to on control valve and turn the water on by operating
nozzle.
▪ Its used only to extinguish A class fire.
SPRINKLER HEADS

1.Automatic fire sprinkler systems are networks of underground and overhead piping Note-There is 6 feet distance
fed by automatic water supply. between adjacent fire
2.The basis for a fire sprinkler system is to keep a fire at a relatively small size & under sprinkler heads
control.
3. The purpose of commercial or industrial fire sprinkler system is to provide both life
safety & property protection
• Working-
• Devices for automatically distributed water upon a fire in sufficient to extinguish it completely on to prevent
it spread
• The water is fed to the sprinklers through a system of piping normally suspended from the ceiling with the
sprinklers installed at intervals along the pipes.
• Opening of the sprinkler head, is normally kept closed, which is thrown open on the actuation of the
temperature-sensitive fusible link or fusible bulb
• The downward force of the water spray from the sprinkler also help minimise the smoke accumulation in the
room of fire besides cooling the environment promoding survival of the occupants
• Helps to offset deficiencies in fire protection requirements for e.g. longer travel distances to exits, higher fire
load density etc.

• The system in CCM mall consist of –


• Reliable source of water at desired pressure

• A regular pattern of sprinkler heads provided at top at distance of 6 feet c/c.

• Valves and piping to distribute and convey water from source to sprinkler heads

• A temperature sensitive fire detector as a built in part of the sprinkler head.

• Fire alarm system which alerts people audio visually against fire.
SMOKE DETECTORS- 7.5M

A. Ionisation detector - Respond to the invisible,


products of combustion , including small particles of
smoke Work on the principle of that the current
flowing through an ionization chamber reduces
when smoke particles enter the chamber.Electronic
circuit alarm detects the change and initiates the
alarm .
B. Optical Detectors - Reacts to the visible products of 5.3M 8M
combustion. Optical detectors note the scattering or FLOOR AREA
absorption of light due to the smoke particles in light
beam Maximum mounting heights are typically 10.5 7.5M
- 15m. They are best suited for fast burning
5M
OPTICAL DETECTORS
IONIZATION DETECTOR
14.1M

5M WIDE CORRIDOR
▪ The mall has 80,000L Underground water storage for fire
fighting.
▪ And Over head water tank of 10,000L which supplies
water at each floor in fire emergency.

WET RISER AND AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM


TYPICAL SYSTEM OF PUMPING USED FOR
FIRE HYDRANT AND SPRINKLER SYSTEM

NAME-SHIVANI KOTHAWADE
DIV-B

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