Title: Javalab simulation of Photoelectric Effect.
Objective: Photoelectric effect is deals with a phenomenon in which electrically charged particles
are released from or within a material when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation. In this experiment
we are observe-
1. Photovoltaic effect of different kind of materials.
2. Familiarized with a tool of javalab.
Theory: The photovoltaic effect can be defined as being the appearance of a potential difference
(voltage) between two layers of a semiconductor slice in which the conductivities are opposite, or
between a semiconductor and a metal, under the effect of a light stream.
The photovoltaic effect, very similar in nature to the photoelectric effect, is the physical phenomenon
responsible for the creation of an electrical potential difference (voltage) in a material when exposed
to light. The photovoltaic effect in semiconductors permits the usage of solar cells as current-
generating devices. While the photoelectric effect involves light photons knocking electrons out of a
material completely, the photovoltaic effect involves photons from a light source knocking electrons
only out of their atomic orbitals, but keeping them in the material; this allows them to flow freely
through the material.
Figure 1: Photoelectric Effect
Result Analysis:
Figure 02: Effect on Na atom
Above figure 2 shows that the curve when Irradiation intensity & wavelength is fixed but voltage is
vary. From the curve we saw that bellow of -1.6v the photon is not working. After that point the photon
effect is occur & it is increase up to 2.27 eV. When the voltage different approximately 1.6v the curve
is reach at the saturated point. After that increase the voltage but its photoelectric voltage is not
increase.
Figure 03: Effect due to radiation on Na atom
Figure 3 shows that the effect of radiation change on Na atom when voltage different and wavelength
is fixed. The curve is just like parallel towards the ev line.
Figure 04: Effect due to wavelength on Na atom
Figure 4 shows that the effect of wavelength change on Na atom when voltage different and radiation
is fixed. Here irradiation intensity is eight and voltmeter is 4.1 v. The curve is just shows that the
line in electron volt & voltage different is 4.1v.
Figure 05: Effect on Al atom
Above figure 5 shows that the curve when Irradiation intensity & wavelength is fixed but voltage is
vary for Al atom . From the curve we saw that bellow of -1.4v the photon is not working. After that
point the photon effect is occur & it is increase up to 3.74 eV. When the voltage different
approximately 1.4v the curve is reach at the saturated point( 3.74 eV point).
Figure 06: Effect due to radiation on Al atom
Figure 6 shows that the effect of radiation change on Al atom when voltage different and wavelength
is fixed. The curve is just like parallel towards the ev line at voltage point 4.1v. Here Irradiation
intensity = 10 and voltage difference is 4.1 v.
Figure 04: Effect due to wavelength on Al atom
Above figure shows that effect of wavelength change on Al atom when voltage different and radiation
is fixed. Here irradiation intensity is eight and voltmeter is 4 v. The curve is just shows that the line
in electron volt & voltage different is 4v.
Discussion: In this experiment we have familiarized & characteristics curve of different material
which are used as in the power system. Due to the present pandemic situation as our university is
closed we can't observe the above equipment in hand. But our honourable faculty did his at best to
understood us about all the materials characteristics and specifications. To make our understanding
more convenience our faculty gives us a relevant link which helps us more to understand all the
features of atoms. The main objective of this experiment was to get familiar with Photovoltaic
effect of different kind of materials by the help of javalab tools. From this experiment, we have
understood all the specifications very well which is required to fulfil this lab objective. So we can
say, the lab was successfully achieved.
References:
[1]https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Materials_Science/Supplemental_Modules_(Materials_
Science)/Solar_Basics/A._Introductory_P
[2] https://www.britannica.com/science/photoelectric-effect
[3] https://javalab.org/en/photoelectric_effect_en/
