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VARIABLE MSA - GAUGE R & R - SETUP
Instructions: Information Entry Key
1) Enter information in Setup worksheet
2) Enter information in Data worksheet
3) Remove any data in cells highlighted yellow
4) Review Results worksheet
5) Review Bias & Consistency charts
6) Review Averages & Ranges charts

SETUP

Date Units Prepared by

Gage Name Characteristic Appraiser A Name

Gage Type Specification Appraiser B Name

Gage Number Test Number Appraiser C Name

Sample Size (p) 10 Appraisers (o) 3 Trials (n) 3

Tolerance (Upper Spec Limit - Lower

Next step: Enter Data

& R - SETUP
nformation Entry Key
> setup information (optional)
> required information
> excess information - clear contents
> results information
> intermediate calculations/results

Prepared by

Appraiser A Name

Appraiser B Name

Appraiser C Name

Upper Specification Limit

Lower Specification Limit

e (Upper Spec Limit - Lower Spec Limit) 0.00

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VARIABLE MSA - GAUGE R & R - DATA ENTRY
Enter data in gold cells!
Appraiser (A):
Trial\Sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1
2
3
Average - - - - - - - -
Range - - - - - - - -

Appraiser (B):
Trial\Sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1
2
3
Average - - - - - - - -
Range - - - - - - - -

Appraiser (C):
Trial\Sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1
2
3
Average - - - - - - - -
Range - - - - - - - -

Part Average - - - - - - - -

Previous step: Setup Part Variance (sp2ave) 0.00 Range of Part

2
Next step: View Results Operator Variance (s o ave
) 0.00 Range of Appraiser
NTRY

9 10 Average
0.00
0.00
0.00
- - Xbar(A) 0.00
- - Rbar(A) 0.00

9 10 Average
0.00
0.00
0.00
- - Xbar(B) 0.00
- - Rbar(B) 0.00

9 10 Average
0.00
0.00
0.00
- - Xbar(C) 0.00
- - Rbar(C) 0.00

- - Xdoublebar 0.00
Rdoublebar 0.00
Range of Part Averages Rp 0.00
Range of Appraiser Averages Ro 0.00
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VARIABLE MSA - GAUGE R & R - RESULTS
Click here for results interpretation Click here for a key to terms used in the equations
Component Variance
AIAG Meth
MoreSteam Recommended Alternative Method
% of Total Variation % of Total Variation
REPEATABILITY - EQUIPMENT VARIATION (EV)
EV = Rdoublebar / d2*EV %EV = EV2/TV2 %EV =
EV = 0 %EV = %EV =

REPRODUCIBILITY - APPRAISER VARIATION (AV)

AV = {[Ro / d2*AV]2 - [EV2 / (n x p)]}0.5 %AV = AV2/TV2 %AV =
AV = 0 %AV = %AV =

REPEATABILITY & REPRODUCIBILITY (GRR)

GRR = (EV2 + AV2)0.5 %GRR = GRR2/TV2 %GRR =
GRR = 0 %GRR = %GRR =

PRODUCT VARIATION (PV)

PV = Rp / d2*PV %PV = PV2/TV2 %PV =
PV = 0 %PV = %PV =

S = 100% S <=> 100%

TOTAL VARIATION (TV)
TV = (EV2 + AV2 + PV2)0.5 Review Bias & Consistency Charts
TV = 0
Component Variance
Method
Interpretation of Results for the Component Variance Method

Relative Utility: Goal - at least 80% of measurement is error attributable to the product
Range of % PV Actual %PV This Means:
>= 80%
50% <= %PV < 80%
20% <= %PV < 50%
< 20%

Bias: Goal - all appraiser averages within Bias Chart control limits
Value Result: This Means:
 0
1 or 2* All appraisers averages are within the Bisas
There is no appraiser bias present
Chart control limits
# appraisers

Consistency: Goal - all appraisers ranges within Consistency Chart control limits
Value Result: This Means:
0
1 or 2* All appraisers ranges are within the The results are consistent across
Consistency Chart control limits appraisers
# appraisers
* 1 if there are 2 appraisers, 2 if there are 3 appraisers
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Interpretation of Results for the AIAG Method

Relative Utility: Goal - gauge R&R% is less than 10%

Range of % GRR Actual GRR% This Means:
<= 10%
10% < %GRR <= 30%
> 30%

System Resolution: Goal - all appraisers have at least 50% of average values outside the Averages Chart control limits
Value Result: This Means:
# Appraisers 3 appraisers have less than 50% of the The measurement system may not
averages outside the Averages Chart have adequate resolution to detect
< # Appraisers control limits part-to-part variation

Consistency: Goal - all appraisers have all range values below the Range Chart upper control limit
Value Result: This Means:
0 All appraisers ranges are within the Range The results are consistent across
# appraisers Chart control limits appraisers

* 1 if there are 2 appraisers, 2 if there are 3 appraisers

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Key to Abbreviations Used in Formulas
Rdoublebar= grand average of all Appraiser ranges
d2* = a constant used to estimate Standard Deviation
Ro = Range of Appraiser averages
Rp = Range of Part averages
p = Sample Size
n = Number of Trials
LTS
Previous step: Enter Data
AIAG Method

% of Total Variation % of Tolerance

EV/TV %EV = EV/Tol

%EV = #N/A

AV/TV %AV = AV/Tol

%AV = #N/A

GRR/TV %GRR = GRR/Tol

%GRR = #N/A

PV/TV %PV = PV/Tol

%PV = #N/A

S <=> 100%

Review Averages & Range Charts

AIAG Method

Refer To:
 AppraiserBiasChart

Refer To:
AppraiserConsistencyChart

verages Chart control limits

Refer To:

AveragesChart

Refer To:

RangeChart
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VARIABLE MSA - GAUGE R & R - BIAS & CONSISTENCY CHARTS
Click here for the Appraiser Consistency Chart Click here for the Control Limits Calculations

Appraiser Bias

0.9

0.8
Average

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

Xbar
0.1 UCL
LCL
0
0 0

Appraiser

Appraiser Consistency

0.9

0.8
Range

0.7

0.6

0.5
 0.9

0.8

Range
0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2
Rbar
0.1 UCL
LCL
0
0 0

Appraiser

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CONTROL LIMIT CALCULATIONS

Appraiser Bias Chart Appraiser Consistency Chart

Xdoublebar + ( Rdoublebar X ANOME) = UCL ( Rdoublebar X
0.0000 + 0.0000 X 0.192 = 0.000 0.0000 X

Xdoublebar - ( Rdoublebar X ANOME) = LCL ( Rdoublebar X

0.0000 - 0.0000 X 0.192 = 0.000 0.0000 X

Appraiser Chart Critical Value Tables

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Y CHARTS
Back to the Results
If all data points are
within the control
limits, there is a 95%
probability that there
is no operator bias
present.

If all data points are

within the control
limits, there is a 95%
probability that there
is no inconsistency of
measurement accross
appraisers.
 0

Appraiser Consistency Chart

UMR) = UCL
1.315 = 0.000

LMR) = LCL
0.669 = 0.000
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VARIABLE MSA - GAUGE R & R - AVERAGE AND RANGE CHARTS
Click here for the Range Chart Click here for the Control Limits Calculations

Averages Chart
1.000

0.900

0.800
Average

0.700

0.600

0.500

0.400

0.300

0.200

0.100

0.000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Trial Number
UCL
Mean LCL

Range Chart
1.000

0.900

0.800

0.700
Range

0.600
 0.900

0.800

0.700
Range

0.600

0.500

0.400

0.300

0.200

0.100

0.000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Trial Number
UCL
Mean

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CONTROL CHART CONTROL LIMIT CALCULATIONS

Range Variation # Trials D4

Rbar(A) 0.0000 2 3.267
Rbar(B) 0.0000 3 2.575
Rbar(C) 0.0000
Sum 0.0000 # Trials A2 Xdoublebar +
Rdoublebar 0.0000 2 1.880 0.0000 +
3 1.023
Max X Bar 0.0000 Xdoublebar -
Min X Bar 0.0000 0.0000 -
X bar Diff 0.0000

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TS
Click here to go back to the Results
If 50% or more of the averages
for each appraiser are are
outside the control limits, the
measurement system has
adequate resolution to detect
part-to-part variaion.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

UCL

If all data points are within the

control limit, there is no
inconsistency of measurement
accross appraisers.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ALCULATIONS

Rdoublebar x D4 = UCLR
0.0000 X 2.575 = 0.000
Note: LCL is zero with < 8 trials

( Rdoublebar X A2) = UCLX

0.0000 X 1.023 = 0.000

( Rdoublebar X A2) = LCLX

0.0000 X 1.023 = 0.000
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VARIABLE MSA - GAUGE R & R - BIAS & CONSISTENCY CHART CRITICAL VALUES

Appraiser Bias Appraiser Consistency

Analysis of Mean Effects (ANOME) Analysis of Mean Range (ANOMR)
LMR UMR
n n n
k m 2 3 ANOME.05 k m 2 3 LMR.05 k m 2
6 2 0.610 0.299 0.192 6 2 0.395 0.575 0.669 6 2 1.605
6 3 1.084 0.519 6 3 0.136 0.333 6 3 2.133
8 2 0.501 0.253 8 2 0.475 0.635 8 2 1.525
9 3 0.814 0.408 9 3 0.246 0.442 9 3 1.915
10 2 0.435 0.224 10 2 0.530 0.672 10 2 1.470
12 2 0.389 0.203 12 2 0.569 0.703 12 2 1.431
12 3 0.678 0.346 12 3 0.329 0.511 12 3 1.784
14 2 0.357 0.186 14 2 0.603 0.724 14 2 1.397
15 3 0.592 0.306 15 3 0.388 0.559 15 3 1.701
16 2 0.331 0.172 16 2 0.630 0.743 16 2 1.370
18 2 0.309 0.163 18 2 0.649 0.757 18 2 1.351
18 3 0.531 0.278 18 3 0.436 0.599 18 3 1.637
20 2 0.292 0.140 20 2 0.668 0.781 20 2 1.332
21 3 0.485 0.245 21 3 0.478 0.638 21 3 1.585
24 2 0.264 0.123 24 2 0.696 0.803 24 2 1.304
24 3 0.451 0.226 24 3 0.505 0.658 24 3 1.547
25 3 0.416 0.204 25 3 0.322 0.506 25 3 1.861
27 3 0.406 0.208 27 3 0.530 0.681 27 3 1.515
28 2 0.242 0.102 28 2 0.719 0.827 28 2 1.218
30 2 0.233 0.099 30 2 0.728 0.831 30 2 1.272
30 3 0.400 0.192 30 3 0.556 0.669 30 3 1.485

m - # appraisers, n = number of trials, k = # of measurements per trial (m x n)

In the absence of systematic differences between these m Averages/Ranges, they will all fall within the calculated
control limits 95% of the time.

These tables adopted from EMP III Using Imperfect Data, Donald Wheeler, 2006, SPC Press
AL VALUES

nsistency
ange (ANOMR)
UMR
n
3 UMR.05
1.425 1.315
1.775
1.365
1.625
1.328
1.297
1.534
1.276
1.476
1.257
1.243
1.436
1.219
1.389
1.197
1.360
1.562
1.333
1.173
1.169
1.315

within the calculated

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VARIABLE MSA - GAUGE R & R - d2* TABLE

m
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 1.41 1.91 2.24 2.48 2.67 2.83 2.96 3.08
2 1.28 1.81 2.15 2.4 2.6 2.77 2.91 3.02
3 1.23 1.77 2.12 2.38 2.58 2.75 2.89 3.01
4 1.21 1.75 2.11 2.37 2.57 2.74 2.88 3
5 1.19 1.74 2.1 2.36 2.56 2.73 2.87 2.99
6 1.18 1.73 2.09 2.35 2.56 2.73 2.87 2.99
7 1.17 1.73 2.09 2.35 2.55 2.72 2.87 2.99
8 1.17 1.72 2.08 2.35 2.55 2.72 2.87 2.98
g

9 1.16 1.72 2.08 2.34 2.55 2.72 2.86 2.98

10 1.16 1.72 2.08 2.34 2.55 2.72 2.86 2.98
11 1.16 1.71 2.08 2.34 2.55 2.72 2.86 2.98
12 1.15 1.71 2.07 2.34 2.55 2.72 2.85 2.98
13 1.15 1.71 2.07 2.34 2.55 2.71 2.85 2.98
14 1.15 1.71 2.07 2.34 2.54 2.71 2.85 2.98
15 1.15 1.71 2.07 2.34 2.54 2.71 2.85 2.98
> 15 1.128 1.693 2.059 2.326 2.534 2.704 2.847 2.97

d2*EV
Equipment 1.693 for EV --> m =# Trials, g = # Parts x # Appraisers

d2*AV
Appraisers 1.91 for AV --> m = # Appraisers, g = 1 (only 1 range)

d2*PV
Parts 3.18 for PV --> m = # Parts, g = 1 (only 1 range)
 10
3.18
3.13
3.11
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.09
3.09
3.09
3.09
3.09
3.09
3.08
3.08
3.078