KFP 60404
KAEDAH PENYELIDIKAN KUALITATIF
TAJUK :
ASSIGNMENT 3: FIELD WORK STUDY
DISEDIAKAN OLEH
NAMA NO. MATRIK PROGRAM
HEMA RAJADORAI M20201000105 MT12
PENSYARAH : PROFESOR MADYA DR. MUHAMMED YUSUF
TARIKH : 9 JULAI 2021
“Impact of Work Life Balance on Teacher’s Productivity and Job Stress.”
BY: HEMA D/O RAJA DORAI
PROFESOR MADYA DR. MUHAMMED YUSUF
1.0 Introduction
Work-life balance (WLB) is a key feature of a healthy work environment. Sustaining
work-life balance helps reduce stress and helps prevent exhaustion in the workplace (Beltrán,
et all, 2008). Stress is a universal and common challenge to organization and employee
productivity, it is the authenticity of modern day workplace (Baral, & Bhargava,2010).
Generally, employees working in different sectors and organizations have to deal with stress.
Stress impacts organizational performance, employee overall performance, high error rate and
poor quality of work and absenteeism due to health problems.
Teaching profession has traditionally been regarded as low stress occupation (French,
et.al.,1982) but during the past two decades the situation is somersaulted (Olivier & Venter,
2003). Teaching is becoming a more challenging profession worldwide. Surveys conducted
worldwide revealed widespread concern about the effects of stress on teachers’ sense of well-
being and their willingness to stay in the profession. Before 1970's, teaching was considered
as a noble profession. However, in the recent years, researches have proved that teaching
profession is one of the stressful profession (Ravichandran & Rajendran, 2007).
The purpose of this research is to investigate the Impact of Work Life Balance on
Teacher’s Productivity and Job Stress among Malaysians Primary school teachers. This
research will conduct on primary school teachers around Klang Valley area.
1.1 Research Background
This research will be focus on Impact of Work Life Balance on Teacher’s
Productivity and Job Stress. This research conducted on primary school teachers
in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Since education is part of human life, therefore the
main reason of choosing education industry is because it can help people to build
up personality, behaviour and morality.
The job for teacher is complexity. The responsibilities for teacher are teach
specialist subject to different ages, organising and involve in extracurricular,
giving feedback on student’s performance and etc. Thus, teachers must be very
enthusiasm and patient with their job. Moreover, they must come out an effective
way in teaching their student in order can encourage their student to learn and
enjoy the subjects.
Based on the past research, WLB has been a concern area since the
employees were making in reaction in the unhealthy work-life in 1980’s.
Employees will spend the valued time for their personal life rather than spend the
time with family and friend and for their leisure activities in order to carry out the
work goals (Kumar and Shiyakumar, 2011).
The imbalance of work and life was caused by working long hours and
overbearing of workloads (Jones and Bright, 2001). Employees must able to
enjoy their life besides of working because Maad (2008) has said that “We work
to live not live to work”. According to Kofodimos (1993), an imbalance between
in work and life has been reflected as a problem that will harm individual lifestyle
and well-being. So, an imbalance work-life occurred because it brings them
performing a conjuring trick on their work live and personal lives in their reality
of work-life.
1.2 Research Problem
According to the 2012 Programme for International Student Assessment
(PISA) report, Malaysia was ranked 52nd out of 65 countries. From the PISA
report, it was clearly seen that there was huge drop in Malaysia’s performance as
compared to previous assessment and the results were below the Organization for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) average.
Besides that, our neighbouring country, Singapore has significant
outperformed result as they won second place in the latest PISA ranking
(Mozihim, 2014). The poor performance from the latest PISA report showed that
Malaysian education system faced a number of key problems and it served as one
of the key concern for our group to conduct this study to improve the Malaysian
education system.
Moreover, based on the World Bank report, the quality of education in
Malaysia is not up to the standard of the highest Asian performers in the world
rankings. This means the academic performance in Malaysia still ranked behind
other regions or may have fallen even further behind. The academic performance
of Malaysia was keep dropping yet the number of teachers in Malaysia keep
rising (World Bank, 2012). This result has provided a negative sign towards
Malaysian education system and various parities need to take action towards this
key problem.
Teaching is one of the important job in the world because it helps to build up a
good personality and provide rich knowledge for students. Therefore, teachers
play a vital role in solving the key problem and improve the Malaysian education
system. The level of stress is increase steadily among the school teachers because
they have to cope with their task in order to educate student. According to
Kyriacou (2001), a professional teaching is known to be very demanding and
stressful job. According to Lee (2012), a heavy workload will affect the quality of
work and individual performance because they will have low work motivation. It
is not possible that every school teacher who under stress will educate good
students. It will also affect the teaching profession because school teachers lack
of support and resources to fulfil the student needs (Bauer et al., 2005; Bauer et
al., 2007; Weber, Weltle & Lederel., 2006).
Teachers have to spend more time to cope with increasing demand from
students and parents and to fulfil the job requirements by Malaysia’s Ministry of
Education. Job stress on teachers plays important part in balancing work-life
issues which means high level of job stress will cause impact on teachers’
productivity (Wallace, 2005; Wong & Lin, 2007).
Based on the study of Dickson-Swift (2009), Gillespie (2001), Rosser (2004)
& Shah (2012), job stress has a negative impact on employee’s work and personal
lives. High work related stress will likely to cause diseases like heart attack,
diabetes, blood pressure, headache, asthma and dizziness (Stress survey, 2001).
Therefore, teachers are trying to balance their work load with personal life and
sometimes this create positive effects as well as negative effects where no one
can avoid this stress (Mauno et al., 2006).
1.3 Importance of Research
Balancing between work and family is a big challenge for employees in
nowadays. Both family and work are demanding for high commitment. If a
person tends to give extra commitment in one side and neglect other side, conflict
may exist in either side. Stress is one of the conflict that will happen if unbalance
commitment between work and life of an employee. The research adopted Work
life balance as independent variable and employee productivity and job stress as
dependent variables in this research.
1.4 Research Objectives
The aim of this research are:
1. To examine the level of job stress among teachers.
2. To examine whether there is relationship between Work life balance and
teacher’s Productivity
3. To examine whether there is relationship between Work life balance on
teacher’s job stress
4. To examine whether there is relationship between teachers’ productivity and
teacher’s job stress
1.5 Research Questions
1. What is the impact of job stress among teachers?
2. Is there any relationship between Work life balance and teacher’s
Productivity?
3. Is there any relationship between Work life balance on teacher’s job stress?
4. Is there any relationship between teachers’ productivity and job stress?
1.6 Theoretical Framework
One of the most popular needs theories is Abraham Maslow's
hierarchy of needs theory. Maslow proposed that motivation is the result of a
person's attempt at fulfilling five basic needs: physiological, safety, social,
esteem and self-actualization. According to Maslow, these needs can create
internal pressures that can influence a person's behavior.
Self-actualization needs describe a person's need to reach his or her
full potential. The need to become what one is capable of is something that is
highly personal. While I might have the need to be a good parent, you might
have the need to hold an executive-level position within your organization.
Because this need is individualized, as a manager, you can account for this
need by providing challenging work, inviting employees to participate in
decision-making and giving them flexibility and autonomy in their jobs.
Esteem needs refer to the need for self-esteem and respect, with self-
respect being slightly more important than gaining respect and admiration
from others. As a manager, you can account for the esteem needs of your
employees by offering praise and recognition when the employee does well,
and offering promotions and additional responsibility to reflect your belief
that they are a valued employee.
Social needs, also called love and belonging, refer to the need to feel
a sense of belonging and acceptance. Social needs are important to humans so
that they do not feel alone, isolated and depressed. Friendships, family and
intimacy all work to fulfill social needs. As a manager, you can account for
the social needs of your employees by making sure each of your employees
know one another, encouraging cooperative teamwork, being an accessible
and kind supervisor and promoting a good work-life balance.
Safety needs include those needs that provide a person with a sense
of security and well-being. Personal security, financial security, good health
and protection from accidents, harm and their adverse effects are all included
in safety needs. As a manager, you can account for the safety needs of your
employees by providing safe working conditions, secure compensation (such
as a salary) and job security, which is especially important in a bad economy.
Physiological needs are those needs required for human survival such
as air, food, water, shelter, clothing and sleep. As a manager, you can account
for the physiological needs of your employees by providing comfortable
working conditions, reasonable work hours and the necessary breaks to use
the bathroom and eat and/or drink.
In this section of the assignment, researcher will discuss on the definition of
all variables from the pioneer to the latest researches who had conducted
researches with similar issue.
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Work life balance
According to Susan (2018) WLB defines as the ideal of severe one's time
and energy between work and other important aspects of their life. The
workplace that enables employees to achieve work-life balance is mainly
inspiring and rewarding employees, which makes them satisfied.
Employees, those who are happy will stay with their employer for a long
time and be more productive. (Susan, 2018). WLB is an aspect which
helps employees to balance their personal and professional lives. WLB
motivates employees to allocate their time on the basis on importance and
keep a balance by giving time to family, health, and vacations along with
making a career, business travel and so forth.
Maintaining WLB is a big challenge which increasingly acknowledged as
of strategic importance to organization and of significance to employees
(Mendis & Weerakkod, 2017). According to Sverke,Helgren & Naswell
(2002),stress gave a negative consequences for an individual and its effect
the performance at work place.
2.2 Employees’ performance
“Employee Performance” defines individual’s commitment towards work
based on the required effort on the job which is related with good
performance. (Hellriegel, Jackson, & Slocum, 1999; Karakas, 2010). There
is always will have a connectivity between work life balance and
employee performance in order to achieve the goal of an organisation.
Teachers are facing challenges in dealing with work life balance due to the
work load which impact their performance. Recently in Malaysia,
participation in teaching profession has increased. The increasing trend of
participation in the teaching profession poses challenges in families,
especially in the developing countries like Malaysia. One of these
challenges, concerns in balancing their role between family and job
responsibility that faced by many teachers.
2.3 Job stress at work place
Generally, stress is defined as worry or pressure that is caused by having
too much to deal with (New Oxford Dictionary 2nd ed., 2009; 819).
However, Hinkle (1987) stated that stress can be defined differently by
researchers from various disciplines. One of the famous psychologists,
Skinner (1985), as cited in Global Organisation for Stress, (n.d.) suggested
that stress is “a reaction of a particular individual to a stimulus event”.
Teachers have been burden also for the administration work in school and
they need to make sure the performance of the students. High commitment
demands from these two domains can bring impact to the WLB. Ample
researches were conducted on teachers Work life balance as it has been
found that teaching is a stressful profession (Rosser, 2004). Another most
important reason for studying teachers on the aspect of Work life balance
is that, many teachers struggle in dealing with unbalance work life
structure due to workloads which caused stress (Acker 1996). Clark (1989)
concluded that it is the teaching profession that has different dimensions
such as pattern of work, authority, identification and career.
Figure 2 illustrates work stress faced by Malaysian
employees in year 2015 (Sobri, 2015) taken from the International Journal
of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2017. This graph
highlights the burnout issue of employees in Malaysia. It is also shows
how employees suffer with their various stress which effects their WLBA
this problem effected employees’ life balance it makes them to live a poor
and unhealthier life(Sobri,2015). I encountered this as a serious issue now
and it need to be solved immediately as it is necessary to all the employees
to live happily. Therefore, it is vital to do a research on how to handle this
burnout problem among Malaysian employees.
Hasan (2014) studied the occupational stress of primary school teachers of
primary government and private school teachers. The findings revealed
that primary school teachers have found to be highly stressed. Findings
also revealed that the private primary school teachers have also found to be
highly stressed in comparison to their government primary school teacher
counterparts.
Manabete, John, Makinde & Duwa (2016) conducted a research on job
stress among school administrators and teachers in Nigerian secondary
schools and technical colleges. They examined stress, job or workplace
stress among teachers in Nigeria. Findings revealed that role ambiguity,
poor relations with boss, work overload are the main sources of stress
among teachers.
3.0 Research Methodology
In this section of the assignment, the researcher will further discuss the
primary objectives and proposes on conducting a study and research on impact of
work-life balance on employee productivity on job stress. To further access, this
part will elaborate the research design, research method, procedure and data
collections, data collection method, data collection tools and questionnaire. Each
part will be supported with the academic references which will help the research
to remain focus on the deliverables.
3.1Research Design
In conducting research, research design become a key component
where planning, methods and ways of the implementation is important
(Hakim, 1987). According to Burns and Grove (2003) research design is a
blueprint of performing a research or study together with a control over
factors that may arise and effect the integrity and validity of a findings.
Burns and Groom also claimed that the success or failure of a research rely
on how well the topic or research area defined with clear objectives, goals
and proper justifications. There are common research methods or design in
conducting a research. They are descriptive, exploratory, and explanatory.
Descriptive research methods involves data that describes events,
consistently organize, table it and work on the data collections
( Glass&Hopkins, 1984). Based on Rahi (2017) Explanatory method is a
well-known as a casual research where it conducts impact of assessment of
a certain change on the existing and various processes to build and test a
theory. Exploratory research method is often defines as collecting data or
information in a unstructured way and it is very beneficial for researchers
to know everything about the area of study (Burns & Bush, 2005).
3.2 Research Method
In this study, researcher use qualitative method in order to collect data.
Qualitative research are a type of method usually used in research to find
and provide non-numerical observations. Besides, qualitative studies also
provide the information, interpretation, or real meaning in a
communication process. However, the qualitative method focuses more on
trying to explain human nature and the circumstances by using a general
view of any social action.
As mentioned by Rahi (2007), the outcomes of this method will help
researcher to execute the explanatory research to find the gaps/ issues and
the key variables in the research for future recommendations. Researcher
also found more benefit when opting for explanatory method as it will
enable the researcher while investigation.
3.4 Procedure and Data Collections Method
Data collection method is one of the important aspect in concluding a
research therefore getting it utmost accurate is extremely important (Hox
& Boejie, 2005). Collis and Hussey (2003) also added there are two type
of data collection method which can be used in conducting a research.
They are qualitative and quantitative. According to the same researcher
qualitative is further broken down to questionnaire and interview.
Quantitative is divided to-in-depth interview, observations, document
reviews and creating a focus group. Often the demographic and size of the
research play a role in determining what method need to be applied to gain
the best outcomes in conducting a research (Collis & Hussey,2003). Based
on the area of this research paper with time and resource playing a vast
value, researcher decided to use qualitative which is conducting interview
session as a tool of data collection method was adopted as a primary
source of information gathering. Reason of adopting this method is due to
fact limited to no data is available hence the need to go down to the grass
root to obtain the information (Myers et al, 2008).
The interview data required for the study were collected from primary
school teachers around Klang valley area. The primary data has been
collected directly from teaching professionals by using the pre-defined
well-structured questionnaire. Totally 3 samples were collected to conduct
this research. In order to interpret the data to arrive at findings from the
study, the data analysis tool which is NVIVO Version 10 will be used.
3.5 Data Collection Tools
For this research paper researcher will be using structured questions as
a mechanism to conduct the interview. In order to obtained feedback,
researcher prepared a set of questions which has the direct intention to
obtain soonest responds from the intended respondents. In order to collect
effective and quality data a researcher must design questions which has the
correct direction therefore getting it right from beginning is extremely
crucial. According to Robinson (2004), Likert scale is most commonly
used to obtains feedback from respondents for any research conducted. To
conduct this research researcher designed 4 main research question which
has 4 main factors which related to the topic of the research. From the 4
main research questions researcher develops 4 minor research questions
for each main factors respectively. In total there will be 20 research
questions has been design to conduct the interview session with
respondents.
Bomen (1998), mentioned that the main reason behind the separation
in demographic is to obtain a better understanding aside measuring
individual preferences in the demography. To ease and a smooth sailing of
data instruments, interview questions was build and around the
respondents’ demography like 1) age, 2) ethnic group, 3) marital status 4)
educational qualification and 5) years of working experience. Besides that
to support the existence of each variables, a total of 15 Likert scale
questionnaire generated where five (5) each questions represented
WLB(5), employee productivity(5) and level of stress(5). A simple and
direct with clear usage of word choice was used to develop the questions
which will help the respondents to easily understand and respond
efficiently. This will help the researcher to get a valid and reliable results
from the respondents.
3.6 Target Population and Sampling Method
The sampling process is deemed an important exercise as described by
Wimmer & Dominick (2003) where that sample is “subset of population that
is represented of entire population”. In nutshell, if the sampling is done
correctly together with the appropriate process adhered, the overall outcome
will be able to represent the entire population. Based on researcher Gliner and
Morgan (2000), by using sampling, cost, time, and effort can be optimised as
interviewing and observing can be costly and focussing on broader population
is best fit rather individual participants. Population or target audience is also
known as a group of people, events, sequence of interest where the researcher
is keen to investigate or explore gaps (Cavana, Delahaye, Sekaran, 2001). As
far as the research paper is concerned, the research boundaries sit and resides
around the topic of the research called impact of WLB on employee
productivity and teachers’ job stress. Keeping the topic in mine and
demographics, intended population group of people are those who are working
in primary schools in Malaysia. With the well-defined scope and target
audience/ population, it helped researcher to save time, effort and cost in
conducting the research and most important the integrity and creditability of
the data collection.
According to Cavana et al.,(2001), sampling is an element considered
as a single member of a population therefore in summary, every individual
from the intended audience is considered an element. For this research paper,
the sampling element is wide due to the fact the demography is in concerned.
This is due to the fact where research is working adult who are currently
actively working from any age group, marital status, educational background
and working experience. As described, known probability sampling method
will be adopted due to limited time and resources availability.
3.7 Data Analysis Plan
In this research the data analysis tool NVIVO will be used to indicate the
impact of work life balance on employee productivity and job stress of
primary school teachers for the conducted interview result. The searching
facilities in NVivo can add rigour to the analysis process by allowing the
researcher to carry out quick and accurate searches of a particular type (the
researcher may be reluctant to carry out these searches manually,
especially if the data set is large), and can add to the validity of the results
by ensuring that all instances of a particular usage are found, this searching
needs to be married with manual scrutiny techniques so that the data are in
fact thoroughly interrogated
3.8 Ethical issues and accessibility
There will be minimum ethical issue arises, as most of the respondents
will be voluntarily to participate without any force and no pressure is
given. As respondents are given time to participate in the questionnaire
sent. A consent statement will be mentioned in the interview session and
privacy will be protected. The research will not disclose any personal
information of the respondents to ensure private and
confidential.Researcher will design a questions and will be conduct
interview from primary school teachers around the Klang Valley.
4.0 Research Finding
Figure 1: Transcript of Interview from Respondent 3
Figure 1 shows the sample transcripts that retrieved from respondent 3 by
researcher. This descriptive data will be analized using NVivo software and it wiill be
discussed in below.
4.1 Data Analysis Using NVivo
The data were analyzed using a qualitative data analysis program,
QSR NUD*IST (Nonnumerical Unstructured Data Indexing Searching and
Theorizing) Vivo 1.2., also called NVivo which was launched in May 1999
(the screenshots used in this paper are from version 1.2. Now, NVivo has an
updated version of 2.0). NVivo was very helpful while building a rigorous
database for the data analyzed. It demonstrated very clearly all the data coded
and the way it had been coded. The relationships explored by the researcher
among the data sources could be seen easily in the two browsers of NVivo.
Also, the management of these long data files was very easy using NVivo.
4.1.1 Analysis of Constructivist Data Using NVivo
NVivo has two main menus: Document browser and Node browser.
In this study researcher use Node browser. a node is coded data related to
the study (Some QDA packages such as NVivo have their own
terminology). In NVivo there are three options to code data: free nodes
(coded but not categorized nodes), tree codes (codes in a hierarchical
mode), and case nodes (codes categorized under different cases). The node
browser looks very similar to the document browser and in fact, all the
functions of document browser have equivalents in the node browser.
However, the major difference between these two browsers is that in the
node browser it is not possible to view texts but only references to
documents.
1. What is the impact of job stress among teachers?
2. Is there any relationship between Work life balance and teacher’s
Productivity?
3. Is there any relationship between Work life balance on teacher’s job stress?
4. Is there any relationship between teachers’ productivity and job stress?
Figure 2: Insert transcript into NVivo software
Figure 3: Highlighting keywords for coding
Figure 4: Coding for interview transcript of Respondent 1. Respondent 2
and Respondent 3
Figure 5: Checking with coding from all three interview transcripts
Figure 6: Coding of all the three interview scripts
Figure 7 : Finally all the coding has been highlighted.
4.1.2 Using NVivo in the Analysis of Different Data Sources
Researcher transcribed interview data and field notes were transferred into
electronic formats in the early stages of the study (In fact, all the data were already
stored in researcher’s computer as Microsoft Word documents before this transfer).
They were only converted from word format (.doc extension) into rich text file format
(.rtf extensions) in order to process them as NVivo document files and use the
NVivo’s rich text and visual coding features. After completing these conversions all
the interview files as well as field note files were transferred into the NVivo
Document browser.
Videotapes recorded for the interview session was transformed from visual
and verbal expressions to written text after encoding the transcripts. This was one of
the most difficult parts of the data that were analyzed. Therefore, content of the each
video clip was described giving information about what they are doing, the process of
accomplishing these tasks, and the informal interviews with the children
The following illustration in Figure2 until Figure 7 are to exemplify the interview data
that are analyzed around some emerged codes (Interviews were the richest part of the
data in this study). During the coding process, the phrases, sometimes all paragraph,
sometimes a single word, have been highlighted then either the title of a new code
typed in the node field area in the bottom or an existed node title was selected, and the
enter button pressed. “Speed coding” which is a very helpful coding function becomes
a one-second job after qualitative researchers have had some experience using NVivo.
Speed coding allows the researcher to change the order of codes, names, types, and
descriptions.
5.0 Discussion
This section will focus on the objectives in order to discuss and draw conclusion on
the impact of work life balance on employee productivity and job stress in Malaysia.
Objective 1: To examine the level of job stress among teachers
The first objective for this research was the level of job stress among teachers. Most of the
previous study conducted has shown a positive significant impact on teachers’ job stress. In
this research outcome for the objective 1 was shows positive significant impact on work life
balance on employee productivity. Based on the research questions, it is noticeable that Work
life Balance is positively influence on Job stress among primary school teachers in Malaysia.
Objective 2: To examine whether there is relationship between Work life balance and
teacher’s Productivity
The second objective of this research was to examine the impact of relationship between
Work life balance and teacher’s Productivity. In past researches researchers claimed that it
was positive significant impact on stress level (Grint, 2011). However, the finding and
analysis shown impact on work life balance on level of stress revealed the negative
insignificant impact by the respondents. Based on the interview conducted the respondents
conclude that the teachers are failed to make their stress level under control due to unrelated
job that was assigned and this impacted on their work life balance.
Objective 3: To examine whether there is relationship between Work life balance on teacher’s
job stress
The third objective was to examine the relationship between Work life balance on teacher’s
job stress. Most of the previous studies conclude that level of stress has positive significant
impact on employee productivity. However the outcome of this research were concerned with
respondents. The result of finding shows negative impact on level of stress on employee
productivity. This is because majority of primary school teachers are working under time
pressure due to deadline tasks and having uncertainty on work responsibilities that they are
holding.
Objective 4: To examine whether there is relationship between teachers’ productivity and
teacher’s job stress
The fourth and final objective of this research was to examine the effect of Level of
job stress on the relationship between Employee productivity. The outcome is shown clearly
as effect of stress as it creates major impact in maintaining work life balance on employee
productivity on primary school teachers.
5.1 Recommendations
There is a few recommendations that I suggest to be implement for teachers, in
dealing with impact of work life balance on employee productivity mediated by level of stress
in Malaysia. First, it is important to get moral support which is sharing the problem with
family members and friends to reduce stress. According to Selvarajan, Cloninger, and Singh
(2013) found that social support influences work-life balance. Social support from supervisors
and family provide a great impact to reduce stress level and it helps to perform their
respective errands be it in the workplace.
Another suggestion in dealing with work life balance of teachers in handling their
stress level is scheduling back for personal time, family, and friends. This is because it can
balance our work and life without stress or anxiety. According to past research findings,
scheduling the personal time, with family and friends as a solution to dealing work life
balance among teachers especially women who are working in the education field. A study
conducted by (Nijp and friends, 2012) revealed that employee can perceived flexibility on
their work and life when employee changing their location or scheduling of work to fit
personal circumstances can affect their positive effects of flexible work practices on work life
balance, for health and wellbeing as well as their job outcomes. This implementation of idea
could develop healthy work life to teachers in Malaysia as majority of teachers taking
treatments and mental therapies to overcome their stress at work place.
Not only that this paper also will help the school administrator and Ministry of
Higher of Education can use this paper to improve the policies of working environment and
can revise back about work overload among teachers.
5.3 Geographical Exposure
This study research was only focussed among primary school teacher in both
government and private sectors. It is recommended to do research on both primary and
secondary level teachers to analyse the different level of stress they are going through which
impacts their work life balance
This research is also only done around teachers in klang valley. For future research it is very
much recommended to focus more on both rural and urban area of school teachers to
differentiate their work life balance and stress level. By doing this, researcher can notify the
relationship of environment on human’s life and emotions which impact work life balance.
6.0 Conclusion
In conclusion, the result of the study shows that work life balance of primary school teachers
has impact on their productivity as well as the stress that they are facing. This study helps to
make good understanding on job stress which gives major impacts on their performance
which influence the work life balance. Last but not least, usage of NVivo software has gives
reliable and valid results through transcripts gathered from intervies of three primary school
teacher.
7.0 References
Abhijeet R.& Sneha M.(2018)., A Study on Work Stress And Its Impacts on Employee’s
Productivity With Respect To Teacher’s (Self Financing), Retrieved from :
http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/Conf.ADMIFMS1808- 2018/Volume-
1/3.%2015-23.pdf
Awan, A. (2015). Impact of working environment on employee’s productivity: A case study
of banks and insurance companies in Pakistan. European Journal of Business and
Management, 7(1), 329-345.
Baral, R. & Bhargava, S. (2010). Work-family enrichment as a mediator between
organizational interventions for work-life balance and job outcomes. Journal of
Managerial Psychology, 25 (3), 274-300.
Beltrán-Martín, I., Roca-Puig, V., Escrig-Tena, A. & Bou-Llusar, J. (2008). Human resource
flexibility as a mediating variable between high performance work systems and
performance. Journal of Management , 34 (5), 1009-1044
Cohen, Louis, et al (2000). Research Methods in Education, 5th Edition. London.
Clark SC (2000) Work/family border theory: a new theory of work/family balance. Human
Relations 53:747–770
Creating Work-Life Balance Among School Teachers In Secondary School In Kampar,
Perak: A Study On Job Stress retrieved from 2016- 1205430.pdf
Darcy. J., (2015)., Boundary Theory, Work/Life Balance and Mindfulness., Retrieved from,
https://resources.globoforce.com/globoforce-blog/boundary-theory-work-life balance-
andmindfulness
Dr. Balamurugan. G. & Prabakaran. A. (2017)., A Study On Impact Of Stress Towards
Employee Productivity In IT Sector At Chennai., Retrieved from:
http://researchscripts.org/global/articles/IJHRM/h201702001.pdf
Dr. Nirod K. Dash, Module: Selection of the Research Paradigm and Methodology,
Manchester metropolitan University, June 2005
Dudovskiy, J., (2018)., Research Methodology. Retrieved from: http: research
methodology.net/research-philosophy/positivism/
Gordon, L., & Bedson, G. (1999)., New Oxford Dictionary, 2nd ed., 2009; 819.:
OxfordUniversityPresshttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/45109136_Worfamil
y_balan ce_Theoretical_and_empirical_advancements
Grady, G., McCarthy, A.M. (2008), Work-life integration: Experiences of mid-career
professional working mothers. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23, 599-622.
Harder Komal. S., & Yasir. A. F., (2014)., Examining the Relationship between Work Life
Balance, Job Stress and Job Satisfaction Among University Teachers . (A Case of
University of Gujrat),
Hasan, D. A.(2014). A Study of occupational stress of Primary school teachers. Hasan, A. /
Educationia Confab, 3(4), 11-19.
Hellriegel, D., Jackson, S.E., Slocum, J., Staudé, G., Amos, T., Klopper, H.B., Louw, L.,
Louw, M., Oosthuizen, T., Perks, S., Staude, G., Zindiwe, S. (2004). Management.
Cape Town, South Africa: Oxford University Press.
Irfan A. & Dr. Feza T. A. (2015)., “Work Life Balance among Teachers: An Empirical
Study”., retrieved from : http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/Vol17-
issue2/Version- 3/A017230111.pdf Jim Bird, (2003), Work-Life Balance Defined.,
Retrieved from: https://worklifebalance.com/work-life-balance-defined/
Katherine L. (2018) Survey Finds Employees With Good Work-Life Benefits Work
Kendra Cherry, (2009). The 5 Levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs., retrieved from
:https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs-4136760
Madsen, D. (2016). 'SWOT Analysis: A Management Fashion Perspective,' International
Journal of Business Research, 16 (1), 39-56., Retrieved from
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_05.htm
Manabete, D.S.S., John, C.A., Makinde, A. A., & Duwa, S.T. (2016). Job Stress among
School Administrators’ and Teachers in Nigerian Secondary Schools and Technical
Colleges. International Journal of Education, Learning and Development, 4(2), 9-24.
Martins, L., Eddleston, K. & Veiga, J. (2002). Moderators of the relationship between work
family conflict and career satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal,45 (2), 399- 409
M.D.V.S. Mendis & W.A.S. Weeratkodi, (2017). The Impact Of Work Life Balance On
Employee Performance with Reference to Telecommunications Industries ,
