SE ee ANALYTICS INTELLIGENCE nmon mistakes and perfect your skills intelligently. * Diogo Tots for progresve assessment with NUADU FREE resources available Soest la ian cea oe to WWW.SapgFp.com ‘+ Additional reproducible activities and worksheets '* Lesson plans available at onlineresources.sapgrp.com/teachers © 24 Lessons with Notes and Examples 73 Exercises, over 550 Questions © Glossary © Additional digital resources to complete learning experience © Answers ° —|2] Fa) ee oa +e leedback an Workbook =—— progress report ota ‘Improve results j with unlimited Bractice 7 Adaptive learning O with assessment and analytics toolsHello! ‘Thank you for choosing this book! You can now use NUADU along with it. NUADU is an online assessment and analytics service that allows you to work on assignments online, helps track your progress and provides unlimited practice on the assessments of your choice. LEARNING GRAMMAR oe mar skills Sea) Access code Claim your NUADU access in 4 simple steps: For new users: 1. Go to www.system.nuadu.com/signup cr scan the QR code below: Bate 3 Asi aelolela 2. AtSign up, enter a valid e-mail address ‘and create a password, 3. Choose your country. Project Editor 4. Click Redeem Code and enter your Angela Leu access code when prompted. For existing users: Editorial Consurtant 1. Go to www.system.nuadu.com/login. 2, Login to your account 3. Click Access Code and enter your access code when prompted Dr Lana Israel Have fun learning with NUADU! NUADU The Assessment CompanyraleTeztaree) Learning Grammar Workbook 6 ‘New Edition 2018 © Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd Published and Distributed by: ‘Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd 219 Henderson Road #10-04 Henderson Industrial Park. Singapore 159556 ‘Tel: +65 6276 8280 Fax: +65 6276 8292 Email: [email protected] Website: www-sapgrp.com Facebook: Singapore-Asia-Publishers ALLRIGHTS RESERVED Allright reserved. No par ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, or transmitted {in any form or by amy means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission ofthe publishers. ISBN-13 978-981-3212-88.6 ISBN-10981-3212-88.8 Printed in Singapore SAP Global Partners’ Network: Antigua & Barbuda Grenada Nepal South Aftica Australia Guyana New Zealand South Korea Bahrain Hong Kong Nigesia Sri Lanka Bangladesh Pakistan Syria Barbados Papua New Guinea Taiwan Bhutan Pera Tanzania Botswana Philippines Thailand Brazil Poland “Trinidad & Tobego Brunei Portugal United Arab Emirates Cambodia Quar United Kingdom Canada Rwanda United States of America Chile Malawi Saint Lucia Vietnam China Malaysia Sain Vincent & the Grenadines Zambia Colombia Maldives Saudi Arabia Zimbabwe Martius Seychelles Myanmar Singapore Nami Solomon Islands For international business enquiries, email [email protected]LEARNING GRAMMAR WORKBOOK 6 is specially designed to teach students the correct use of grammar in the English language. Lessons and exercises can be easily removed and presented as homework, class work or quizzes. The glossary and answer pages can be removed and filed away for future reference. Table of Contents This shows clearly the objectives of each lesson, making it easy to identify and pick specific grammar topics for learning. Grammar Lessons Each lesson has a specific learning focus and begins with concise explanatory notes and examples. Practice Exercises The exercises are designed to supplement learning and provide relevant practice ‘on the grammar topics taught. Glossary Selected words from each lesson and their meanings are found here to help build vocabulary and improve comprehension. Answers Designed as an independent booklet, the answer key contains answers to all questions, including suggested answers for open-ended questions. ©@ Enhanced Learning FREE resource: or goto www.sapgi Additional Reproducible Activities Reproducible worksheets on selected topics are available here. These are useful as quick assessments of a child's understanding of the work taught. Lesson Plans for Parents and Teachers Ideas and suggestions on how to present each lesson to enhance learning are provided here. These are useful resources for both classroom and home leaming. www.nuadu.com Use NUADU with this book! Improve your results with unlimited NUADU practice and instant, real-time feedback. Track your progress and complete assignments on your computer, tablet or smartphone. Get started now! The Editorial TeamCONTENTS Leaming Objectives. REQUESTS USING. 2 © UEXERCSE2 8 EXERCISE 34 EXERCISE 35 EXERCISE 36 EXERCISES ; tos] bag | ADVERB CLAUSES OF REASON USING | ‘BECAUSE, AS" OR SINCE | | EXERCISE Ss emercses9 EXERCISE S "ADAPTIVE LEARNING: L _ EXERCISE 6 Diagnostic Test 2 3 ADVERB CLAUS | MUADU Lestons B= 13 ; "EXERCISE? 14 THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE EXERCISER _ EXERCISE 40 EXERCISE 9 19 eRe EXERCISE 10 20 | 2, | PRESENT AND THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS 21 | 4 BXPRESSING FUTURE IME USING THE | TENSES EXERCISE 44 EXERCISE a } MODAIS EXERCISE 12 EXERCISE 45 76 [REALS OUGHTIOV AND SHOU — 7 Mepanes Saueoniod EROS? 8 eres ‘CONCORD OR SUBJECT.VERB | EXERCISE 14 = eomconnd ” "EXERCISE 15 DERCRE AS | arcs once © CONDITIONAL CLAUSES EXERCISE 50 EXERCISE 17 cl 16 REPORTED SPEECH EXERCISE 18 at “BERCSEST BERCSEN9 32 | EXERCISE 52 | INDEFNTEARTCLE'A'OR'AN, SORCSE ES BaTE ARTICLE/A| OF ‘AMC EIEES | aa "ADAPTIVE LEARNING: oe 35 Diagnostic Test 3 37 NUADU Lessons 14 EXERCISE 22 8 49 | ADVERB CLAUSES [S) Aare zanna: Diagnostic Test 1 wuapulesons1-7 EXERCSESS 8 [AND ONE ANOnE NCNM 9 20. NOUNS — REGULAR Al @ —+ EXERCISE 57 were 9 PHRASAL VERBS 6 “ “EXERCISE 25 UEXERCISE26 | EXERCISE 27 (10 PASSIVEVOICE 22 | ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY | w | | PERRO 100 i EXERCISE 63 “101 on ‘ADAPTIVE LEARNING: Diagnostic Test 4 | | EXERCSES ar) NUADU Lessons 19-22 _ Glossary (page 103) 1-43) "EXERCISE 32 precLESSON ‘Would’ and ‘could’ are modal verbs. Modal verbs ‘help’ other verbs. Both ‘would’ and ‘could’ make what we say or write POLITE. We use ‘would’ or ‘could’ if we want to ask someone to do something or if we want to ask someone for something. We canuse ‘would’ when we are asking someone something or to do something politely. _ Examples _ Would you like to have some cake? Would you help me wash the car? Would you come with me to the market? Would you lend me a book? We can use ‘could’ when we are asking someone for something politely. Examples _ Could | borrow your pen? Could you lend me one dollar? ‘Could’ is also used when we ask someone to do something, but we are not sure if the person has the time to do it or if it will be too difficult for the person to do. Examples _ Could you call me tomorrow? (Perhaps you will be busy tomorrow.) Could you return those books to me? (Perhaps you have not finished reading them.) Could you move the desk closer to the window? (Perhaps the desk is too heavy for you to move.) Could you show me the way to the library? | (Perhaps the library is out of your way or perhaps you are busy.) } Leaming ee SEG |’. ist (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pie LitName: Class: Date: PRES EXERCISE 1 |< a Fill in each blank with ‘would’ or ‘could’. @ you like a cup of coffee? (2) I borrow your bicycle? 13) —_____ you post this letter for me? A ___ you help me with my homework, please? “5 you mind not making so much noise? 16 I come to your house at six o'clock this evening? ‘7 you lend me your pen? — we go to the cinema tonight? @ a you help me clear the table? you mind telling me the time now? you show me how to use the camera? __-you like another piece of cake? ee ee Workbook 6 re (© Singapoce Asia Publishers Pre LatName: Class: Date: REO Fd EXERCISE 2 Eamaemainmatierasy cas oe Make polite requests using ‘would’ or ‘could’ as shown in brackets. “rans 1. Ask David whether you could borrow his bicycle. (=>) | David, could | borrow your bicycle? 2. Ask Patrick to lend you his book. (would) Patrick, would you lend me your book? 1) Ask Mary to calll back later. (©0010) Mary, - Be 2 (3 Ask Ray to show you how to operate the machine. (0.0) Ray, Oo = (4) Ask your father to tell you a bedtime story. (-00)) Father, —? | 5 Ask Mrs Wilkins whether she would like a drink. (/0\\4) Mrs Wilkins, ee 2 6 Ask Lionel to pass you the dictionary. (01) Lionel, — rs pRepammacmceTan 3 | ne ——— (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Lud@ Ask Mark to accompany you to the doctor's. (ou) Mark, - Oo a = 2 8 Ask the teacher to explain the difficult word again. (00) Teache, — © 9 Ask Sandra to go jogging with us. (ula) Sanda, eeeneee re TeNEEEEEEENNEEEEC 410. Ask Richard whether we could come along with him. (-ov'0) Richard, nn Learn to use ‘would’ and ‘could’ when making requests. Go to My SAPedueation App oF \\\ spzrp com Leaning Grammar Workbook 6 (4) (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte LudName: Class: Date: RGSS a EXERCISE 3 Rewrite the following sentences into polite requests using ‘would’ or ‘could’. oars 1. Lend me your ruler. Would you lend me your ruler? 2. | would like a cup of tea. Could | have a cup of tea? 8B | want to borrow your pencil. (2) switch on the light. (3) want to see you now. @ Lend me a hand. oe Meet me tonight. 8 Help me with my homework. ‘Leaning Gs [© Singapoce Asia Publishers Pre LidNOTES (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pre LidA clause is a part of a sentence that gives us additional information about something that is said. She did not eat because she was not feeling hungry. (The bold parts of the sentence give us additional information about why she did not eat.) As the floor was wet and slippery, | almost fell. {All the bold parts of the sentences are called clauses. Each clause gives more information about what is said in the other part of the sentence.) A clause that begins with the conjunction ‘because’, ‘as’ or ‘since’ are called an adverb clause of reason. An adverb clause of reason tells us why something happens. She was very happy because she passed her examination. 1am going to sleep now as | have to wake up early tomorrow. | will help my father to wash the car since | am free. An adverb clause starting with ‘because’ may come in the later part of the sentence. Julie did not go to school because she was sick. Asentence may also begin with an adverb clause starting with ‘as’ or ‘since’. Example _ Since Julie was sick, she did not go to school. : —— aR CE Uae? eR TLE SITIES (© Singapore Asa Publishers Pte LidName: Class: Date: SER) EXERCISE 4 ud thie on Choose the correct answer and write its number in the brackets. a She asked foraglassofwater | (1) because she was tired (2) because it was a cold day (3) because she was thirsty () © 2 Sharon is popular in school (1), because she is rude and lazy (2) because she is honest and polite (3) because she is proud and conceited () 3 Raysonwalkstoschool = (1) because he has no driving licence (2) because his home is near the school (3) because he is always late ( ) o a , they have withered. (1) Since the plants are beautiful (2) Since the plants did not bear fruit (3) Since you did not water the plants () 5. The children went to bed early (1) because they wanted to wake up late (2) because they were tired (3) because they failed the examination ()(6) The football match was postponed (1). as it was raining heavily (2) as the referee blew his whistle (3) as the teams were well trained ( |7 The teacher scolded Alex (1) because he was hard-working (2) because he did not complete his homework (3). because he wanted to go to bed () 8 Mr Stevenson switched on the radio (1) since he wanted to listen to the news (2) since he wanted to see a programme (3) since he wanted to go to bed ( ) "9 Miss Willows could not afford to buy the dress (1) because it was too pretty (2) because it was too cheap (3), because it was too expensive 4 0 Gerard was veryhappy sis (1) because his team had lost the match (2) because he had passed his examination (3) because he was late for school ( ) “Leaning Grammar Workbook 6 i. a (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pie LadName: Class: Date: aes EXERCISE § [eae Saal Answer each question using ‘because’ and the words in the brackets. Why was Judy absent from school? (sick) She was absent from school because she was sick. (1) Why didn't Michael buy the shoes? (@xeensive) He ——__— (2) Why did you switch on the fan? (warn) a Why is she opening her umbrella? (aining) She —— (4) Why did your father stop smoking? (bad for his health) He __ Oo a B Why was the prisoner released? (nnocen') He — (1) Why didn't you take a taxi? (no! enough money) ‘Leaming Grammar Workbook 6 (10) (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pre Lidwa Why is Ben crying? (hungry) He . ——————————————————— (8) Why are the police officers chasing the men? (robbed a bank) Te (9) Why is she miserable? (‘clled the examination) She _ (70) Why did the campers build a fire? (co!) Sees G1) Why did your mother punish you? (naughty) She 112) Why did the sailors abandon the ship? (sinking) They Leaning Grammar Workbook 6 an) — © Singapore Asia Publishers Pe LiName: Class: Date: SRS Gs EXERCISE 6 SPRURS Eas Join each pair of sentences using ‘because’, ‘as’ or ‘since’ as shown in the brackets. Sam went to the dentist's. He had a toothache. (because) Sam went to the dentist's because he had a toothache. (7) MrPeterson was upset. He had lost his wallet. (because) Mr Peterson ZB It was raining heavily. The tournament had to be postponed. (_ ) The tournament — {sally could not come to the party. She was ill. (since) - she could not 1@) twas dark. | switched on the light. (oecause) | = & The bridegroom was late. He rushed to church, (because) The bridegroom ea The farmer was very angry. The merchants had cheated him. (Oecause) The farmer nee a He behaved very rudely. Everyone disliked him. (sce) — , everyone a Mr Willis was late for work. His car broke down. (“1:) Mr Willis ‘Learning Grammar Workbook 6 12 Reseree a Reece stra (© Singapore Asa Publishers Pte LidAn adverb clause of result may begin with the connective ‘so ... that’ or ‘such ... that’. This usually tells us that one thing happens, happened or will happen because of, or as a result of, an action or situation. Sometimes, we do something because we want something to happen. This thing that happens because of what we do is referred to as the result. It is common to use the connective ‘so that’ in the adverb clause of purpose. Examples | booked the tickets for the movie early so that we could get good seats. | work hard so that! can Pass my examinations. Sometimes, we do something, and something else happens as a result. We can use an adverb clause of result to show this. , Examples rs \ | worked so hard that | fell ill. | | ran so fast that I tripped and fell. (The boid parts of the sente’ did.) 5 tell us what happened as a result of w Sometimes, something else could also happen as a result of a particular situation. We use an adverb clause of result to show this. Examples The movie was so funny that we could not stop laughing. He is so proud that nobody likes him. I was so frightened by the sight of the big dog that I froze. us what happened as a result of a Learning Grammar (Sipps Asa blir Pe LidWith the connective ‘so ... that’ in an adverb clause of result, it is usual to use a simple adjective or adverb with it. | et desk is so heavy that | cannot move it. adjective heavy) He spoke so softly that | could not hear him. adverb: solily, With the connective ‘such ... that’ in an adverb clause of result, it is usual to use noun phrase (‘a/an’ + adjective + noun) with it. It was such a hot day that | decided to go for a swim. It was such an unfriendly dog that we all avoided it. ‘Learning Grammar Workbook 6 a © Singapore Asia Publishers Pe LitName: Class: Date: Ses EXERCISE 7 Choose the correct answer and wiile ils number in the brackets provided. “1. Itwas raining so heavily that (1) we decided to stay at home (2) we went for a walk in the park (3) we wanted to go to the beach ( ) ea It was such a funny joke that (1) all of us went home (2) most of them fell asleep (3) everyone in the room laughed ( ) (3) The patientissoweok that (1) he can read without his glasses (2) he can hardly get up from his bed (3) he refuses to seek medication ( ) 4 Wehadsuch a tiring day that (1) we went to bed early (2) we had another game of cards (3) we drove to the nearest cinema () _5 Atthe haunted house, | was so frightened that (1) Lentered the room (2) I did not dare go in (3) Isetit on fire ()| Jonathan ran so fast that (1) he came in last in the race (2) no one could overtake him (3) the crowd left the stadium ( ) (7) Itwas such a difficult test that - (1) most of the students failed (2) some students passed with flying colours (3) all the students passed () 8 The piano is so heavy that (1) Ican easily lift it (2) nobody can play on it (3) it will take four men to carry it () Learning G orkbook § (1s) (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pe LidName: ‘Class: Date: _ SU EXERCISE 8 Gate Join each pair of sentences by using the words given. EXAMPLE The show was very popular. Everyone rushed to see The show was so popular that everyone rushed to see “1 MrWoods drank too much. He could not drive home. somuchthat. (2) Mrs Dass is a kind lady. Everyone likes her. a — such a kind lady that Bn (3) The restaurant serves delicious food. The customers keep coming back. such delicious food that "4 The dress was too expensive. She decided not to buy it. — soexpensivethat. _5 The cinema was very dark. | could not see the steps in front of me. so dark that ———— Learning Grammar Workbook 6 : El 17 ceca LEE (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Led@ The movie was very scary. Someone in the audience fainted. a _ so scary that “7 The children rushed to the bus stop. They did not want to miss the school bus. sothat. |B The dog barked very fiercely. All of us were afraid to go near it. so fiercely that _ SC 18 Gercke 6 sa ‘Leaning Grammar Workbook 6 aren (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pre LadName: Class: Date: TS “EXERCISE 9 ‘SRA. Fill in each blank with a suitable ciause of your own. a Hillarysangsosweetlythat B Itwassuchahotdaythat 8B The storm was so violent that "4 The survivors were soweak that - 5 MrWilliams took a taxi so that a 6 Heatesomuchfoodattnepartythat = 2] My grandmother is so old that a /8 MrCartson works longer hours this weekso that a cA TSS 19 | Bice Os MURR Leaming Grammer Workbook 6 (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pre LidName: Class: Date: Rd EXERCISE 10 2s Gionie res a Join each pair of sentences by using the correct adverb clause of result. EXAMPLES — 1. Miss Davidson felt very weak. She collapsed on the floor. Miss Davidson felt so weak that she collapsed on the floor. 2. Genghis Khan was a fierce warrior. Everyone feared him. Genghis Khan was such a fierce warrior that everyone feared him. j 1 Andrewis very timid. He will not talk to anyone. ig 2 The old man was very ill. We called an ambulance. "3. Itis an interesting book. | cannot put it down. 4 It was a fine day. We decided to go to the beach. 5 He drove very fast. He could not stop in time when he saw the dog. 6 We had a very pleasant time at the beach. We wanted to go there again the following week. Be Raymond is a good runner. He has won many prizes. 8 My employer has a bad temper. All of us are afraid of him. peer a 0 nee (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pie LudWe may make statements about actions or events that will or may happen in the future. Such statements refer to future time. Future time may include: this afternoon, tonight, in ten minutes, at eight o'clock tonight, tomorrow, next week, later this month, in May, next year. _ Examples | leave for Japan tonight. | They are going to Bangkok tomorrow. _ The school term starts next month. \ We are visiting the zoo next week. We use the simple present tense for actions or events that are fixed and will definitely happen. - Examples He leaves for Malaysia this afternoon. | - Its his birthday next month. | "Examinations start in November. We use the present continuous tense for actions or events that have been planned, but there is a slight possibility that they will not take place. Examples — TS We are playing football tomorrow afternoon. Everyone is going to Jane's birthday party this weekend. She Is watching that movie tonight. , | 21 Shesson 4. aissraiea VES Ps aaa a SIS Leaning Grammar Workbook 6 sr © Singapore Asia Publishers Pre LidName: Class: Date: Gums EXERCISE 11 coheed fs Seite Fill in each blank with the simple present tense of the verb in the brackets. “1 The train the station at nine o'clock tonight. (-) /2> The football season in the month of May. (- 9) 31 the team to win the match next week. (0505) 4 Theconcert inthe evening.(.) 5 The fight - for Europe tomorrow. (250) 6 Themeeting _ tonight at eight o'clock sharp. (01) no) @ The aeroplane off in ten minutes. (9) —) 8 The commandos the airbase at dawn. (2° -') 9 We _____ the Chairman in the office twice a month. (-) 10 Theship _ sail for the island in an hour's time. (s<') “Learning Grammar Workbook 6 —s © Singapore Asia Publishers Pte LadName: Class: Date: SEL a EXERCISE 12 Sanaa Fill in each blank with the present continuous tense of the verb in the brackets. “1. Everyone to my birthday party tomorrow. (come) BQ We — to the cinema tonight. (oo) (3) Myfriendand| == tennis this afternoon. (1=)) i - for London tomorrow morning. (/20Ve) A] The helicopters. == onthe island ina few minutes’ time. (lane) i] Sharon a tie for her father's birthday. (fu) @ We _ for the examination at the end of the year. (i) 38 They _ married on 15 May. (9°') S Myfather = ===————_Cs thee fence this Sunday. (oa'"!) 10 themanager = =———Ssaatn urigeent meeting this moming. (hold) Learning: ee Sob O Se wd BS Berebe 12 GRRE (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte LidName: Class: Date: {i 228 EXERCISE 13 Ma Answer each question using the words in the brackets. -PANME When are the boys playing football? (this evening) They are playing football this evening. ~ 1 When does his plane arrive? ((o01011)) It - What are you buying for her birthday? (0 5) scar!) 3. When does the bus leave? (in five minuics) reereeeees & At what time are you waking up tomorrow? (8) 0 Clock) I - = 5 Whenis your brother coming home? (!e" 9 jhe olieinoon) He & When are they going to Bangkok? (.2x) mon) They @ When does your sister leave for Australia? (sex) week) She se 8 At what time do you have your lunch? (1001)) | 9 When does the rainy season begin? (ir 9 1)> yeu) It - 10 Whom is she visiting this evening? (er sk aun) in hospital) She — — scjp RR 24 ante 19 RE (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pre LidLESSON Both ‘ought to’ and ‘should’ are modal verbs. The negative form of ‘ought to’ is ‘ought not to’ or ‘oughtn't', and the negative form of ‘should’ is ‘should not" or ‘shouldn't’. Both modal verbs are used to show that there is a certain amount of obligation in the performance of some action. E po You ought fo stay indoors when it rains. You should stay away from the rain. ) The negative ‘should not’ or ‘shouldn't’ takes the main verb after it. n Examples _ You should not be so rude. You should not eat too much. John shouldn't play during lessons. She shouldn't sleep late. ea eld Dated: teclhca RC \ The negative ‘ought not to’ or ‘oughtn't’ takes the main verb after it. 1 Examples _ You ought not to be so rude. You ought not to eat too much. John oughtn't play during lessons. She oughtn't sleep late. ESE ST ass 25 Ra RRC NESTS GT SAE ‘Leaming Grammar Workbook 6 — © Singapore Asia Publishers Pre LidName: Class: Date: SRE EXERCISE 14 da Choose the correct answer and write its number in the brackets. -1. Jack is not feeling well. He should : (1) go to school (2) see a doctor (3) take up jogging ( ) /2> Oliver was very rude toher.Heoughtto (1) apologise (2) punish her (3) avoid her ( ) 8B Deborah has to wake up early for work. She shouldn't (1) go to bed early (2) eat too much (3) go to sleep so late ( ) @ Mr Scholes is having trouble with his car again. He ought to (1) take it to the workshop. (2) drive faster (3) sell it for a higher price ( ) 3 You are overweight. You should (1) eat more (2) take arest (3) exercise more often ( ) @ We are in the library. We shouldn't = (1) talk at all (2) talk softly (3) taktooloudly ( ) 7 MrGrant's driving licence has expired.Heoughtto i (1) renewit (2) destroy it (3) forget it () “8 Itisgoingtorain.Weshould =i (1) go to the beach (2) bring along our umbrellas (3) hold the football match today () “9 Youare alwayslate forschool. Yououghtto (1) be punctual (2) take your time (3). stay home ae 10 Miss Stone isin hospital. Weshould sis (1) stay away from her (2) pay her a visit (3) invite her to the party () INE 26 1 ‘Learning Grammar Workbook 6 (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pre LidName: Class: Date: RESTS EXERCISE 15 SE Underline the correct answers. a We ( ought to , ought not to ) keep the meat in the refrigerator. B Children ( should , shouldn't ) listen to their parents. a Jack ( should , shouldn't ) stop being a nuisance in class. “4 Animals ( ought not to , ought to) be treated with kindness. _5 Students ( shouldn't, should ) pay attention in class. 6 They ( should , shouldn't ) disobey their teacher. /7 Aperson ( ought to , ought not to } drive carefully on the road. oe We (should , shouldn't ) be rude to our elders. "9 Drivers ( ought not to , ought to ) exceed the speed limit. 10 Citizens ( should , shouldn't) help to keep the city clean. ‘Learning Grammar Workbook 6 (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pre LudName: Class: Date: nee EXERCISE 16 UE Se Rewrite the following sentences using the word in the brackets. Bann 1. The students ought to do their homework. (>>) | The students should do their homework. 2. The children ought not to run across the road. (9) ) The children shouldn't run across the road. Ba] The boys ought not to playin therain.( ) |2. The patient ought to stay in bed. (>. “) Pei] The girls ought not to stay outlate. (°° |) "4. They ought to throw the rubbish away. (10) 5 The students ought to study hard for the examination. (>!) 6 We ought not to litter the park. (00) ATARSRONPRTRORTERNNTP RE 25 Nedra 16 AI VICDATR NE ‘Learning Grammar Workbook 6 (© Singapore Asa Publishers Pte LidLESSON ‘Unless’ is a conjunction which introduces a conditional clause, also known as an adverb clause of condition. You will be late unless you hurry. Your father will not be angry unless you lie to him. (The bold parts of the sentences are called conditional clauses and are introduced by ‘unless’. The conditional clause states a condition and the other part states a result.) The result will happen or will not happen if what is stated by the condition does not happen. You will be late unless you hurry. (If you do net hurry, you will be late.) Your father will not be angry unless you lie to him. (If you do not lie to your father, he will not be angry.) If the result is rewritten with a negative verb, then the verb in the conditional clause introduced by ‘unless’ will be positive. The teacher will be angry. We must not be late. The teacher will not be angry unless we are late. ‘Learning Grammar Workbook 6 (3) a ‘© Singapore Asa Publishers Pe LidName: Class: Date: i gems «EXERCISE 17 citi Siti Choose the correct clause and write its number in the brackets. “1 You are not allowed to leave the °@ Classroomuniess (1) you run away (2) permission is granted (3) the teacherissick ( ) The plane will arrive on time unless | 7 (1) itis delayed by bad weather (2) the airport is closed (3) the weather is fine ( ) The plants will wither unless (1) there is no rain (2) the land is barren (3). you water them () Mr Kline will not see a doctor unless (1) he is seriously ill (2) he is healthy (3) he exercises regularly ( ) “5 The victim will die unless (1) you anon his identity (2) the hospital is far away (3) the ambulance anives on time ( ) © Singapore Asia Publishers Pre Lid They will not come to the party unless 5 (1) they ore busy (2) you invite them (3) there isanaccident ( ) You cannot enter the theatre unless — (1) you have a ticket (2) you do not have a ticket (3) you sell some tickets ( ) The clothes will dry unless (1) the sun shines brightly (2) there is a drought (3) it rains ( ) We shall stop buying from that shop unless (1) it lowers its prices (2) it is closed permanently (3) we are provoked () She will not talk to you unless (1) you scold her (2) you apologise to her (3) you speak to her rudely () — Grammar Workbook § (30)Name: Class: Date: CRE EXERCISE 18 “a Join each pair of sentences by using ‘unless’. anne The patient will get well. He must take his medicine regularly. The patient will not get well unless he is medicine regularly. “1 My parents will worry. | must give them a call. My parents will worry - Be Bg We shouldn't rock the boat. It will capsize. The boat will not capsize nn |3. The door will open. You must push it hard, The door will not open = | 4) MrPeterson will be late for the general meeting. He must hurry. Mr Peterson will be late for the generalmeeting o We should not talk loudly. The librarian will scold us. The librarian will not scold us ————— 8 You should not disturb the dog. It will bite you. The dog will not bite you - - a - a @ You can watch television. You must finish your homework first. You cannot watch television Bn @ The whole house will be burnt down. The firefighters must arrive soon. The whole house will be burnt down oe Complete your homework. You can go out to play. You cannot go out to play | - oe 10. She will come to the picnic. We must invite her. She will not come to the picnic OC RGGI. =] Leaming Grammar Workbook 6 (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pie LidName: Class: Date: EES EXERCISE 19 ES Rewrite the following sentences using ‘unless’. The match will be postponed if it rains heavily. The match will not be postponed unless it rains heavily. 2. We shall be late if we do not hurry. We shall be late unless we hurry. oe Don't tell her about it if she doesn't ask you. You will pass the examination if you study. 3 You can vote if you are a citizen. 4. The job will not be completed if we do not work overtime. 5. We shall take you along if you behave yourself. 6 Dennis will join us if he is not busy. 7 the players will get into trouble if they break the rules. 8 I shall lend you the money if you promise to pay it back soon. The roads will be flooded if it rains continuously. 10 Mary will be angry if you do not go to her party. ‘Learning Grammar Workbook 6 (22) — (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pre LutLESSON ‘The’, ‘a’ and ‘an’ are called articles. Articles are used to refer to nouns: the dog, a teacher, an orange. There are two types of articles: ‘the’ is a definite article and ‘a’ and ‘an’ are indefinite articles. ‘The’, a definite article, is used to refer to a specific item. For example, the boy in my class, the neighbour who has three dogs, the apples in the basket, the wife of the Chairman, the holiday | took. ‘The’ is also used for items that are one of its kind. For example, the moon, the planet Venus, the sun, the sky, the equator, the United States of America, the South Pole, the Suez Canal, the Indian Ocean. ‘The’ may also be used to refer to a particular item that is used to represent all members of its group. Examples The shark is one of the most feared creatures. The durian is a tropical fruit. ‘The’ may be used to refer to a group of items. Examples The students really like their teacher. Many of the students who walked were caught in the rain. We often admire the successful people around us. The lions are majestic animals. \ RRL 93 alee I Leasing Grama Wrbook 6 (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pre Lat‘The’ is also used for comparatives and superlatives. The taller brother is the smarter one. He is the most considerate person in class. The Nile River is the longest river in the world. ‘A’ and ‘an’ are called indefinite articles and are used for nouns that can be counted. ‘A’ is used for nouns beginning with consonant sounds and ‘an’ is used for nouns beginning with vowel sounds. ‘A’ and ‘an’ are used to refer to one of some items. Examples There is a man at our front door. | saw a cat climbing up the tree. | will meet you in an hour. | was eating an apple just now. J ‘A’ and ‘an’ are also used to refer to any one item in a group or class. Examples lake a bus to school. (any one o> hoses on the route) May | borrow a pencil from you? ony one pencil you have) ‘A’ and ‘an’ can also be used to refer to a representative member of a class. Examples Awhale is a large mammal. Ascrewdriver is a useful tool. She is a nurse. er i en Workbook § [© Singapoce Asia Publishers Pre Lid