“PREFERENCE OF STUDENTS IN SELECTING A STRAND AS A COURSE IN

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: A NARRATIVE STUDY SCHOOL YEAR 2020-2021”

A Qualitative Study

Presented to the Senior High School Faculty

Bataan Christian School

In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements

In Practical Research I

The Researchers:

Dichoso, Augusto Ceasar R.

Sejera, Christian Marc D.

Cuartero, Keith Zyrel D.

Vasquez, Marc Jibriel P.

Salaria, Denise Aira G.

Pasion, Bhea Andrea L.

Madriaga, Kervin L.

October 2020

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 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter is entitled “Preference of Students in Selecting Strand as a Course in Senior

high School: A Narrative Study School Year 2020-2021” the contents of this chapter are:

Introduction, Statement of the Problem, Significance of the Study, Scope and Delimitation, and

Definition of Terms.

Introduction

Senior High School strand and undergraduate program preference play an immense role

within the career path of the youth. During the Aquino administration, as stated within the First

State of the state Address (SONA). Aquino announces the shifting of the education system here

within the Philippines. They planned to need students to pursue a senior high school strand that

is coordinated with their course. The Senior High School refers to the last two years of the K to

12 programs. That has been achieved by the Department of Education here within the Philippines

since 2012. These are grades 11 and 12. Students are now required to settle on their preferred

Senior High School strands upon their entrance and to start studying the themes that are getting

to introduce them to the longer-term career path that they like to require.

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) are inordinate for young

people who are aiming to take engineering and desire to enter the medical field. It will also help

to enhance our 21st-century skills. STEM education is a newly emerged philosophy that focuses

notably on science and mathematics education but also incorporates technology and engineering

(Bybee, 2010b). STEM education aims at enhancing the workforce complementary to the STEM

field and nurturing STEM literacy to deal with the main challenges of the twenty-first century.

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As stated by the National Science Foundation (NSF) STEM was first coined as an educational

term within the early 2000s. In the 21st century, science and technology are flourishing at a

quick pace, and this development lacks people to acquire some skills. This advocates that they

convey together knowledge within the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and

Mathematics (STEM) to implement individuals to demonstrate their productivity (Akgunduz,

Ertepinar, Ger, Kaplan Sayi & Turk, 2015).

Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) are significant in establishing financial

management, business management, and furthermore, as each aspect revolves around the said

central fields. This strand is for students who are progressing to enter the world of business.

Accountancy, Business, and Management would be the simplest way to careers in accounting

and management. ABM Strand will cover the basics of accounting, finance, management, and

even entrepreneurship. This Strand program offers a large number of opportunities and direct

career paths that may propel students into both personal and professional success. Taking the

ABM Strand track will allow students many opportunities to begin, run, and own a business.

Students are going to be disciplined in practicing proper time management and develop many

other skills that are going to be applicable for nearly any career path that students directly prefer

to pursue.

HUMSS stands for humanities and Social Sciences. This strand is for learners who want

to pursue journalism, communication arts, subject, education, and social science-related courses

in college. The HUMSS strand helps students to improve in reading, writing, and speaking skills

(Apolinar, 2019). Students who choose this strand are going to become members of the society

who are managing lots of individuals. This strand also covers a wide range of disciplines that

inquire about the investigation and inquiry of the human conditions that use empirical, analytical,

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and significant methods of studying human behavior and societal changes. Students who are

visiting pursue this strand will have a deeper understanding of arts, culture, literature, politics,

and society. HUMSS student doesn't automatically mean that students are aspiring lawyers or

politicians. HUMSS opens lots of opportunities for college students.

General Academics Strand (GAS) is the most flexible strand among the four strands

offered within the educational Track because students get to seek out and skill something from

all the alternative strands. This strand is to work out for students who would desire to interact in

additional general areas of study as compared to more specific fields of study. This strand offers

an option for students to require elective subjects from specialized subjects of any strand. GAS

subjects are a mix of specialized subjects from the alternative three strands: Humanities and

Social Sciences (HUMSS) Strand, Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

Strand, and Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) Strand and other tracks offered for

High School students. GAS doesn't focus on any strand. Students are absolved to settle on any

college program under the three other strands supporting the elective that the student has chosen.

The choice of the student profession is as flexible as this strand.

As stated, the Department of Education (DepEd) implemented the K-12 basic education

curriculum adding two years of senior high school education from the previous four-year junior

high school education. Students are required to select academic tracks like Science, Technology,

Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM),

Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS), and General Academic Strand (GAS) to organize

themselves for a school education or workplace challenges. Senior High School core courses

with their respective competencies had been arranged to achieve these goals. According to the

Department of Education, this can profit the young adults venturing out into the professional

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world. They would be more equipped to the upper level of learning as they enter college. With

this, they'll prefer to continue their education to higher forms that may be another vast journey to

access essential learning developments. The 12 years of basic education comprises six years of

elementary education, four years of junior high school, and two years of senior high school. The

K-12 program offers a decongested 12-year program for the undergraduate, which aims to

administer them sufficient time to master skills and acquire basic competencies to be competitive

on a worldwide scale. The new curriculum allows students to decide on between three tracks,

which are the educational, Technical-Vocational-Livelihood, and also the Sports and humanities

strand. It'll also give students opportunities to undergo captivating, have relevant exposure to a

spread of industries, and have experience in their chosen track with the difference of the K to 12

programs. Students were expected to graduate at an age that was older than past graduates of the

old curriculum.

In this research, the researcher's plot to gather determinants, benefits, and reasons to

provide information for students to study. Senior High School refers to the last two years of the

K to 12 programs that have been implemented by the Department of Education here in the

Philippines since 2012 these are: grades 11 and 12. The students are required to choose their

preferred Senior High course to begin studying the subjects that are going to introduce them to

the future career path that they prefer to take. These are Science, Technology, Engineering, and

Mathematics Strand (STEM), Accountancy, Business, and Management Strand (ABM),

Humanities and Social Sciences Strand (HUMSS), and General Academics Strand (GAS). It

offers students a chance to make sense of the integrated world we live in rather than learning

pieces of knowledge. Senior High School is one of the most crucial years of a student's life. It

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molds an individual or a student on how mature they will become as they progress into well-

spoken and well-developed adults in the near future.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to determine how Grade 10 Junior High School students handle the

determinants and to know the reasons and benefits on why students select the strand for Senior

High School in Bataan Christian School.

Some questions that ought to be acknowledged:

1. What are the reason/s for students in selecting their preferred strand?

2. What are the benefits of selecting a strand for Senior High School?

3. How will strands help students in their future careers in terms of Financial Stability? 

4. What are the particular determinants being experienced by the respondents in terms of

selecting a strand?

5. How did the students see the strands as a preparation stage for tertiary education?

Significance of the Study

This is deemed to be the understanding of the determinants, benefits and reasons for the

grade 10 students of Bataan Christian School in selecting a strand for Senior High School Year

2020-2021. This research would benefit the following:

STUDENTS. The result of this study would benefit the students to know what to expect for

their Senior High School strand. The pieces of information this study would provide for them

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may prove to be useful for the students. Senior High School strands may help them to know

fragments of information to perceive what they'll get for their future college degree. 

PARENTS. This study can benefit the parents to know how they can, they guide their

child/children for their Senior High course for them to know if their child is capable of the strand

and if it's coordinated for their future college degree.

SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS. They will conjointly profit during this analysis as

they'll understand what senior high school Strand they'll provide and the way they'll bridge these

strands to school programs.

FUTURE RESEARCHERS. In this study, Future researchers will be able to generate a

new output that focuses on this study. This study can be a new foundation in presenting this new

research study to society. The study will help and altered in a way that this study can be directed

in or out of this platform. This study to be a background or guide about the understanding of the

choosing of strand for the upcoming grade 11 students. They can also generate an advanced and

improved output of this study. 

Scope and Delimitation

The study is intended to determine if the students of grade 10 Junior High School, School

Year 2020-2021 from Bataan Christian School, Panilao Pilar, Bataan. Whom preference in

Selecting Strand as a Course that is related to their plans for their college degree. The study also

focuses on the determinants and the reason why they pick that strand. 

The data is delimited to 10 students of the grade 10 Junior High School of Bataan

Christian School, of whom the number of students is determined through surveying the number

of students in selecting strand as a course for Senior High School.

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 Definition of Terms

Strand- This is the concept of our study. The researchers will find the determinants that the

students may encounter in selecting a strand.

Determinant- This is the possible factor in selecting a strand. The researchers will gather

information to know the determinant in selecting a strand for senior high school in this school

year 2020-2021.

Senior High School- This is the stage where the upcoming grade 11 student will select their

perspective strand.

Finances- The researchers will investigate how the strands will help the students in terms of

finances.

Notes in Chapter I

What is K to 12 Program?

Retrieved from: https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/k-12/#:~:text=The%20K%20to

%2012%20Program,prepare%20graduates%20for%20tertiary%20education%2C

Tertiary Education

Retrieved from: https://tophat.com/glossary/t/tertiary-education/#:~:text=Tertiary

%20education%2C%20also%20called%20post,certificates%2C%20diplomas%20or

%20academic%20degrees

Bybee, 2010b, what is STEM education?

Retrieved from:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46009513_What_is_STEM_education

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Akgunduz, ertepinar, ger, kaplan sayi & turk, 2015, The impact of integrated STEM education

on academic achievement, reflective thinking skills towards problem-solving, and permanence in

learning in science education

Retrieved from:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324813508_The_impact_of_integrated_STEM_

education_on_academic_achievement_reflective_thinking_skills_towards_problem_solvi

ng_and_permanence_in_learning_in_science_education

The Definitive Guide to the ABM Strand

Retrieved from: https://www.enderuncolleges.com/abm-strand/

Humanities and Social Science (HUMSS)

Retrieved from: https://portal.edukasyon.ph/courses/senior-high-tracks/academic/humss-

humanities-and-social-sciences-strand

What is HUMSS?

Retrieved from: https://medium.com/@alynnamarieapolinar/what-is-humss-

2bb542a2ed78

General Academic Strand

Retrieved from: https://portal.edukasyon.ph/courses/senior-high-tracks/academic/gas-

general-academic-strand

The K to 12 Basic Education Program

Retrieved from: https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/k-12/

CHAPTER II

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 THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY

This chapter presents the relevant theories, review of related theories and studies that

show the relevance to the study, the discussion of the conceptual framework and the definition of

terms.

Relevant Theories

Three related theories were analyzed in this study, specifically, Albert Bandura’s Social

Cognitive Theory, Donald Super’ Theory, and John Holland’s Theory.

The Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) 1986. This theory was advanced by Albert Bandura

as an extension of his Social Learning Theory (SLT) within the 1960s. SCT occurs in an

exceedingly social context with a dynamic and reciprocal interaction of the person, environment,

and behavior. It's a unique feature in a way within which individuals should maintain their

behavior while considering the social environment within which they perform their behavior.

The theory states that when a person observes other people performing the behavior and

therefore the consequences of that behavior, that person will copy its sequence of events he or

she will use this information to guide subsequent behaviors. Observing others can also help the

viewer to engage in behavior they need already seen or learned. In other words, people don't

learn new behaviors by only trying them and either succeeding or failing however, according to

SCT, the survival of humanity is dependent on copying or replicating the actions of others. This

is the stage where students make decisions based on the behavior or influence of his/her

surroundings.

Super's Theory (Donald Super, 1950s) was influenced by the concept of developing a

way of self and realizing that the individual had changed over time. When planning a career, it

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takes time for an individual to progress what they're planning for his or her future career within

the near future. Super's was one of the immense contributions to career development had been

his insistence on the emphasis of self-concept, which according to Super's Theory, self-concept

change as years pass. Decisions are possible to change with time and experience. Such as career

development. In this stage where students undergo career transitions or what we call the

geographical course. The geographical course is the shifting of course in tertiary education. The

cause of the geographical course is the availability of courses present.

Holland's Theory (John Holland, 1985). Holland's Theory is where careers are

determined by a connection between personality and environment. To make individuals liable in

the specific occupation he stated six types of vocational personalities are realistic, investigative,

artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional. According to John Holland's Theory, those

occupations that match their personality will make job satisfaction and success. John Holland

said that "People can function and develop best and find job satisfaction in a work environment

that is compatible with their personalities”. This idea has been very influential when it comes to

career counseling. The study of Dr. Pascual (2014) proves that students must know their skills,

interest, and personality when they are in the stage of selecting their future careers. They would

not choose the wrong career path and avoid deciding the career paths that are not compatible

with them. If the students are not capable of selecting in terms of their career, it may lead to a

failure or what we call unemployment and underemployment.

Related Literature

This section focuses on different literature in relation to different variables that are

used in this study.

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DECISION MAKING

An article by (Dietrich, 2010) stated that, people nowadays are flooded with decisions in

life whether it is big or small. Many theories and studies have been made to explain how people

make decisions and to know what type of factors influence the decision-making of an individual.

Several factors influence decision making. According to (Juliusson, Karlsson, Garling, 2005),

past decisions influence the decisions that a person will make in the future. In addition to past

experiences, several cognitive biases influence decision making. It is an error in thinking that

occurs when people are processing and interpreting information in the world around them and

affects the decisions and judgments that they make.

According to (Evans, Barston, & Pollard, 1983; West, Toplak, & Stanovich, 2008),

Cognitive biases are thinking of patterns that were based on observations and generalizations that

may lead to a memory error, wrong judgments, and invalid logic. Next is age, Age is only one

individual difference that influences decision making. According to (De Bruin et al., 2007),

people who are in lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups may have less access to education

and resources which leads the SES individuals to make indigent decisions based on their past

decisions. Belief in personal relevance is another factor in influencing the decision making of an

individual person. This is the stage where people believe what they decide matters. They are

more likely to make a decision.

PARENTAL INFLUENCE

A research article by (Dr. Nawabi, Dr. Javed, Dr. Shujaulla, and Dr. Ulfat, 2019). This

article proves that parental guidance plays a big role in the life of their child, especially by

influencing them in their academic, personal, and professional life. A study by Aguado and co-

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workers (2015), shows that a students’ personal decisions with parental support affects the level

of interest in pursuing maritime program. This article illustrates that parents are not literally

attempting to influence their child on their occupational choice, but it serves as their guide to

select a career that suits them. Although schools, peers, and student communities have all impact

on a child's decision-making, the expectations and perception of a parent are the most influential

to shape the career choice of their child. The objective of this research article is to determine the

impact of the influence of a parent on a child's career choice.

As a result of the research article, parental influence has a big impact on their child in

choosing their career path. Some students that are influenced by their parents in choosing their

career path did not become successful. On the other side, some students choose the career path

that their parents influence to pursue, they become successful in that career influenced by their

parents. Therefore, a parent's influence can be positive or negative base on what or how the

students pursue that career path.

INTEREST

According to the article written by (Ongchoco, 2017), When she was a Junior High

School, she had difficulty in choosing her strand for Senior High School. However, she listed

some factors to consider in choosing a strand in which interest is included. In her case, all of her

diagnostics and personality tests are compatible with all of the tracks in Senior High School.

According to (Ongchoco, 2017), you can only consider your interests in choosing a strand when

you have already experienced all of those strands. But, for a short time, you can consider first the

past subjects that are closest in your strand. "If you are interested in solving math problems and

science problems, go for STEM. If you are interested in writing or debating, go for HUMSS. If

you appreciate businesses and accounting fields, you may like ABM" (Ongchoco, 2017).

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 According to (Nwagu, 2003) in his study, some students drop out of school because of

misfit or wrong decision of choice, for instance, lack of interest, unrealistic career goals, and

financial capabilities. One's chosen a career path that suits his or her interests and abilities to

void the frustration of a future career path. Students are appropriately guided to choose a

program that matches their abilities and interests so that they will achieve everything they want.

PEER INFLUENCE

An article by (Bhattacharjee, 2011), this article is based on the experience of Satish Raju

who is peer pressured and influenced by his friends to take an engineering course. Same with the

case of Srinivas, who wanted to join a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) because of the

influence of his parents. The influence that comes from a peer group is also called peer pressure.

Moreover, according to psychologists, Peer pressure can be the same as the influence coming

from a peer group that encourages a person to change his or her attitudes, values, or behavior just

to do the same as the peer group does. Peer pressure can lead to positive or negative. It can affect

the decision making of a person, especially in choosing his or her course or career path.

According to the director of Conduira P.V. Rama Sasank, Peer pressure can heavily

influence career choice, personal life, and higher education. He stated that the most crucial factor

is when the person is late to realize the decision that was influenced was wrong. Peer pressure

can impact both the positive and negative sides of one's life. Sasank stated that "Young minds on

most occasions tend to get addicted to drugs, cigarettes, and alcohol under peer pressure and at

the same time many chart their growth and career plan under the influence of the toppers in the

college".

APTITUDE

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 According to an article published by (Carbonell, 2019), aptitude can be a factor in

choosing a strand. Everyone has something or some things that are good at. Asking yourself

where are u actually good at, where do you get excited doing, what do people ask for your help,

and what do people praise you is the questions where you can know your skills and know

yourself more, but, it does not need to answer all of that questions rather observing yourself

every single day can help you determine your skills. Moreover, a student should play his/her

skills when choosing the right strand. Skills and knowledge will lead you to the right path

(Carbonell, 2017).

The Department of Education conducts the National Career Assessment Examination

(NCAE) to help students decide what career to pursue in college. The purpose of NCAE is to

evaluate the students’ skills based on a standardized examination. Aside from evaluating the

skills of a student, NCAE also provides recommendations on what kind of jobs or careers are

suitable for the students to take (Philippine Congress 2013). However, the information that

NCAE offers is just an option for the student to decide.

Related Studies

The following contains the studies related to the present study being conducted.

As stated by (Justice, 2017) the main purpose of this research is to investigate how

students make career decisions and how to do these decisions affect their choice in line with their

academic program. A decision is what a career path to pursue and if the program that they prefer

is aligned for their desire career are critical decisions that students make at this time of their lives

(Johnson & Champman, 1979). The success of a student depends on the career path that they will

take.

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 Career decision-making becomes the most important and, at the same time a decisive part

during adolescence. Individuals typically begin to explore interests, values, opportunities, and

abilities for the preparation of career analysis (Gati & Saka, 2001). Namale (2012) stated, "Every

individual at the beginning of life has to find adequate to answer an important question "What

shall I do in life?" upon on a suitable answer to this question that success and future happiness of

a student. However, parents are more often attracted by the loftiness of the profession even if

their child or children does not fit for that strand. A person with a misfit career goes through life

lacking the physical vitality needed for a full file (Namale, 2012). While choosing the right

strand, students should not be taken by the ambitions of the parents but its suitability for their

own capability and propensity.

To summarize this study, it is stated that the issue of career decision and influence on the

choice of academic programs is actual. It is also clear that students do not make their career

decisions in confinement. Students are influenced by both sociological, and psychological

factors. Base on this study, parental influence is the major factor in career decision making. The

study states that students try to follow suit their parents to have the same career. Up to this day

career decision is the most integral part of a grade 10 Junior High student that will enter Senior

High School. This will help to support the present study by giving a proper guidance to Grade 10

students. For the researchers to help if the preferred course of the student is related to their career

path.

Another study of (Santos J, Blas L, Panginiban A, Reyes K, Sayo J, 2019) aims to assess

some selected factors associated with the preference of Senior High School track that the grade

10 Junior High has to decide. And to identify the associative influence in Senior High School

track preference which, is commonly encountered but the Grade 10 Junior High School. The

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researchers also determine the student's profile of Grade 10 students in terms of gender, socio-

economic status, parent’s occupation, what strand do the students prefer, Science Technology

Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), Accountancy and Business Management (ABM),

Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS), and General Academic Strand (GAS).

In deciding for career selection, an individual has to undergo a complex process and

forcibly open the mind of an individual when choosing a strand for Senior High School. Misfit of

choosing a strand may lead to unemployment. Advice from their parents might get a lot of help.

From the senior students, they could ask for help to decide an individual's strand.

The result of this study is, most of the students choose General Academic Strand (GAS)

is the most flexible strand in Senior High School which, demonstrates that the individual still in

doubt about choosing their specific strand for Senior High School. The integration of a career

plan for the curriculum of K to 12 can help students to decide the career selection that they want.

Students must think properly while selecting the right track for students that will help them to be

ready for their future career track. Career guidance for students is helpful for them to know other

opinions about the strand that they would like to take. This would benefit the present study to

determine the factors that will support the research objectives.

This study by (Dr. Pascual, 2014) highlights identifying the factors that affect career

choice. The study aimed to lessen the misfit qualification of students to their future career

course. One objective of this research of the Department of Education's K-12 program is to

produce graduates that are well equipped with the knowledge and skills. According to (Dr.

Nancy Pascual 2014), the study states that Filipinos strongly depend on their family's decision.

The relationship of the factors is affecting students on their course preference.

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 Students' career success can be obtained if given proper guidance in choosing the right

strand in Senior High School. Given here in the Philippines, some students cope by following

their parents' advice. Individuals cope with the expectation of financially supporting the family

upon completing the education. However, it is said that parents are the most influential to

students in choosing the strand for Senior High School.

Based on the results of the study, students include the employability and availability of

work after graduating from college. The problem with this factor is. It increases the misfit of an

individual or tendency an individual is going to choose a misfit for his or her course base on their

ability and skills. However, peer pressure becomes the last choice. Family can be considered a

factor in choosing a strand. This research study would be able to help the researchers by knowing

the financial status and capabilities of an individual. Researchers aims to know the factors on

why did they choose that specific strand.

However, according to the study of (Carvera, Divino, Verjom, 2016) that the researchers

aimed to find out the factors affecting the choices of the students under K to 12 on which would

an individual preference for their Senior High School. This study mainly focuses on factors such

as Personality, Interests, Aptitude, and Opportunity. As stated in the study, the number of

students is now decreasing because of the new circumstances that the individuals are facing

during these days.

High School is the most important of an adolescent's life. This is the time that they make

their own decisions that will benefit them for their future career. After accomplishing the K to

12, notably in the senior year of schooling, graduates are awarded certificates. By these

certificates will serve a proof allowing them to have middle-level skills and will be offered a

better opportunity to be employed and later become a young entrepreneur (Verjom). The

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researchers of the study concluded that there is a significant difference between the choices of

the Senior high School track base on the following factors of the study: Parental Influence,

Aptitude, Interests, and Environment Factors. During these days some students prefer to stop

going to school because of the financial status. Some of them prefer to work at an early age

rather than going to school and learning. This study would help the researcher to know the

importance of a graduate. To have more knowledge about the factors that are affecting of

choosing strand for Senior High School.

Based on the research study of (Tortor A, Ohayas R, Moneva J, 2020). This study

investigates whether financial status with self-choice; parents influence with self-choice; and

peer pressure with self-choice. Selecting a strand is taken in upon entering Senior High School.

Is it because their future career is inclined with it? With the help of their parents or guardians and

peers and also considering their financial status, and chosen careers, students may come up with

an unyielding decision on what strand do they prefer to take.

Parents play a significant role in advising the student. It's because of two reasons; first

because parents provide the financial tuition, and second they can influence their child on what

strand should they take. Same for peers. However, they don't provide financially but, they can

influence the individual on what strand he should or she takes. Same to these days, they follow

their parents' advice and peers. The career choice of students is significant on the profile of

students in selecting strand (Abarro, 2016).

To conclude this study, parents' influence and peer influence is more influential than the

self-choice. However, it's not compelling to change an individual's decision. Most students pick

their strand because of the financial capabilities that they have, not by their parents' decisions.

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 And for peers, they are suggesting a strand that they would like to take for Senior High School.

Especially these days the cost of an enrolment fee is increasing.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

“PREFERENCE OF STUDENTS IN SELECTING STRAND AS A COURSE IN SENIOR

HIGH SCHOOL: A NARRATIVE STUDY SCHOOL YEAR 2020-2021”

•Determine the factors in •Gathering information •Determinants in

choosing a strand from articles, studies, and choosing a strand for
theories to support the Senior High School in
•To know the reasons for
study the School Year 202-
grade 10 students in
2021
choosing their strand for •Searching for possible
Senior High School determinants in choosing a •Assurance of the grade
strand for Senior High 10 students of Bataan
•The benefits of the
School Christian School that
preferred strand of the
their preferred strand is
grade 10 students of •Selecting ten (10)
aligned in their college
Bataan Christian School appropriate grade 10
course
students of Bataan
•Guide for the grade 10
Christian School, which
students of Bataan
satisfy the requirements of
Christian School in the
the study
right path for Senior High
School •Conducting online
questionnaires to the grade
10 students of Bataan
Christian School
•Analyzing the gathered
information
•Evaluating determinants
in choosing a strand for
Senior High School in the
School Year 2020-2021

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Figure 1. Paradigm of the study

Definition of Terms

Career Decision- Process of selecting or deciding what an individual would take a strand in

Senior High School.

Students- They are individuals or learners who are Junior high School Students.

Senior High School- It comes right after graduating from Junior High. This is the stage where

an individual would start preparing for Tertiary Education.

Family financial Income- Refers to the capability of a family to give money to support

individual needs.

Notes in Chapter II

Albert Bandura (1986), Social Cognitive Theory

Retrieved from: https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/health-promotion/2/theories-

and-models/social%20cognitive#:~:text=Social%20Cognitive%20Theory%20(SCT)

%20describes,factors%20on%20individual%20health%20behaviors.&text=Self

%2Defficacy%3A%20The%20belief%20that,able%20to%20execute%20a%20behavior

Donald Super (1950s), Super’s Theory

Retrieved from: https://www.careers.govt.nz/resources/career-practice/career-theory-

models/supers-theory/

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John Holland (1985), Holland’s Theory

Retrieved from: https://www.careers.govt.nz/resources/career-practice/career-theory-

models/hollands-theory/

Cindy Dietrich (2010), Decision Making: Factors that Influence Decision Making, Heuristics

Used, and Decision Outcomes

Retrieved from: http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/180/decision-making-factors-that-

influence-decision-making-heuristics-used-and-decision-outcomes

Dr. Shazia Nawabi, Dr. Muhammad Qasim Javed, Dr. Syed Shujaulla and Dr. Hamza Ulfat

(2019), Parental influence on career choice of their children: Literature review

Retrieved from: http://www.journalijar.com/article/27078/parental-influence-on-career-

choice-of-their-children:-literature-review/

Julia Ongchoco (2017), High school dilemma: Choosing the right strand

Retrieved from: https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/276459/high-school-dilemma-choosing-

right-strand/

Sumit Bhattacharjee (2011), Peer pressure may lead to wrong choices

Retrieved from: https://www.thehindu.com/features/education/Peer-pressure-may-lead-

to-wrong-choices/article14967419.ece

Zara Carbonell (2019), How to choose the right SHS strand

Retrieved from: https://portal.edukasyon.ph/blog/how-to-choose-the-right-shs-strand

Ampofo Agyei Justice (2017), Career Decisions of Senior High School,

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 Retrieved from: https://www.slideshare.net/AMPOFOAGYEIJUSTICE/carrier-decisions-

of-senior-high-school-students-and-their-choice-of-academic-programmes-a-case-study-

of-kadjebi-asato-senior-high-school (p.43-45)

Santos J, Blas L, Panganiban A, Reyes K, Sayo J (2019), Alignment of Senior High School

Strand in College Course,

Retrieved from: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/37d7e2e4-9d17-3d85-a0e6-

95d46b4afac3/ (p.168-171)

Dr. Nancy T. Pascual (2014), Factors Affecting High School Students’ Career Preference: A

Basis for Career Planning Program,

Retrieved from: http://www.urs.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/2261-4881-1-PB.pdf

(p.2-12)

Ma. Adriah Therese D. Cervera, Daniel Fil B. Divino, Syluck Joseph B. Verjom (2016), Factors

Affecting Grade 10 Students in Choosing Their Preferred Tracks for Senior High School,

Retrieved from:

https://www.academia.edu/35074962/Factors_Affecting_Grade_10_Students_in_Choosing_Their

_Preferred_Tracks_for_Senior_High_School (p.351-362)

Tortor A, Ohayas R, Moneva J (2020), Financial Status, Parents Influence, Peer Influence and

Self-Choice of Students in Selection of Strand in The Senior High School, Cebu, Philippines,

Retrieved from: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/e0ad065c-71e1-32ae-81d5-

2f1c44758d5e/ (p.35-38)

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 CHAPTER III

METHODS OF RESEARCH
This chapter emphasizes on the procedures and techniques being done for the study. It

includes the methods and techniques of the study, the population of the study and the data

gathering procedure undertaken to accomplish the study.

Methods and Techniques of the Study

The researchers use the method of questionnaires in gathering the needed data. This

method helps the researchers to collect the needed data and information to achieve the research

objective of the study. Which, is knowing the determinants in choosing a strand as a course for

their Senior High School.

Moreover, the researcher prepares five (5) questions that are required to be answered by

the selected respondents in an essay form. After the questionnaire has been answered, the

researchers will finally analyze the gathered experiences, opinions, and thoughts about the study.

Population of the Study

The respondents for this study are Junior High School Grade 10 students of Bataan

Christian School. The questionnaires that were prepared by the researchers will be distributed to

the following respondents to provide the researchers with relevant information. The general

population for this study will be the selected Grade 10 respondents from Bataan Christian

School, Junior High School Department. 

Research Instruments

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 The researchers used one type of research instrument in this study. A questionnaire

consisting of a list of questions for the determination of gathering information from the

respondents (Saul McLeod, 2018).

A questionnaire is used by the researcher to gather pieces of information or data for the

chosen respondents. An online questionnaire is going to be used in this study via Google Forms.

This is a web-based app that allows students and teachers to collect information conveniently.

The approach that is used for this interview was an individual interview. Wherein it is a

personal interview, carried out in a planned manner. The respondents use their own words, views

and experiences, feelings, and thoughts.

Construction and Validation of the Questionnaire

The researchers read articles, published thesis papers, treatises, and other related material

that can help the researchers to be more knowledgeable about the research study.

The content of the validation of the questionnaire test includes the instructions of the

procedure for the whole questionnaire proper, and a notice of confidentiality will be placed here

as well to inform the participant of their privacy safety.

The body, which contains all the questions that will be asked. The participant will be

filling out the blanks, what the general instructions have stated that will be followed.

Moreover, in the process of validating the questionnaire, a copy of the questionnaire

was given to the research adviser, checked by Sir Emmanuel Sengco. This expert went through

the questionnaire and research questions thoroughly to verify the appropriateness and adequacy

of the instrument being used in this study and Validated by Sir Bernard Basuel of the Junior

High School Department.

Procedures of Data Gathering

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 The researchers conducted a designed research question which is a questionnaire that can

be answered in an essay form by the respondents. The answers are based on the respondents’

opinion/s, experiences, and thoughts. After that, researchers grant the prepared questionnaires to

the teacher for clarifications and suggestions. Then researchers find a validator to validate the

whole questionnaire.

Moreover, researchers sent a consent letter to the Junior high school principal of Bataan

Christian School via messenger for the authorization to have an online survey for the Grade 10

students as the respondents of the study. Researchers provide the survey questionnaire to the

respondents through Google forms and sent the link via messenger.

Lastly, after the respondents took the survey questionnaire, the researcher analyzed the

gathered data. The result would hopefully be the basis to achieve the objectives of the study.

Notes in Chapter III

Questionnaire: Definition, Examples, Design, and Types, (Saul McLeod, 2018)

Retrieved from: https://www.simplypsychology.org/questionnaires.html

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