MEGA

GOAL 5

MANUEL DOS SANTOS

JILL KOREY O’SULLIVAN
ELI GHAZEL - DANAE KOZANOGLOU

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 MegaGoal 5 Student
MegaGoal
Book5 Student Book

Published by McGraw-Hill
Published
Education,
by McGraw-Hill
2 Penn Education,
Plaza, New2York,
PennNY Plaza,
10121.New
Copyright
York, NY© 10121.
2017 by Copyright
McGraw-Hill
© 2017 by McGraw-Hill
Education. All rightsEducation.
reserved. All
Norights
part of
reserved.
this publication
No partmay
of this
bepublication
reproducedmayor distributed
be reproduced
in anyorform
distributed
or in any form or
by any means, or stored
by anyinmeans,
a database
or stored
or retrieval
in a database
system,or without
retrieval
thesystem,
prior written
withoutconsent
the prior
of McGraw-
written consent of McGraw-
Hill Education, including,
Hill Education,
but not limited
including,
to, inbut
anynot
network
limited or
to,other
in anyelectronic
network or
storage
other or
electronic
transmission,
storage
or or transmission, or
broadcast for distance
broadcast
learning.
for distance learning.

ISBN: 978-1-4470-9151-6
ISBN: 978-1-4470-9151-6

Publisher: Jorge Rodríguez

Publisher:Hernández
Jorge Rodríguez Hernández
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 Contents

Scope and Sequence iv

Unit Intro 2

Unit 1 Two Is Better Than One 6

Unit 2 Rags to Riches 20

Unit 3 What Will They Think of Next? 34

EXPANSION Units 1–3 48

Unit 4 The World of TV 54

Unit 5 Do You Really Need It? 68

Unit 6 The Gender Divide 82

EXPANSION Units 4–6 96

Vocabulary 102

Irregular Verbs 106

Audio Track List 108

iii

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 ScopeScope
and Sequence
and Sequence
Unit Title Unit Title Functions Functions Grammar Grammar

Intro Intro Express opinion andExpress

viewpoint,
argument; agree and
opinion and viewpoint,
argument;
can’t be – must be/can’t
disagreeagree and disagree
mustbe
can’t have – must have
be–+must
-ing be/
– must be + -ing –
can’t have – must have
Pages 2–5 Pages 2–5 Make deductions about
Makethe
deductions
past and about the past and
the present the present

1 1 Than
Two Is Better Two IsOne
BetterDiscuss
Than Onepeople/animals
how
each other
Discuss how
can people/animals
each other
help Other, others, and another
can help
Emphatic do
Other, others, and another
Emphatic do
Pages 6–19 Pages 6–19 Negotiate Negotiate Simple present tense
Simple
vs. present
present tense vs. present
Words connected with
Words
museums
connected progressive
and with museums and progressive
galleries galleries Gradable and non-gradable
Gradableadjectives
and non-gradable adjectives
Express enthusiasmExpress enthusiasm

2 Rags to Riches
2 Rags to RichesTalk about fame andTalk
Discuss options
fortune
about fame and fortune Used to versus be used
Discuss options
Usedtoto versus be used to
Would for repeated Would
action in
forthe
repeated
past action in the past
Pages 20–33 Pages 20–33 Asking and telling about
Asking
personal
and telling about personal
versus used to versus used to
experiences experiences Was/Were going to Was/Were
(future in the
going
past)to (future in the past)
Present perfect simple
Present
tenseperfect simple tense
Past simple vs. present
Pastperfect
simple vs. present perfect

3 What Will3TheyWhat
ThinkWill
of TheyDiscuss
Thinktechnology
of Discuss
inventedtechnology
the last one hundredthe
over inventedFuture
over perfect Future perfect
last one hundred yearsFuture perfect progressive
years Future perfect progressive
Next? Next? Make predictions about
year 2100
Makelife
predictions
in the
year 2100
about life inThe
thefuture with dependent
The future
timewith
clauses
dependent time clauses
Simple present: beSimple
and information
present: be and information
Pages 34–47 Pages 34–47 Persuade Persuade questions questions
Words connected with
Words
Spaceconnected
and the with SpaceSimple
and thepast: be and
Simple
be born
past: be and be born
Planetary system:1 Planetary system:1 Regular and irregular
Regular
verbsand
in the
irregular
past verbs in the past

EXPANSION Units
EXPANSION
1–3 Units 1–3Language Review Language Review
Reading: Is Anybody
Reading:
Out There?
Is Anybody Out There?
Pages 48–53 Pages 48–53 Language Plus: Idioms
Language
with world
Plus: Idioms with world

4 The World4of TVThe World of Talk

TV about TV films andTalk documentaries
about TV films and documentaries
Identify genres of TVIdentify
films genres of TV films
Both … and, not onlyBoth
… but
… also,
and, not
either
or, neither … nor or, neither … nor
only
… … but also, either …

Pages 54–67 Pages 54–67 Agree and disagreeAgree

with opinions
and disagree with opinions
Independent clauses
Independent
with and, but,
clauses
or, with and, but, or,
Words connected with
Words
space
connected
and the with space and
so, the
and yet so, and yet
planetary system:2 planetary system:2 Comparatives and superlatives
Comparatives and superlatives
I’d rather/I’d prefer I’d rather/I’d prefer

5 Do You Really
5 NeedDo YouIt?ReallyEvaluate
Need It? discussEvaluate
and
advertising
the influence
and discuss
advertising
of Adverbofclauses
the influence Adverb clauses
Because, because of,
Because,
since, and
because
now that
of, since, and now that
Pages 68–81 Pages 68–81 Create an advertisement
Createforana advertisement
product for (In order) to and so (that)
a product (In order) to and so (that)
Advise someone against
Advise something Conditional sentences
someone against something Conditional
with when,sentences
if, even with when, if, even
Express preference:Express
I’d rather/I’d
preference: if, in
prefer I’d rather/I’d case, only if, and
prefer if, unless
in case, only if, and unless
Words connected with
Words
shopping
connected Where,
habitswith shopping wherever, and
habits Where,
everywhere
wherever, and everywhere

6 The Gender
6 Divide
The Gender Divide
Talk about gender differences
similarities
Talk about and
similarities
Verbs
gender differences and + infinitives orVerbs
gerunds
+ infinitives
with
different meanings different meanings
or gerunds with

Pages 82–95 Pages 82–95 Discuss stereotypesDiscuss stereotypes Passive forms of infinitives
Passiveand
forms
gerunds
of infinitives and gerunds
Ask for and give directions Auxiliary verbs afterAuxiliary
Ask for and give directions but and and
verbs after but and and
Words connected withWords
hobbies
connected
and with hobbiesPresent
and perfect progressive
Present perfect
vs present
progressive vs present
interests interests perfect simple with time
perfect
markers
simple with time markers
Adjectives + preposition
Adjectives
+ gerund
+ preposition + gerund

EXPANSION Units
EXPANSION
4–6 Units 4–6Language Review Language Review
Reading: The Impact
Reading:
of a Changing
The Impact
Worldofon
a Changing
Human Language
World onand
Human Language and
Pages 96–101 Pages 96–101 Communication Communication
Language Plus: Idioms
Language Plus: Idioms

iv iv

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 Listening Pronunciation Reading Writing

Listen and identify features Recycling and using familiar

of spoken discourse versus stress, intonation patterns,
written discourse expressing disbelief, surprise,
query

Listen for sequence of The English /r/ Animal Partners Write an essay about two friends
events in a summary about Dr. Write and prepare a PowerPoint
Abdullah Al-Rabeeah presentation about symbiotic
relationships in teams (Project)

Past tense endings: /t/, /d/,

and /ɪd/
Listen for sequence in a Sheikh Sulaiman bin Write a descriptive biographical essay
lecture about the history Abdul-Aziz Al-Rajhi: about a person’s life
of money A Success Story Research and make a poster
presentation about a person you
admire (Project)

Listen for specific Consonant clusters An Out-Of-This-World Write a discursive essay about a future
information in a talk about the Vacation development in Saudi Arabia and its
future of newspapers impact on you and on society
Research and make a PowerPoint
presentation on future changes and
their impact in a particular area that
you are familiar with (Project)

Tools for Writing: Commonly confused words

Writing: Write an expository essay about the history of a common device
or technology and how it will change in the future

Listen for specific information Linking vowel sounds The Formula behind Write an expository essay about the
from a TV interview about Detective Stories on formula of a TV film genre
office designs TV Create and present a storyboard on
important events in a person’s life
(Project)

Listen for specific details To before consonants and Ads Everywhere: Do Write a letter to your local newspaper
in a lecture on advertising vowels You “Buy” It? Create and present a new
techniques advertisement for an existing product
(Project)

Listen for specific details in a Rising and falling intonation Do Men and Women Write an essay about the
discussion about young/new on tag questions Speak the Same communication features of men or
and experienced drivers Language? women from different cultures
Research and make a PowerPoint
presentation on communication
methods through time (Project)

Tools for Writing: Run-on sentences

Writing: Write an essay about animal tales in your culture

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 Intro Intro
1 1 Listen and Discuss
Read the texts and underline the words or phrases that provide facts and/or opinions.

What What
do youdothink?
you think?
Collaborative learning promotes teamwork in class. Learners work together in small or large teams.
However, it is not always easy for individuals to work effectively with others. Some learners prefer to work
on their own first, then share ideas and information. Others are reluctant to share, because they want to
impress the teacher with their performance. Negative competition in class tends to prevent students from
working together, as they feel that they need to
keep what they know to themselves, in order to
gain credit against everyone else in class.

Who are they?

How do you feel
about them?
What do people mean when they say that
someone is “self-made”? They usually
refer to success stories of individuals who
have been able to recognize and utilize
opportunities in their lives, for the purposes
of improving their personal living standards,
gaining respect in their community, and
helping others. Can you think of successful
“self-made” people in your country? Who
are they? How do you feel about them?

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 Would you take a course on future studies?
Have you heard of the terms ‘future
studies’ or ‘strategic foresight’?
Future Studies is an interdisciplinary
field that studies and analyzes
current and past changes with
respect to tomorrow. For example,
many people believe that the Earth’s
ecosystem will collapse in the near
future, while others believe that it
will survive. A foresight approach
would analyze and highlight the
assumptions underpinning such
views. Would you choose to take
a course on future studies at
university?

Would you buy it?

Infomercials are longer television
commercials that include demonstrations
of product features and customer comments.
A toll-free telephone number and/or website is
included for potential buyers accompanied by “an
offer you can’t refuse”.

2 Pair Work
A. Before you discuss each issue, brainstorm and think of:
• phrases you can use to express your opinion/view
• ways to agree and disagree
• arguments to support your view

B. Which topic would you like to know more about? Why? Which topic do you find least
interesting? Why?

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 Intro Intro

3 3 Conversation
Listen and practice reading the
conversation in pairs. Then act it out.
Adnan and Yahya are high school students.
They are walking along the corridor,
chatting during break.
Adnan: You’ve heard, haven’t you? Our
chemistry teacher has been
transferred.
Yahya: It can’t be true. I saw him yesterday. He can’t have left. I thought he must still be teaching in our
school.
Adnan: Yes, so did I. But apparently, he has been transferred to his home town. So someone else is going
to be teaching chemistry.
Yahya: I am sorry to hear that.
Adnan: I saw someone new walking into the chemistry lab. He must be our new teacher…
Yahya: Let’s have a look. No, it can’t be. I don’t believe it. He must be looking for me.
Adnan: What are you talking about? That must be our new teacher.
Yahya: No, it can’t be.
Adnan: Oh, come on. Why not?
Yahya: Because that’s my uncle! He must have known about this but never told me.
Adnan: He must have wanted to surprise you! It’s good news, isn’t it?

Your Turn Your Turn

A. A. Role-play a conversation like the one above with a partner. Use phrases from the box.

Making Deductions
Making Deductions
(present) It can’t
(present)
be true. / ItHe
can’t
mustbebe
true.
… / He must be …
He must be …ingHe
… must be …ing …
(past) He can’t
(past)
have … He
(left.)
can’t have … (left.)
He must have … He
(known)
must …
have
/ He…must
(known)
have……/ He
(wanted)
must have
… … (wanted) …

B. B. Read the situations and make deductions.

1. Your father’s car is in the garage. He must be home. / He can’t have left.
2. Your cousin’s bicycle is in the garden. He/She …
3. You can’t turn on your new computer. It …
4. Your best friend is not at school today. He/She …
5. You are 15 minutes late. Your friends don’t They …
seem to be in the mall.

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 4 Speaking
1. Listen and compare the written text with the spoken account of the incident.
Tick the features that you identify in each or both.

Spoken Written
Text Text
pauses and fillers
false starts & re-starts
complete sentences
incomplete sentences
re-ordering
re-wording
self-correction
connectors
punctuation
intonation

to you or so m eo n e you know?

Has it happened account for the umpteen
th time, hoping that I’d
find
to check my bank ord and to my great delig
ht; there
About a week ago I went , ke ye d in my pa ssw
card in the machine the machine, as I was
some cash. I placed my pre sse d wi thd raw al, took my card out of
coun t. So I
was the money in my ac
ha ppily walked away…
supposed to, and ke sure that I’d put the
, wh en I tho ught of checking to ma
t ten ste ps or so mediately turned
I must have taken abou sm all ba g an d my pockets to no avail. I im
I searched my
money away securely. d fea red , there was no cash in the
slot.
AT M. As I ha
and rushed back to the uested had in fact
t a co nfi rm ati on that the amount I had req
unt to on ly ge the incident.
I then checked my acco d em ba rra sse d. I called the bank and repor ted
really upset an
been withdrawn. I was
the following day.
They promised to check s not collected
uri ty fea tur e wh ich pulled back cash that wa
had a sec
Fortunately, the machine
seconds!
within fifteen or twenty it happens all the time!
ve do ne su ch a thing but then I was told that
h to ha
I was feeling really foolis
Would you believe it?

2. Work in pairs. Think about an incident you heard or read about or something that happened to you or
someone you know. Make notes.
3. It might help to write the actions/verbs in the order they happened and then add people, objects
and places. Lastly, don’t forget to also convey the manner in which things happened. Use your voice,
exclamations, adjectives and adverbs.
4. Now use your notes and tell your partner or your class.

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1 Two1 IsTwo
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

Better
Is Better
Than Than
One One www.ien.edu.sa

1 1 Listen and Discuss

1. Name some famous husbands and wives from history. Tell the most legendary
story you know of a famous couple.
2. Read the texts about some famous marriages from history. Do you think their
marriage made it easier for them to achieve certain goals?

Marie and Pierre

Marie Curie
and Pierre
(1894–1906)
Curie (1894–1906)
Maria Sklodowska was born in Warsaw in 1867. She was the daughter of a secondary-school teacher. She
studied in local schools and received some training in science from her father. Because women were not
able to attend university in Poland in the 19th century, Maria left Poland to study at a French university in
1891. Now known by the French name Marie, she worked hard in a laboratory that was owned by Pierre
Curie.
Pierre Curie was born in
Paris in 1859. He received
his early education at
home and then joined
the Faculty of Sciences
at the Sorbonne. He was
promoted to Professor in
1900.
Marie and Pierre
Curie got married in
1895. Although poor,
they were devoted to
each other and their
research. Their studies of
radioactive substances
were carried out under
difficult conditions. Their
laboratory facilities were
hardly adequate and
they had to do a lot of
teaching to earn a
living.
In 1898, the couple discovered the elements Polonium and Radium. They
eventually won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 for the discovery of
radioactivity. When Pierre died in 1906, Marie honored his memory by
continuing their work. In 1911, Marie Curie won another Nobel Prize, this time
for chemistry. She was the first person to win the Nobel Prize twice.

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 Anita and Giuseppe Garibaldi
(1839–1849)
Giuseppe Garibaldi was a leader in the struggle for Italian
unification and independence. When Garibaldi was exiled
from Italy, he fled to South America, where he lived for 12
years and fought in another struggle for independence—
this time for the independence of Uruguay from Argentina.
While in Brazil, Garibaldi married Anita Ribeiro, a young
woman from Laguna, a small town in Southern Brazil. As
husband and wife, the two traveled everywhere together.
It was known that Anita even accompanied her husband to
battles.
However, on August 4, 1849, Anita, pregnant and sick, died
in Garibaldi’s arms.
Garibaldi never did get over his grief at Anita’s death. Over
a decade later, he was still grieving, when he first went to
meet the king of a unified Italy, wearing one of her scarves.

Quick Check e
Q
A. Vocabulary. Match each word to its meaning.
1. _____ devoted a. bringing together
2. _____ exiled b. ran away
3. _____ fled c. dedicated
4. _____ grieving d. famous
5. _____ legendary e. forced to leave one’s native country
6. _____ unification f. mourning

B. Comprehension. Answer the questions about the marriages from history.

1. Why did Marie Curie leave Poland after school?
2. Why were conditions difficult for Marie and Pierre Curie?
3. Which discovery made them famous?
4. How many Nobel prizes did they win? When?
5. Where did Giuseppe Garibaldi go after he fled Italy? What happened to him there?
6. Was Garibaldi’s campaign in Italy finally successful?

2 Pair Work
Discuss historically famous people with your partner. Choose a person who has changed the
world for the better. Explain to your partner why you selected the person.

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 1 Two Is1Better
TwoThan
Is Better
One Than One
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

3 3
www.ien.edu.sa

Grammar
Other, Others, and Another
Other / Others
Other can be used as an adjective before a plural noun to mean “additional” or “further.”
Many scientists feel that global warming can be reversed. Other scientists disagree.
Others can be used as a pronoun to mean additional or other persons or things.
Many scientists feel that global warming can be reversed. Others disagree.
Another
Another can be used as an adjective or a pronoun.
As an adjective, it means an alternative to something previously considered.
I know you want to go to Mexico on vacation, but I have another idea.
As a pronoun, it means an additional one of the same kind.
That was a good cup of coffee. I think I’ll have another.
Whether used as an adjective or a pronoun, another is only used with singular nouns.
Incorrect: I think I’ll have another beef burgers.
Note: Don’t confuse other, others, and another with the pronouns each other and one another. Note that
each other and one another, which are inseparable phrases, are used to express a mutual relationship.
My friends have deep trust in each other. I know that none of them could let down the others.

Emphatic Do
Do is usually used as an auxiliary in negative and question forms of the simple present and past tense.
However, the auxiliary do can also be used before the infinitive in affirmative sentences to add special emphasis.
I do enjoy his company.
He does like to talk.
We can also use emphatic do to show a contrast between expectations and reality.
A: You didn’t call me yesterday. B: I did call you yesterday.
We usually get along very well, but we do have arguments occasionally.
Note: Emphatic do is strongly emphasized in speech.

A. A. Complete each sentence with other, others, or another.

1. He says he is so full of beef burgers. He says he could not eat ______.
2. You can use that topic for your paper. I have a few ______ in mind for my paper.
3. They like their cats so much that they are talking about getting ______ kitten.
4. You can keep that pen. I have two or three ______ pens in my backpack.
5. There are six ______ people in line ahead of us.
6. Cover your mouth when you cough so that ______ won’t catch your cold.
7. I just recovered from a cold, and already I’m getting ______ one.

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 B. Read each sentence. Then use your own ideas to
write a second sentence, using other,
other others,
others or
another.
Some people are happy about the new shopping
mall.
Others are upset about it.
1. Many young people like to socialize on the
Internet.
2. One thing you can do to help the environment is
recycle.
3. Two of my three sisters have brown hair.
4. English isn’t the only class I have on Mondays.
5. Attractive is one synonym for pretty.
6. My backpack is ripping.
7. We’re not the first people in line.
8. One thing you should do for your health is exercise.

C. Rewrite each sentence, adding do, does,

does or did for emphasis.
I feel tired. I do feel tired.
1. I hope you get better quickly.
2. That child plays quietly.
3. He needs to find a job soon.
4. I asked my friend to join us.
5. This store has the best selection.
6. The teacher noticed you were absent.

D. Match the sentence beginnings and endings. Rewrite the sentences, adding do, does,
does
or did for emphasis.
We don’t usually watch TV, but we do watch that program.
1. We don’t usually watch TV, c a. but her sister wants to go shopping.
2. I’m afraid of heights, b. but I sent my friend an email.
3. I forgot to call my friend, c. but we watch that program.
4. I didn’t have a lot of time, d. she has a great sense of humor.
5. She doesn’t want to go shopping, e. though I fly occasionally.
6. Although she’s a bit quiet, f. but I managed to finish my homework.

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 1 Two Is1Better
TwoThan
Is Better
One Than One ‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

4 4 Conversation www.ien.edu.sa

Badr: I’m really excited that we’re going to share

an apartment to save money while we study
in New York.
Adnan: I am, too. But, you know, a lot of friends end
up arguing about chores. So, I was thinking it
might be a good idea for us to divide up the
chores before we move in.
Badr: Yeah. I do think we should discuss that.
I’m sure we can work out a fair division of
chores.
Adnan: Of course, we’ll each clean our own room.
And since there are two bathrooms, how
about if I clean one and you clean the other?
Badr: That’s fair. And each week we can take turns
cleaning the rest of the apartment.
Adnan: Hey, do you want to do our laundry together
so that only one of us has to go to the laundromat each week?
on
Badr:
the same
We’re
wavelength
on the same wavelength. I was just going to suggest that.
Adnan: I really don’t like folding the wash. If I wash the laundry, would
you be willing to do the folding?
No sweat.
Badr: No sweat. And how about cooking? I don’t mind cleaning, but
not
cooking
my cup
is really
of teanot my cup of tea. Would you do the cooking
if I did the cleaning up?
Adnan: Sorry, but if there’s one chore I hate, it’s cooking.
Badr: Well, it looks like we’re going to be eating a lot of takeout!

About the Conversation

About the Conversation Real Talk Real Talk
1. What problem are Badr and Adnan trying toon
avoid?
the same wavelength
on the same wavelength = thinking the same thing
No
2. How do Badr and Adnan divide up the chores? sweat. No sweat. = No problem.
not my cup of tea not my cup of tea = a polite way to say you don’t
3. What chore does neither of them want to do?
like something
What solution does Badr offer?

Your Turn Your Turn Negotiating Negotiating

Role-play with a partner. Pretend that you are dividing
How about if I…and How you…?
about if I…and you…?
up responsibilities for something you are doingItogether,
think it would beI fair
think
if…it would be fair if…
such as working on a school project. Figure outI’ma list
sureof we can work
I’m sure
this we
out.can work this out.
tasks, and then discuss who will be responsibleOK,for I’ll
eachagree to…ifOK,
youI’llwill…
agree to…if you will…
task. Use the phrases for negotiating. Would you (be willingWould to)…if
youI…?
(be willing to)…if I…?

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 5 Listening
Listen to a summary about Dr. Abdullah Al-Rabeeah,
a famous pediatric surgeon. Then number his achievements in
the correct order / in chronological order.
____ He and his team perform surgery on Polish twins.
____ He becomes Executive Director of Health Affairs at
the National Guard.
____ He realizes he wants to become a doctor.
____ He graduates from King Saud University.
____ He is assistant professor at King Saud University.
____ He gets his Master’s in Pediatric Surgery.
____ He is honored by the Polish community.
____ He is appointed Minister of Health.
____ He is a member of the Canadian Board of Pediatric Surgeons.
____ He is appointed as a consultant in the Royal Court.

6 Pronunciation
While most languages have the /r/ sound, it is pronounced differently in different languages.
Listen and practice the English /r/ sound in these sentences.
1. Dr. Rabeeah is respected for his contribution to pediatric surgery.
2. They have enriched the lives of children around the world.
3. He received a Bachelor’s of Surgery from King Saud University in Riyadh.
4. After the operation, the mother was relieved.
5. The Ambassador held a reception to honor Dr. Rabeeah.

7 Vocabulary Building
A. You will see these words in the reading on pages 12 and 13. Match the words with their meanings.
1. ____ compensate a. ways in which something lacks what it needs
2. ____ deficiencies b. causing great fear
3. ____ fearsome c. animals that live by hunting others
4. ____ invaluable d. extremely valuable; priceless
5. ____ predators e. to overcome a weakness with a strength

B. Check your answers with a partner. If you do not understand the meaning of a word,
look it up in a dictionary.

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‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

8 8
www.ien.edu.sa

Reading
Before Reading
Before Reading
Do you think animals ever form partnerships to help one another? Explain.

For animals in the wild, each day is a struggle to survive. They must
continually search for food, while at the same time keeping themselves
safe from predators. Some animals have learned that teaming up with
another animal makes the struggle to find food, shelter, and safety a bit
easier. This kind of special relationship in which animals depend upon
and benefit from one another is called symbiosis.
One of the most visually surprising examples of symbiosis occurs
between the fearsome African crocodile and the small plover bird. When
a plover is nearby, a crocodile will open its long, sharp-toothed jaws to
invite it inside. You might assume that the plover would quickly reject this
invitation and fly off. Yet surprisingly, the plover does hop inside. Perhaps
even more amazingly, the crocodile, normally known for its aggression,
does not snap its mouth shut and have the plover for a snack. Instead, it remains still, not closing its mouth until
the plover leaves. How can this strange behavior be explained? The answer is symbiosis. The plover picks out all
the small pieces of meat stuck between the crocodile’s teeth. In doing so, it cleans the crocodile’s teeth, which
prevents it from getting infections. Because the crocodile can not clean its own teeth, it depends on the plover to
perform this service. In return, the crocodile provides an easy meal for the plover.
In some cases of symbiosis, like the crocodile and the plover, each animal in the pair benefits from their
relationship in a different way. However, in other cases, the animals share a common goal. This is true of the
honeyguide bird and the ratel, a furry creature with short legs and long claws. Both these animals live on
grasslands in Africa and have an appetite for honey. As its name suggests, the honeyguide has a special ability
for locating beehives. However, this small bird cannot open a beehive to get at the honey. To accomplish this, it
teams up with the ratel. Ratels are a perfect match for the honeyguide as they love honey, are large enough to
crack open a hive, but have no ability to find hives themselves. The
honeyguide flies over grasslands looking for a hive. When it does
spot a hive, it swoops down and makes a noise to alert the ratel. The
ratel uses its claws to tear open the hive. After eating its fill, the ratel
invites the honeyguide to finish the leftovers.
Another two animals that team up to compensate for their own
weaknesses are the zebra and the ostrich. These two animals often
travel together. This is no surprise since they are a perfect match.
While the giant, flightless ostrich has poor senses of both smell and
hearing, the zebra has acute senses of smell and hearing. On the
other hand, the zebra has terrible eyesight, while the ostrich has
excellent eyesight, enhanced by its long neck which enables the
ostrich to see far into the distance. In this way, each makes up for the other’s deficiencies. As a result, the animals
are far safer together than they would be apart. Ostriches can see predators, such as lions, far in the distance,
while zebras can smell or hear others as they approach.
Birds and land animals aren’t the only ones that work in symbiotic pairs. Some sea animals, like the clownfish
and the sea anemone, do as well. Sea anemones, which look like plants, are actually dangerous animals with

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 poisonous tentacles. Most fish stay away from anemones to avoid being stung.
However, the clownfish makes its home among the sea anemones. It does not get
stung because its body is protected by a special coating. Living among the deadly
tentacles of an anemone has a clear advantage—most predators stay away!
Another benefit for the clownfish is that it is able to eat the anemone’s leftover
bits of food. But what is the advantage to the anemone? There are several. First,
the brightly colored clownfish attracts predators. When the clownfish swims under
the anemone’s tentacles to safety, if the predator follows, the anemone has the
chance to sting and eat it. Other services the clownfish performs are cleaning up
food scraps and dead anemone tentacles, and chasing away fish that might eat
the anemone.
While many symbiotic pairs may at first look like odd partners, the benefits they provide one another are
invaluable, and may make the difference between life and death. In fact, it is often these animals’ very differences
that make them perfect partners.

After Reading
Answer the questions.
1. Explain the meaning of symbiosis.
2. In what way do the African crocodile and the plover have a symbiotic relationship?
3. Give an example of a case of symbiosis in which each animal has the same goal.
4. Name two animals that make up for each other’s deficiencies. How do they do this?
5. What benefits do the clownfish and anemone offer each other?

9 Speaking
1. Work in pairs/groups. Think about your relationship with a good friend.
What can you offer each other?
2. Complete the chart with your notes and use them to discuss in class.

What can you offer your How does it help What can your friend
How does it help you?
friend? your friend? offer you?

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‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

10 10
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Writing
A. A. 1. Do you think it is necessary for people to share the same characteristics in order to get along well
with each other? Why? Why not?
2. Read the text and find out.
• Who are the people involved?
• What kind of people are they? Underline words that provide information about each one.
• In your view, what are the characteristics that they share?
• What do you think might have happened if they both shared exactly the same characteristics
and attitude to life?
a. if they were both like the grandfather
b. if they were both like the grandmother
• Why did the writer choose to describe the particular incident? What do you think it portrays?

still worried
have everything planned just so and
Talw
here is a
memory that
ays makes
about things that could go wrong. She
everything to be perfect, sometim es to
wanted
an extreme.
cleanliness
me smile with Once, when she had gotten into her
rid of genuine
contentment and frenzy, she called someone in and got
had painstakingly
admiration, and antique furniture that grandfather
arranged in this
that is the memory collected over a number of years and
There were fine,
of my maternal perfect replica of a drawing room.
ery on the seats
grandparents. elegant chairs with brocade upholst
some exquisite
and beautiful tables, not to mention
My grandfather into her head that
mirrors. Grandmother had gotten it
was a dedicated d too much dust
it was all useless because it collecte
him from taking bidder for next to
lawyer whose moral fiber prevented and decided to sell it off to the first
e a profit! He was
advantage of circumstances to mak nothing.
the reputation
highly respected in courts and had When grandfather came home, he ope
ned the door
ist. He was
of being the most honest law special to the little drawing room to admire
his creation and
ory , law, and
genuinely interested in people, hist found an empty shell. He asked gra
ndmother where
g when he was
philosophy and was always readin everything was, and she very natura
lly informed
serene person
at home. He was the calmest, most him that she’d gotten rid of it becaus
e it was a dust
his voice, never
I have ever met. He never raised magnet. All he did was chuckle, and
then sat down at
ity to always
lost his temper, and had a special abil the table to have his lunch!
that the worst
rationalize things ever so smoothly the amazing
calamity seemed like a slight twitch
. Nothing could This incident pretty much rounds up
der ful people. In
make him lose his sense and aura of
peace. symbiosis between these two won
s, they obviously
the exact spite of their different characteristic
Grandmother, on the other hand, was complemented each other in a way
that only they
worked up about things
opposite. She used to get all could fully appreciate!
ies. She had to
and flustered over minor irregularit

3. Read the text again and find out.

• What is the topic of each paragraph? (What or who is the paragraph about?)
• Are all paragraphs about the same length? Why? Why not?
• What words/phrases describe the qualities of each person? Can you think of more?
• Which qualities are demonstrated through the incident?

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 B. 1. Think about two people you know who are good friends.
2. Using a Venn diagram, write the qualities you feel each person has. In the overlapping portion of the
diagram, write the qualities/characteristics that they share.
3. Write a short essay about the two friends, explaining how they complement each other.
Name Name

Rosa and Miriamen: dAMPe rfect Friendship since

iriam have been friends
t fri
My sister Rosa and her bes be together, and others joke
that
oo l. Th ey alw ay s see m to
elementary sch na t…
lities are quite dif ferent…
ins . Ho wever , the ir pe rso
they are tw

Writing Corner
When you write a descriptive essay about people’s qualities/characteristics:
• think about their positive and negative qualities, their needs and the things they offer, their
attitude to life, typical incidents, etc.
• express your personal feelings/views about the people.
• do not simply write a list of adjectives.
• vary the way you express thoughts, memories, and feelings; use expressions like these:
I think he/she is…, I have always felt that…, I regard him/her as…, He/She seems to…, He/She
tends to…, Anytime I think of…, I have never…, He/She is the most (adjective) person I have ever
known/met, etc.
• use linking devices that indicate similarity and contrast, cause and effect, consequence, reason,
etc.; use a variety of expressions and words like these: due to this…, although…, in spite of…,
while…, compared to…, because of…, as a result, both, etc.
• plan your essay carefully by deciding what/who you are going to focus on in different sections/
paragraphs.
• write a first draft, then read it and make corrections or write questions about things you are not
sure about.
• hand over the draft to someone else to read and edit; encourage him/her to write comments
and questions.
• read the comments and edit your essay.

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‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

11 11 Form, Meaning and Function www.ien.edu.sa

Simple Present Tense

Use the simple present tense for facts and things that are true in general.
For animals in the wild, each day is a struggle to survive.
Use the simple present tense to talk about future timetables or schedules.
My flight from Dubai to Bahrain leaves at 08:10 tomorrow. I then fly to Saudi Arabia
and arrive in Riyadh at eleven o’clock.
Use the present simple with exclamations with Here…! and There…! :
Q: Can I have the check, please? A: OPare!
Of course, Sir. Here you ENS A OPEN
T SA
Q: Dad, can I borrow your cell phone, please? A: I suppose so. Here you 9go!A.
M. 9 A. M T
Q: Where are my glasses? A: Ah! There they are! C
.
LOSES CLOSE
AT S
6 P. M AT
Q: Where is Nathalie? A: Here she comes!
6 P. M
. .
Simple Present versus Present Progressive
Use the simple present tense to talk about habits and routine, and use the present progressive for actions
occurring now or for a temporary situation.
Badr usually eats takeout, but today he is cooking dinner.
Use the present progressive for changing or developing situations.
More and more students are sharing apartments to save money while they study.
Use the present progressive with always, continually, constantly to describe an ongoing annoying situation or habit.
He is always asking his brother to lend him money.
Note: Some verbs are not often used in the progressive form: believe, think (opinion), know, remember, like, hate,
want, prefer, see, hear, feel, seem, appear, have, belong, own.

A. A. Read the telephone conversation between Badr and his brother, Fahad. Complete the conversation with the
correct form of the word in the parentheses. Use the simple present or present progressive.
Fahad: Hi Badr. How are (1. be) things in New York?
Badr: To tell you the truth, Fahad, not so good. It’s my flatmate, Adnan. I was really excited about us sharing a
flat but he (2. not/do) any chores. One bathroom (3. be) spotless because
I (4. clean) it but the other one is very dirty. The rest of the apartment is very untidy.
He always
(5. leave) his dirty dishes around
the flat. I constantly
(6. clean up). We agreed to take
it in turns to do the laundry but he is always
busy. I (7. do) the laundry
every week. Also, about the cooking …

B. B. Complete the conversation with your own

ideas. Compare with a partner.

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 Words Connected with Museums and Galleries
Some words we commonly associate with different types of museums and galleries are:

Archaeological Technological National

history space antiques
culture robots manuscripts
antiques science documents
pottery seminars state-of-the-art
jewelry 3-D digital cinema showing informative exhibits
exhibitions  scientific documentaries interactive displays
ruins educational books

Expressing Enthusiasm with Intensifiers and Adjectives

We use the intensifiers really, very, absolutely and quite with adjectives to express our enthusiasm with something.
There are two kinds of adjectives: gradable and non-gradable. Gradable adjectives can be measured in degrees, such
as size, age, quality etc. Non-gradable adjectives cannot be measured like this.
We use certain intensifiers with each group of adjectives.

Gradable Adjectives Non-Gradable Adjectives

expensive priceless
old ancient
beautiful stunning
very absolutely
important crucial
really really
good amazing
extremely quite
interesting fascinating
frightening terrifying
small tiny
big massive
Note: The intensifier really can be used with both gradable and non-gradable adjectives.

C. Look at the information about the National Museum of Saudi Arabia. Write sentences using the prompts.
Use the present simple tense.

Address: King Saud Rd, Riyadh

Prices: adult/child/student SAR 10/free/free
Opening hours: men & schools 9 am-noon Sun, Mon, Wed, Thu & 3.30-9.30 pm Tue,
women & schools 9 am-noon Tue,
families 3.30-9.30 pm Sun, Mon & Wed-Fri
Exhibits: manuscripts, documents, antiques

1. visiting times for families 4. ticket cost for students

2. visiting times for women 5. ticket cost for adult
3. visiting times for school groups 6. exhibits and attractions

D. Make some notes about your favorite museum or gallery. Work with a partner and using your notes,
tell your partner about it. Use the present simple tense, intensifiers and adjectives.

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‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

12 12
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Project
1. Find out how members of a certain team in your country share a symbiotic relationship and depend on
each other to reach a shared goal.
• Note that some people offer a service and have clients pay for that service, for example a store owner
and a customer. This is NOT a symbiotic relationship. A symbiotic relationship is when two or more
individuals depend on each other, such as teams. There are teams in sports, business, medicine, etc.
2. Write the information in the chart below and use it to make a PowerPoint presentation for your class.
3. Try to find appropriate pictures for your presentation.
4. Present in class. Allow at least 5 minutes for questions afterward.

Team or group

Field (business, sports, education,

family, etc.)

Members of team/group

Role/contribution of each member

Benefit for other member(s)

of the team

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 13 Self Reflection
Things that I liked about Unit 1: Things that I didn’t like very much:

Things that I found easy in Unit 1: Things that I found difficult in Unit 1:

I can do this I can do this I need to study/

Unit 1 Checklist very well. quite well. practice more.

talk about famous marriages in history

discuss how people/animals can help each other

negotiate

use other, others, and another

use emphatic do

use the simple present for future timetables or schedules

use the present progressive

talk about museums and galleries

express enthusiasm using intensifiers and adjectives

If you’re still not sure about something

My five favorite new words from Unit 1: from Unit 1:

• read through the unit again

• listen to the audio material
• study the grammar and functions
from the unit again
• ask your teacher for help

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2 Rags
2 Rags
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

to Riches
to Riches www.ien.edu.sa

1 1

$
Listen and Discuss
1. Talk about a person who went from not having much money to being wealthy.
2. What qualities do you think a person needs to excel in life and be successful?

$$
AMANCIO AMANCIO
ORTEGA ORTEGA
Industry: Retail Clothing Country of Citizenship: Spain
Amancio Ortega is the founder and chairman of a company that owns many stores,
including the enormously popular international clothing store, Zara. Now Spain’s richest
man, Ortega is the son of a railroad worker, and had no formal higher education. When
Ortega was 13, he worked as a delivery boy for a shirtmaker and later became the
manager of a clothing store. He began making clothing in his living room and selling it to
local stores. Ortega had an ability to predict what styles were going to be popular and
to create these styles with inexpensive materials. In 1975, Ortega opened his first Zara
store. Zara gained a reputation for selling designer fashions at reasonable prices. Today
Ortega’s company has more than 4,000 stores in 71 countries.

$$
MOHAMMAD
MOHAMMAD
ABDUL LATIF
ABDUL
JAMEEL
LATIF JAMEEL
Industry: Business Country of Citizenship: Saudi Arabia
A great philanthropist and prominent businessman, Mohammad Abdul Latif
Jameel, president of ALJ, runs one of the world’s largest car dealerships, with
operations in the Middle East, UK, Central Asia and China. A leading figure
in corporate social responsibility, he has created a series of initiatives against
poverty and has contributed greatly to the government’s Saudization program
in the Kingdom, by promoting thousands of jobs every year through the ALJ
Community Services Programs. Abdul Latif Jameel is an MIT alumnus, member of
the board of trustees and dedicated supporter of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty
Action Lab (J-PAL). He has been named “Saudi Volunteer of the Year” for 2012, in
recognition of the services offered by ALJCI in Saudi Arabia and the rest of the
Arab world.

$$
LI KA-SHING
LI KA-SHING
Industry: Business Country of Citizenship: China
Li was born into an impoverished family in China in 1928. When he was 15, his
father died, forcing Li to leave high school so that he could work to support his
family. He took a job in a plastics company, where he would work 16 hours a day.
At this company, Li used to assemble plastic flowers. By 1950, Li had started his
own plastics manufacturing company. His company prospered, which led Li to
expand his business into many different fields.
However, his successes are not all monetary. Li Ka-shing has a reputation
for being honest and generous. In fact, he is one of Asia’s most prominent
philanthropists, and has announced plans to donate one-third of his wealth to
charity.

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 $
STEVEN PAUL JOBS (1955-2011)
Industry: Computer Design Country of Citizenship: U.S.
Steven Paul Jobs was born in 1955 and adopted into a working class family. He
grew up in what later became Silicon Valley. He dropped out of college because
he could not afford to pay his tuition. In the late 70s, he co-founded Apple with
Steve Wozniak and others, and proceeded to develop and market the first
successful lines of personal computers. He eventually resigned from Apple over
an argument with the board of directors in 1984, and founded NeXT.NeXT Apple’s
buyout of NeXT
NeXT, in 1997, brought Jobs back to Apple as its CEO. He was the
largest individual shareholder of The Walt Disney Company and a member of
the board. Jobs was admired by many for his entrepreneurial skills, his foresight,
and his ability to create and support products that were both functional and
aesthetically pleasing.

Quick Check e
Q
A. Vocabulary. Complete each sentence with a word from the box.
excelled philanthropist reputation
impoverished prominent
1. Not only was Jake an excellent student in high school, but he ______ in
sports as well.
2. He has a ______ for being one of the greatest doctors in the field of neurosurgery.
3. My professor is a ______ economist who is often quoted in magazines.
4. The charity I donate to helps to build schools in ______ areas.
5. Businessman and ______ Sulaiman Al-Rajhi gives millions of dollars to charities
each year.

B. Comprehension. Answer the questions.

1. Why was Zara successful?
2. Why was Abdul Latif Jameel named “Saudi Volunteer of the Year”?
3. How has Abdul Lateef Jameel contributed to the Saudization program in Saudi
Arabia?
4. What challenges did Li Ka-shing face early in life?
5. What did Steven Jobs do in his teens that demonstrated his determination,
entrepreneurial skills, and foresight?
6. Which event, in your view, must have given Jobs a great sense of satisfaction and
self-worth?

2 Pair Work
Role-play with a partner. Choose a person from one of the Rags to Riches stories. You play
this person, and your partner plays a reporter who interviews you. Then switch roles.

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 2 Rags to2 Riches
Rags to Riches
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

3 3
www.ien.edu.sa

Grammar
Used To versus Be Used To
Used to + the base form of a verb is used to talk about an activity that was repeated habitually in the past,
but which is not done now.
He used to live in a mansion. But he lost all his money and now he lives in a small apartment.
She didn’t use to care about money. But now she’s become very materialistic.
Note: For the negative, use didn’t use to (omit the -d).
Be used to + gerund or noun is used to talk about something that has become familiar or habitual.
Some people think it’s crazy that he works seven days a week. But he is used to it.
Although she is a millionaire now, she isn’t used to shopping in expensive stores.
Note: For the negative, use be + not + used
d to (do not omit the -d).

Would for Repeated Action in the Past versus Used To

Would can be used to talk about an action that happened regularly in the past. Used this way, would means
the same thing as used to.
When I was a child, I would dream of being a millionaire. = When I was a child, I used to dream of being a
millionaire.
Note: Only used to (not would) can be used to talk about a situation that was true (without habitual action)
in the past.
He used to live at home until he got a job. (Correct)
He would live at home until he got a job. (Incorrect)

Was/Were Going To (Future in the Past)

Was/Were + going to + the base form of a verb is used to talk about a prediction for the future made in the
past, or a past plan that was not carried out.
I knew that company was going to be a great success.
He was going to spend the money, but he decided to invest it in the stock market instead.

A. A. Complete the sentences with either use(d) to or be used to. Use the negative in some cases.
1. We ______ eat at all the best restaurants, but then we started saving more money.
2. She’s from Costa Rica, so she ______ warm weather all year round.
3. The bed in my first apartment was so uncomfortable that I ______ sleep on the couch.
4. Marco ______ live with his whole extended family.
5. Even though he loves his apartment, he ______ living alone.
6. We ______ swim in that pond, but now it’s too polluted.
7. He likes his new job, but he ______ wearing a suit and tie.
8. She had always excelled in English, so she ______ receiving poor grades.

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 B. Use the phrases to write sentences about your own childhood, including
either would or (didn’t) used to. In some cases, both are possible.
help my mother with the cooking
When I was a child, I used to help my mother with the cooking.
1. go barefoot in the summer 5. have a favorite teacher
2. play with my friends for hours 6. help with the chores
3. like candy 7. hate going to bed
4. build castles in the sand 8. make up funny stories

C. Complete the first part of the sentences. Use was/were going to and your own ideas.
… but then I found a better one.
I was going to take the first job I was offered, but then I found a better one.
1. … but we were too tired. 4. … but he didn’t get accepted.
2. … but he lost his credit card. 5. … but we were too nervous.
3. … but you weren’t home. 6. … but she didn’t feel well.

D. Look at the pictures. Complete the paragraph about how Ming’s life has changed since he became wealthy.
Use used to, be used to, would, and was going to.

When Ming was younger, his life was very different …

Ming, 10 years ago Ming, now

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 2 Rags to2 Riches
Rags to Riches
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

4 4
www.ien.edu.sa

Conversation
Ahmed: My parents gave me SAR 30,000 for graduation.
Ibrahim: Wow! What are you going to
cash
do with all that cash??
Ahmed: going
I don’taround
know. I’m
in circles
going around indriving
circlesmyself
about it, driving myself
and everyone else
and crazy
everyone else crazy.. At first I was going to do something
really indulgent with it, like take a vacation. I was ready to book it,
got cold
butfeet
then I got cold feet.
Ibrahim: Why? I think a vacation sounds like a great idea. You’ve
worked really hard for four years. You deserve a break.
Ahmed: That’s true. But, on the other hand, I don’t want to spend all that
money on something that will be over in a week. So, then I was
thinking of buying something useful, like a used car.
Ibrahim: That’s a good idea.
Ahmed: Yeah. It would be a great convenience to have a car. But, at
the same time, I’m used to taking public transportation, and I
don’t mind really don’t mind it. Frankly, I can’t think of anything that I really
need. Soput the money
maybe I shouldaside for amoney
put the rainy day
aside for a rainy day.
Ibrahim: Well, yes, I suppose the alternative would be to just put it in the
bank until you need it.
Ahmed: Right. But then again, what’s the point of having money if you’re
not enjoying it? Maybe I should do something indulgent with it—
like take that vacation.
Ibrahim: Now I see how you’re driving everyone crazy!

Real Talk Real Talk

cash cash = money
go (around) in circles
go (around) in circles = to think through many possibilities over and over without coming to a decision
drive someone crazydrive someone crazy = greatly annoy or irritate
get cold feet get cold feet = to decide not to do something because you are too scared or nervous
don’t mind don’t mind = not annoyed or bothered by
put (something) aside
put (something)
for a rainy day
aside for a rainy day = to reserve something, usually money, for a future need

About the Conversation

About the Conversation
1. What options is Ahmed considering?
Discussing Options
Discussing Options
2. How is he driving people crazy?
At the same time,…
At the same time,…
3. What do you think he’ll do with the money? Why?
But then again,… But then again,…
Your Turn Your Turn I could always… I could always…
On the other hand,…
On the other hand,…
Role-play with a partner. Discuss a choice that one of you
The alternative would
The alternative
be to… would be to…
has to make. The choice can be real or made-up. Use
What would you think
Whatabout…?
would you think about…?
phrases for discussing options.

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 5 Listening
Listen to the lecture about the history of money.
Write the date by each form of money. Then number
the forms of money in the order they were used.

2
cowrie shells
1200 b.c.e.

inexpensive coins made of

paper money bartering electronic money metal coins valuable metals
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

6 Pronunciation
In English, the past tense ending -ed has three different pronunciations.
For verbs that end in the sounds p,
p k,
k f,
f s,
s ch, or sh, pronounce the ending /t/ as in worked.
worked

For verbs that end in the sounds d or t, pronounce the ending /ɪd/ as in wanted.
For verbs that end in vowel sounds or b, g,
g v,
v z,
z zh, th, j,j m, n, ng,
ng l,l r,
r pronounce the ending /d/ as in opened.
opened

Listen and practice.

1. They traded something of value that they possessed for something they needed.
2. What if no one wanted or needed it?
3. The first coins were produced in China, and the first paper money appeared in China.
4. Money called digital cash is already being exchanged over the Internet.

7 Vocabulary Building
A. You will see the following words in the reading on pages 26 and 27. Match the words with their meanings.
1. ____ renowned a. known, respected and admired
2. ____ comply with b. to put into practice, to make changes
3. ____ hurdle c. things of value that are owned by a person, or organization
4. ____ implement d. amount of money that is given as income to an organization, group,
charity, project
5. ____ founder e. an obstacle, a problem or difficulty
6. ____ endowment f. strong disagreement or argument
7. ____ dispute g. be in accordance/agreement with, obey
8. ____ assets h. the person or people that establish an organization or company
B. Check your answers with a partner. If you do not understand the meaning of a word,
look it up in a dictionary.

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 2 Rags to2 Riches
Rags to Riches
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

8 8
www.ien.edu.sa

Reading
Before Reading
Before Reading
What do you know about Sheik Suleiman Al-Rajhi?
What do you think matters to him most?

Sheikh
Sheikh
Sulaiman
Sulaiman
bin Abdul-Aziz
bin Abdul-Aziz
Al-Rajhi
Al-Rajhi
Sheikh Sulaiman bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Rajhi, the world-renowned philanthropist and winner of the 2012 King
Faisal International Prize for Service to Islam, has not always been a billionaire.
Born in 1929, he spent his youth in Al-Qassim where he and his brother Saleh began their business, changing
money for pilgrims, on their way to the cities of Makkah and Madinah.
Their business expanded in the 1970s during the oil boom in Saudi Arabia. The Al-Rajhi brothers helped
migrant workers from Indonesia, Pakistan and other places to send their earnings home. They were granted
permission to establish a bank, the Al Rajhi Bank, which complied with religious tenets such as a ban on
interest.
Founding the bank, which is now the world’s biggest Islamic lender, was not hurdle-free. Sulaiman Al-Rajhi
began by opening an office in Britain, to introduce the Islamic banking system on a more international basis.
However, his initial attempts to secure a banking license were unsuccessful, as British officials were not
aware of the principles and requirements of Islamic banking. He had to travel to different countries in order
to explain to bankers that interest was forbidden by Islam and regarded as unacceptable by pious people all
over the world. He pointed out that interest caused a lot of people to avoid transactions with banks, and to
keep their cash and valuables at home. Eventually, the banking system he proposed was launched in Saudi
Arabia and subsequently implemented in the United Kingdom.
Sheikh Sulaiman bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Rajhi is also chairman of the National Agricultural Development Company
and founder of the Al-Watania agricultural projects, which include the largest poultry farm in the Middle East
and one of the most successful companies in Saudi Arabia. Al Rajhi had visited a poultry farm abroad and had
been shocked by the improper way chickens were fed and slaughtered. This prompted him to launch the
poultry farm project, making sure that chickens were naturally fed and halal slaughtered according to Islamic
tenets. He has also introduced and supported organic farming throughout the Middle East, intent on securing
healthy food for all as a means of fostering good health, preventing illness and consequently reducing the
cost of medical treatment. The Al-Rajhi projects diversified into other areas, as well, such as real estate and
other investment projects.
In 2009, Sulaiman Al-Rajhi established the Sulaiman Al-Rajhi University, a non-profit research university with
three departments; Medicine, Nursing and Applied Science. In fact, the university was established by the
Suleiman Al-Rajhi Charitable Foundation (SAAR), which is considered the largest foundation of its kind in the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in terms of capital as well as range and volume of activities. SAAR now owns and

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 controls more than half of Sulaiman Al-Rajhi’s wealth. The foundation organizes
and oversees a substantial number of charities and humanitarian activities
worldwide.
In May 2011, Sulaiman Al-Rajhi announced that he was donating most of his $7.7
billion fortune to charity. During his lifetime, Al-Rajhi distributed the rest of his
wealth to his children in order to avoid potential disputes over inheritance, that could destroy kinship and
harmony among them.
Sulaiman Al-Rajhi was awarded the highly prestigious King Faisal International Prize for Service to Islam, in
2012, in recognition of his outstanding service to Islam, his role in the establishment of the world’s largest
Islamic bank and his ongoing contribution to charities, and humanitarian projects’ fight against poverty.
Having experienced extreme poverty earlier in life, Al-Rajhi chose to donate and distribute all his assets, to
gain peace of mind and inner happiness.

After Reading
Answer the questions.
1. What were Suleiman Al-Rajhi’s life prospects in relation to his early life?
2. What type of companies has he been involved in?
3. Which business was the most difficult to establish? Why?
4. What is notable about Suleiman Al-Rajhi in comparison to other wealthy businessmen?
5. Why did Al-Rajhi decide to donate most of his fortune to charity during his lifetime?
6. Why was Al-Rajhi awarded the King Faisal International Prize for Service to Islam?

9 Speaking
1. Think about how you can be successful in your life without depending on others.
Make notes in the chart.
2. Use your notes to talk in groups or in class. Compare ideas.

How I can use my Which areas/skills How long it will take to

What I am good at
strengths to develop I can develop reach my goal

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 2 Rags to2 Riches
Rags to Riches ‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

10 10 Writing www.ien.edu.sa

A. A. 1. What do you know about e-commerce? Do you ever buy books or other products on the Internet?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce, in your view?
3. Do you know who Jeffrey Bezos is? What has he accomplished? Scan the text and find out.
4. Read the text and fill in the blanks with the words or phrases. Some can be used more than once.
Listen and check your answers.

when (3 times) where (twice) then after one day by as

by the Defense
Jeffrey P. Bezos The Internet had been used mainly
aca demic researchers
was born in 1964, in Department, the government, and
, Jeff Bezos
Albuquerque, New until as late as 1994. (6)_ ___ ___ ___
easing by 2,300%
Mexico. He displayed observed that Internet usage was incr
l order businesses
a remarkable a year. He researched the top 20 mai
item for which no
mechanical aptitude and found that books were the only
too big to mail.
when he managed to catalogue existed as it would be far
kse ller’ s Convention
dismantle his crib with He attended the American Boo
he discovered that
a screwdriver as a the very nex t day, (7)_ ___ ___ ___
piled electronic lists
toddler! major wholesalers had already com
a location on the
of their inventor y. All he needed was
(1)_ ___ ___ ___ Internet.
Jeffrey was a in a two -bedroom
teenager, the family The new online company was set up
On July 16, 1995,
moved to Miami, house with a garage, in Seattle.
(8)_ ___ ___ ___
(2)_ ___ ___ ___ he the site was opened to the world.
,00 0. The
discovered computers. September, it had weekly sales of $20
ld hav predicted.
e
valedictorian of business grew faster than anyone cou
He graduated from high school, the lling business
his class. He (3)_ ___ ___ ___ com
pleted his studies (9)_ ___ ___ ___ the online bookse
e of products
in computer science and electrica l engineering at expanded to include an endless rang
ds to furn iture and so
Princeton University. from clothing to electronic goo
g too fast to be
ked at some on, skeptics thought it was growin
(4)_ ___ ___ ___ graduation, he wor successful. (10)_ ___ ___ ___ it turn
ed out, it was the
ed as if Jeff
well-known firms on Wall Street. It look smartest move anyone could have
made that changed
nce, but
would have a successful career in fina the face of commerce forever and
turned sev eral
e a disc ove ry that changed his
(5)_ ___ ___ ___ he mad members of the Bezos family into billio naires.
iness forever.
life and changed the course of bus

5. Identify the topic/theme of each paragraph.

Paragraph 1: ______________ Paragraph 2: ______________ Paragraph 3: ______________
Paragraph 4: ______________ Paragraph 5: ______________ Paragraph 6: ______________
6. Which verb forms are mostly used? Are passive sentences used in any sections? Why? Why not?
7. Make a list of the key events, including no more than 12 items. Highlight the key events/verbs in the text.
Then write them on a timeline.
8. Now cover the text and look at your 12 items. Reconstruct the story and tell your partner. Then switch roles
and repeat.

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 B. 1. Choose a famous and/or wealthy person.
2. Research information about this person’s life, including the events (steps) that took the person from
obscurity to fame or poverty to wealth.
3. Note these events or steps in a chart.
4. Write a descriptive essay about this person’s life.

Name of Person:

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Mohamed Aboutrika football player

ou tri ka ha s on e of the mo st successful careers of any ss.
Mohamed Ab
thi ng ab ou t his ea rly life could have predicted his succe
in the world today. But no Eg yp t, to a family of Syrian heritage.
As a
rn in Gi za ,
Mohamed Aboutrika wa s bo
y tim e he ha d the ch an ce. He used to dream of growing
an
child, he would play football t…
te tea m, Al-Ahly Egypt…
up and joining his favori

Writing Corner
When you write a descriptive essay about a person’s life:
• distinguish the main life events from surrounding information.
• select key events that provide a complete picture of how someone’s life developed from the
time they were born.
• list the events in chronological order, then switch them around if you wish, e.g. Having
completed his studies, he proceeded to apply for any position that was advertised in his area
of specialty.
• use connectors to show the order of events such as: when; then; after; while.
• be as descriptive as possible: Describe the person’s character, qualities and actions. Choose
key events based on these qualities so that the reader has a clear picture of the person’s
character as well as the person’s life story.

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 2 Rags to2 Riches
Rags to Riches
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

11 11 Form, Meaning and Function www.ien.edu.sa

Present Perfect Simple Tense

Use the present perfect to talk about actions that started at an indefinite time in the past.
It is often used to talk about time from the past to now in a person’s life.
Q: Have you been to Kuwait?
A: Yes, I’ve been to Kuwait. I have visited many places in the Middle East.
Use the present perfect to talk about recently completed actions.
Mohammad Abdul Latif Jameel has contributed greatly to the government’s Saudization
program in the Kingdom.
Use the present perfect simple to emphasis an action that started in the past and has continued until now and may
continue in the future.
Li Ka-Shing has lived in China for all his life.

Time Expressions with For and Since

Use the present perfect simple tense with for to indicate the duration of the action: for two months, for a year,
for a long time.
Use the present perfect simple with since to indicate when the action began: since yesterday, since last June.

Questions with How Long

Q: How long has the clothing store been in operation? A: It’s been in operation since 1975.
It’s been in operation for 40 years.

A. A. Complete the sentences with for or since.

1. Hameed has had the same TV _____ 15 years. 5. We haven’t used our car _____ a long time.
2. I’ve had my laptop _____ last June. 6. I’ve been drinking tea _____ years.
3. We’ve worked on this project _____ a month. 7. Tariq has worn glasses _____ the age of seven.
4. My friends haven’t visited me _____ my graduation. 8. _____ when have you had that beautiful watch?

B. B. Complete the paragraph with the verbs in parentheses. Use the present perfect or simple past tense.
Amancio Ortega
The son of a railroad worker, Ortega is now Spain’s richest man. When
Ortega was (1. be) 13, he ________ (2. work) as a delivery boy for a
shirtmaker and later ________ (3. become) the manager of a clothing
store. He ________ (4. begin) making clothing in his living room and
selling it to local stores.
Ortega ________ (5. have) an ability to predict what styles were
going to be popular and to create these styles with inexpensive
materials. Over the last 40 years, the clothing store ________ (6. gain)
a reputation for selling designer fashions at reasonable prices. Today
Ortega’s company has more than 4,000 stores in 71 countries.

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 Past Simple versus Present Perfect
Use the present perfect to talk about an action that happened in the past when the exact time isn’t known or isn’t
important. Use the simple past tense when the exact time is given.
Present Perfect Simple Past
A: Have you ever met a billionaire? A: When did he start the company?
B: No, I’ve never met a billionaire. B: He started the company in the late 70s.

Note: Time expressions we can use with the present perfect are: yet, so far, ever, never, already, recently, lately,
once, twice, etc.

Asking and Telling about Personal Experiences: Have you ever ...?
Yes. So far this year. I’ve ordered 25 books online.
Have you ever ordered books online No. I’ve never ordered books online, but
I’ve bought other products through the Internet.
I haven’t bought books online yet. I buy them
from the bookstore on the corner.

C. Complete the conversations. Use the present perfect and simple past. Then practice with a partner.
1. A: Have you ever ______ to charity? 3. A: _______ Sheikh Sulaiman bin Abdul-Aziz Al-
B: No, I _______. Have you? Rajhi always _______ a billionaire?
A: Yes, I _______ some clothes and books. B: No, he hasn’t.
B: That’s great! I want to make a donation, too. A: _______ he ever ______ money to charity?
2. A: I _______ tacos in Mexico years ago. B: Yes, he ___. He ______ some of his wealth
to charity in 2011.
B: What did they taste like?
4. A: I’ve never _______ in a helicopter.
A: They _______ spicy.
B: I have. I _______ in one over the Red Sea.
A: I’d like to do that one day.

D. Make some notes in the chart below. Work with a partner. Ask and answer about your personal experiences.

People I have met Places I have been Events I have attended

_______________________ _______________________ _______________________

_______________________ _______________________ _______________________
_______________________ _______________________ _______________________
_______________________ _______________________ _______________________
_______________________ _______________________ _______________________
_______________________ _______________________ _______________________

E. Tell your partner’s experiences to the class.

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 2 Rags to2 Riches
Rags to Riches
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

12 12
www.ien.edu.sa

Project
1. Think about a person you admire who could be a role model for you and your friends.
2. Research and collect information about his/her life and achievements. Make notes along the
timeline below.
3. Draw the timeline on a large poster. Use your notes to write brief summaries at each point.
4. Include pictures or drawings to illustrate the person’s achievements.
5. Present your poster in class. Allow time for questions afterward.

First discovered
what he/she was
School very good at
Grew up in
Born

Where/when Where/when Where/when

Date

How he/she used

his/her talent/discovery
Who helped
him/her
How/when

How/when
How he/she became
successful

How/when

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 13 Self Reflection
Things that I liked about Unit 2: Things that I didn’t like very much:

Things that I found easy in Unit 2: Things that I found difficult in Unit 2:

I can do this I can do this I need to study/

Unit 2 Checklist very well. quite well. practice more.

talk about fame and fortune

discuss options

use used to versus be used to

use would for repeated action in the past versus used to

use was/were going to (future in the past)

use the present perfect simple tense

use time expressions with for and since

ask questions with: How long...?

use the past simple and present perfect tense

ask and talk about personal experiences using: Have
you ever ...?

If you’re still not sure about something

My five favorite new words from Unit 2: from Unit 2:

• read through the unit again

• listen to the audio material
• study the grammar and functions
from the unit again
• ask your teacher for help

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3 What
3 What
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

Will They
Will Think
They Think
of Next?
of Next? www.ien.edu.sa

1 1 Listen and Discuss In 1900, a popular American magazine,

called Ladies’ Home Journal, published
1. What things that we take for granted today did people an article called “What May Happen in the
not have 100 years ago? Next Hundred Years,” making predictions
2. Name a discovery or development that you think people about what life would be like in the year
will have (or use) 100 years from now. 2001. Read and discuss the predictions.

People Language Transportation Traffic

People will be taller by There will be no C, X, or Cars will be cheaper There will be no traffic
one to two inches. This Q in the English alphabet than horses are today. on the streets of large
increase in height will be as these letters will have Automobiles will have been cities. All traffic, including
a result of better health, been determined to be substituted for every horse subways, cars, and buses
due to improvements in unnecessary. Spelling vehicle now known. A one- will be either below
medicine, sanitation, and by sound will have been pound motor in one of these ground or high above
diet. The average life adopted. English will vehicles will do the work of a ground. “Moving-sidewalk”
expectancy will have risen have become a language pair of horses or more. stairways will connect
from the current age of 35 of condensed words. There will be air-ships, but them to the street level.
to the age of 50. English will also be more they will not successfully The vehicles on the busy
extensively spoken than compete with cars and ships underground and overhead
any other language. for passenger or freight streets will have cushioned
Russian will rank second. traffic. They will be used wheels. Therefore, there
mainly by the military. will be almost no noise in
cities.

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 Media
Photographs will be telegraphed from any
distance. If there is an important event
happening halfway around the world,
photographs of the event will be published
in newspapers an hour later.

Deliveries
When people make purchases from stores,
their purchases will be delivered by tubes,
connected from the store to houses.
These tubes will also collect, deliver, and
transport mail over distances, perhaps for
hundreds of miles.

Communication
Wireless telephone circuits will span the
world. A person in New York will easily be
able to call someone in China.

Quick Check e
Q
A. Vocabulary. Match each word to its definition.
1. _____ circuits a. extend across
2. _____ condensed b. shortened
3. _____ determined c. covering a wide range or area
4. _____ extensively d. position in an ordered group
5. _____ rank e. paths for electrical currents
6. _____ span f. decided

B. Comprehension. Answer the questions.

1. What was the average life expectancy in 1900?
2. What predictions did the author make about the English language?
Have they come true?
3. What do you think the author was referring to when he used the term air-ships?
4. Choose a prediction and give an example of how it has come true.
5. Which prediction do you think is the least likely to ever come true? Why?

2 Pair Work
Work with a partner to make predictions about the year 2100. Create one prediction for each
of the categories in the article. Discuss your predictions with the class.

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 3 What Will
3 What
They Think
Will They
of Next?
Think of Next?
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

3 3
www.ien.edu.sa

Grammar
Future Perfect
The future perfect is used to express the idea that an action will be completed in the future, before another event
or before another specific time in the future. The future perfect is formed with will have + past participle.
By the time my children are grown, scientists will have found a solution to global warming.
The car company will have introduced their new models by November.

Future Perfect Progressive

The future perfect progressive is used to focus on the duration of an action that will be happening in the future
before another time or event happens in the future. The future perfect progressive is formed with
will have + been + present participle.
By the year 2025, people will have been flying for 122 years.
Note: Sometimes either the future perfect or the future perfect progressive can be used to express the same idea.
By 2022, I will have been living in Sao Paulo for 15 years.
By 2022, I will have lived in Sao Paulo for 15 years.

The Future with Dependent Time Clauses

We can talk about a future event using a time clause with when, before, after, while, until, and since. A present
tense verb form (not a future form) is used in the time clause, and will or be going to are used in the main clause.
My father will keep using his old-fashioned cord phone until it breaks.
When he finishes working on his invention, he’s going to let me try it out.

A. A. Use the future perfect to combine the future events into one sentence, using by or by the time.
1st Event: I will take all my final exams. 2nd Event: The end of June will come.
By the end of June, I will have taken all my final exams.
1. 1st Event: It will start to rain.
2nd Event: We will arrive at the picnic.
2. 1st Event: I will fall asleep.
2nd Event: This film will be over.
3. 1st Event: I will get married and have children.
2nd Event: 2024 will come.
4. 1st Event: My father will work at his company for 20 years.
2nd Event: He will retire.
5. 1st Event: He will decide which college to attend.
2nd Event: February will come.
6. 1st Event: The food will get cold.
2nd Event: You will come to the table.
7. 1st Event: He will learn to drive.
2nd Event: He will graduate.

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 B. Use the future perfect or the future perfect progressive to complete each sentence.
In some cases, both forms are possible.
Sheri started studying biology in 2019.
By 2023, she will have been studying biology for four years.
1. My parents got married in 1990. By 2024, _____________________________________________.
2. My brother became a vegetarian three weeks ago. By next week, __________________________.
3. Jasim started his new job in February. By November, ____________________________________.
4. You started studying at 4:00. By 8:00, _________________________________________________.
5. I’ve already lost five kilograms on my diet. If I lose another two, ____________________________.
6. I moved to Singapore in 1998. By 2022, _______________________________________________.
7. We started waiting 20 minutes ago. If she gets here in 10 minutes, __________________________.
8. This TV show started two-and-a-half hours ago! In another half hour, _______________________.

C. Put the verbs in parentheses in either the future tense (will

will or be going to) or the present tense.
I ’ll call (call) you as soon as I get (get) home.
1. The company _____________ (manufacture) the parts when they _____________ (receive) the order.
2. After I _____________ (make) a million dollars, I _____________ (buy) my parents a house.
3. I _____________ (travel) the world before I _____________ (get) married and settle down.
4. He _____________ (run) to the store before it _____________ (start) raining.
5. When you _____________ (drive) down the road, you _____________ (see) a large, red building.
6. _____________ you _____________ (argue) with me until I _____________ (change) my mind?

D. Look at the pictures. Then complete the paragraph about how life will be different in the year 2050.
Use the future perfect, future perfect progressive, and the future with dependent time clauses.

While some things will have stayed the same for the average family in
2050, some things will have changed dramatically…
dramatically

Today’s family The family of 2050

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 3 What Will
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Conversation
Edward: Grandma,
lugging
you’ve been lugging that book around all
weekend.
Grandma: If I want to read it, what choice do I have?
Edward:
ditch You can ditch the book and get an electronic book
reader.
Grandma: A what?
what
Edward: An electronic book reader. They’re these great
little devices that let you read books electronically.
So, you read on screen instead of on paper.
Grandma: But I like reading on paper.
Edward: Trust me, Grandma. In a few years, no one is going
to be reading books printed on paper anymore.
Paper books will have disappeared.
Grandma: I don’t like all this new technology. I’m happy with
things the way they are.
Edward: check
You outshould check out e-book readers. One
really
of the advantages is that you can buy, download,
and start reading a book in minutes. Another great
thing about it is that you can carry hundreds of
books with you without it being heavy.
Grandma: Why would I want to carry hundreds of books around with me?
Edward: go with
Grandma, I’m sure if you just gave it a try, you’d find that you actually prefer it. Why not go with
the flow the flow?
Grandma: I think thishoopla
is all just a lot of hoopla.
Real Talk Real Talk
I’ve been reading my books on paper
for 68 years, and I’m not about to
lugging lugging = carrying, especially something heavy or awkward
change that now. ditch ditch = leave, get rid of
check out check out = look at something in order to evaluate it
go with the flow go with the flow = accept things
About the About the Conversation hoopla
Conversation hoopla = excitement created by a large amount of publicity
1. What does Edward want Grandma to try?
2. What arguments does he make?
3. Is Edward successful in persuading Grandma?
Why or why not?
Persuading Persuading
(I’m sure) if you just
(I’mgive
sure)it aiftry,
youyou’ll
just give
find itthat…
a try, you’ll find that…
Your Turn Your Turn Look at it this way…Look at it this way…
Role-play with a partner. Tell your partner aboutOne of the advantages One ofis… the advantages is…
One
something you use or do, such as a kind of technology reason you should
One reason
consider…you should consider…
Trust me on this…Trust me on this…
or a sport. Try to persuade your partner to try it. Use
What’s great about What’s
this is…
great about this is…
phrases for persuading.

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 5 Listening
Listen to the information about the future of newspapers.
Then complete the chart with the advantages and
disadvantages of each news format.

1.

Newspapers Advantages Disadvantages

Print
Online
Electronic

2. What do you think some disadvantages of the electronic newspaper might be?

6 Pronunciation
Consonant clusters may contain two or three consonants, for example: broken, plan, understand, street,
spray, hungry. Be careful not to separate the consonants in a cluster with a vowel sound or add a vowel
sound before the cluster. Listen and practice.
1. The Internet brought great change to the newspaper industry.
2. To stay competitive, it soon became important to have an online presence.
3. Newspapers could present up-to-the-minute news, instead of having to wait to print it.
4. The electronic newspaper reader will have the look and feel of a print newspaper.
5. It will have a portable screen that is flexible.
6. One newspaper publisher predicts, “By 2030, we will have stopped printing paper newspapers completely.”

7 Vocabulary Building
A. You will see the following words in the reading on pages 40 and 41. Match the words with their meanings.
1. ______ chain a. extremely difficult
2. ______ commonplace b. a path in space followed by a planet, moon, or spacecraft
3. ______ estimated c. a group of businesses owned by the same company
4. ______ lucrative d. expensive
5. ______ orbit e. frequent or usual
6. ______ rigorous f. producing a lot of money
7. ______ simulate g. given an approximate cost
8. ______ steep h. imitate

B. Check your answers with a partner. If you do not understand the meaning of a word,
look it up in a dictionary.

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Reading
Before Reading
Before Reading
If you could go into space, would you? Why or why not?

AN OUT-OF-THIS-WORLD
AN OUT-OF-THIS-WORLD
VACATION
VACATION
Things that once seemed impossible often
become commonplace with the passing of time.
There are people predicting that this will happen
with space tourism in the next decade or two.
Some are even investing in and developing
space tourism technology, believing that space
tourism will be the next big thing. They imagine a
future in which space travel will have become a
reality for millions of ordinary people.
At the moment, space tourism is only a possibility
for the incredibly wealthy. In 2001, American
multi-millionaire Dennis Tito paid $20 million
to become the first space tourist. After eight
months of rigorous training, Tito traveled aboard
a Russian capsule that was launched by an
American company called ‘Space Adventures.’
He then spent seven days aboard the International Space Station. Since then, a number of other millionaire space tourists of
different nationalities have gone into space.
Although up to now only very wealthy people have had the opportunity to be space tourists, many see this as the beginning
of what will eventually become a lucrative new industry. There are several companies that have already invested millions of
dollars in developing new, reusable launch vehicles. Their goal is to lower launch costs enough to make it possible for the
average person to buy a ticket to space. The Japanese Rocket Society, for example, has set a target price of one million yen
(about $10,000).
Virgin Galactic, a British company owned by Richard Branson's Virgin Group, has been working on plans for sending people
into space for years. The company is about to begin testing of their eight-seat spacecraft, and expects that they will have
worked out any problems by 2022. When the spacecraft is shown to be safe, Virgin Galactic will begin their flights. Although
tickets are a steep £100,000 ($123,000), amazingly, the first year of flights has already been booked. One of these future
passengers is Lisa Ramirez, a mother of three. When asked why she was prepared to spend so much money on a Galactic
flight, Ramirez explained, “I’m 58 years old, and by the time this happens, I will have been dreaming of going to space for at
least 45 years!”
There are even companies working on plans to build hotels for space tourists. The Shimizu Corporation, a giant Japanese
construction company, has detailed plans for a hotel they expect to complete by 2023. They believe that by then they will
have created a 63-room hotel which will orbit 279 miles (450 kilometers) above the surface of Earth. The hotel will slowly
spin in order to produce enough force to simulate Earth's gravity. It is estimated that such a space hotel would cost 6 to 12
billion dollars, and would take about six years to build.
Since water was discovered on the moon in 1998, the multi-national hotel chain, Hilton Hotels,
has been working on plans for a hotel on the moon. The plans call for a 5,000-room complex
with a beach, a working farm, a medical center, and even a school. Two huge solar panels will
generate the power. Hilton is working on this project with experts at NASA.

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 You may wonder what space tourists will do while in space. To begin with, most will
probably want to spend some time simply enjoying the incredible sight of Earth from
space. After that, no doubt they will spend some time gazing at the amazingly bright stars,
and will take a space walk or two. When space tourists have had their fill of observing,
they are likely to spend hours amusing themselves floating and doing acrobatics in the
zero gravity of space. This zero gravity could provide endless recreational opportunities,
including swimming in a zero gravity swimming pool in which people move through a
floating mass of water.
With so much research, energy, and money being poured into space tourism, it is
clear that it is a matter of when, rather than if space tourism will become a reality.

After Reading
Answer true or false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.
1. ____________ The first tourist in space paid two million dollars.
2. ____________ Virgin Galactic is struggling to book its first year of flights.
3. ____________ A Japanese construction company has plans to build a hotel in space.
4. ____________ The entire hotel will experience zero gravity.
5. ____________ The Hilton Hotel chain plans to power a moon hotel with wind power.
6. ____________ Hilton Hotels is working on the moon hotel with NASA.

9 Speaking
1. Work in groups/pairs. Think about space tourism in the future. Do you think it will happen?
Why? Why not?
2. What do you think some of the advantages and disadvantages will be?
3. Think about transportation, accommodation, cost, and advertising.
4 Make notes in the chart and use them to help you present your opinion and discuss in class.

Advantages of space tourism Disadvantages of space tourism My opinion

Space tourism
will / will not happen.
Reasons:

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Writing
A. A. 1. How do you think the world will have changed by the
year 2050? Think about cities, crops, manufacturing,
vehicles, trade, homes and other buildings, measures
to protect people from environmental factors such as possible radiation from nuclear power stations, etc.
2. How do you think Saudi Arabia will change in the future? What progress and developments will have
been made by 2030 in different areas such as education, society, the economy, technology, culture,
infrastructure etc?
3. Read the text and compare your ideas in 2 with the plans in the text.

SAUDI ARABIA VISION 2030

All success stories start with a work on the restoration of national, skills and training to enter the job
vision, and successful visions are Arab, Islamic and ancient cultural sites market and find work.
based on strong pillars. By 2030 and strive to make them accessible to Our nation is ambitious in what we
our Vision for the country will have everyone and, in the process, create want to achieve. We will improve
been implemented, providing greater cultural events and build world-class
efficiency and take responsibility
opportunities for our people. museums which will attract visitors
from near and far. seriously at all levels. Our third theme
The pillars on which we will build this is built on an effective, transparent,
Vision are firstly, our status as the Our cities already enjoy high levels of accountable, enabling and high-
heart of the Arab and Islamic worlds, security and development. Our citizens
performing government. We will
secondly, our determination to become are safe, secure and healthy. We will
continue to maintain this through also prepare the right environment
a global investment powerhouse and
supporting infrastructure development, for our citizens, the private sector
finally, the transformation of our
providing high quality services and and non-profit sector to take
unique strategic location into a global
hub connecting three continents, Asia, keeping our crime rates (already among their responsibilities and take the
Europe and Africa. the lowest in the world) very low. We initiative in facing challenges and
will further continue to develop and seizing opportunities. One of our
By 2030, our Vision will have been
provide meaningful recreation facilities responsibilities is towards not only
developed into reality, built around
to our citizens and encourage the the people of our country and our
three themes: a vibrant society, a
exchange of knowledge and cultural visitors, but also to the environment.
thriving economy and an ambitious
experiences through community clubs By preserving our environment and
nation.
and pastimes. natural resources, we fulfill our
This first theme is vital to achieving Islamic, human and moral duties. We
In the second theme, a thriving
the vision and a strong foundation for economy provides opportunities for will seek to safeguard our environment
economic prosperity. all by building an education system by increasing the efficiency of waste
We recognize the importance of aligned with market needs and management. We will promote the
preserving our society and our creating economic opportunities for optimal use of our water resources
sophisticated heritage in order to entrepreneurs and small enterprises and we will direct our efforts towards
promote national unity and consolidate as well as the large corporations. protecting and rehabilitating our areas
true Islamic and Arab values. We Therefore, we will develop our of natural beauty.
will endeavor to strengthen, preserve investment tools to unlock our
and highlight our national identity so promising economic sectors, * Adapted from the text of the Vision
that it can guide the lives of future diversify our economy and create job Programs at https://vision2030.gov.sa/
generations. We will do so by keeping opportunities. We will also expand en and from the text that was drafted
true to our national values and our economy and improve the quality by the Council of Economic and
principles, as well as by encouraging of our services. We will continue to Development Affairs as instructed by
social development and upholding the support our already excellent education the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques,
Arabic language. We will continue to system to help young people gain the King Salman.

4. Look at the use of active and passive voice in the text. Which is used most often? Why?

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 B. 1. Choose one development in the text which will have been
completed by 2030.
2. Think about the impact this development will have on both your
personal life and on society. Write your ideas in the organizer.
3. Write an essay presenting your ideas and give some examples.

The development that will have taken place by 2030:

The impact on my life:

The impact on society:

Education in 2030 progress in developing

great
By 2030, the Visio n Program will have made pporting
us to lea rn eff ect ive ly. I think that in addition to su
more ways for
eve n mo re wi th res ou rce s and training, we will also
teachers and students us e
lpful
of computers. This will be he get
rn fro m ho me via the
be able to lea and cannot
ple wh o liv e in rem ote ar eas or when a child is sick ject
for peo
ere wi ll be on lin e cla sse s and perhaps we will have pro
to school. Th
materials delivered by drones!

Writing Corner
When you write a personal essay which expresses your views:
• make notes before you start writing to plan what you want to say.
• organize your thoughts into paragraphs; for example, describe the change in the introduction.
Use the main body to talk about the impact on you and the impact on society.
• include a conclusion to sum up your views or opinions. Don’t include any new information in
the conclusion.
• be creative but focused on the topic.
• you don’t have to be objective.
• address your audience directly.
• use “I” narration, as in “I think” or “I feel.”
• include examples, personal anecdotes, thoughts, interpretations, or ideas.
• try to get your point across as clearly as possible.
• do not repeat yourself.

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11 11 Form, Meaning and Function www.ien.edu.sa

Simple Present Tense

Yes/No QuestionYes/No
(?) Question (?) Short Answer (+)Short Answer
Short Answer
(+) (–)Short Answer (–)
Do they use the Internet? Yes, they do. No, they don’t.
Does she have a laptop? Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.
Simple Present
Simple
of thePresent
Verb Beofand
theInformation
Verb Be andQuestions
Information Questions
Information Questions
Information
(?) QuestionsAnswer
(?) Answer
What’s your last name?
What’s your last name? It’s Al Zahrani. It’s Al Zahrani.
How’s it going? How’s it going? Fine, thanks. Fine, thanks.
When’s the festival?
When’s the festival? It’s in February. It’s in February.
Where’s your friend
Where’s
from? your friend from?
He’s from Jeddah.He’s from Jeddah.
Who’s that tall man?
Who’s that tall man? That’s my uncle. That’s my uncle.
Why’s he here? ’s He’s here for the festival.

Simple Past of the Verb Be and Be Born

Q: Where were you born? A: I was born in Oman.
Q: Where was he/she born? A: He/She was born in Kuwait.

Simple Past with Regular and Irregular Verbs

Yes/No QuestionYes/No
(?) Question (?) Short Answer (+)Short Answer
Short Answer
(+) (–)Short Answer (–)
Did you/he/she/they live in Riyadh? Yes, I/he/she/they did. No, I/he/she/they didn’t.
Information Questions
Information
(?) QuestionsAnswer
(?) Answer
Where did you live? I lived in Riyadh.
What did you he wear? He wore formal clothing.
Irregular Past Forms
Irregular Past Forms
be—been drive—drove go—went make—made spend—spent
buy—bought eat—ate give—gave meet—met swim—swam
come—came feel—felt have—had ride—rode take—took
do—did fly—flew know—knew see—saw win—won

A. A. Interview a classmate. Ask for this personal information.

1. name 4. date of birth 7. telephone number

2. spelling of first and last names 5. nationality 8. email address

3. age 6. address 9. occupation

B. B. Read the predictions again made in 1900 on page 34 and 35. Which predictions came true? Which predictions
didn’t come true? Use the simple present and simple past tenses.
Life expectancy didn’t rise from 35 to the age of 50. It rose from 35 to the age of 75. People are
taller now than they were in 1900.

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 Words Connected with Space and the Planetary System: Part 1
Some words we associate with space and the planetary system are:
technology gas solar system rocks orbit
space station gravity the moon volcanoes launch
spacecraft stars the sun poisonous air land
robot car meteors Earth high mountains take photos
astronauts eclipse the planets atmosphere build
Our planet Earth is a lump of rock in space.
Each planet orbits the sun on its own invisible path.
The sun was formed by thick clouds of dust and gas.
The moon is the only place in space where people have landed.
An eclipse is when the moon moves in front of the sun for a short time. The sky gets darker
and the temperature drops.

C. Complete these facts about space with an appropriate word. Use the vocabulary words above.
1. The sun is at the center of our . is one planet in a group of
eight planets. Scientists now consider Pluto to be a dwarf planet.
2. The sun is a . Because it is very close to Earth, it looks bigger than the other stars.
3. Sometimes a crashes into the moon and makes a crater or giant hole in the surface.
4. In the future, scientists want to hotels on the so people can go there on vacation.

D. Work with a partner. One person should read EXTRACT 1 and the other person should read EXTRACT 2.
Ask and answer each other to talk about your reading extract.
A: What is EXTRACT 2 about?
B: It’s about space tourism and what tourists will do in space.
A: What will they do?

EXTRACT 1 EXTRACT 2
Are humans the only intelligent life in the universe? There are companies working on plans to build hotels for
Or, are we just one of many advanced civilizations space tourists. The Shimizu Corporation, a giant Japanese
out there? While people used to assume we were construction company, has detailed plans for a hotel they
alone in the universe, we now know that the galaxy expect to complete by 2022. They believe that by then they
contains over 100 billion stars. This fact has led many will have created a 63-room hotel which will orbit 279 miles
scientists to think it unlikely that we are the only (450 kilometers) above the surface of Earth. The hotel will
intelligent life form in the universe. Some of these slowly spin in order to produce enough force to simulate
scientists have devoted themselves to searching for Earth’s gravity. It is estimated that such a space hotel would
other civilizations. This search is commonly referred cost 6 to 12 billion dollars, and would take about six years to
to as the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, build. You may wonder what space tourists will do while in
or SETI. Since the SETI program began in 1959, space. To begin with, most will probably want to spend some
scientists have been scanning the sky for signals sent time simply enjoying the incredible sight of Earth from space.
by another, alien civilization. To do this, they use the After that, no doubt they will spend some time gazing at the
world’s largest radio telescope which is located in amazingly bright stars, and will take a space walk or two.
Arecibo, Puerto Rico. The Arecibo telescope is 1,000 When space tourists have had their fill of observing, they are
feet (305 meters) in diameter. This telescope is so likely to spend hours amusing themselves floating and doing
large, it is said that it could hold 10 billion bowls of acrobatics in the zero gravity of space. This zero gravity could
cornflakes! The telescope collects and sends data to provide endless recreational opportunities, including swimming
SETI computers 24 hours a day. in a zero gravity swimming pool in which people move through
a floating mass of water.

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 3 What Will
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12 12
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Project
Take a closer look at your neighborhood or an area in your town and think about changes that
have been taking place over the last year or two.
1. Look at the area and write things that you see, e.g. old and new buildings, sidewalks, street
lights, new and old stores, traffic, sanitation system, parks, etc.
2. Research and collect information about constructions or other projects. Talk to people who
live in the area. This type of information will give you ideas about the kinds of development/
changes that will probably take place.
3. Use the chart to make notes about the information and your ideas.
4. Think of how the area will have changed by 2030 or 2040.
5. Select and print out pictures or draw if possible.
6. Use your notes and pictures to prepare a PowerPoint presentation for your class.

The area as you

Thesee/know
area as youThe
see/know
area as you
Theimagine
area as you imagine
Comment on Comment
change on change
it now it now it in 2030 or 2040
it in 2030 or 2040
(positive or negative)
(positive or negative)

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 13 Self Reflection
Things that I liked about Unit 3: Things that I didn’t like very much:

Things that I found easy in Unit 3: Things that I found difficult in Unit 3:

I can do this I can do this I need to study/

Unit 3 Checklist very well. quite well. practice more.

discuss technology invented over the last 100 years

discuss technology of the future

make predictions about life in the future

use the future perfect and the future perfect

progressive
use the future with dependent time clauses

ask information questions

use be and be born in the present and the past

know some regular and irregular past verb forms

talk about space and the planets

If you’re still not sure about something

My five favorite new words from Unit 3: from Unit 3:

• read through the unit again

• listen to the audio material
• study the grammar and functions
from the unit again
• ask your teacher for help

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 EXPANSION
EXPANSION
Units 1–3
Units 1–3
1 1 Language Review
A. A. Complete each sentence with other,
other others,
others or another.
1. I’m almost done with this cup of hot chocolate. Can you please
bring me _______________?
2. Some predators wait for their prey to come to them.
_______________ predators chase their prey.
3. Don is so materialistic. Although he already has two cars,
he’s going to buy _______________.
4. One lucrative crop for many farmers is soy beans.
_______________ is corn.
5. He excels in football, track, gymnastics, and a handful of
_______________ sports.
6. That store is a chain. There are a few in Spain and Italy and
_______________ in France and Germany.
7. One of the most famous children’s books by Dr. Seuss is The Cat
in the Hat. _______________ are One Fish Two Fish Red Fish
Blue Fish and Horton Hatches the Egg.
8. One option would be to spend the money on a vacation.
_______________ would be to put it in a savings account.

B. B. Rewrite the underlined sentences with used to, be used to, or would.
He’s a very humble man. He doesn’t usuallyy take credit for anyything
g.
He’s not used to taking credit for anything.
1. When he lived in Riyadh, he often drove by Faisaliah Tower.
2. Bobby felt lonely when his sister went to college. It felt strange not
having her in the house.
3. This coffee shop is where I studied when I was in college.
4. He’s much more materialistic now than he was when he was a teenager.
5. The cough was so persistent, after a while she didn’t even notice it.
6. When I was younger, I exercised rigorously. Now I hardly exercise at all.
7. I usually shop in small stores. I don’t usually shop in chain stores.
8. He has always loved electronics. When he was a child, he and his dad
built circuit boards together.

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 C. Answer and discuss these questions about life in the year 2050.
1. Do you think scientists will have found a cure for cancer?
2. Do you think space travel will have become commonplace?
3. Do you think the world will have become more peaceful?
4. Do you think we will have started using something other than gas to run our cars?
5. Do you think global warming will have slowed down?
6. Do you think engineers will have developed a computer capable of thought?
7. Do you think scientists will have contacted life on other planets?

D. Look at the pictures of Asma below. Write sentences about her, using the following grammar
points from Units 1–3.
used to future perfect
was going to future perfect progressive
would future with dependent time clauses

Asma, 10 years ago Asma, 10 years from now

Marital status: single, lives at home with parents Marital status: married, two children
Occupation: student Occupation: history professor
Hobbies: writing poetry, playing video games Hobbies: writing poetry, gardening
Likes: sleeping late, spending time with friends Likes: spending time with family, eating
Dreams: to become a professor, to get married healthy foods
and have kids, to have laser eye surgery Dreams: to get more sleep!

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 EXPANSION Units 1–3Units 1–3
EXPANSION

2 2 Reading
Before Reading
Before Reading
1. Do you think there is life on other planets?
2. If there were life on other planets, how could
we find this out?

IS ANYBODY
IS ANYBODY
OUTOUT
THERE?
THERE?
Are humans the only intelligent life in the universe? Or, are we just one of many advanced civilizations out
there? While people used to assume we were alone in the universe, we now know that the galaxy contains
over 100 billion stars. This fact has led many scientists to think it unlikely that we are the only intelligent life
form in the universe. Some of these scientists have devoted themselves to searching for other civilizations.
This search is commonly referred to as the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, or SETI.
Since the SETI program began in 1959, scientists have been scanning the sky for signals sent by another,
alien civilization. To do this, they use the world’s largest radio telescope which is located in Arecibo, Puerto
Rico. The Arecibo telescope is 1,000 feet (305 meters) in diameter. This telescope is so large, it is said that
it could hold 10 billion bowls of cornflakes! The telescope collects and sends data to SETI computers
24 hours a day.
Many people don’t realize that in addition to searching for radio waves, we humans are sending them out
into space as well. This is because all of the radio and television signals that come into our homes also travel
into space. We have been constantly and unintentionally leaking radio waves
into space for over sixty years now. One day these signals may be
detected by an alien civilization. In fact, it is possible that aliens
are already listening to Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, CSI,
and The Simpsons!
Although SETI has found some unexplained signals,
there have not been any clear, confirmed extraterrestrial
signals yet. However, SETI scientists are not at all
discouraged. They know that the universe is vast,
and searching the entire sky for a distant signal is like
searching for a needle in a haystack.
Not only are SETI scientists not discouraged, they are
actually more optimistic than ever before. They do feel that in
another 50 or 100 years, they will have succeeded in detecting
Arecibo Radio Telescope alien signals. What is the reason for this confidence? Previous
searches were limited by the shortcomings of available technology.
For example, while there are hundreds of billions of stars in our galaxy,
fewer than a thousand have been monitored for alien signals. But technology is improving all the time. As
technology improves, scientists are going to have a better chance of picking up alien signals. In the next few
decades, hundreds of thousands of stars, maybe even millions, will have been monitored.

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 Dan Wertheimer, a SETI researcher at the University of California
in Berkeley, says, “We’re making incredible progress. The more
computing power you have, the better job you can do looking for
these signals. Capabilities have been doubling every year.” One
reason SETI’s computing power has been increasing is a volunteer
program started in 1999 called SETI@home, in which the computers of
ordinary people around the world are used to analyze SETI data.
Through the SETI@home program, volunteers download a special
SETI screensaver to their home computer. When the computers are
not in use and go into screensaver mode, the computers begin to analyze data gathered by the Arecibo radio
telescope. The home computers search through the data for any signals that may have been created by an
alien civilization. There are currently over 5 million volunteers in 225 countries participating in this program.
Wertheimer says, “If you’re the lucky one that finds that distant signal, then you might get the Nobel Prize, but
you’ll have to share it with 2 million people around the world who are helping us analyze
that data.”
Some people find it hard to believe that perhaps one day we will be communicating with aliens from distant
planets. But others feel differently. Eighty-six-year-old Daniel Jackman says, “When I was a young man, if you
had told me that one day we were going to send people into space, I would’ve told you that you were crazy.
Now I know better. Just because we’re used to certain limitations doesn’t mean we can’t go beyond them.”
We may well learn one day that we are not alone in the universe. In the meantime, when sitting on your couch,
watching your favorite TV program, consider that an alien civilization may be listening to it with you!

After Reading
A. Match each word to its synonym.
1. ______ diameter a. accidentally
2. ______ detected b. width
3. ______ limitations c. restrictions
4. ______ monitored d. observed
5. ______ optimistic e. searched
6. ______ unintentionally f. hopeful
7. ______ vast g. enormous

B. Answer the questions.

1. What is the goal of the SETI program?
2. Why haven’t any signals been picked up from other planets yet?
3. Why are SETI scientists confident that they have a better chance of picking up signals in the future?
4. How do we send signals into space?
5. What is SETI@home?

Discussion
1. Do you think the SETI project will ever be successful? Why or why not?
2. Do you think it is a good idea to try to contact alien civilizations? Why or why not?

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 EXPANSION Units 1–3Units 1–3
EXPANSION

3 3 Language Plus
A A B B C C

be in another world carry the weight of the be on top of the world

world on (one’s) shoulders

D D E E F F

be worlds apart The world is (one’s) oyster. Where in the world...?

Complete each sentence with an idiom shown. Be sure to put each idiom in the correct tense.
1. I just can’t find my glasses. could they be?
2. After Jim won the tennis championships, he .
3. Dan and Warren have different views on everything. They .
4. You need to stop worrying and quit .
5. Frank is so happy with his success, he doesn’t seem aware of anything else. It’s like he .
6. He graduated at the top of his class. He can do anything he wants with his life. .

4 4 Writing
Tools for Writing:
Tools for
Commonly
Writing: Commonly
Confused Words
Confused Words
Fewer and less have the same meaning. They are both the opposite of more.
However, fewer is used with count nouns and less is used with noncount nouns.
Fewer people are buying newspapers than ever before.
Since the new police chief took over, there has been less crime in our city.
Farther is used to talk about distance. Further is used to mean additional.
Most Arabian bred horses can run faster and farther than English bred horses.
I’m going to call the school to get further information about the program.

Complete each sentence with the correct commonly confused word.

1. The invention of the microwave made it possible to cook meals in _________ time.
2. I make __________ grammatical mistakes than I used to.
3. I don’t want to discuss this any ___________.

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 An exp
os
is an e itory essay
ssa
the wri y in which
ter
describ explains,
Writing Prompt es, or
informa gives
Write an expository essay about a common device or technology. Write about
about tion
the history of the technology, and make predictions about how you think the a subje
technology will change in the future. Include grammar points from Units 1, 2, ct.
and 3.

Write Your Essay

1. Decide on the type of device or technology you will write about.
2. Use a chart to organize your ideas. Write your topic at the top. Then write ideas about the past, present,
and future of the device or technology.
Device/Technology:
3. Write a draft of your essay.
Past Present Future
4. Have a partner read and comment on
your draft. Use your partner’s comments
and suggestions to revise your essay.

Developing Your Writing: Prewriting Techniques

Prewriting is an important first step in the writing process. Prewriting helps you explore and gather
your ideas before you begin organizing and writing your essay. These are some of the most common
types of prewriting techniques:
Freewriting: Freewriting involves taking the time (usually about five minutes) to write down all of
the ideas you have about your topic before you begin researching or organizing the topic. When
you freewrite, do not worry about using correct spelling, grammar, or punctuation, or even writing in
complete sentences.
Brainstorming: Like freewriting, the purpose of brainstorming is to capture all of the ideas you have
on a topic before you begin writing about it. However, when you brainstorm you only write words or
phrases related to your topic.
Questioning: Ask the journalist’s five W’s—Who? What? When? Where? Why? Why?—about the topic. List
as many questions as you can about the topic. This will help you start thinking about questions to
research and answer in your essay.

The Past, Present, and Future of the Telephone

Telephones are something we all take for granted. We are so used to
having them that it is hard to imagine that they were only invented a little
over 100 years ago. Just think, at the beginning of the twentieth century
there were fewer than four million phones in the world. And if you wanted
to speak with another person over the phone, you would need an operator to
make the connection between you and the other person. Telephone technology
has changed a lot over the last 100 years, and I believe in just another ten
or twenty years it will have changed radically from what it is today…
today

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4 The4World
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

The World
of TV of TV www.ien.edu.sa

1 1 Listen and Discuss

1. What is your favorite TV film? Explain why it is your favorite.
2. Which of the following genres do you like best: animation, comedy, or adventure? Why?
3. What’s the worst TV film you have ever seen? Explain.

THE TV ME TV FILM
FEITLH
NAME1
N A M about Andy
and his
ated film is orite
anim se fav
ILM ILM
MFE THE TV F
story: This tle boy who2 ith the
About the
idiosyncrati
c toys. And
yD a vis
o
is
rd
a
in
lit
ates a missi
on w E ATV
NAME THN
2
of
d y, a c o w boy do ll, c o
h a t p re se nts An d y is
. fi lm p re se nts the story
toy, Wo o find out w use d a
ys to try and to a new ho This animate . The cub is the son of
rest of the to b e fo re th ey all move e w h e n Ab o u t the story: ad u lth oo d d c om es to
o m h is p arents to y s c o m e to lif c u b ’s jo u rney to h a p p y c h ildhoo
getting fr w is that h is a lio n his nd
doesn’t kno a new toy e king. But his father a
What Andy W he n B u z z Lightyear, . W o o dy p o w e rful and wis his ev il u n cle murders lion go e s into
n o o n e around. a lly ta ke n by him b ru p t e n d when o m . T h e y oung
there is is re for an a king d s and
e r, a p pears, Andy nsely as they compete im a w ay from the s tw o good friend
space ra n g inte arly driv e s h he m a ke ams of
is like each other to tro uble and ne er th e ju ngle, where e ge ts older, he dre
and Bu z z d ey g e t in oth exile in ver, a s h claim his
atte n tio n . But when th d u p su p porting each s a c a re fre e life. Howe le h is e v il uncle and re
Andy’s n live tt
ng the mov
e, they e lls him to ba
get lost duri fa m ily . h is fa ther, who te
to rejoin the family thron
e.
in an effort

4 4
TV FILM
NAME THENAME THE TV FILM
About the story: This is a documentary about Bruce Lee’s
life, career, and untimely death. It reveals a side of Lee
unknown to the public, along with the better known qualities
3 3 of the celebrity—the man that the world knew. Lee had been
NAME THNE ATV
MFEILTH
ME TV FILM
working on a new project at the time of his death, ironically
titled Game of Death. Rare camera shots have been included
About the story: This anim in the documentary according to Lee’s own script notes in an
clown- fish that lives ated film is about M
in the Great Barrier arlin, a attempt to convey his ambitions for the project and his frame
his son Nemo when Reef. Marlin loses of mind toward the end of his life.
a diver captures him
a dentist’s office, wh and takes him to
ere Nemo finds him
other sea creature self in a tank with
s. Marlin sets off wi
with short- term m th Dory, a blue tang
emory loss, to resc fish
great distance, runn ue him. They travel a
ing into sharks, jelly
getting rides on se fish, and whales an
a turtles. While Mar d
to get to the dentist lin and Dory are try
’s office, Nemo an ing
in the dentist’s tank d the other sea an
are plotting their es imals
return to Sydney Ha cape in order to
rbor and their hom
es.

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 5
AME THE T V FILM
N the real life st
ory of
n
ory: Based o is film portrays
About the st atician John Nash, th mental
at h e m caused by a
prominent m d e lu si o n s
ademic
le with his promising ac
Nash’s strugg se e m in g ly
“game
h starts a vancement in
condition. Nas m ar ka b le ad
ruggles
akes a re lusions and st
career and m s hav in g d e
he begin ate. His wife,
theory,” when his mental st
trol o ve r and he is
to maintain co
n
u gh ye ar s of therapy,
by him th ro s on to
Alicia, stands m e h is re se arch and goe
le to resu
eventually ab rize.
the prest ig ious Nobel P
w in

Answers:
1. Toy Story; 2. The Lion King; 3. Finding Nemo; 4. Bruce Lee: A Warrior’s Journey; 5. A Beautiful Mind

Quick Check e
Q
A. Vocabulary. Complete each sentence with a word from the box.
abrupt animated prominent untimely
delusions capture prestigious idiosyncratic

1. Finding Nemo and Toy Story are two examples of ______ films.
2. The Nobel Prize is the most ______ award a scientist can win.
3. Geniuses are often quite ______ individuals. They tend to have unusual behavior
and habits.
4. A young actor’s ______ death in an accident usually gets wide media coverage.
5. A cameraman’s job is to ______ the scenes on film.
6. Chris O’Donnell played the part of Hemingway, a ______ American writer.
7. The ______ ending of the film surprised us.
8. ______ can sometimes be a symptom of mental instability.
B. Comprehension. Answer the questions.
1. Which TV films use fictional characters?
2. In which TV films are there characters who are allies?
3. In which TV films do the characters take a journey?
4. Which TV films are biographical?

2 Pair Work
In pairs, create your own clues for one or two TV films or documentaries you have seen.
Read the clues to your class and see if they can guess the film or documentary.

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 4 The World
4 Theof TV
World of TV
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

3 3
www.ien.edu.sa

Grammar
Both...And, Not Only...But Also, Either...Or, Neither...Nor
Both...and, not only...but also, either...or, and neither...nor are all paired conjunctions. They are used to link two
words, phrases, or clauses of the same type. For example, nouns are linked with nouns, adjectives are linked
with adjectives, and verbs are linked with verbs.
My favorite animated film is either Toy Story or Simba.
He is not only hardworking, but also intelligent.
When connecting two subjects with both...and, be sure to use a plural verb.
Both my father and his boss were present in the meeting.
When connecting two subjects using either...or, not only...but also, or neither...nor, the choice to use a singular or
plural verb depends on the subject that is closer to the verb.
Neither my uncle nor my brothers want to see that documentary.
Neither my brothers nor my uncle wants to see that documentary.

Independent Clauses with And, But, Or, So, and Yet

An independent clause is a group of words that includes a subject and verb. It expresses a complete thought,
and can stand alone as a sentence.
I ordered the engine part online.
Two or more independent clauses can be combined with coordinating conjunction words, like and, but, or, so,
and yet.
I ordered the engine part online, but now I can’t find the confirmation number.
The conference hall wasn’t air-conditioned, so I demanded a refund.
I liked the book, yet I hated the film.
Note: When a sentence includes two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction, use a comma
before the coordinating conjunction.

A. A. Complete each sentence with the correct paired conjunction and an idea of your own.
She arrived with both her brother and her sister .
1. We like neither fast food .
2. The university is both prestigious .
3. He not only plays basketball well, .
4. We’re either going to eat pizza .
5. I neither watch TV .
6. The policeman not only stopped the crime, .
7. In the morning, she drinks either coffee .
8. Jack has neither called us .
9. Bruno has both a sore throat .
10. You can either look for a new job .

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 B. Combine each pair of sentences using a paired conjunction.
Jack isn’t old enough to vote. Richard isn’t old enough to vote.
Neither Jack nor Richard is old enough to vote.
1. The Statue of Liberty is in New York. The Empire State Building is in New York.
2. She broke her leg. She dislocated her shoulder.
3. Bill James didn’t succeed in climbing Mount Everest. Charlie Bower didn’t succeed in climbing
Mount Everest.
4. I’ll call you later. I’ll email you later.
5. We’re not angry. We’re not disappointed.
6. Ice is a state of water. Vapor is a state of water.

C. First, match the independent clauses. Then rewrite them as one sentence using a coordinating
conjunction and correct punctuation.
You can admit your mistake, or you can just hope no one notices it.
1. You can admit your mistake. c a. She continues to consider her a friend.
2. I told them I’d come over for dinner. b. The other lives in Argentina.
3. He’s a vegetarian. c. You can just hope no one notices it.
4. She’s lied to her more than once. d. He continues to miss his home in Brazil.
5. One of their children lives in Japan. e. He’s not going to eat any beef burgers.
6. He’s very comfortable in the U.S. f. I’m really not feeling well.

D. Write sentences about the animals using both paired conjunctions and coordinating conjunctions.
Both the cheetah and the ostrich are fast runners.
goldfish deer salmon bear camel ostrich hawk
fox elephant snake penguin turtle cheetah tiger

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 4 The World
4 Theof TV
World of TV
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

4 4 Conversation
www.ien.edu.sa

Adel: That was such a fantastic basketball

game on TV.
Fahd: You must be joking.
Adel: Why? Didn’t you like it?
Fahd: I thought it was a terrible game. The
just
whole thing was just awful.
Adel: What didn’t you like about it?
Fahd: For one thing, the Bulls’ key player missed every easy shot. It really bothered me throughout the
entire game.
Adel: Well, you’re right about that. But what else didn’t you like?
Fahd: I thought their uniforms were ridiculous. I found the whole idea of the Bulls’ players wearing
hard to swallow
cowhide tops hard to swallow.
Adel: I don’t agree at all. The whole idea is to stand out in the game. The tops are not real cowhide. It’s
fake cowhide.
Fahd: I’m not sure they were fake. Think of all the poor animals they took the hides from. They must
a dime
believe that the poor a dozen
animals are a dime a dozen. Anyway, by the end of the game, I started to
doze off doze off
off.
Adel: We seem to have very different tastes in basketball and uniforms. Maybe next time we get
together we should just go out to a restaurant.
Fahd: I couldn’t agree more.

Real Talk Real Talk

About the Conversation

About the Conversationjust just = really, very
hard to swallow hard to swallow = not easy to believe
1. What did Adel like about the game?
a dime a dozen a dime a dozen = something so common that it doesn’t
2. What did Fahd dislike about the players? have much value
doze off doze off = fall asleep

Your Turn Your Turn

Role-play with a partner. Think of a situation in which two people might disagree. Discuss your opinions,
using the phrases for agreeing and disagreeing.

Agreeing Agreeing Disagreeing Disagreeing

I agree completely.
I agree completely. (I’m sorry but) I don’t
(I’m agree
sorry but)
(withI don’t
you). agree (with you).
I couldn’t agree more.
I couldn’t agree more. I see it differently.I see it differently.
You’re absolutely You’re
right. absolutely right. I totally disagree. I totally disagree.
You’re right aboutYou’re
that. right about that. (I ‘m afraid) I don’t(Ireally
‘m afraid)
agree.I don’t really agree.
I’m not so sure aboutI’m not
that.
so sure about that.
You must be joking. You(Informal
must beand joking.
not (Informal
very polite)
and not very polite)

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 5 Listening
Listen to the interview from the TV show
Special Places for Special People and
complete the chart.

Design 1 Design 2 Design 3 Final design

1. What was good about it?
2. What was bad about it?
3. What was the CEO’s opinion?

6 Pronunciation
When a word that ends in a vowel sound is followed by a word that begins with a vowel sound, the words
are naturally linked by an inserted w or y sound. Listen and practice.
1. Hello and welcome to our new offices.
w w w
2. I am very happy with the designs.
y
3. The design lives up to our expectations.
w
4. In the end, it all comes together.
y
5. My only complaint about the new one is that it is not modern enough!
y w

7 Vocabulary Building
A. You will see the following words in the reading on pages 60 and 61. Match the words with their meanings.
1. ______ altered a. unusual and attractive
2. ______ captivates b. extremely important
3. ______ confronts c. imperfections
4. ______ crucial d. captures someone’s attention
5. ______ defects e. lasting
6. ______ enduring f. changed
7. ______ exotic g. great, remarkable
8. ______ ironically h. against the way it appears
9. ______ phenomenal i. meets something difficult or dangerous

B. Check your answers with a partner. If you do not understand the meaning of a word, look it up
in a dictionary.

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 4 The World
4 Theof TV
World of TV
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

8 8
www.ien.edu.sa

Reading
Before Reading
Before Reading
Brainstorm a list of elements in a detective story.

The Formula behind

Detective Stories on TV
Detective stories have always been a favorite in literature, and now they are
one of the most popular genres in TV films and series. There is something
appealing about the mystery and intrigue that captivates viewers and keeps them
in suspense until the case is finally solved.
But what accounts for the phenomenal success and enduring popularity of detective
stories? Is it the charismatic and fearless hero and his uncanny ability to uncover the truth? Is it
the action and adventure—the high-speed chases, danger, and exotic settings? Is it the psychological wit and hi-tech
gadgets that the detective has at his disposal? Or is it the simple fact that the viewer knows the hero will triumph over
the villain in the end?
Clearly, the TV audience enjoys the mystery and non-stop suspense of detective films. However, ironically, there is
also predictability to the story that is tremendously appealing. Certain elements and sequences of events appear over
and over in detective stories and are eagerly awaited by fans. TV films and series with such predictable elements are
known as formula films. The TV audience knows the plot will be puzzling and sometimes have unexpected results.
They know the hero will confront dangerous villains. They know there will be complicated steps involved in piecing
together all the clues, and they are challenged to try to figure out the mystery before the detective.
The most basic element in the formula of a detective story is the hero—the detective. This is the character the
viewer identifies with throughout the film. He is usually a courageous individual with superior intelligence. He is
often charming and outgoing, which helps him socialize with others, while, in fact, he is collecting information from
witnesses and gathering evidence for his case. Another type of hero is the gruff and serious detective, who rarely
smiles, but is very efficient at his job. In contrast, the hero in detective comedies is a naïve and clumsy character who
accidentally stumbles across clues to eventually solve the crime.
Of course, the villain also plays a crucial role in the story. On occasion, the villain’s identity is a mystery and is only
revealed at the end, but more often he is introduced to the TV audience. Just as there are formulaic types of heroes,
there are stereotypical villains: cold-blooded, greedy criminals, evil geniuses, and mad scientists. Most villains also
have physical or psychological defects that add to the ugliness of their character, such as a scarred face, a missing
limb, or a split personality.
The detective is challenged to find the villain by following clues. To assist him, he uses special talents in intellectual
reasoning or has help from technological devices. These range from a simple magnifying glass to sophisticated DNA
analysis and electronic tracking devices. Some detectives even use high-tech gadgets that are disguised as everyday
objects, such as an explosive pen, a laser watch, or a computerized, talking vehicle!
When the hero confronts the villain, there are always scenes of action and danger. These involve high-speed chases
on any kind of vehicle imaginable—cars, motorcycles, helicopters, speed boats, skis, submarines, camels, or simply

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 on foot. If the detective is captured, he finds himself in life-threatening situations and must use his skills to escape.
He is then even more determined to catch the villain.
One way or another, the detective always accomplishes his mission, much to the satisfaction of the audience. The
formula for detective stories is so successful; it is hard to imagine that it will ever be significantly altered. After all,
who wants to watch a detective story without action and adventure, or in which the villain wins?

After Reading
Answer true or false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.
1. ___ Detective stories are only popular on TV.
2. ___ The success of detective stories is due to a combination of elements.
3. ___ Many elements of a detective story are predictable.
4. ___ All detective stories have an intelligent and charming hero.
5. ___ The formula of detective stories is likely to change in the future.

9 Speaking
1. Work in pairs/groups. Compare two TV films or documentaries that you have seen. Think about the
characters, setting, plot, story development, special effects, and other features in the TV films; consider
the theme, setting, time period, history, special effects, and outcome in the documentaries.
2. Make notes in the appropriate chart. Use your notes to talk about the similarities and differences of the
TV films/documentaries that you have compared in class.

Title TV Film 1: ____________________ TV Film 2: ____________________

characters/actors
setting
plot
story development
special effects
other features

Title TV Documentary 1: _____________ TV Documentary 2: _____________

theme
setting/location
time period
history
special effects
outcome

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 4 The World
4 Theof TV
World of TV
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

10 10
www.ien.edu.sa

Writing
A. A. 1. What kind of TV films do you enjoy? Why?
2. Are there categories of TV films that you are not
interested in or you dislike? Which? Why?
3. Can you explain what is meant by “film genres”?
4. Read the text and find out.
• What are genres? How are they defined?
• How easy is it to classify TV films?
• Are there distinct and permanent categories? Why? Why not?
5. What are the distinguishing characteristics of different genres? Underline/highlight
words/phrases or sentences that provide the answer.

action adventure comedy drama animation epics

biopics detective horror war Western science fiction

Main Genres of TV Films

Film genres are categories of films based on theme, setting,
plots/stories, characters, and other specific features such usually costume dramas, historical dramas, or war dramas
as special effects, computer enhancement, animation, in extravagant settings with lavish costumes. They are
etc. There are major genres and subgenres. For example, sometimes a more spectacular version of a biopic film, such
adventure and action films are quite well-known and as The Last Emperor
Emperor.
associated with popular heroes such as Superman or the Horror films are designed and produced to frighten
Rambo sequels. audiences. They are sometimes combined with science
It is not always easy to classify films as they often combine fiction when, for example, Earth is invaded by an alien
elements of different genres. Kung Fu Panda, for instance, monster. Science fiction films, on the other hand, are often
is an animated film which can also be categorized as an visionary, with futuristic technology and extraordinary
action film. This is the reason why some films are listed in creatures from outer space. One of the most famous
different categories or a category that is more popular at a examples of this genre is E.T.
given time. War films portray the horror and destruction of war and
Film genres evolve through time. Action films featuring are often combined with documentary excerpts. They are
martial arts specialists and superhuman heroes used to also paired with other genres depending on the story, e.g.
be very popular over a decade ago. They still exist, but action, adventure, drama, comedy, etc. Finally, Westerns
they seem to have lost their initial appeal. If a film includes represent one of the oldest genres with easily recognizable
action and is filmed in tropical settings, is it an action film or plots, elements, and characters, including horses, dusty
an adventure film? Would you say that Toy Story belongs to towns, Indians and cowboys, good and bad guys, a sheriff
animation as a genre or comedy? Is it more of one or the and deputies, etc. In other words, they follow a common
other? And if so, which? formula which has been modified, developed, expanded,
Detective films are developed around stories of criminal supplemented, and revisited over the years.
actions and include elements of mystery and suspense. If you look up film genres in different sources, you will
Dramas, on the other hand, are serious films, portaying find that they share some categories but not others. Once
realistic life situations, character development, and again, this is quite natural, given the evolutionary nature of
interaction. They include a number of subcategories, film genres and changing trends in popularity that reflect
e.g. melodramas, biographies, or “biopics.” Epics are overall social and financial trends.

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 B. 1. Think of a TV film genre that uses a formula (e.g. action, adventure, comedy, Western).
Choose a particular TV film in this genre as an example.
2. Think about the different parts of the formula. Use a diagram to make notes.
3. Write an expository essay in which you reveal and explain the formula behind the film.

TV film genre or title:

_________________

A Coming-of-Age Film us on a
n Ki ng is a com ing -o f-a ge film. Coming-of-age films foc cally. In
The Lio ally and ph ysi
ulthood, often both emotion
young person’s journey to ad ch the main
lly a role model who helps tea dergo. The
ds of fil ms the re is us ua
these kin must un
lly a test that the character
character, and there is usua this kind of film because…
of
Lion King is a good example

Writing Corner
When you write an expository essay:
• choose a specific area of a topic to focus on.
• think about your audience or readers.
• research and collect information from different sources.
• think of examples and comments made by others.
• you can use quotes, exchanges, and arguments from your sources.
• if necessary, you can present the information in three main sections:
a. an introduction and thesis statement
b. a longer paragraph or a number of paragraphs presenting the information about
different aspects or categories of the main topic
c. a closing paragraph
• you are free to use different types of text, arguments, and material, including visuals.

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 4 The World
4 Theof TV
World of TV
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

11 11 Form, Meaning and Function www.ien.edu.sa

Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives

The ComparativeThe Comparative
Use more/ less + Use
adjective,
more/ or adjective
less + -er or
+ adjective, to adjective
make the+comparative.
-er to make the comparative.
Detective storiesDetective
are more/stories
less popular
are more/thanless
stories about
popular space
than travel.
stories about space travel.
Goldfish are smaller thanare
Goldfish clownfish.
smaller than clownfish.
Use words such as: Usea words
little, slightly,
such as: much, a lot,
a little, considerably,
slightly, definitely,
much, a lot, and certainly
considerably, to express
definitely, how much
and certainly something
to express how much something
differs, or to add differs,
emphasis. or to add emphasis.
Children’s TV films are considerably
Children’s TV films arebetter than they used
considerably bettertothan
be. they used to be.
Use as+ adjectiveUse
+ asas+
to adjective
compare things
+ as tothat are equal
compare or that
things similar.
are equal or similar.
Finding Nemo is as goodNemo
Finding as ToyisStory.
as good as Toy Story.
Use not as + adjective + as
Use not asto+ adjective
compare things
+ as tothat are different.
compare things that are different.
Finding Nemo and Toy Story
Finding Nemoareand
good
ToyTV filmsare
Story butgood
not as
TVgood
films as
butThe
notLion King.as The Lion King.
as good
Use the + comparative,
Use thethe + comparativethe
+ comparative, to +describe two actions.
comparative The two
to describe second action
actions. happens
The secondas a result
action of the as
happens first.
a result of the first.
The more I hear about the Giza
The more I hearPyramids,
about thethe more
Giza I want to
Pyramids, know.
the more I want to know.
The harder he works at speaking
The harder English,
he works the better
at speaking he becomes.
English, the better he becomes.
The Superlative The Superlative
Use the + adjective
Use+ the
-est+oradjective
the most/least + adjective
+ -est or to make
the most/least the superlative.
+ adjective to make the superlative.
The Nobel prize is the most prestigious award a scientist can win.
The company director agreed that it was the least attractive offer, but he was obliged to take it.
We can use the expression by far to add emphasis.
The Lion King is by far the best TV film of all.

A. A. Write sentences about the animals using comparative and superlative structures.

camel • cat • cheetah • donkey • eagle • elephant • goldfish • horse • ostrich • snake • tiger • lion
1. Both cheetahs and tigers are big cats.
Lions are the biggest of the cats.
The biggest tigers are as big as lions.
Cheetahs are a lot smaller and more slender in comparison.
The cheetah is by far the fastest land animal on Earth.
1. cheetah/tiger/lion
2. camel/donkey/horse/elephant
3. ostrich/eagle
4. bear/ snake
5. Your own idea

B. B. Imagine you are a contestant on a TV Quiz show. Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions.
1. What’s the most widely spoken language? 5. What’s the most populated city?
2. What’s the tallest mountain? 6. What’s the largest lake (by size)?
3. What’s the largest desert? 7. What’s the hottest place?
4. What’s the deepest ocean? 8. What’s the driest place?

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 Words Connected with Space and the Planetary System: Part 2
Look at this information about the planets in our solar system:

Name of Distance from Radius Number Geographical Features or Special Facts

Planet the Sun (km) (km) of moons
Mercury 57,909,227 2,440 None rocky
Venus 108,209,475 6,052 None rocky, high mountains, volcanoes, poisonous air
Earth 149,598,262 6,371 1 rocky, inhabited, mountains, volcanoes
Mars 227,943,824 3,390 2 rocky, mountains, volcanoes
Jupiter 778,340,821 69,911 68 cold, rings
Saturn 1,426,666,422 58,232 62 cold, rings
Uranus 2,870,658,186 25,362 27 cold, icy rings
Neptune 4,498,396,441 24,622 14 cold, icy rings
Note: Our Solar System used to be described as a group of nine planets, but scientists now consider
Pluto to be a dwarf planet.

Irregular Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

In most cases we make comparative and superlative adjectives by adding -er/-est, or we use more/most
or less/least. However, a small number of adjectives are irregular.
well (healthy) – better – the best
far (distance) —farther or further – the farthest or the furthest
old (people in a family) – older or elder – the oldest or the eldest
bad – worse – the worst good –better – the best

C. Use the chart above to find information about the planets. Choose the correct word to make true facts
about our solar system.
Some planets are much bigger and farther away from the sun than others. Jupiter is
by far the (1. biggest / hottest) and Mercury is the (2. smallest / coldest) in our solar
system. Mars is (3. closer / farther) from the sun than Earth. Mercury is the (4. closest
/ farthest) planet to the sun. It is so (5. close / far) to the sun that if you stood on the
surface of the planet, the sun would appear at least three times (6. larger / smaller)
than it does on Earth.
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are all rocky planets, but Earth is the only one
that is (7. inhabitable / uninhabitable), which means that people, animals and plants
live on it. Venus is only (8. slightly / almost) smaller than Earth and has many high
mountains and volcanoes. Venus is so (9. close / far) to the sun that the land is (10. hotter
/ colder) than boiling water. Mars is a (11. rocky / icy) planet and is known as the Red Planet because of the
red color of the planet’s surface. Mars is (12. almost / considerably) half the size of Earth.
The four planets (13. farthest / closest) away from the sun are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
They are very (14. hot / cold) and (15. green / icy) places. Jupiter has the (16. least / most) number of known
moons. Jupiter’s four (17. largest / smallest) moons were observed in 1610 by an Italian astronomer called
Galileo Galilei. Saturn has the (18. least / most) spectacular ring system of all the planets. There are 7 rings
made up of dust, rocks and ice. (19. Most / More) than 40 spacecraft have explored Saturn, but only one has
visited Uranus and Neptune. Neptune is the (20. farthest / closest) from the sun and makes a complete
orbit around the sun in about 165 Earth years.

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 4 The World
4 Theof TV
World of TV
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

12 12
www.ien.edu.sa

Project
1. When certain kinds of films such as documentaries are being planned/designed, a storyboard is
created. A storyboard includes representative scenes with notes/comments. See the example below.
2. Think about the most important events and times of a famous figure’s life that you can present in a
documentary and make notes in the chart.

AGE AGE
Important events
Important
and times
events and times

0 – 10

11 - 15

16 - 20

Over 20

3. Use the storyboard framework below. Write the script/commentary of the documentary
under Comments and what will be happening in the scene under Action.
4. Use a large sheet of paper or cardboard to create a realistic storyboard. Draw and/or use
photos or parts of photos and drawings for the scenes. Transfer your script and action notes
onto the storyboard. You can write your notes by hand or word process them. Use a font that
is easy to read. Present your storyboard in class.

a Famous Figure’s Life

Student’s name: Production: Documentary: Events in
Panel Footage
Panel Footage
Panel Footage

[Picture]
[Picture]
[Picture]

Comments
Comments
Comments

Action
Action
Action

page 1 of…

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 13 Self Reflection
Things that I liked about Unit 4: Things that I didn’t like very much:

Things that I found easy in Unit 4: Things that I found difficult in Unit 4:

I can do this I can do this I need to study/

Unit 4 Checklist very well. quite well. practice more.

talk about TV films and documentaries

identify genres of TV films

agree and disagree with opinions

use both… and, not only… but also, either… or, neither…
nor
use independent clauses with and, but, or, so, and
yet
use comparative and superlative forms of adjectives

talk more about space and the planets

If you’re still not sure about something

My five favorite new words from Unit 4: from Unit 4:

• read through the unit again

• listen to the audio material
• study the grammar and functions
from the unit again
• ask your teacher for help

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5 Do5YouDoReally
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

You Really
NeedNeed
It? It? www.ien.edu.sa

1 1 Listen and Discuss

1. Do you think you are influenced by advertisements? Explain.
2. Describe an advertisement that you think is memorable or effective.

The BM
TheX–
BM
30X–
00 30
Sp00 SpCa
orts orts
r Car
Introducing the new BMX–3000. Set yourself apart from
the crowd with a car as modern
and sophisticated as you are. The
BMX–3000 has everything you ever
dreamed of — speed, beauty, power,
and performance. But be prepared for
the attention: Wherever you go, people
will watch and admire you and your
BMX–3000. Wake up and get into the
car of your dreams. Drive a BMX–3000,
because you only live once.

S S E N C E S H A M P O O
F LO R A L E Shampoo.
w ith Floral Essence
du ll, lifeles s ha ir
Put an end to ur
e co nt ai ns 28 vita m ins and minerals, so yo
Floral Essenc ow th at Floral Essence’s
alth . St ud ie s sh
hair will shine with he ir tw ice as strong, while
m ak es yo ur ha
exclusive new formula ful eff ects of wind and sun.
ai ns t th e ha rm
protecting your hair ag ir.
se nc e Sham po o fo r strong and healthy ha
Use Floral Es
D Y D
N YE N
X E X
L A U N D R Y L DA EU TN EDRRGYE ND TE T E R G E N T
Trying to get rid of tough
Trying laundry
to get ridstains
of tough
can laundry stains can
be frustrating. Luckily,
be frustrating.
there’s Dynex Luckily,
Laundry
there’s Dynex Laundry
Detergent. Dynex has Detergent.
33 percent Dynex
more has 33 percent more
cleaning power than cleaning
the nextpower
leading
thanbrand.
the next leading brand.
If Dynex won’t work, If Dynex
nothingwon’t
will! work,
Yet, while
nothing will! Yet, while
Dynex is powerful enough
Dynex istopowerful
get out the
enough
worstto get out the worst
stains, it is gentle enough
stains, ittoisuse
gentle
withenough
all to use with all
your clothes. Give ityour
a tryclothes.
and seeGive
the itDynex
a try and see the Dynex
difference for yourself.
difference
Unlessfor your
yourself.
clothesUnless your clothes
look their best, youlook
won’t their
feelbest,
youryou
best.
won’t feel your best.

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 Crystal Spring Water
ar choice.
Crystal Spring: It’s the cle with 100 percent all-
Water, you refresh your body
When you drink Crystal Spring in your water, you’ll
wa ter. Unless you like lots of artificial additives
nat ural spring straight from a
e, clean refres hm ent of Crystal Spring Water. Collected
love the pur Crystal Spring is
ain spring , wit h not hin g added and nothing changed,
Swiss mo unt ted to taking
y nature intende d it. And at Crystal Spring, we are commit
water the wa t recyclable and use 50
plastic bottles are 100 percen
care of the environment. Our good for your body and
stal Spring Water because it’s
percent less plastic. Drink Cry
good for the environment.

PLANET MERCURY SNEA

KERS
Until you put your feet in
Planet Mercury sneakers,
you won’t know what the
y are capable of. With
Planet Mercury’s revolutio
nary new patented
sneaker technology, you
can run faster, jump highe
and perform better. Why r,
settle for less when you
have the best? Take it fro can
m NBA star Derek Larkin
who says, “I wouldn’t we ,
ar anything else on the
court.” Join the Planet Me
rcury generation. Don’t let
everyone else have all the
fun.

Quick Check e
Q
A. Vocabulary. Match each word with its definition.
1. ______ admire a. meant or planned
2. ______ brand b. causing big change
3. ______ exclusive c. combination of ingredients
4. ______ formula d. respect
5. ______ intended e. having high-class tastes
6. ______ revolutionary f. belonging only to one (company)
7. ______ sophisticated g. the name that identifies a product or manufacturer
B. Comprehension. Answer the questions about the advertisements.
1. Which advertisement appeals to the reader’s desire to be special?
2. Which advertisement appeals to the reader’s desire to do what other people are doing?
3. Which advertisements use statistics to sell their products?
4. Which advertisements use famous people to sell their products?
5. Which advertisements do you think are most effective? Why?

2 Pair Work
Work with a partner to choose a product. Create an advertisement for the product
and share it with the class.

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 5 Do You5Really
Do You
Need
Really
It? Need It?
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

3 3
www.ien.edu.sa

Grammar
Adverb Clauses
An adverb clause is a dependent clause. It begins with an adverb and is always linked to an independent clause.
Because the shoes were on sale, I bought two pairs.
(adverb clause) (independent clause)
Don’t buy that dress unless you really need it.
(independent clause) (adverb clause)
Note: When an adverb clause begins the sentence, use a comma to separate it from the independent clause. When
the adverb clause is at the end, do not use a comma.
Because, because of, since, and now that begin adverb clauses that give information about reasons.
They closed the store early since there were no customers.
Because of must be followed by a noun (or noun phrase).
They went to the mall because of the sale.
(In order) to and so (that) begin adverb clauses that give information about purpose.
(In order) to must be followed with the base form of the verb.
Advertisements use many techniques in order to convince people to buy products.
Clauses with so (that) usually include a modal.
I left my wallet at home so that I wouldn’t be tempted to buy anything.
If, even if, in case, only if, and unless begin adverb clauses that give information about conditions.
I’ll write down my phone number in case you need it.
Use if to show that the condition affects the result. Use even if to show that it does not. Use the present tense with
an ifif-clause, even if it refers to a future time.
We won’t go to the picnic if it rains.
We’re going to the picnic, even if it rains.
Where, wherever, and everywhere begin adverb clauses that give information about place.
He buys something wherever he goes.
The advertisements were placed everywhere you could imagine.

A. A. Match the main clauses and adverb clauses to form sentences. Use correct punctuation.
They patented their new formula so that no one else could use it.
1. They patented their new formula c a. I feel so much more energetic
2. She can’t use that brand of make-up b. only if I finish my paper tonight
3. Even if you are in perfect health c. so that no one else could use it
4. I shop d. because she’s allergic to it
5. I’ll come to the picnic tomorrow e. where I can get the best prices
6. Since I started exercising f. you should have an annual checkup

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 B. Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box. In some cases, more than one
answer is possible.

because of in order to since unless

even if now that so that wherever

I’ll give you a call while we’re hiking unless I can’t get a signal on my cell phone.
1. ______________________ it rains tomorrow, the parade will still happen.
2. It is important to wear your seatbelt ______________________ you don’t get hurt in an accident.
3. People vote ______________________ have an impact on their government.
4. The football game had to be canceled ______________________ the heat.
5. ______________________ he goes, his little brother follows him.
6. ______________________ he’s working in a prestigious law firm, he wears sophisticated clothes.

C. Combine each pair of sentences using the appropriate word or phrase in parentheses.
I’ll buy an electronic book reader. I won’t buy it if it’s too expensive. (because / unless)
I’ll buy an electronic book reader unless it’s too expensive.
1. We’re going to use a map. We have no idea how to get there. (since / so that)
2. A new leader has been elected. Things are starting to change. (unless / now that)
3. You get the flu shot. You can still get the flu. (even if / in order to)
4. She takes her electronic dictionary with her. She takes it to each place she goes. (unless / wherever)
5. You want to go to a top university. You must have excellent grades. (because of / if)
6. I’d be happy to keep you company. You might want to be alone. (unless / if)
7. The game was canceled. The rain was the reason. (only if / because of)
8. Keep in touch. I want to know how you are doing. (so that / even if)

D. Complete the sentences with your own ideas.

1. …now that I have more time. 4. …in case you need help.
2. Global warming will continue unless… 5. Wherever you go these days,…
3. If I found my best friend’s journal,… 6. Unless you have a passport,…

E. Look at the TV commercial for toothpaste. Imagine

what the man is saying. Write a script for the
commercial, using some of the words from the box.

If you want sparkling, white teeth, try

Sparkle Bright toothpaste.

because in case so that

because of in order to unless
even if now that where
everywhere only if wherever
if since

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 5 Do You5Really
Do You
Need
Really
It? Need It?
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

4 4 Conversation
www.ien.edu.sa

Farah: Wow. Look at all those bags! I wouldn’t buy any

more if I were you. I think you’re going to regret
spending so much money today. You bought four
sweaters, three dresses, and two pairs of shoes.
Amal: Actually, I bought three pairs of shoes. But don’t
worry. I’m not buying another thing. I don’t think I
could carry anything else. And anyway, after all this shopping,
brokeI’m officially broke.
Farah: Let’s go so that you’re not tempted to buy anything else. Hey, where are you going?
Amal: Look at this gorgeous sweater!
Farah: Amal! Didn’t you just say you weren’t going to buy another thing?
Amal: Yeah, but now I’m not so sure. I hardly have any red sweaters, and this one is adorable.
Farah: I thought you were broke. I would just walk away from it if I were you.
Amal: Well, I do have my credit card.
blowit before you blow more
Farah: I don’t think using your credit card is a good idea. Think carefully about
money on more clothes.
Amal: maxI’dout
You’re right. better not max out my credit card. OK. I’m going to show some self-control. If I stay
beat
here another minute or two, I’ll break down and buy it. So itquick—let’s beat it.

About the Conversation

About the Conversation Real Talk Real Talk
1. Where are Farah and Amal? How do you know? broke broke = out of money
2. What is Farah trying to convince Amal not to do? Why? blow blow = waste money
max out
3. What does Amal change her mind about in the conversation? max out = spend up to the limit
beat it beat it = leave quickly

Your Turn Your Turn Advising Against

Advising
Something
Against Something
Role-play with a partner. Imagine that you are Are you sure you Are
wantyou
to do
sure
that?
you want to do that?
about to do something that is enjoyable, but I don’t think that’sI adon’t
goodthink
idea.that’s a good idea.
probably isn’t a good idea, such as spending aI wouldn’t do thatIifwouldn’t
I were you.
do that if I were you.
lot of money on clothes, taking a nap when youI’m afraid you’re going
I’m afraid
to regret
you’reit ifgoing
you…to regret it if you…
should be studying, or eating a second helpingYou should think carefully
You should before
thinkyou…carefully before you…
of dessert. Your partner will try to convince
you not to do it, using the phrases for advising
against something.

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 5 Listening
Listen to the lecture about
advertising techniques.
Then identify the kind of
technique each product uses.

Advertising Technique
1. Sparkle Bright toothpaste What’s good about it?
2. Dew Top cola
3. Indigo jeans
4. Caremark cards
5. Safe Home alarm systems

6 Pronunciation

first sound in the word tug. Before vowels, to is generally pronounced /tuː/ like the word two. Listen
The word to has different pronunciations. Before consonants, to is generally pronounced /tu/, like the

and practice.
1. Good morning and welcome to Advertising 101.
2. You are here today because you want to learn the secrets behind how advertisers sell
to consumers.
3. Because viewers admire and want to be like the person, they may want to use the product.
4. The advertiser tries to get the viewer to respond to the commercial with some kind of
strong emotion.
5. The advertiser wants the consumer to associate the product with the emotion.

7 Vocabulary Building
A. You will see the following words in the reading on pages 74 and 75. Match the words with
their meanings.
1. ______ consumer a. shockingly strange or unexpected
2. ______ exposed b. design symbol of a business or product
3. ______ logo c. without planning
4. ______ outlandish d. different from what is typically expected
5. ______ spontaneously e. a person who buys things or services
6. ______ unconventional f. left unprotected

B. Check your answers with a partner. If you do not understand the meaning of a word, look it up in
a dictionary.

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 5 Do You5Really
Do You
Need
Really
It? Need It?
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

8 8 Reading
www.ien.edu.sa

Before Reading
Before Reading
Make a list of all the places you see ads in your everyday life. How
many ads do you think you are exposed to in an average day?

ADS EVERYWHERE:
Do You
Do “Buy”
You “Buy”
It? It?
For most people, it is virtually impossible to go
through the day without seeing advertisements. From
the time we wake up and flip on the TV or check our
email, we are surrounded by advertisements. They are
in magazines, on buses, on billboards, online, and on
buildings, to name just a few of the places we see them throughout the day. According to a recent
study, the average person is exposed to between 400 and 600 advertisements each day. This means
that by the time we are 60, we will have been exposed to 40 to 50 million advertisements!
In the past, advertisements were usually designed to reach people in their homes through traditional
approaches, like TV commercials and newspaper and magazine ads. However, people’s viewing
habits have changed dramatically in the last couple of decades. These days, people are less likely to
give one form of media their full attention. For example, even if someone is watching TV, they are
also often using the Internet at the same time. Advertisers need the consumer’s attention in order to
promote their products. But because getting this attention is harder than it used to be, advertisers
have been forced to find new ways of reaching the consumer.
One unconventional place advertisements are popping up is in doctors’ offices. In some doctors’
offices, pharmaceutical companies advertise products on everything from boxes of tissues to the
paper covering the exam table. Doctors get free products, and the advertisers get the consumers’,
attention. Similarly, advertisements are becoming more common in schools. “Free” products such as
book covers and educational posters are offered by companies so that the company can advertise
on these materials. In the U.S., a company called Channel One broadcasts a ten-minute news
program followed by two minutes of commercials each day in 350,000 schools. Because the schools
show these news programs, the companies give them thousands of dollars worth of much needed
audiovisual equipment.
Advertisers have found that one of the best ways to get consumer attention is to place ads in unusual
places. So, ads are popping up in all kinds of unexpected places like pizza boxes, grocery carts, air
sickness bags on airplanes, and even on pieces of food like bananas and apples. A television
network recently imprinted its logo on 35 million eggs. They called the approach “egg-vertisements.”
One of the strangest developments in advertising has been people selling advertising space on
themselves! This mini-trend began in 2005 when a man offered his face for advertising to the
highest bidder on eBay. A pharmaceutical company won the spot, paying the man $37,375 to place a
temporary sticker on his forehead to advertise one of their products. He may have been the first to
offer such an unusual exchange, but he was not the last.

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 Perhaps the sneakiest form of advertising is called
buzz marketing. This involves a company hiring
people to create excitement about a product. In
exchange for free products or money, these people
pretend to talk about the product spontaneously in
everyday settings to people they meet in their daily
lives. Sometimes professional actors are even hired
to pose as users of the product. If the technique is done correctly, the consumers do not even
know that they were the target of buzz marketing. Lately, buzz marketing has been spreading to
chat rooms, Internet forums, and blogs.
Wherever we go, advertisements seem to follow. Unless you’re reading this article on a desert
island, there’s probably an advertisement close by. And there seems to be no limit to the
lengths advertisers will go to in order to catch our attention. In the years ahead, we can expect
advertisers to come up with even more creative, surprising, and
outlandish forms of advertising in their ongoing efforts to grab our
attention—and our wallets!

After Reading
1. How many advertisements is the average person exposed to each day?
2. What are traditional advertising approaches?
3. What does the author of the article consider to be one of the strangest
developments in advertising?
4. What does the author consider to be the sneakiest form of advertising?

9 Speaking
1. Work in pairs/groups. Think about advertising that is used to address adults, teenagers, and young
children in your country. Decide on 2-3 products and/or services for each age group. Which
advertisements are more memorable, in your view?
2. Talk about the slogans, images, and methods/techniques used in these advertisements and make notes
in the chart. Then use your notes to discuss your ideas in class.

Target group Product/service 1 Product/service 2 Method/technique

Adults

Teenagers

Young children

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 5 Do You5Really
Do You
Need
Really
It? Need It?
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

10 10
www.ien.edu.sa

Writing
A. A. 1. Do you enjoy writing by hand? Why? Why not?
2. Do you think handwriting is a useful skill? Why? Why not?
3. Read the text and find out.
• What does handwriting involve?
• Why are some people not keen on writing by hand?
• What can specialists find out about someone through his or her handwriting?
• Why is word-processing popular?
• Which types of tests are mentioned? What is the difference between them?
• What is the writer’s viewpoint on the issue? Do you agree or disagree? Why?

Is handwriting obsolete?
Handwriting involves forming letters with a writing and search for words or
implement. Proper handwriting, i.e. cursive writing, alternative expressions.
normally requires formal training that is still in place in Compared to all these
some schools. Naturally, at initial literacy levels young advantages, handwriting
learners are trained to manipulate a writing implement seems so restricting
and develop their eye-hand coordination so they can and restricted that most
form letters. computer literate people limit it to scribbling notes for
As learners get older, however, they are more someone or filling in forms that are not available in
reluctant to write. One of the reasons mentioned electronic form.
is the fact that most people word-process, making Tests, you might argue, require handwriting. Some
handwriting unnecessary. Even older adults that used do and some are computer-based; it is true, however,
to have a distinct handwriting style often claim to that a substantial number of pen and paper tests
have lost the ability to write smoothly and evenly. So require writing by hand within a set time limit. “Rusty”
is handwriting obsolete? Should we forget about it? handwriting is likely to affect the final score.
Handwriting has been a very distinct identifying Overall, there seems to be some resistance to the
feature. It represents the writer in more ways than total and unbroken hegemony of the computer,
one. Graphologists analyze handwriting to determine indicating that people do not want to become totally
character traits, gender, personality, and emotional reliant on it. They are keen to hang on to some of
state or to authenticate documents. Allowing it to truly the more tangible aspects of literate life that can
become obsolete would remove an identity marker be manipulated and accessed without the help of a
that has been regarded quite highly in historical and device, such as reading books or writing by hand.
personal terms. Handwritten notes of prominent In view of the above, we would have to consider a
authors are coveted by collectors, who will often pay more inclusive standpoint that allows us to exploit
exorbitant amounts to possess them. technological advances, while maintaining the
On the other hand, most of us will invariably use a ability to write with a simple implement on a surface
computer when we write. It is fast and efficient, and it for someone to read. Being able to record ideas,
makes editing so much easier. You can delete, copy, information, and messages in a self-sufficient and
paste, store versions of your work throughout stages independent manner allows us to control the action
of editing for later reference; you can spell-check itself and continue being masters of our expression.

4. Read the text again and identify:

• thesis statements • supporting statements
5. What are some of the differences between this text and an expository essay?

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 B. 1. Decide whether or not you support advertising in schools.
2. Think about reasons why advertising in schools is a good or bad idea. Use an organizer to write
down your ideas.
3. Write a letter to your local newspaper about this topic, trying to convince the reader that your view is correct.

Advertising
in schools
IS/IS NOT
a good idea.

Dear Editor,
s ar tic le ab ou t the rig hts and wrongs of advertising in
In response to last week’ my op ini on on why I think it is a positive
thing.
g to giv e yo u
schools, I am writin
portunity to
ad ver ts in an d arou nd the school gives teachers the op
First of all, having ing ....
ld of marketing and advertis
teach students about the fie

Moreover, ...

To sum up, ...

Writing Corner
When you write a letter to communicate your opinion and feelings on a controversial topic:
• start with an appropriate greeting: Dear Editor, Dear Sir or Madam, Dear Mr. Jones.
• state clearly the reason why you are writing and give your general opinion on the topic.
• state your reasons for your opinion by giving reasons and/or examples.
• organize your reasons into clear paragraphs. Each paragraph should start with a sentence
which gives the main reason (topic sentence). The paragraph should then be developed in such
a way that you support the topic sentence with more details and examples.
• use connectors to list your main reasons: Moreover, …; In addition, …; Additionally, …; What’s
more, …; Last but not least, … and so on.
• to express your opinion, uses phrases such as: In my opinion, …; From my point of view, …; As
far as I’m concerned, …; I strongly believe that, …
• ask yourself what objections your readers might have to your ideas and use phrases to express
a general opinion such as: Most people think that …; Everyone knows that …; Most people
support/oppose the idea…
• select features and benefits that you can present to overcome these objections.
• do not forget to write a conclusion carefully, going back to your initial thesis statement and
summarizing your facts/arguments. Use phrases such as: To sum up, …; In conclusion, …; To
conclude, … and so on.

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 5 Do You5Really
Do You
Need
Really
It? Need It?
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

11 11 Form, Meaning and Function www.ien.edu.sa

Conditional Sentences with Present and Future Forms

You can use conditional sentences with if to talk about causes and results.
Present Facts Present Facts
Use the simple present tense in both clauses.
Our bottles are recyclable. If you drink Crystal Spring water, not only do you feel more energetic
but you help the environment.
Future Facts Future Facts
Use the simple present in the ifif-clause and the future with be going to or will in the result clause.
If you drive the BMX-3000, people will notice and admire you.
If you have dull and lifeless hair, Floral Essence shampoo will make it healthy and shiny.
You won’t feel your best, if your clothes don’t look their best.
May/Might May/Might
Use may/might in the result clause to suggest something is possible, but not certain.
If you haven’t yet worn Planet Mercury sneakers, you may not be performing to your best ability. Put your
feet in them today to see what you can do!

I’d Rather/I’d Prefer

Use I’d rather (= I would rather
rather) to talk about preferences.
A: Would you prefer to go shopping or stay home?
B: I’d rather go shopping.
A: I’d prefer to stay home. I don’t want to spend all my money.

A. A. Complete the sentences about facts. Use the simple present or will in the second clause.
1. If you ________ (heat) water to 100°C, it ________ (boil).
2. If they ________ (climb) up to 4,000 meters, they ________ (need) oxygen.
3. Unless you ________ (stop) spending, you ________ (be) completely broke before
the end of the month.

B. B. Work with a partner. Say what happens, will happen, or might happen in the following
situations.

1. If children see a lot of toy commercials on TV, .

2. If there is a sale at my favorite store, .
3. If I leave my wallet or cell phone at home, .
4. If you get top marks at school, .
5. If I see an advertisement on TV, .
6. Your idea: .

C. C. Work with a partner. Ask and answer. Would you rather buy clothes online or at the mall? Why?

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 Words Connected with Shopping Habits
Some words connected with different ways of shopping are:

Shopping Mall Small Stores Online Shopping

wide range of products friendly service convenient
discounts neighborhood door-to-door delivery
food courts helpful staff fast
entertainment appealing atmosphere wide range of products
luxury convenient location pay by card
Small, neighborhood stores offer a friendly, personal service.
Luxurious shopping malls provide entertainment, food and good discounts on products.
Online shopping is becoming more and more popular as it’s convenient, fast and you can
pay by credit card.

Conditional Sentences with When and Unless

Use when in place of if to talk about general truths. Use the present tense in both clauses.
When you press the button, the washing machine turns off.
When water reaches 100 °C, it boils.
You can use the word unless in place of if in negative sentences.
Unless I study hard, I won’t get top marks.
Unless you exercise, you probably won’t lose weight.
Unless you study harder, you will fail the test.

D. Read the advertisements. Work with a partner and persuade him or

her to buy the product. Use sentences with when, if and unless
When you brush your teeth with Sparkle toothpaste, your teeth
will be cleaner and brighter. If you buy this toothpaste, your teeth
will look great. If you don’t buy this toothpaste, you might need to
visit the dentist. Unless you buy this toothpaste, your teeth will look
terrible.
E. Work with a partner. Talk about your preferences and give some
reasons. Use conditional sentences in the present or future.
I’d prefer to go the mall. If we go to the mall, we can also have
lunch in the restaurant.
1. local store/the mall
2. e-learning/classroom
3. get a job/go to college
4. buy a motorbike/buy a car
5. visit Dubai/Muscat

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 5 Do You5Really
Do You
Need
Really
It? Need It?
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

12 12
www.ien.edu.sa

Project
1. Work in pairs/groups. Think about the advertisements that
you see, watch, or hear every day. They can be billboards,
advertisements in magazines or newspapers, TV commercials,
radio advertisements, leaflets, stickers, etc.
2. Choose one that you think is beneficial and helpful to people.
3. Discuss and identify the product or service that is being advertised, the target group, the text/script or
slogan that is being used, the image, and the message that the advertisement is trying to get across.
Make notes in the chart.
4. Create a new advertisement for the product. Use a different medium. If for example, you have chosen
a magazine advertisement, you might want to develop a TV advertisement for the same product or
service. Use your notes to help you.
5. If you decide to create a TV advertisement, remember to make a storyboard. If, on the other hand, you
have decided to create a radio advertisement with people talking to each other, remember to write a
script. Finally, if you decide to design a magazine or billboard advertisement, make sure you prepare a
sample with photos, colors, special fonts, etc.
6. Role-play. Take on the roles of advertising teams and clients (company executives of the product or
service). Each advertising team has to present their new advertisement to the clients in a convincing
manner so they can persuade them to agree to it.

Product/service:
Product/service:
Existing advertisement
Existing advertisement
New advertisement
New advertisement
_________________
_________________
Billboard Radio Billboard Radio
The medium Magazine TV Magazine TV
Newspaper Other: _______ Newspaper Other: _______

The target group

The text/script or slogan

The image/design

The message

Special features/details

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 13 Self Reflection
Things that I liked about Unit 5: Things that I didn’t like very much:

Things that I found easy in Unit 5: Things that I found difficult in Unit 5:

I can do this I can do this I need to study/

Unit 5 Checklist very well. quite well. practice more.

evaluate and discuss the influence of advertising

create an advertisement for a product

advise someone against something

use adverb clauses

use conditional sentences with present and future
forms
use may and might to speculate about the the future

talk about preferences using: I'd rather and I'd prefer

talk about shopping habits

use conditional sentences with when and unless

If you’re still not sure about something

My five favorite new words from Unit 5: from Unit 5:

• read through the unit again

• listen to the audio material
• study the grammar and functions
from the unit again
• ask your teacher for help

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6 The6Gender
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

The Gender
DivideDivide www.ien.edu.sa

1 1 Listen and Discuss

1. In what ways do you think men and women behave differently?
2. In what ways do you think their behavior is similar?
3. Do you think there are more similarities or differences?

Do you thinkDo
youyou
know
think
a lot
youabout
knowmena lotand
about
women?
men and women?
Answer TrueAnswer
or FalseTrue
for these
or False
statements.
for these statements.
Then check Then
your answers
check your
withanswers
the results
withofthe
gender
results
studies.
of gender studies.
1. Women talk more than men. True False
2. Women tend to worry more than men. True False
3. Men are more truthful than women. True False
4. Men are more easily bored than women. True False
5. Women have a greater tolerance for pain. True False
6. Women live longer than men. True False

Sandy: I think women talk much more than men.

Amal: That’s just a stereotype. Though I do think women talk more
than men about certain things.
Sandy: Like what?
Amal: Women like to talk about their feelings, but men usually don’t.
Sandy: Men’d rather talk about sports. Or cars.
Amal: Typical!

1. The common stereotype that women talk more than men is wrong. In fact, recent research shows
that there is very little gender difference in how much people speak. Some research suggests that
men tend to speak more than women in formal settings, and that women speak more in informal
situations. One study revealed that women speak an average of about 16,000 words a day, and men
do too.
2. Studies show that women worry more frequently than men. This may be due to the fact that women’s
brains produce less of a brain chemical called COMT, which controls anxiety. Having less of this
chemical can make it harder for a person to stop worrying.
3. Women lie frequently, and men do too. However, research shows that women and men tend to lie
about different things. Women are more likely to lie in order to try to not hurt a person’s feelings. They
are also more likely to lie to try to avoid a conflict. However, you are more likely to be told a lie by a
man for a different reason. Men more often lie in order to make themselves seem more impressive.
4. Studies show that men have more restless temperaments than women. For example, women seem
to have a capacity to adjust to repetitive tasks, but men don’t. They dislike being asked to do such
tasks and are less likely to successfully complete them. It is speculated that women do better in these
situations because they have a greater ability to keep their thoughts and imagination active, even
during tedious activities.

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 5. Many people assume that since women have babies, and men don’t, women probably have a
greater ability to deal with pain. However, the research seems to indicate that, due to their body
chemistry, women actually have lower tolerance for pain. During recovery after surgery, women
tend to experience pain with greater frequency and intensity than men do.
6. Women outlive men all around the world, sometimes by an average of as much as 10 years. For
example, in the U.S., the average life expectancy is about 79 for women, but only 72 for men.
The gap is largest among people who live to be 100 or older. Worldwide among people 100 or
older, women outnumber men 9 to 1.
Answers:
1. False; 2. True; 3. False; 4. True; 5. False; 6. True

Quick Check e
Q
A. Vocabulary. Complete each sentence with a word from the box.
anxiety gender repetitive stereotype temperament
capacity intensity restless tedious
1. The __________ that blond-haired people are not smart is ridiculous.
2. We were bored and __________, so we decided to find something to do.
3. That film is very __________. It shows the same place over and over.
4. I always feel overwhelming __________ the night before a test.
5. The __________ of the thunderstorm made the animals nervous.
6. Some people believe that animals have the __________ to feel the same
emotions that humans do.
7. Luisa has a lovely __________. She’s always happy and smiling.
8. Finding sources for an essay can be a time-consuming and __________ task.
9. The __________ of an animal often has a specific name; for example, a male horse
is a stallion and a female horse is a mare.
B. Comprehension. Answer the questions.
1. In what types of settings do women tend to speak more?
2. What causes women to worry more than men?
3. What things do women tend to lie about? What things do men tend to lie about?
4. What might explain women’s ability to deal with repetitive tasks better than men?
5. Which gender has the longer life expectancy? Give an example.

2 Pair Work
Work with a partner to think of another common stereotype about people. Decide whether you
think the stereotype is true or false. After class, do research to confirm whether your decision
was correct.

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 6 The Gender
6 TheDivide
Gender Divide
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

3 3
www.ien.edu.sa

Grammar
Verbs + Infinitives or Gerunds with Different Meanings
Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive, but the verb + gerund and the verb + infinitive
have different meanings. These verbs are remember, forget, regret, stop, and try.
He always remembers to send his grandparents a gift on special holidays. (remember + infinitive = remember
to do a task)
He remembers sending gifts last year. (remember + gerund = remember having done something
in the past)
She sometimes forgets to call. (forget + infinitive = not remember to do a task)
She sometimes forgets calling. (forget + gerund = not remember having done something in the past)
I regret to tell you that I have a secret. (regret + infinitive = wish it were not necessary to do something)
I regret telling you my secret. (regret + gerund = wish it were possible to undo something done in the past)
We stopped to watch the sunset. (stop + infinitive = stop doing something in order to do something else)
We stopped watching the sunset. (stop + gerund = stop doing something)
I tried to reach them, but they didn’t answer the phone. (try
try + infinitive = make an attempt to do something)
I tried reaching them by email. (try
try + gerund = try a specific method to reach a goal)

Passive Forms of Infinitives and Gerunds

The passive form of an infinitive is: to + be + past participle.
Everybody wants to be respected by somebody.
The passive form of a gerund is being + past participle.
Being asked to settle an argument can be awkward.

Auxiliary Verbs after But and And

When an addition is made to a statement with but or and, often the main verb is not repeated. Instead, it is
replaced with an auxiliary verb.
but + subject + auxiliary
My sister isn’t good at remembering special occasions, but my mother is.
John doesn’t get frustrated easily, but Sam does.
and + subject + auxiliary + too (for positive sentences) or either (for negative sentences)
He enjoys outdoor activities, and his son does too.
We don’t like going for walks in this heat, and he doesn’t either.

A. A. Circle the correct form in each sentence.

1. Did you remember (to shut / shutting) the window before it started raining?
2. He stopped (to play / playing) football after he hurt his knee.
3. If you haven’t been able to get an answer from the boss on the phone, maybe you should try
(to send / sending) him an email.
4. He’ll never forget (to score / scoring) that goal in the last minutes of the game.
5. Don’t forget (to email / emailing) me the photos.
6. We regret (to inform / informing) you that your application has been declined.

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 B. Answer the questions about yourself.

What is something you once did that you have stopped doing?
I have stopped biting my nails when I’m nervous.
1. What is something you remember doing often when you were a child?
2. What is something you forgot to do recently?
3. What is something you tried to do, but were not able to do?
4. What is something you will never forget doing?
5. What is something you try to remember to do each day?
6. What is something you regret doing?

C. Rewrite each sentence as a passive sentence.

The job candidate didn’t expect the human resource manager to criticize him so harshly.
The job candidate didn’t expect to be criticized so harshly.
1. You need to take out the trash.
2. He expects the manager to promote him soon.
3. I remember my father reading to me when I was a child.
4. He waited for his boss to invite him to sit down.
5. The mechanic needs to repair the car.
6. Many celebrities enjoy having photographers take their picture.

D. Complete each sentence with names of classmates and the appropriate auxiliary verb. When
appropriate, use too or either after the auxiliary verb.

Don often volunteers in class, and Alex does too.

1. __________ lives close to school, but .
2. __________ was in school yesterday, and ________________________________________ .
3. __________ is wearing blue today, but __________________________________________ .
4. __________ never comes to class late, and _______________________________________ .

E. Read about Abdullah and Faris. Then describe the similarities and
differences between Abdullah and Faris, using auxiliary verbs after but or and.

Faris plays football, and Abdullah does too.

FARIS
Likes: comedy shows, Indian food, football, relaxing on the beach
Dislikes: coffee, video games, waking up early, hiking
ABDULLAH
Likes: game shows, Indian food, football, waking up early, hiking, video games
Dislikes: coffee, the beach, comedy shows

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 6 The Gender Divide
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

4 Conversation
www.ien.edu.sa

Fahd: I don’t know why Google Maps can’t find Lakeside Drive.
I think we’d better stop and ask directions.
Faisal: Don’t worry. I’m sure I can find it. Let’s try going this way.
Fahd: I think we’re lost. Look. There’s a gas station. Let’s
pull over and ask someone.
Faisal: Oh, all right.
Attendant: You look lost.
Fahd: You can say that again. We’re looking for Lakeside Drive.
Attendant: I know this town like the back of my hand, and I can tell you that there’s no street by that
name. Do you mean Riverside Drive?
Faisal: Oh, yeah! That must be it. I just got the street name wrong.
Fahd: Can you tell us how to get there?
Attendant: It’s not far. It’s just over on the other side of town. You need to turn left out of here. Then
go straight for a couple of miles. Keep going until you see an ice-cream shop. If you pass
Town Hall, you’ve gone too far. Take the first left after the ice-cream shop and you’ll be on
Riverside Drive.
Faisal & Fahd: Thanks!
Fahd: I guess it’s a good thing I suggested we stop for directions. We would have been driving in
circles for ages.
Faisal: Don’t make a big deal about it. I’m sure I would have figured it out eventually.

Real Talk About the Conversation

You can say that again. = I agree with you completely. 1. How do Faisal and Fahd react
know (something) like the back of my hand = know something very well
differently to being lost?
over = used to emphasize location 2. Why couldn’t they find the street they
for ages = for a very long time were looking for?
make a big deal about = make something small seem very important 3. How does each of them feel about
having stopped to get directions?
Your Turn
Role-play with a partner. Ask your partner how to get to his or her
home (or some other destination) from school. Your partner will give
you directions. Use phrases from the box.

Asking for Directions Giving Directions

Am I headed in the right direction? Go straight on…until you get to a…
Can you tell me how to get to…? If you see a…you’ve gone too far.
I’m looking for… Keep going until you come to a (crosswalk/set of traffic lights).
Take a left/right after the (first, second, etc.) set of traffic lights.
When you get to…you’ll see a…

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 5 Listening
Listen to the morning news show discussion about the different
strategies used by new and experienced drivers. Then answer
true or false. If the sentence is false, rewrite it with the correct
information.

1. ______ Kevin Shields is the host of the show.

2. ______ The book they are discussing was written a long time ago.
3. ______ New and experienced drivers use different driving strategies.
4. ______ Experienced drivers seem to be better able to deal with
difficult situations.
5. ______ Older drivers’ reflexes are as fast as younger drivers’.
6. ______ New drivers tend to get more stressed and frightened when dealing with a dangerous situation.
7. ______ Experienced drivers normally have lower insurance premiums than new drivers.

6 Pronunciation
Tag questions are short questions added to the ends of sentences. If the tag question uses rising intonation,
the speaker isn’t sure of the statement and is looking for information. If the tag question
uses falling intonation, the speaker is sure of the statement and is expecting confirmation.
Listen and repeat. Then check whether the sentence has rising or falling intonation.
Rising Falling
Intonation Intonation
1. So this means that experienced drivers have better reflexes, doesn’t it?
2. So then it seems neither group has a total advantage in such cases, do they?
3. That’s true, isn’t it?
4. That’s a bit unfair for new drivers, isn’t it?
5. So each group is the better driver in their own way, aren’t they?

7 Vocabulary Building
A. You will see these words in the reading on pages 88 and 89. Match the words with their meanings.
1. ______ content a. of or relating to women or girls
2. ______ convey b. observe an incident
3. ______ feminine c. emotionally close
4. ______ intimate d. subject matter
5. ______ literal e. communicate by statement or suggestion
6. ______ masculine f. category or type of living thing
7. ______ species g. concerned with facts only
8. ______ witness h. of or relating to men or boys

B. Check your answers with a partner. If you do not understand the meaning of a word, look it up in
a dictionary.

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 6 The Gender Divide
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

8 Reading
www.ien.edu.sa

Before Reading
In what ways do you think men and women communicate differently?

Do Men and Women Speak the Same Language?

The difference in the ways that men and women communicate has been the subject of countless books, magazine
articles, talk show discussions, and jokes. These differences can sometimes make men and women seem mysterious to
each other, and can occasionally make communication difficult and confusing. People often jokingly say that men and
women are from different planets or that they are different species. But just what are these communication differences
and what is their cause?
One basic reason men and women have such different ways of communicating is that they see the purpose of
communication differently. Research shows that women use communication as a way of growing closer to people and
establishing intimate relationships. Women tend to use language to share thoughts and feelings, and to be supportive.
Meanwhile, men tend to see the goal of communication as accomplishing a task. Men most often use language to
persuade, argue, convey facts, and demonstrate knowledge.
Although men do not tend to use communication to achieve closeness, they have their own way of
bonding. In one study, 75 percent of the men surveyed said that their most meaningful experiences
with friends came not through talking, but through shared activities. In a related study, researchers
found that fathers tend to show affection to sons by helping them with tasks and challenges. Javier
Morales’s experiences certainly support this idea. Says Morales, “My dad and I are really close, but
I wouldn’t say we talk very much. We spend a lot of time together doing things. We spent all of last
Saturday repairing my car, and this week we’re going hiking together. My dad and I have a deep
bond. Just because we’re not talking doesn’t mean we’re not sharing important time together.”
The content of what males and females talk about tends to be different as well. Researcher Deborah
Tannen has found that while feminine talk tends to focus on feelings, relationships, and people,
masculine talk tends to focus on sports, the economy, and facts.
Women talk to explore problems, but men do not. Instead, men talk to fix problems. This can
sometimes cause problems in communication. Janet West, a freshman in college, remembers
encountering this issue recently. “I told my brother Derek about a problem I was having with my
studies. He immediately came up with possible solutions to the problem. Being told how to fix the
problem was kind of frustrating because it wasn’t what I was looking for. I asked him to stop trying to
fix the problem and try talking with me about it instead. He seemed completely confused and said,
‘Why bother talking about a problem unless you’re trying to find a solution to it?’”
Another way in which men and women differ is in the way they listen. Research has shown that men tend to place all
of their attention on one thing at a time, but women do not. Instead, women commonly divide their attention between a
number of things at once and make connections between these different things. Since this comes so easily to women,
they are sometimes frustrated when men struggle to do this. For example, a common complaint among women is that
when a man is watching television, he often doesn’t hear a question asked by the person sitting right beside him. Sakura
Kumi has witnessed this many times in her house. Sakura says, “My mother used to get so frustrated trying to get my
father’s attention while he was watching TV, and I did too. So she got into the habit of standing in front of the TV and
saying, ‘Hiroshi, I’m about to ask you a question.’ It’s become sort of a family joke.”
Research has shown that these communication differences can be partially explained by the different ways in which
the male and female brains are structured and wired. For example, the left side of the brain, where logic and literal
thinking are processed, tends to be stronger in men. Meanwhile, women tend to think with the right side, which is where
comprehension is processed. The female brain also has more connections between the right and left sides, so their
thought process is likely to be more complex.

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 Research has also shown that the different ways that boys and girls are raised has a significant
impact on how they communicate. Girls are raised to recognize and be sensitive to the feelings
of others. On the other hand, boys are taught to be more direct and goal-oriented. Being raised
in such different ways is bound to create two different styles of communication.
While the differences in the way men and women communicate can sometimes cause confusion,
these differences are also what help maintain a balance in communication. It ensures that
a variety of topics and viewpoints are explored, feelings are expressed, and problems are
discussed and solved. This balance is what makes communication so rich and interesting.

After Reading
Answer the questions.
1. What do women see as the purpose of communication? What about men?
2. How are men most likely to bond with others?
3. How does the content of men and women’s talk tend to differ?
4. How do men and women approach problems differently?
5. What causes men and women to communicate differently?

9 Speaking
1. Work in pairs/groups. Use the questionnaire to ask each other about the way you communicate with
people. If you like, add your own questions.
2. Compare answers with your classmates. Discuss individual preferences and your reasons.
3. Find people in class that communicate in a way that is similar to the way you communicate.
Do you talk about your problems?

Do you share your feelings with others?

Do you spend time with family/friends without talking?

Do you talk while you are doing something, e.g. fixing something, playing a game, etc.?

Which of these topics do you enjoy talking about? (circle)

people you know   people you don’t know   sports   TV   video games   books

clothes and accessories   travel   holidays   food   art   cars   buildings   news

assignments   activities   shopping   gadgets   computers   other: _________

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 6 The Gender
6 TheDivide
Gender Divide
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

10 10
www.ien.edu.sa

Writing
A. A. 1. How do we communicate? Do we mostly communicate
through verbal or non-verbal language?
2. Try communicating these to your partner without speaking.
• Can I have your pen, please?
• Are you going to call me after school?
• I went shopping yesterday.
3. Now write two of your own messages on a piece of paper,
fold it, and set it aside or give it to your teacher. Use non-
verbal language to communicate your message. Check. How
successful were you?
4. “A picture is worth a thousand words.” Explain.
5. Read the text and find:
• the main thesis statement
• the supporting paragraphs
• the arguments used

VerbalVerbal
and non-verbal
and non-verbal
communication
communication
When people talk about we choose to do the latter, i.e. show You probably resort to gesturing by
communication, the first thing that it to somebody and point out all the holding your hand next to your ear
comes to mind is words or langauge. new, amazing features. In other words, and pretending to talk; you point to the
Language is our primary means of pictures and objects can “speak for “phone,” point to your friend and use a
communication as human beings, themselves” more efficiently and
hand gesture to signal “What?” pointing
which sets us apart from other species. effectively than we can through verbal
back to the imaginary phone. Your
However, as studies have shown, it is language.
not the only means of communication. friend signals each number by holding
However, there are situations where a up the appropriate number of fingers.
Think about a photograph taken different type of interaction is required,
in the center of a town. It provides when, for example, you run into In other words, although language
information about the buildings, stores somebody you have not seen for some is important and allows us to
and services, people and cars, plants, time. You probably want to talk about communicate facts, feelings,
and all kinds of details if you choose to everything that has happened, ask him/ thoughts, experiences, and practically
take the time to look at it more carefully. her questions, and talk about people everything and anything that we are
Now try describing the picture and you know, and so on. This is definitely a interested in, it is not the only way
everything you have identified in it to case that requires verbal language.
we communicate with each other. As
your friend or write about it. How long On a partly different note, you see a studies have shown, about 60 percent
do you think it’s going to take you? friend you have not seen for some time
Certainly a lot longer than it takes a of human communication is carried out
at a distance, e.g. different escalators at
photo to convey the same amount of through non-verbal means, e.g. facial
the airport leading to different lounges.
information. expression, gestures, or illustration.
You have both checked through
Suppose that you have just acquired security and cannot go back; and you Maybe we should keep this in mind
the latest electronic gadget. Would certainly don’t want to start shouting when we are “at a loss for words”: our
you choose to tell your friend about across the airport building. You want eyes and overall expression can convey
it or show it to him or her? Usually, to get his/her cell phone number. what we cannot express through words.

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 B. 1. Think of an Arab man or woman and a non-Arab man or woman you know personally or from TV.
2. Think about the way these people communicate. Research and collect information about culture-specific
features of communication. Do you think they communicate in a way that is typical of their culture? Write
your ideas in a chart.
3. Write an essay about the communication approaches used by each person. Give examples to support your
ideas.

Arab person’s name: Non-Arab person’s name:

______________________ ______________________
Culture-specific
communication features

Communication features
that are not culture-
specific

a Friend from Poland

A Friend from Sweden and er as researchers on an educati
onal
lea gu es. W e wo rk tog eth ugh
My two friends are also col mu nic ate on lin e wi th sch ools in other countries. Altho
ls to com typical
project that encourages schoo , both of them are not really what you might consider
res
they come from different cultu
types. nek,
according to national stereo y fri en dly , ou tgo ing person in a quiet manner. Ja
Erik, my Swedish friend, is
a ver t…
on the oth er ha nd , do es no t look very friendly at first bu
my Polish colleague,

Writing Corner
When you write a comparative/contrastive essay:
• consider the different sides of the issue.
• develop a list of similarities and differences.
• establish your basis for comparison.
• create a thesis for their relative importance, e.g. similarities outweigh differences.
• structure your essay using an alternating or a block structure
a. an alternating structure involves a point by point discussion and can be quite systematic and
analytical
b. a block method allows you to discuss each aspect or topic in distinct blocks and then
conclude

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 6 The Gender
6 TheDivide
Gender Divide
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

11 11 Form, Meaning and Function www.ien.edu.sa

Present Perfect Progressive versus Present Perfect Simple

Use the present perfect progressive to say how long something has been happening.
Use the present perfect simple to say how many things have been done or how many times
something has been done.
Present Perfect Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive Present Perfect Simple
Present Perfect Simple
Sandy and Amal have been discussing the differences They have decided that women talk about feelings more
in behavior between men and women for 2 hours. than men.
How long have you been discussing stereotypes? How many times have you discussed this issue?
Saeed has been driving since early this morning. He has driven 400 miles.
How long have you been driving? How many different models of car have you driven?
Use the present perfect progressive to talk about an annoying action or situation.
I haven’t slept at all. My phone has been ringing all night.
Who’s been eating the cakes? There is only one left!

Time Expressions with the Present Perfect Progressive:

How long, for, since, all day/all week/all month/all year
They’ve been talking for over an hour. The children are getting bored.

A. A. Ask and answer questions about the picture. It’s been raining for ten minutes. What have the people been
doing during this time? Use the present perfect progressive and the present perfect simple.
A: What has the man at the magazine stand been doing during the rain?
B: He’s been reading.
A: How many magazines has he read?
B: He’s read several magazines.

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 Words Connected with Hobbies and Interests
Here are some words connected with popular free time activities. Write some words connected
with a hobby or interest of your own.
Playing Sport Reading Books Collecting Items Surfing the Internet Your Hobby
play a team sport science fiction stamps computer, laptop
water sport detective stories stuffed toys educational
join a club adventure stories comic books play games
training best seller stickers Internet cafe
outdoors poetry bookmarks enjoyment
keep fit book worm enjoyment knowledge
athletic track entertaining happiness new information
rewarding bookmark fascination
competition novel satisfaction
awards writer collection

Ahmed is a footballer. He has played every week since he was ten years old. He plays in his local team and
they have won many competitions and awards.
Sally is a bookworm. She loves reading novels and poetry. One day she hopes to be a writer.
Ali has always been fascinated with superheroes and comic books. They bring him much enjoyment and
happiness and he now has a collection of more than one thousand.

Adjective + Preposition + Gerund

I’m not very good at playing sport.
I’m fascinated by traditional stories and books.
I’m interested in reading all sorts of stories.

B. Work in groups. Find out about your classmates’ hobbies and interests. Ask how long they’ve been
doing them. Complete the chart.
A: Can you play a sport? B: I’ve been playing tennis since I was ten.
B: Yes, I can. I play tennis on the weekends. A: Have you taken part in any tournaments?
A: How long have you been playing tennis? B: Yes, I have.

Hobby/Interest Name Length of Time

Sport
Books
Collecting something
Your idea
Your idea
Your idea

C. Tell the class about your group’s hobbies and interests.

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 6 The Gender
6 TheDivide
Gender Divide
‫رابط الدر�س الرقمي‬

12 12
www.ien.edu.sa

Project
1. Think about and research methods that people have used to communicate with others
throughout history. For example, Native Americans used to communicate through smoke
signals. They used a blanket to cover and uncover the fire in order to make a specific
number of smoke puffs rise. Someone at a distance could watch and interpret the smoke
signals and understand the message that was being sent.
2. Work in pairs/groups. Find out about different methods of communication that have been
used through time and make notes in the chart.
3. Use your notes and the information that you have collected to prepare a PowerPoint
presentation for your class.

Communication
Communication
Method Method
1 12 23 34 4
Description

Time period

Place

Person/group involved

Advantages

Disadvantages

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 13 Self Reflection
Things that I liked about Unit 6: Things that I didn’t like very much:

Things that I found easy in Unit 6: Things that I found difficult in Unit 6:

I can do this I can do this I need to study/

Unit 6 Checklist very well. quite well. practice more.

talk about gender differences and similarities

discuss stereotypes

ask for and give directions

use verbs + infinitives or gerunds with different meanings

use passive forms of infinitives and gerunds

use auxiliary verbs after but and and

use the present perfect simple and the present
progressive tense
use time expressions: How long ...?; for; since; all day,
week, month, year
talk about hobbies and interests

use adjectives + prepositions + gerunds

If you’re still not sure about something

My five favorite new words from Unit 6: from Unit 6:

• read through the unit again

• listen to the audio material
• study the grammar and functions
from the unit again
• ask your teacher for help

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 EXPANSION
EXPANSION
Units 4–6
Units 4–6
1 1 Language
Language Review Review
A. Complete eachA. sentence
Completebyeach
adding
sentence
both...and,
by adding
not only...but
both...and,
also,
noteither...or,
only...but or
also,
neither...nor.
either...or, or neither...nor.
For some items, more
For some
than items,
one answer
more than
may one
be possible.
answer may be possible.
1. _____________ 1. _____________
Beijing _____________
Beijing _____________
Shanghai are citiesShanghai
in China.
are cities in China.
2. All numbers are
2. _____________
All numbers are _____________
even _____________ even _____________
odd. odd.
3. Solar energy is
3._____________
Solar energy is _____________
clean _____________clean _____________
renewable. renewable.
4. _____________ 4. _____________
Ayrton Senna _____________
Ayrton Senna _____________
Jim Clark were famous
Jim Clark
racewere
car drivers.
famous race car drivers.
5. In the Spanish5.language,
In the Spanish
nouns language,
are _____________
nouns are _____________
masculine _____________
masculine _____________
feminine. feminine.
6. _____________ 6. _____________
Finding Nemo _____________
Finding Nemo _____________
The Lion King areTheanimated
Lion King
films.
are animated films.
7. Studies have found
7. Studies
that _____________
have found that _____________
men _____________ men _____________
women talk morewomenthan thetalk
other.
more than the other.
8. _____________ 8. _____________
cars _____________ cars _____________
airplanes existedairplanes
200 yearsexisted
ago. 200 years ago.
9. The word change
9. Thecanword
meanchange
_____________
can mean _____________
coins _____________ coins _____________
to become different.
to become different.
10. Some words10.in the
Some
English
words
language,
in the English
like conflict
language,
and suspect,
like conflict
are and
_____________
suspect, are _____________
nouns nouns
__________________________
verbs. verbs.

B. Rewrite each B.
pairRewrite
of sentences
each pair
as aofsingle
sentences
sentence
as a with
single
ansentence
adverb clause.
with anUse
adverb
a word
clause.
or phrase
Use afrom
word or phrase from
the box to begin the
eachbox
adverb
to begin
clause.
eachFor
adverb
someclause.
items, more
For some
than items,
one answer
more than
may one
be possible.
answer may be possible.

because if because (in order)

if to (inonly
order)
if to only
so ifthat where
so that where
even if ineven
caseif nowinthat
case nowsince
that since
unless wherever
unless wherever

Check the product

Check
carefully.
the product
There may
carefully.
be defects.
There may be defects.
Check the product
Check
carefully
the product
in casecarefully
there areindefects.
case there are defects.
1. You feel anxiety
1. about
You feelleaving
anxietyyour
about
job. leaving
You shouldyourstill
job.doYou
it. should still do it.
2. The police will2.have
Thetrouble
police will
finding
havethetrouble
criminal.
finding
It would
the criminal.
help if there
It would
werehelp
a witness.
if there were a witness.
3. We have finished
3. We thishave
tedious
finished
task. this
We tedious
can relax.task. We can relax.
4. She feels restless.
4. She It doesn’t
feels restless.
matter where
It doesn’t
shematter
is. where she is.
5. Let’s choose our
5. Let’s
destination.
chooseThen our destination.
we can book Then
ourwe trip.can book our trip.
6. More consumers6. More
buy thatconsumers
brand. It buy
has that
a good
brand.
reputation.
It has a good reputation.
7. He wants to be7. accepted
He wantsinto to bea prestigious
accepted intouniversity.
a prestigious
He willuniversity.
have to study
He will
hard.
have to study hard.
8. The secret agent
8. Thealtered
secret
his agent
appearance.
altered Ithis
was appearance.
difficult to recognize
It was difficult
him.to recognize him.

C. Write two sentences

C. Writeabout
two sentences
each item using
about adverb
each item
clauses.
using adverb clauses.
I brought an umbrella
I brought
in case
an umbrella
it rains. in case it rains.
Wherever I go, Wherever
I bring anIumbrella.
go, I bring an umbrella.
1. a bicycle 1. a bicycle 2. a bilingual dictionary
2. a bilingual dictionary
3. a cell phone 3. a4.cell
a chocolate
phone bar
4. a chocolate bar

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 D. Explain what each person is saying. Use the verb in parentheses, followed by a gerund or an infinitive.
Sabrina: Oh no! I think I left the oven on when I left my house. (forgot)
Sabrina thinks she forgot to turn off the oven.
1. Ahmed: I shouldn’t have bought this car. It keeps breaking down. (regret)
2. Abdullah: I wish I could be at the meeting, but unfortunately I can’t. (regret)
3. Tom: We got so bored of that TV show. We don’t watch it anymore. (stop)
4. Allen: The election is Monday. Make sure you vote. (remember)
5. Dennis: Watching the Olympics live was incredible. I will never forget it. (remember)
6. Andrew: Jack and I were driving when we saw fireworks. We pulled over and watched them. (stop)
7. Kaya: I’m looking for a dress for the wedding. (try)
8. Jimmy: Did you look online for the tennis match schedules this weekend? (try)

E. Use the words to write sentences with but or and + an auxiliary verb.
ice cream is made from milk/butter
Ice cream is made from milk, and butter is too.
1. gold is a kind of metal/silver
2. shoes are worn on the feet/gloves
3. alligators don’t live in the desert/monkey
4. an uncle is a male relative/nephew
5. ice is a form of water/steam
6. elephants aren’t predatory animals/deer
7. Kenya is an African country/Nigeria
8. men often wear ties/women
9. apples aren’t tropical fruits/cherries
10. Colombia is in South America/Canada
11. penguins can’t fly/parrots
12. The United States doesn’t have a royal family/England

F. For each pair of pictures, write sentences with but or and + an auxiliary verb.
The K.S.A. is in the Middle East, but the U.S. isn’t.
1. The K.S.A./the U.S. 3. a burrito/sushi

2. a cell phone/a laptop 4. a race car driver/a mechanic

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 EXPANSION Units 4–6
EXPANSION Units 4–6

2 2 Reading
Before Reading
Before Reading
1. Do you think it is easy for people to make real friends online? Why? Why not?
2. Do you text or call people you know? What kind of language do you use in each case?

The impact
Theofimpact
a changing
of a changing
world onworld
humanon human
languagelanguage
and communication
and communication
Recent research on the impact of online initial connections more meaningful. This was
communication across cultures in Europe has further confirmed by the diminishing interest and
revealed some very interesting findings. involvement of the participants that had not been
Although, social networking and online able to travel.
communication has become the norm among As expected, English was used as the common
young people nowadays, the formation of lasting medium of communication. Project participants
friendships among peers appears to require Face- admitted to having been intimidated and reluctant
to-face communication. to initiate conversation due to their language
The project involved communication with partner “inadequacies.” They soon found out that none
schools in different countries. According to project of their peers from other countries were perfect
participants, online communication and information either, but were only too willing to utilize all available
exchange was effective for a period of time and resources to speak. So they quickly revised their
undoubtedly provided the input and information views on language competence and stopped being
needed. However, when it came to the formation of over-concerned with potential “errors.”
long-term friendships, they strongly felt that Face-to- The task at hand required them to communicate with
face communication was a key requirement; as was people that they had previously communicated with
mobility, in other words travel to different countries. through email and video conferencing, under more
The way one of the participants put it, “It’s different controlled circumstances with teacher support, and
to find out about each other’s culture through time to check and edit their language. Face-to-face
reading, talking about it and exchanging pictures communication had to be spontaneous and genuine,
or videos, and different to actually experience it in so they were required to do their best, to listen,
person. It’s the day-to-day things that tell you more understand, and ask for clarification or repetition,
about people and their mindset.” These conclusions use gestures or point to things if they could not
were reached after participants visited the countries recall words and so on. More importantly, their peers
where partner schools were located. As funding was from other countries routinely resorted to the same
limited, not all project participants were able to join. strategies in conversation.

All interviewees appreciated the accessible and On occasion, when lost for words, their interlocutors
affordable opportunities offered through technology would say:” text me”; this they could do without
and online communication but stressed the need for difficulty, using abbreviated language. They would
communication beyond cyberspace. Interestingly, then use the text message, as a basis to clarify
young people nowadays take cyberspace for meaning. Abbreviated language, this special kind
granted and consider more conventional, real world of electronic shorthand, which often confuses older
experiences to be more creative and rewarding. adults, is accessible to young people. In fact, it is
Overall, the conclusion reached pointed out that the electronic variety of English as an international
although technology “connects” people, lasting medium, and an identifying marker of generations
friendships require Face-to-face contact to make that are natives to technology.

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 The context and means of communication do have an When these issues were addressed in a focus group
immediate impact on the type of language used. The with high school students who had participated in the
need for speedy and highly economical messaging has multicultural project, they were ready with clear and
fostered the development and evolution of “texting” highly articulate answers. They agreed that context
language. Abbreviated language is regarded as a type and circumstances impose the need for changes in
of ‘slang’, categorizing it as a substandard variety of communication and therefore the type of language
language. On the other hand, some analysts attest to used. They were pleased to be able to use abbreviated
the fact that it indicates high intelligence and speed of language in texting and messaging effectively and
processing that should not be overlooked. efficiently. However, they pointed out that they
According to Professor Crystal, “text-speak”, the would very much like to develop their language and
combination of vowel-free abbreviations and acronyms, communication skills further in order to be able to
“has definitely been overhyped” and does not qualify operate in a different range of contexts. As one of the
as a new language. interviewees put it, “It wouldn’t be a good idea to use
abbreviated language in term papers when I get to
university!”

After Reading
A. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

norm diminishing utilize interlocutor

abbreviated intimidated acronym overrated

1. The disappointing results of the experiment were, unfortunately,

caused by the researcher’s _____________ enthusiasm and interest.
2. Unfortunately, consuming too much fast food is the _____________
among young people, these days, not the exception.
3. Although he had spent days preparing his presentation, he got so
_____________ by the audience that he could hardly say a word.
4. You should not give up when you run into difficulties. Instead, you should
_____________ all your skills and experience to deal with them.
5. UAE is an _____________ It stands for United Arab Emirates.
6. A good communicator always tries to facilitate his _____________.
7. Young people use _____________ language in texting.
8. People used to think that computers were vastly _____________ as a home appliance.
B. Answer the questions.
1. What were the conclusions of research on the impact of online communication across cultures?
2. What did the project participants believe about lasting friendships?
3. What was the main difference between participants who travelled to different countries and those
who didn’t?
4. How did the project participants feel about their language competence to begin with? Why?
5. Which factors fostered the development of “texting” language?
6. What did high school students believe about different types of language? Why?

Discussion
1. Do you think abbreviated, “text-speak” qualifies as a new language? Why? Why not?
2. Do you think technology has had a positive or negative impact on language and communication?
Give reasons.

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 EXPANSION Units 4–6
EXPANSION Units 4–6

3 3 Language Plus
Read the definitions of these idioms. Then complete each sentence with the correct idiom.
break into a cold sweat = feel very anxious about something
root for someone = support and encourage a contestant or team by cheering
throw caution to the wind = take an unnecessary risk
The third time’s the charm. = The third time you try to do something, it will work.

1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4

1. Every time I go to the dentist, I ______________.

2. Finally! This cake is perfect. _______________.
3. I was lucky not to get hurt last time I jumped. I don’t
want to _______________ by jumping again.
4. I hope you win. I will _______________.

4 4 Writing
Tools for Writing:
Tools for
Run-on
Writing:
Sentences
Run-on Sentences
A run-on sentence is a sentence with two or more independent clauses that are incorrectly placed
together without any punctuation or a coordinating conjunction.
Incorrect: You look in the cafeteria I’ll look in the auditorium.
Run-on sentences can be avoided by using a period to separate the clauses into two separate
sentences, or by adding a coordinating conjunction after a comma.
Correct: You look in the cafeteria. I’ll look in the auditorium.
Correct: You look in the cafeteria, and I’ll look in the auditorium.
Correct each run-on sentence in two different ways.
1. The weather has been great it has been warm. 3. He’s tired he doesn’t want to stay out late.
2. She can’t make it she has other plans. 4. I understood the lesson I can help you.

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 Writing Prompt
Write an essay about tales involving animals in your culture. Include grammar points from Units 4, 5, and 6.

Write Your Essay

1. Think about the following questions: Where did the tale originate? What is the significance of the tale? Is
there a moral?
2. Use a chart to organize your ideas. In the first column, write two or three tales about animals that you
are interested in learning more about. Research these tales. Then write notes about the origin of each in
the second column. Use these notes when you write your
essay. Animal Tale Origin of the Tale
3. Write an outline for your essay, and then write a draft.
4. Have a partner read and comment on your draft. Use your
partner’s comments and suggestions to revise your essay.

Developing Your Writing: Outlining an Essay

Writers use outlines to help them organize their thoughts before they begin writing. Outlines show the
order in which topics will be introduced. They also include categories and subcategories to show the
relationship between the different parts of the essay. Outlines are usually arranged from general points
to more specific points. Outlines are also usually arranged by a system of numbers and letters, as in the
example below.
I. Introduction
A. There are numerous tales about animals in American culture.
B. These tales often teach an important lesson/moral.
II. Body
A. First tale: The Tortoise and the Hare
1. origins of the tale
2. significance/moral of the tale
B. Second tale: The Lion and the Mouse
1. origins of the tale
2. significance/moral of the tale
III. Conclusion

Animal Tales in American Culture

American culture has a rich assortment of animal tales that are passed on from
generation to generation. Most of these tales originated centuries ago, but are still
told to children today. Each tale has a moral—an important lesson to be learned…
learned

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 Vocabulary
Vocabulary

1 Two Is Better
1 Two Than
Is Better
One Than One
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY

Nouns Nouns Verbs Verbs Adjectives Adjectives

aggression leftovers
aggression tentacles
leftovers tentacles
chuckle flee
chuckle flee acute acute
companions operation
companions unification
operation unification
compensate honor
compensate honorconjoined conjoined
contentment pediatric
contentment pediatric employ reject
employ devoted
reject devoted
(moral) fiber (moral)
surgeon
fiber surgeon exile swoop
exile swoopfearsome fearsome
deficiencies predators
deficiencies predators flustered flustered
elements radioactivity
elements radioactivity grieving grieving
grief struggle
grief struggle invaluable invaluable
intellect symbiosis
intellect symbiosis legendary legendary
pregnant pregnant
symbiotic symbiotic
EXPRESSIONS
EXPRESSIONS unified unified

Negotiating Negotiating Real Talk Real Talk

How about if I…and Howyou…?about if I…and you…? No sweat. No sweat.
I think it would be Ifair
think
if…it would be fair if… Not my cup of tea.Not my cup of tea.
I’m sure we can workI’m sure
this out.
we can work this out.
on the same wavelength
on the same wavelength
OK, I’ll agree to…ifOK,
youI’llwill…
agree to…if you will…
Would you (be willing
Would to)…if
youI…?
(be willing to)…if I…?

2 Rags to2Riches
Rags to Riches
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY

Nouns Nouns Verbs Verbs

Adjectives Adjectives Adverb Adverb
asset asset
inventory inventory
assemble assemble
formal formal
prominent prominent
enormously enormously
charity charity
obscurity obscurity
compile compile
impoverished impoverished
reasonable reasonable
dispute dispute
phenomenon phenomenon
comply with comply
materialistic
with materialistic
renowned renowned
endowment endowment
philanthropist philanthropist
dismantle dismantle
overwhelming overwhelming
rural rural
founder founder
poverty poverty
excel excel
foresight foresight
reputation reputation
implement implement
hurdle hurdle
wealth wealth
prosper prosper
resign resign

EXPRESSIONS
EXPRESSIONS

Discussing options
Discussing options Real Talk Real Talk
At the same time,…At the same time,… On the other hand,…cash
On the other hand,… cash go (around) in circles
go (around) in circles
But then again,… But then again,…
The alternative would
The be
alternative
to… don’t
would mind
be to… don’t put
mind(something) put (something)
I could always… I could always… What would you think
Whatabout…? drive
would you think someone crazy
about…? drive someone
aside forcrazy
a rainy day
aside for a rainy day
get cold feet get cold feet

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 3 What Will They Think of Next?
VOCABULARY

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

acrobatics expectancy adopt optimize commonplace of degree
biodiversity gravity compete preserve condensed amazingly
biosphere industry determine simulate cushioned extensively
chain orbit estimate span lucrative incredibly
circuits rank gaze substitute obsolete mainly
conscience sanitation generate transport reusable
demolition invest rigorous
steep

EXPRESSIONS

Persuading Real Talk

(I’m sure) if you just give it a try, you’ll find that… check out
Look at it this way… ditch
One of the advantages is… go with the flow
One reason you should consider… hoopla
Trust me on this… lugging
What’s great about this is…

EXPANSION Units 1–3

VOCABULARY

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverb

capabilities life form telescope confirm discouraged unintentionally
diameter limitations radio waves detect entire
galaxy radio shortcomings monitor extraterrestrial
optimistic
vast
EXPRESSIONS

Idioms
be in another world
be on top of the world
be worlds apart
carry the weight of the world on (one’s) shoulders
The world is (one’s) oyster.
Where in the world…?

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 Vocabulary
Vocabulary

4 The World
4 ofThe
TVWorld of TV
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY
Nouns Nouns Verbs Adjectives
Verbs Adjectives Adverbs Adverbs
ally magnifying
ally captivate
magnifying abrupt
captivate evolutionary
abrupt eagerly
evolutionary eagerly
defect defect
glass capture
glass altered
capture exotic
altered ironically
exotic ironically
delusion melodrama
delusion confront
melodrama animated
confront formulaic
animated tremendously
formulaic tremendously
ease obstacle
ease reclaim
obstacle carefree
reclaim idiosyncratic
carefree idiosyncratic
formula throne
formula triumph
throne cold-blooded
triumph phenomenal
cold-blooded phenomenal
gadgets villain
gadgets villain crucial prestigious
crucial prestigious
intrigue intrigue enduring prominent
enduring prominent
epic superhuman
epic superhuman
essential untimely
essential untimely
evil evil

EXPRESSIONS
EXPRESSIONS
Agreeing Agreeing Disagreeing Disagreeing Real Talk Real Talk
I agree completely.I agree completely.
(I’m sorry but) I don’t(I’magree
sorry (with
but) I you).
don’t agree (with
a dime
you).
a dozen a dime a dozen
I couldn’t agree more.
I couldn’t agree
I see more.
it differently. I see it differently. doze off doze off
You’re absolutely right.
You’re absolutely
I totallyright.
disagree. I totally disagree. hard to swallow hard to swallow
You’re right about You’re
that. right(I’m
about that.I don’t really
afraid) (I’m afraid)
agree.I don’t really agree.
just just
I’m not so sure about I’m not
that.so sure about that.
You must be joking. You must be joking.

5 Do You5Really
Do Need
You Really
It? Need It?
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY
Nouns Verbs
Nouns Verbs
Adjectives Adjectives Adverbs Adverbs
brand admire
brand admire
artificial artificial
obsolete dramatically
obsolete dramatically
consumer authenticate
consumer authenticate
dull dull
outlandish similarly
outlandish similarly
formula covet
formula covet
cursive cursive
revolutionary spontaneously
revolutionary spontaneously
implement expose
implement expose
exclusive exclusive
sophisticated virtually
sophisticated virtually
logo imprint
logo imprint
frustrating frustrating
unconventional unconventional
trait traitintend intend
promote promote

EXPRESSIONS
EXPRESSIONS
Advising againstAdvising
something
against somethingReal Talk Real Talk
Are you sure you wantAre you
to do
sure
that?
you want to do that?beat it beat it
I don’t think that’s Iadon’t
goodthink
idea.that’s a good idea.blow blow
I wouldn’t do that Iifwouldn’t
I were you.
do that if I were you.broke broke
I’m afraid you’re going
I’m afraid
to regret
you’reit ifgoing
you…to regretmax
it if out
you… max out
You should think carefully
You shouldbefore
thinkyou…
carefully before you…

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 6 The Gender Divide
VOCABULARY

Nouns Verbs Adjectives

anxiety intensity convey countless repetitive
capacity recovery encounter feminine restless
content reflex witness intimate rich
gender species literal significant
impact stereotype masculine tedious
intuition temperament non-verbal verbal

EXPRESSIONS

Asking for directions Giving directions

Am I headed in the right direction? Go straight on…until you get to a…
Can you tell me how to get to…? If you see a…you’ve gone too far.
I’m looking for… Keep going until you come to a (crosswalk/set of traffic lights).
Take a left/right after the (first, second, etc.) set of traffic lights.
When you get to…you’ll see a…
Real Talk
for ages
know (something) like the back of
my hand
make a big deal about
over
You can say that again.

EXPANSION Units 4–6

VOCABULARY
Nouns Verbs Adjectives
acronym mobility utilize abbreviated
impact norm overhype affordable
interlocutor peer diminishing
mindset intimidated
overrated
potential
EXPRESSIONS
Idioms
break into a cold sweat
root for someone
The third time’s the charm.
throw caution to the wind

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 Irregular
Irregular
VerbsVerbs
Base Form Base Form Simple Past Simple Past
Past Participle
Past Participle
be be was/were was/were been been
become become became became become become
break break broke broke broken broken
buy buy bought bought bought bought
come come came came come come
cut cut cut cut cut cut
do do did did done done
drink drink drank drank drunk drunk
drive drive drove drove driven driven
eat eat ate ate eaten eaten
fall fall fell fell fallen fallen
feed feed fed fed fed fed
fight fight fought fought fought fought
find find found found found found
fly fly flew flew flown flown
get get got got gotten gotten
give give gave gave given given
go go went went gone gone
have have had had had had
hear hear heard heard heard heard
hold hold held held held held
hurt hurt hurt hurt hurt hurt
know know knew knew known known
leave leave left left left left
lend lend lent lent lent lent
lose lose lost lost lost lost
make make made made made made
mean mean meant meant meant meant
meet meet met met met met
pay pay paid paid paid paid
put put put put put put
read read read read read read
ride ride rode rode ridden ridden
run run ran ran run run
say say said said said said
see see saw saw seen seen
sell sell sold sold sold sold
send send sent sent sent sent
sew sew sewed sewed sewn sewn
sing sing sang sang sung sung
sit sit sat sat sat sat
sleep sleep slept slept slept slept
speak speak spoke spoke spoken spoken
spend spend spent spent spent spent
steal steal stole stole stolen stolen
swim swim swam swam swum swum
take take took took taken taken
teach teach taught taught taught taught
tear tear tore tore torn torn
think think thought thought thought thought
throw throw threw threw thrown thrown
wake (up) wake (up) woke (up) woke (up) woken (up) woken (up)
wear wear wore wore worn worn
win win won won won won
write write wrote wrote written written

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 Photo Credits

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(c) ©EM Karuna/Shutterstock, 76 (b) ©Hany Musallam/Shutterstock, 78 (br) ©Lana U/Shutterstock, 80 (tr) ©Zapp2Photo/Shutterstock,
85 (br) ©Image Source/Image Source, 86 (tr) ©Tatweer Co. for Educational Services, 87 (tr) ©Zurijeta/Shutterstock, 87 (cr) ©Jose Luis
Pelaez Inc/Blend Images, 88 (cl) ©L. Mouton/PhotoAlto, 89 (tl) ©ESB Professional/Shutterstock, 90 (tr) ©Dreams Brand/Shutterstock,
90 (cr) ©Tatweer Co. for Educational Services, 93 (c) ©phive/Shutterstock, 94 (cl) ©Drakuliren/Shutterstock, 94 (c) ©Don Hammond/
Alamy Images, 94 (cr) ©FOTOGRIN/Shutterstock, 96 1 ©steamroller_blues/Shutterstock, 96 2 ©Rashevskyi Viacheslav/Shutterstock,
96 3 ©Tatweer Co. for Educational Services, 96 4 ©margouillat/123RF, 96 5 ©Mega Pixel/Shutterstock, 97 (l to r - t to b) ©Barry Barnes/
Shutterstock, 97 (l to r - t to b) ©Marilyn Volan/Shutterstock, 97 (l to r - t to b) ©vitals/Shutterstock, 97 (l to r - t to b) ©GoncharukMaks/
Shutterstock, 97 (l to r - t to b) ©Tatweer Co. for Educational Services, 97 (l to r - t to b) ©Scanrail1/Shutterstock, 97 (l to r - t to b) ©Brendt
A Petersen/Shutterstock, 97 (l to r - t to b) ©Africa Studio/Shutterstock, 98 (tc) ©Tatweer Co. for Educational Services, 98 (tr) ©Pormezz/
Shutterstock, 99 (cr) ©michaeljung/Shutterstock.

Cover (l) ©Hussain Faisel AL-Salehi/Shutterstock, (r) ©Orhan Durgut/Shutterstock.

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 MEGAGOAL 5 Audio Track List
CD1
Track Unit Student Book Section
2 Intro 1 Listen and Discuss
3 Intro 3 Conversation
4 Intro 4 Speaking
5 Unit 1 1 Listen and Discuss
6 Unit 1 4 Conversation
7 Unit 1 5 Listening
8 Unit 1 6 Pronunciation
9 Unit 1 8 Reading
10 Unit 1 10 Writing
11 Unit 2 1 Listen and Discuss
12 Unit 2 4 Conversation
13 Unit 2 5 Listening
14 Unit 2 6 Pronunciation
15 Unit 2 8 Reading
16 Unit 2 10 Writing
17 Unit 3 1 Listen and Discuss
18 Unit 3 4 Conversation
19 Unit 3 5 Listening
20 Unit 3 6 Pronunciation
21 Unit 3 8 Reading
22 Unit 3 10 Writing
EXPANSION
23 Units 1–3 2 Reading
CD2
2 Unit 4 1 Listen and Discuss
3 Unit 4 4 Conversation
4 Unit 4 5 Listening
5 Unit 4 6 Pronunciation
6 Unit 4 8 Reading
7 Unit 4 10 Writing
8 Unit 5 1 Listen and Discuss
9 Unit 5 4 Conversation
10 Unit 5 5 Listening
11 Unit 5 6 Pronunciation
12 Unit 5 8 Reading
13 Unit 5 10 Writing
14 Unit 6 1 Listen and Discuss
15 Unit 6 4 Conversation
16 Unit 6 5 Listening
17 Unit 6 6 Pronunciation
18 Unit 6 8 Reading
19 Unit 6 10 Writing
EXPANSION
20 Units 4–6 2 Reading

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