CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDY

Introduction

Through the decades, such an increase resulted in the vast access of human beings to

technology. It opened an array of avenues to ease and make people's lives convenient.

One vital role of technology is to aid businesses' success--from external to internal

systems. The point of sale, technically, could be supported by technology. In this light,

ordering systems need to be designed as beneficial and accurate as possible. Generally,

in this chapter, the proponents gathered related literature and studies to strengthen their

knowledge and expertise in the proposed ordering system they will be concretizing for

their requirements.

The concept of ordering system of Dolores Pancit Malabon, since it is web - based

system, keep everything as simple as possible. The project consists in a Web based

System that can be used by employees in a store to handle the customer, their orders and

can help them easily find the menu of the store. This application created mainly for proof

of proper computer and cellphone interaction. The Dolores Pancit Malabon menu is

organized by categories. Short orders like, the famous Sinigang na Baboy/Hipon/Baka,

Kare-Kare, Nilaga, Chop Suey, Single Orders that consists of Pritong ulam matching it

with Pancit Malabon also, Pancit Malabon in bilao. Each menu item has a name (e.g.,

rice), price and associated recipe. The ingredients are unidentified by their ingredients

name and quantity of the ingredients needed to prepare a particular recipe, the unit of

measure and a name.

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2.1 Related Literature

An online food menu is set up by the proposed food ordering system and as per their will

customers can easily place the order. Also, customers can easily track the orders with the

food menu. The management improves food delivery service and preserves customer’s

database (Trupthi et al., 2019, p.1). The payment can be done through the customer’s

credit card, debit card. It is possible for everyone to order any goods from anywhere the

internet and have the goods delivered at his/her home. All types made be internet le

transaction ads to the economics of digital cash, the necessary tool for this process

telecommunication with customers. The system will become important tools use for

restaurant to improve the management aspect by use of computer system to connect each

and every food ordering transaction instead of data record on it. In addition, it can also

provide efficiency for the restaurant by reducing time consuming; minimize human errors

or delivery and providing good quality and service to customers. In terms of the integrity

and availability of the system provided, it can be concluded that this system is a suitable

solution. (Deepa and Selvamani 2018, p.143).

The system can also be used in any food delivery industry. This simplifies the process of

food ordering for both the customer and the restaurant, as the entire process of taking

orders is automated. (Abhishek and Adithya, 2019).

2.1.1 Local Literature

Brocks Burger (Lemery Branch)

According to Melody Ebreo, online ordering system services are websites of local

restaurants and food cooperatives set up for customers to select from the interactive

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menus provided so as the ordering process can take place. It is a system to capture

customer demand and record of type of materials, components and additional

information for company to forecast the demand. A method of using a terminal remote

from a company mainframe or an interface to the Internet like an e-commerce website

taking product orders and dealing with payments. These meanings are almost the same.

Online ordering deals not just rendering services but products as well, conceptualize by

making it online. Online ordering system is a system where in the demand of a customer

transact through online such as a specific website given by establishments such as

restaurant hotel and others.

Today many restaurants and fast-food chains have their websites. Introducing another

concept which talks about how well a restaurant was able to cope, handle and withstand

adversities, to recover from those adversities and to turn them into opportunities. Brocks

Burger will be part of our research and exploration to the I.T. world by designing a

website for Brocks Burger. As of the moment that we are living that everything is “just

one touch away” and internet rules, website will surely an advantage to the business. The

benefits will be less cost for your advertisement, accessibility of information to your

valued clients, creation of bigger market and developing long term customers, to name a

few. (p.1)

E-commerce in the Philippines

In the Philippines, e-commerce is mostly being implemented by major retailers and

multinational corporations for bank-to-bank e/change. A number of business-to-

consumer transactions have emerged through the years such as auctions, online

shopping, and online banking (Lacson, Pasadilla, 2006, p.4). This just shows that
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Filipino businesses welcome this new opportunity in selling goods since 16% of the

population is using Internet. This new marketing strategy will not only benefit those big

companies but also the small businesses who cannot afford to advertise their products.

Just by creating a website in a very affordable cost would make the business grow in

terms of sales and enhance the company image as well.

Philippine firms have yet to fully tap the potentials of e-commerce that will help them to

compete in domestic and global markets. In the process of preparing themselves to

conduct e-commerce, these firms will be changing the way they do business. These

changes are expected to have an impact on the welfare of Philippine workers. Most

efforts to measure the economic effects of e-commerce-including those on workers'

welfare-have focused on the U.S. and Europe, who are considered to be the leaders in e-

commerce. (Roberto, 2002, p.8). In general, it discusses the changes in the nature of

work from the front to back office is likely within the sectors performing services

employment demand for this industry, they may be focused away from agents and blue

collared workers, toward higher management and executive staff.

As Filipinos entered the 4; St. century, local e-commerce transaction reached Php

1billiion. It shows that there is at least one billion transaction sales growth annually. If

this trend continues, figures can reach up to Php 45billion as more businesses conduct

online transactions. If significant economic growth takes place in the next 10 years, these

estimates may even double or triple (Toral, 2004).

2.1.2 Foreign Literature

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In [1] an automated food ordering system is proposed which will keep track of user

orders smartly. Basically, they implemented a food ordering system for different type of

restaurants in which user will make order or make custom food by one click only. By

means of android application for Tablet PCs this system was implemented. The front end

was developed using JAVA, Android and at the backend MySQL database was used.

In [2] Customer using a Smartphone is considered as a basic assumption for the system.

When the customer approach to the restaurant, the saved order can be confirmed by

touching the Smartphone. The list of selected preordered items shall be shown on the

kitchen screen, and when confirmed, order slip shall be printed for further order

processing. The solution provides easy and convenient way to select pre-order transaction

form customers.

In [3] there was an attempt to design and implementation of digital dining in restaurants

using android technology. This system was a basic dynamic database utility system

which fetches all information from a centralized database. This application improved the

accuracy and efficiency of restaurants as well as human errors. Earlier drawbacks of

automated food ordering systems were overcome by this system and it requires a onetime

investment for gadgets.

In [4] an application of integration of hotel management systems by web services

technology is presented. Ordering System Kitchen Order Ticket (KOT), Billing System,

Customer Relationship Management system (CRM) are held together by the Digital

Hotel Management. Add or expand of hotel software system in any size of hotel chains

environment was possible with this solution.

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In [5] research work aims to design and develop a wireless food ordering system in the

restaurant. Technical operations of Wireless Ordering System (WOS) including systems

architecture, function, limitations and recommendations were presented in this system.

By providing higher quality customer service and reducing human errors to improve the

management aspect for restaurants, pervasive application will be a valuable tool due to

the high demands of handheld devices such as PDAs.

In [6] along with customer feedback for a restaurant a design and execution of wireless

food ordering system was carried out. It enables restaurant owners to setup the system in

wireless environment and update menu presentations easily. Smart phone has been

integrated in the customizable wireless food ordering system with real-time customer

feedback implementation to facilitate real-time communication between restaurant

owners and customers.

In Paper [7], the purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that influence the

attitude of internet users towards online food ordering in Turkey among university

students. A Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) developed by Davis in 1986 was used

to study adoption of Web environment for food ordering. Trust, Innovativeness and

External Influences are added to the model as main factors along with TAM.

In Paper [8], the research work aims to automate the food ordering process in restaurant

and also improve the dining experience of customers. Design implementation of food

ordering system for restaurants were discuss in this paper. This system implements

wireless data access to servers. The android application on user’s mobile will have all the

menu details. Kitchen and cashier receive the order details from the customer mobile

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wirelessly. These order details are updated in the central database. The restaurant owner

can manage the menu modifications easily.

In Paper [9], this research works on efforts taken by owners of restaurants to adopt

information and communication technologies such as PDA, wireless LAN, costly multi-

touch screens, etc. to enhance dining experience. This paper highlights some of the

limitations of the conventional paper based and PDA-based food ordering system and

proposed the low-cost touch screen-based Restaurant Management System using an

android Smartphone or tablet as a solution. (Singh et al., 2018)

2.2 Related Studies

In expedition, the proponents and all the people in the world find new ways on ordering

food in the use of medium that the world have now. Using new technologies such as

gadgets, vehicles and developed systems, ordering system become famous and useful. It

evolves from a telephone call to an online system and the use of vehicle become more

convenient for everyone in this world.

Science and technology are essential for national development and progress. The State

shall give priority to research and development, invention, and their utilization, and to

science and technology education according to the 1987 Philippine Constitution (Article

XIV, Section 10).

Since PC power was the basic asset, effectiveness of preparing turned into the

fundamental objective. Accentuation was put on computerizing existing interaction like

buying or paying.

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2.2.1 Foreign Studies

There are two types of production ordering systems. One is the push type production

ordering system and another is pull type production ordering system. In the push type

production ordering system, the ordered quantity in each stage is determined by

forecasted demand. In this system the ordered quantity of each production stage is

ordered by a central controller. Material flows are controlled just as if they are pushed out

from the raw materials stage toward the final stage. In pull type production ordering

systems, the ordered quantities in each stage are determined by actual quantities

consumed by the immediate downriver stage. Here no central controller is needed.

Material flows are controlled just as if they pulled into the final product stage from the

stages preceding final production (Raouf and Daya, 1995).

In our generation era, computer has become a key component to our daily life because of

the advancement technology of World Wide Web that becomes an internet that allow

each and every user connected with theirs’ computer for information sharing throughout

the whole world. The World Wide Web did a great contribution to a lot of enterprise

which use this mechanism for information sharing within the enterprise and also outside

the enterprise (Kapchnaga, R, 2014, p.12).

2.2.2 Local Studies

Online food delivery services in the Philippines have changed the way Filipinos order

food. It’s convenient to order food online—no need to step out and brave the heat and

traffic. It takes just a few taps on your smartphone to order from your favorite restaurant.

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Then all that’s left to do is to wait within half an hour or so for your food to arrive. What

a great way to save time and money, right? Food panda is one of the leading foods deliver

yapps in the country, based on Kantar TNS research. Conducted from December 2018 to

March 2019, the independent study found that Food panda has been operating in the

country since June 2014. It’s part of the Food panda group, a leading global online food

delivery company based in Berlin, Germany. Food panda takes pride in being mainly

focused on providing just one type of service (delivering food to customers) with

undivided attention. (Sanchez, 2020, p.3)

2.3 Synthesis and Significance of the Study

In brief, different literature and studies about ordering systems both local and foreign

have transpired. These will exceptionally support the proponent’s understanding for them

to successfully conduct their output. As what mentioned from the information presented,

various business line produces various ordering system as well. Ordering systems should

be carefully planned and designed as they need to meet the business’ objective; one size

doesn’t really fit all, one must say. Therefore, in this chapter the proponents looked at the

process of implementing, analyzing and synthesizing research articles which relate to the

topic of the study.