Learning Area HEALTH Grade Level 8
W8 Quarter 3 Date May 10 – 14, 2021
I. LESSON TITLE DISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROL
II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING ● Discusses the stages of infection.
COMPETENCIES (MELCs)
● Analyzes the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines.
● Discusses the most common communicable diseases sign and
symptoms, effects and the prevention and control of communicable
diseases.
● Analyzes the nature of emerging and re-emerging diseases.
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Suggested
IV. LEARNING PHASES Learning Activities
Timeframe
A. Introduction DAY 1
Stages of Infection
Panimula
INCUBATION STAGE- organisms growing and multiplying.
PRODROMAL STAGE- person is most infectious, vague and nonspecific signs
of disease.
FULL STAGE OF ILLNESS- presence of specific signs and symtoms of
disease.
CONVALESCENT PERIOD- recovery from the infection.
A disease is any condition in which the normal structure or functions of the
body are damaged or impaired. Physical injuries or disabilities are not classified
as disease, but there can be several causes for disease, including infection by a
pathogen, genetics (as in many cancers or deficiencies), noninfectious
environmental causes, or inappropriate immune responses. Our focus in this
chapter will be on infectious diseases, although when diagnosing infectious
diseases, it is always important to consider possible noninfectious causes.
The periods of disease include the incubation period, the prodromal period, the
period of illness, the period of decline, and the period of convalescence. These
periods are marked by changes in the number of infectious agents and the
severity of signs and symptoms.
MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY
Morbidity is the state of being unhealthy for a particular disease or situation,
whereas, mortality is the number of deaths that occur in a
population.Morbidity refers to disease states, while mortality refers to
death.The leading causes of death are diseases of the heart, diseases of the
vascular system, pneumonias, malignant neoplasms/cancers, all forms of
tuberculosis, accidents, COPD and allied conditions, diabetes mellitus,
nephritis/nephritic syndrome and other diseases of respiratory system.While in
morbidity are TB Respiratory, Acute Watery Diarrhea and others. The severity of
the sick person’s illness depends on the extent of the infection, the pathogenicity
of the microorganism and susceptibility of the host.
Chain of Infection
Infectious agent or pathogen- a disease-causing organism which
includes bacteria, virus, parasitic worm, protozoa and lives in reservoir-which
can be a living or non-living object. In order to be transmitted, the pathogen
leaves the reservoir through portal of exit. Examples include the mouth ,nose,
anus and other body openings. The pathogen is then passed through a direct
or indirect mode of transmission from one host to another.It is transmitted
through a living vector like a mosquito or flea.Some are transmitted by
respiratory droplets, or even in semen.The organism enters the body through
the portal of entrance such as the nose, skin or mouth. The susceptible host
is a person with low immunity to disease. This includes the very old and the
immune suppressed (due to genetics, transplant drugs, malnutrition, or viral
infection like HIV).
What is a communicable disease?
A communicable disease is one that is spread from one person to
another through a variety of ways that include: contact with blood and bodily
fluids; breathing in an airborne virus; or by being bitten by an insect.Reporting of
cases of communicable disease is important in the planning and evaluation of
disease prevention and control programs, in the assurance of appropriate
medical therapy, and in the detection of common-source outbreaks. How these
diseases spread depends on the specific disease or infectious agent. Some
ways in which communicable diseases spread are by: This would help stop the
emerging or continuous spread and re-emerging of diseases.
1. physical contact with an infected person, such as through touch
(staphylococcus), sexual intercourse (gonorrhea, HIV), fecal/oral
transmission (hepatitis A), or droplets (influenza, TB)
2. contact with a contaminated surface or object (Norwalk virus), food
(salmonella, E. coli), blood (HIV, hepatitis B), or water (cholera);
3. bites from insects or animals capable of transmitting the disease
(mosquito: malaria and yellow fever; flea: plague); and
4. travel through the air, such as tuberculosis or measles.
How can we prevent communicable diseases?
Proper handwashing, especially before and after handling food and
using the toilet, helps keep germs at bay. Other important ways to slow or
stop disease transmission are by ensuring the food we eat and water we drink
is safe, avoiding people who are sick and practicing safe sex.
Prevention is better than cure. As you go along, you will notice that the
diseases you are experiencing can be prevented if you only know how to control
them.
B. Development DAY 2
Pagpapaunlad ACTIVITY 1: LET’S ANALYZE!
Directions:Study and analyze the pictures. Answer the questions below and
write your answer in the space provided.
Questions:
1. What can you say about the set of pictures above?
_______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. How are those pictures related to the present time?
_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Which among those pictures help in fighting the spread of diseases?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4.As a student, how can you help to prevent the transfer of diseases?
_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 2: PICK ME UP!
Directions:Complete the table below by writing the correct signs and symptoms
of the stages of infection. Choices are written in the box.
CHOICES
1. Length of recovery depends 6. Mumps, 15-18 days
on the severity of infection
and the patient’s general 7. Malaise, low grade fever
state of health.
8. Fatigue
2. takes several days to
9. Common cold manifested by
months.
sore throat
3. Chickenpox, 2-3 weeks
10. Sinus congestion
4. Common cold, 1- 2 days
11. rhinitis
5. Influenza, 1-3 days
12. Mumps manifested by
earache.
Incubation Prodromal Illness Stage Convalescence
Stage Stage Stage
ACTIVITY3: PICK ME UP!
Directions: Choose if the diseases are under mortality or morbidity. Write your
answer on the space provided.
____________1.Acute Respiratory Infection
____________2. Hypertension
____________3. Acute Watery Diarrhea
____________4. Influenza
____________5. Tuberculosis
___________6.Heart Diseases
___________7.Malignant Neoplasms/Cancers
___________8. COVID
___________9. Diabetes Mellitus
___________10. Accidents
C. Engagement DAY 3 ACTIVITY 4: COMPLETE ME!
Pakikipagpalihan Directions: Complete the table by writing some practices that help to prevent
the spread of diseases.
Name of Prevention and Cure
Communicable
Diseases
1. Acne
2. Dengue
3. Tuberculosis
4. Pneumonia
5. Malaria
D. Assimilation DAY 4
Paglalapat
ACTIVITY 5: I WANT IT ORGANIZE!
Directions: Complete the graphic organizer. Write an example of
communicable disease and the ways for its cure and prevention.
Communicable Diseases
Prevention Cure
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
V. ASSESSMENT DAY 4 ACTIVITY 6: MY LEARNING’S!
(Learning Activity Sheets for
Directions: Answer the following questions in a paragraph form.
Enrichment, Remediation or Assessment
to be given on Weeks 3 and 6)
1. What is communicable disease?
2. How can you help the country to stop the spread of covid19 diseases?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
VI. REFLECTION ● The learner communicates the explanation of their personal assessment as
indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.
● The learner, in their notebook, will write their personal insights about the
lesson using the prompts below.
I understand that
_______________________________________________________________
I realize that
_______________________________________________________________
I need to learn more about
_______________________________________________.
