ENGINEERING DRAWING AND DESIGN
ASSEMLY DRAWING PART 1
SECTIONING ASSEMBLY DRAWING
Its used to show the internal details of parts or assembly which otherwise would become too
complex to show or dimension,: – To convert hidden lines to solid lines
Hatch line
Its used to show the part of an assembly drawing or a component that has been sectioned
They are normally positioned at 45° but if this is awkward because the part itself or a surface of
it is at 45°, the hatching lines can be at another angle. Logical angles like 0°, 30°, 60° or 90° are
to be preferred to an angle like 18,21,40 etc. They are usually equi-spaced
If sectioned parts are adjacent to each other, it is normal to cross hatch in different orientations
(+ and -45°) or if the same orientation is used, to use double lines or to stagger the lines.
If large areas are to be sectioned the outside regions and regions with details are hatched
rather the whole component.
A section view only gets hatching where the section plane cuts through the solid material .
If there is a hollow inside the part, those areas of the section view should not be hatched, and the
features inside should be visible
When sections are taken of long parts such as ribs, webs, spokes of wheels and the like, it is
normally the convention to leave them unsectioned and therefore no cross-hatch lines are used.
The reason for this is that the section is usually of a long form such that if it were hatched it
would give a false impression of rigidity and strength. For this reason too parts like;fasteners e.g.
nuts , bolts and washers when they are sectioned should not be hatched. Other parts that should
not bear the hatch line include: spindles, keys, pins, studs, ball races and needles
When there is a need to dimension internal features;Never use hidden detail line for
dimensioning
Cutting Plane Lines
Represent the cutting plane through a part ,The cutting plane line is capped on the ends with
arrowheads that show direction of sight of the sectional
TYPES OF SECTIONS
1.Full section: This is given by sectioning the component through the Centre, where by the
cutting plain divides the components into two halves,The sectional diagram shows the view of
the cross section area of the component after half of it has been removed,
below is an example of a full section(in this case a full front section)
2.Half Section
A quarter of the component is removed and half of the itis hatched
– Generally used on symmetrically shaped parts – Creates a convenient “Inside Outside” View –
The cutting plane can be omitted if the section view is directly projected
Offset section
Offset Section views bend the cutting plane at right angles to pass through the desired internal
features
Removed section;
A section through a part of a component can be removed and shown out side the component
without aligning with the cutting plane but labeling for identification
Revolved sections
They are cross sections of an elongated form or object rotated toward the plane of projection to
show its shape or contour ,All features at a foreshortened angle are rotated in the view to lie on
the cutting plane.
Drop a cutting plane perpendicular to the axis of the object and revolve the plane 90-degrees
around a centerline and at a right angle to the axis.
Revolved sections are an efficient method to show the cross sectional shape of ribs, spokes, or
arms, where a regular section view would be difficult to display – Centerlines are used to
indicate the cutting plane
.
Broken out sections
A broken-out section view cuts away a portion of an assembly in a drawing view to expose
the inside. Cross hatching is automatically generated on the sectioned faces of all components.
A broken-out section is part of an existing drawing view, not a separate view.
Broken-out sections are used to show certain internal features of a part without drawing another
view . The cutting plane is usually not shown .The desired section area is simply “Torn”
away,The depth of the section is assumed to be the center of the part unless otherwise indicated,
Generally, webs, ribs and spokes are not hatched even though the cutting plane cuts through
them, a ,b and c are example of broken out sections
(b)
(a)
Below figure shows an adapter and its broken section view
(c)
KEY THINGS IN ASSEMBLING DETAILS OF A COMPONENT
(i)Check for the following:-
Names/types of the exploded components. e.g .base ,column, body, screw set, spindle,
bracket ,frame, pin ,handle etc
The features on the particular components; similar features are found on those
components that are either close or mating parts, for instance internal and external thread,
curves that seem to be as a continuation etc
Shapes and sizes :these are major determinant in regard to where a component fits in
most cases component in assembly drawing are drawn with a press fit not clearance
which means ,external measurement on one component equals internal measurement of
another
(ii)Study each component separately to understand its view .major components are commonly
given in two or the three views, these views exposes more details and measurements to guide
on assembly.
(iii)Determine from the given views the angle in which the component are given, in that way it
will be easy to carry the correct view into assembly
(iv)Assembly other details on either a frame, a base, a column, a body etc or the major part of
that component.
(v)Assemble like views, in most cases front views are the best to use in assembling ;therefore
carry the views of other components and draw them on the viw of the major component
making sure the measurements blend in well or marry so well such that it look like a
continuation
(vi)Front view /end view /plan will show all the component including the hidden details
(vii)Sectional views will not show any hidden detail.
