Purpose
To provide a level surface capable of supporting
occupants of building, equipment/furniture,
partitions, etc.
Satisfy :
Adequate strength and safety
Adequate fire resistance
Sound insulation
Damp resistance
Thermal insulation
Floors resting directly on ground: ground floors
Floors of each storey, above ground level: upper
floors
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Components of a Floor
Sub-floor: base course or floor bas
gives proper support to floor covering
do not settle
Floor covering: flooring material
Materials for construction
Cement concrete
Lime concrete
Stones
Bricks
Wooden blocks
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Selection of Flooring Material
Initial cost
Appearance
Cleanliness
Durability
Damp resistance
Sound insulation
Thermal insulation
Fire resistance
Smoothness
Hardness
Maintenance
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Mud Flooring
Cheap, Hard, Impervious, easy to construct and
maintain
Good thermal insulator
Over a well prepared ground, 25 cm moist earth is
spread.
Layer is compacted to 15 cm thickness
To prevent cracks due to drying, chopped straw is
mixed with moist earth
cement cow-dung is spread on the top
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Muram Flooring
Muram is a form of disintegrated rock with binding
material
15 cm thick muram is laid over prepared subgrade
Over it, 2.5 cm thick fine/powdered muram is
spread and water is sprinkled
Surface is rammed, and saturated with 6 mm thin
film of water
The surface is rubbed with thin paste of wow dung
and rammed for two days
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Brick Flooring
Cheap. Suitable to: ware-houses, stores, godowns
Method 1: Subgrade is compacted properly, and 7.5
cm thick sand layer is placed
Over this, course of bricks is laid in mortar
Over this, brick flooring is laid in 13 mm thick bed
of mortar.
Method 2: 10 to 15 cm thick mortar is placed over
the prepared subgrade
Over this, bricks are laid on edge on 12 mm thick
mortar.
Herring bone fashion is prepared in brick flooring
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Flag stone Flooring
Flag stone is any laminated sand stone available in
2 to 4 cm thickness
Available in the form of stone slabs
Sub soil is properly compacted, and 10 to 15 cm
thick lime/cement concrete is laid
Over this, 20 to 25 cm thick layer of bed mortar is
placed
Stone slabs are laid on mortar base
Work is started from diagonally opposite corners
and brought up from
Mortar in the joints is raked (15 to 20 mm) and
then pointed
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Cement Concrete Flooring
Cheap, durable, and easy to construct
Consists of: base concrete and wearing surface
Can be laid monolithically (good bond) or non-
monolithically (no cracks, fast progress)
Base coarse is 7.5 to 10 cm thick
Lean concrete ([Link] or [Link]) is used for base
Toping consists of cement concrete panels of size
1x2; 2x2; 1x2 m
Topping concrete: [Link] (usually 4 cm)
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Terrazo Flooring
Terrazo is a specially prepared surface containing
white/grey cement and marble chips (1:1.25 to 1:2)
Very decorative and has good weathering
properties
Marble chips vary from 3 to 6 mm
Base preparation: same as for cement concrete
flooring
Aluminum or glass strips are used to divide the
area into suitable panels
Top layer has 40 mm thickness (34 mm cement
concrete [Link] and 6 mm terrazo topping)
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Mosaic Flooring
Mosaic is made of small pieces of broken tiles of
china glazed, or cement, or marble
The pieces are cut to desired shape and size
Concrete base is prepared as in cement concrete
flooring
Over the base, 5 to 8 cm thick lime surkhi mortar is
placed and spread
On this, 3 mm cementing material is placed and
dried for 4 hours
Then mosiacs are arranged in different pattern and
hammered into cementing layer
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Tiled Flooring
Constructed from square/hexagonal tiles made of
clay, cement concrete or terrazo
Method of laying is similar to flag stone flooring
Over the concrete base, 25 to 30 mm thick mortar
is placed, and hardened for 12 to 24 hours
Cement slurry is spread over the bedding mortar
and the tiles are laid flat over it.
Joints in tiles were grooved with cement slurry of
same colour shade
Flooring is cured for 7 days
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Marble Flooring
Superior type of flooring
Base is prepared as that for a cement concrete
flooring
Over the base, 20 mm thick mortar is laid
Over this, marble slab is laid and gently pressed
with wooden mallet and levelled
Paved area is cured for about a week
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Timber Flooring
Used for carpentry halls, dancing halls,
auditoriums, etc.
Slightly costlier
DPC layer is to be introduced below flooring
Can be suspended or solid type
Flooring consists of boarding supported on bridging
or floor joists of timber
Wooden block flooring is laid over it
Nailing strips are provided to support wooden
blocks
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