3RD CHECKING

GENERAL ENERGY BALANCE

W s+ Wm

12
Wa W s+ Wm
Boiler
Furnace
Wg
Grate
W f

Wref
Ash Pit

Schematic Diagram of Boiler Energy Balance

Engr. JD Ganotisi 1
1. FUEL ( QF )

( W s + W m ) ( h1 − h 12)
Wf =
ηB ( Q h )
Fuel supplied ( W f )

where:
‫ח‬B = Boiler efficiency yield to (65 to 90) % G, say use 85 %
Given
W S = Steam supplied = 14.934 KG / s

From Power Plant Engineering BY Morse p.127 Table 5-4

Analysis of Typical Fuel, select

Engr. JD Ganotisi 2
Fuel No. 6 Semi− Bituminous
kJ
Q h = 32,789. 47 ; From Combustion of Fuel
Kg

From Steam Table Saturated pressure ( Table 2 )

KJ
At P 1 = 8. 5 MPa ; h 1 = h g at P 1 = 2750 . 25
Kg
KJ
h 12 = h f at t 12 = 199 0 C = 847 . 94
kg

Engr. JD Ganotisi 3
 ( W s + W m ) ( h1 − h12 )
Wf = ; but W m = 0. 020 W S
ηB ( Q h )
1. 02 W S ( h 1 − h 12 ) 1 . 02 ( 14 . 934 ) ( 2750 . 25 − 847 . 94 )
= =
ηB ( Q h ) 0. 85 ( 32,789 . 47 )
Kg
= 1. 040
s
KJ
Q f = W f X Q h = 1. 040 X 32,789. 47 = 34,091. 22 Energy − in
s

2. AIR ( Q AIR )

kg air
W a =W f ( r air −fuel ) = 1 .040 ( 11 . 6145 ) = 12 . 076
s
r air-fuel – Fuels and combustion

Engr. JD Ganotisi 4
From Psychrometric Chart at Philippine Condition
KJ
t t b 1 = 32 0 C = t 18 ; h 18 = 62 at entrance
kg
kg W V
t w b = 21 0 C ; SH 18 = 0 . 0112
Kg d a
KJ
t t b 2 = 40 0 C = t 17 ; h 17 = 70 at exit
kg

See Psychrometric value

Engr. JD Ganotisi 5
Engr. JD Ganotisi 6
3. MAKE-UP WATER ( Q m ) (Economizer)

Solving for make up water , W m ; 2 % (rule of thumb ) W S

Kg
W m = 0 . 02 W S = ( 0. 02 ) ( 14 . 934 ) = 0. 2987
s
KJ
hW = h f at 20 0 C = 83 . 96 from Saturated Temperature, Table 1
kg
Q m = W m h W = 0 . 2987 ( 83 . 96 ) = 25 . 08 KJ Energy − in
s

Therefore :

Q T = Energy in = Q Fuel + Q air + Q m

KJ
= 34,091. 22 + 748 . 69 + 25 . 08 = 34,864 . 98
S

Engr. JD Ganotisi 7
TABULATION: GENERAL HEAT BALANCE ( ENERGY – IN )

ENERGY IN KJ / S % ( x 100% )
a. FUEL 34,091.22 97.781 %
b. AIR 748.69 2.147 %
MAKE-UP WATER 25.08 0.072 %
34,864.98 100.000 %

General heat balance (ENERGY OUT)

KJ
1. Output = 11 MW = 11,000 Energy − out
S
2. Condenser ( Q COND )

Engr. JD Ganotisi 8
 Ws - X3 - X 6 - X 7

8' 20
X

19
9 X

Ws - X 3 - X 6 - X 7

Condenser Heat Balance

Engr. JD Ganotisi 9
 Q COND = (( W S − X 3 − X 6 − X 7 ) − X ) ( h 8 ' − h g )
= ( W S ( 1 − 0 . 05 − 0 . 06 − 0 . 08 ) ) − X ) ( h 8 ' − h g )
= ( 0 .81 ( 14 . 93 ) ) − X ) ( 2310 . 40 − 231 .56 )
= ( 0. 81 W S − X ) ( 2078 . 84 )
See 1st checking
Allowable heat used for cooling condenser is 40% of total heat
input by the system.
0 . 40 Q T = Q COND
0 . 40 ( 34,864 . 98 ) = ( 0 . 81 W S − X ) ( 2078 .84 )
0 . 40 ( ( 34,864 . 98 )
X = 0 . 81 ( 14 . 93 ) − = 5 . 39
2078 .84

Engr. JD Ganotisi 10
 Q COND = ( 0 . 81 ) ( 14 . 93 ) − 5 . 39 ) ( 2078 .84 )
KJ
=13,945 . 99 Energy−out
s
3 FLUE GAS ( Q FG )

Engr. JD Ganotisi 11
 Wa D
18
Air
Preheater
Wa
17 C
16 W m

Economizer 15 Wm
B
2 Ws
Superheater

1
Ws A

Boiler
Furnace
Grate
Stack
Ash Pit

Schematic diagram for energy balance analysis

Engr. JD Ganotisi 12
 From PPE by Morse page 310
Fig . 10−13 Heat Absorption of water wall
0 0
Ranges from 815 C to 1370 C
USE = 950 0 C
a) SUPERHEATER ( QS )
t gB
tgA
Wg

B tgB
2 Ws θmax
Superheater

Ws 1 θmin
A
t gA ts2
Wg ts1

super heater (counter flow)

Engr. JD Ganotisi 13
Q SUPERHEATER = W S ( h 2 − h 1 ) = 14 . 93 ( 3264 . 40 − 2750. 25 )
KJ
= 7,678 .38
S
r g f = 12 . 6145 from Combustion
Kg flue gas
Wg=W f ( r g f ) = 1 . 040 ( 12 . 614 ) = 13 . 115
S
C g = Specific heat of flue gαs
Kcal KJ KJ
= 0 .25 ( 4 . 187 ) = 1. 05
Kg − K Kcal Kg − K

QS = Qg = W g C g ( tg A − tgB )
7,678 . 38 = 13 . 115 ( 1. 05 ) ( 950 − t g B )
t g B = 391 . 09 0 C

Engr. JD Ganotisi 14
2. ECONOMIZER ( Q m )
t gC
Wg

C 15 Wm

Economizer Wm
16
B
t gB

Wg

ECONOMIZER HEAT BALANCE

Engr. JD Ganotisi 15
 Q m = ( h 15 − h 16 )
0 KJ
h 16 = h f at 20 C = 83 .96
Kg
h 15 = h f at 100 0 C from Steam Table 1
KJ Kg
= 419 .04 ; W m = 0. 2987
kg S
Constant ambient temp of water
By Energy Balance
Qm=Qg
0 .2987 ( 419 .04 − 83 . 96 ) = 13. 12 ( 391. 09 − t gC )
0
t gC = 383 . 81 C
KJ
Q m = 0 . 2987 ( 419 .04 − 83 . 96 ) = 100 .08
S

Engr. JD Ganotisi 16
3. AIR – PREHEATER ( FLUE GAS )

Engr. JD Ganotisi 17
From Psychrometric Chart at Philippine Condition
KJ
t t b 1 = 32 0 C = t 18 ; h 18 = 62 at entrance
kg
KJ
t t b 2 = 40 0 C = t 17 ; h 17 = 70 at exit
kg
t gD
Wg

Wa D
18
Air
Preheater
Wa
17 C
t gC

Wg

Engr. JD Ganotisi 18
Air Pre−heater mass balance
Q AIR = Q GAS
W a ( h 17 − h 18 ) = 13 . 12 ( 1 . 05 ) ( 383 . 81 − t g D )
12 . 08 ( 70 − 62 ) = 13 .74 ( 383 . 81 − t g D )
t g D = 376 .78 0 C
KJ
Q a = 13 . 74 ( 383 . 81 − 376 .78 ) =96 . 60
S

Therefore
Q flue−gas = W g C g ( t g D − t d b ) but t d b = 32 0 C
= 13 . 12 ( 1 .05 ) ( 376 . 78 − 32 )
KJ
= 4,736 . 65 Energy − Out
S

Engr. JD Ganotisi 19
4. BLOWDOWN (QB D )
Q b d = W m ( h1 )
= 0 .2987 ( 2750 . 25 )
KJ
Q bd = 821. 45 Energy Out
S
5. REFUSE (QREF. )

W b d = W ref ( Q h )
Ash 0 . 0844
W ref = = = 0. 1055
0 . 80 0 . 80
KJ
Q ref = 0 . 1055 ( 32,789. 47 ) = 3,459 .29 Energy Out
S

Engr. JD Ganotisi 20
6. LOSSES (QLOSS )
Q Loss = Q T − In − Q1 to 5
KJ
= 34,864 . 98 − 33,963 . 38 = 901 . 60 Energy Out
S
TABULATION:
ENERGY OUT KJ / S % LIMIT ( x 100% )
1. OUTPUT 11,000.00 20% = 31.55 %
2. CONDENSER 13,945.99 40% = .40.00 %
3. FLUE GAS 4,736.65 30% = 13.59 %
4. BLOWDOWN 821.45 30% = 2.36 %
5. REFUSE 3,459.29 30% = 9.92 %
6. LOSSES 901.60 10% = 2.59 %
ENERGY IN 34,864.98 100.00%

Engr. JD Ganotisi 21