General Biology 1
Rojielynne T. Yusay 12 – Aquinas
What I Know
1. D
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. B
7. D
8. D
9. D
10. B
11. D
12. D
13. A
14. D
15. D
What’s In
Activity 1. Know Me Well
What’s New
Activity 2. Have You Heard Me Right?
Activity 3. Paint Me Up
What is It
Table 2. Distinguishing Parts of Light Reactions
Photosystem II Photosystem I
Location Inner surface of Outer surface of
thylakoid thylakoid
Reactants Light energy, Light energy
water
Product/s Oxygen, ATP NADPH
Source of electron Water PSII
Types of chlorophyll pigment that Pair of pigment Pair of pigment
receives electron at the reaction 680 (P680) 700 (P700)
center
Table 3. Distinguishing Cyclic and Non-cyclic Electron Flow
Linear/ Non-cyclic Electron Flow Cyclic Electron Flow
Both PSI and PSII are involved Only PSI is involved
Photolysis of water is required Water is not required
Oxygen is released No oxygen is released
ATP and NADPH is synthesized Only ATP but not NADPH is
synthesized
What’s More
1. 2
2. 4
3. 7
4. 1
5. 5
6. 9
7. 3
8. 8
9. 6
What I have Learned
1. Why does the lumen (interior of thylakoid) become positively
charged during the light-dependent reactions? Explain.
The light-dependent reactions' overall goal is to transform solar
energy into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP. The Calvin
cycle will use this chemical energy to fuel the construction of sugar
molecules.
The light-dependent reactions start in a photosystem, which is a
collection of pigment molecules and proteins. In the membranes of
thylakoids, there are two photosystems (Photosystem I and II). The basic
structure of both photosystems is the same: numerous antenna proteins
to which chlorophyll molecules are linked surround the reaction center,
which is where the photochemistry takes place. The light-harvesting
complex serves each photosystem by transferring energy from the sun to
the reaction center. It is made up of several antenna proteins that carry a
mixture of 300–400 chlorophyll a and b molecules, as well as other
pigments such as carotenoids. A photon of light travels until it reaches a
chlorophyll pigment molecule. An electron in chlorophyll becomes
“excited” as a result of the photon. The electron is given enough energy
to break loose from one of the chlorophyll molecule's atoms. As a result,
chlorophyll is said to "give" one electron. Any chlorophyll molecule that
absorbs a single photon, or a discrete quantity or "packet" of light, is
pushed into an excited state. In short, biological molecules have now
caught light energy, but it has not yet been stored in any useful form. The
energy is transmitted from chlorophyll to chlorophyll until it reaches the
reaction center (after about a millionth of a second). Only energy, not
electrons, has been transmitted between molecules up to this point.
A molecule of water is split to replace the electron in the
chlorophyll. In the thylakoid space, these splitting releases two electrons,
resulting in the production of oxygen (O2) and two hydrogen ions (H+).
The electron is replaced, allowing chlorophyll to respond to another
photon. By product, oxygen molecules depart the leaf through the
stomata and find their way into the surrounding environment.
2. How does ATP Synthase produce ATP?
On the inside of the matrix, the ATP synthase (F1-ATPase) is
connected to the Fo protein. The protons flowing into the matrix are used
by ATP synthase to bind ADP and Pi and release ATP. When isolated from
mitochondria and hence uncoupled from the proton gradient, the F1-
ATPase catalyzes the reverse reaction.
3. How do the electron change when sunlight excites electron in
chlorophyll?
When chlorophyll a absorbs light energy, an electron gains energy
and is 'excited. The excited electron is transferred to another molecule
(called a primary electron acceptor). The chlorophyl molecule is oxidized
(loss of electron) and has a positive charge. Photoactivation of chlorophyll
a result in the splitting of water molecules and the transfer of energy to
ATP and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP).
What I Can Do
1. Name of plant: Golden Pothos
2. Description:
The Pothos, or the Epipremnum aureum, is native to Southeast
Asia. It has the reputation of being one of the easiest houseplants to take
care of. Its common name, Pothos, comes from the genus it was once
classified under: Pothos aureus.
There are a few different cultivars of the Pothos you can look out for
to adorn your home with, including the Golden Pothos which is known for
its heart-shaped green leaves with variegation in yellow. The Jade
pothos which has dark green, vibrant leaves, and the Marble Pothos that
bares green leaves with white variegation.
In the wild, it is known to overgrow forest floors and tree
trunks due to its aerial root system which can be used to help it grow
vertically in the home up a coir pole. In good indoor conditions, you can
expect the Pothos to trail to 10 feet long and grow leaves that are 3 feet
in length if trained to climb! The Pothos is particularly fitting for indoor
settings because it is able to filter gaseous toxins like formaldehyde from
the air.
3. Why is it important for your health to have plants in your
bedroom? (Note: please refer to the rubrics below)
Plants in my bedroom can do more than just brighten up my
shelves. They can also improve my mood, raise my creativity, decrease
my stress, boost my productivity, naturally filter air contaminants, and
much more.
Many of us are unaware of the significance of air quality. Toxins like
formaldehyde and benzene can often be found in our homes' insulation,
paint, and furniture, polluting our indoor air. I'm considering putting
plants in my room to help filter the air in our house. Through the pores in
their leaves, plants can absorb dangerous gases, purifying and cleansing
the air I breathe every day.
4. Draw and preferably color your bedroom-potted plant the way
it looks like.
Assessment
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. C
6. A
7. A
8. C
9. D
10. A
11. A
12. C
13. D
14. A
15. D
Additional Activities
