CATE OF EDUCATION DEVEL' Bee uy Ges a MSEC 2012 ~ehts reserved no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrievable system, =susmitiod in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise ion of the copyright owner. e out prior permisFOREWORD (Tes = Sc sccoad series of the Zimbabwe School Examinations Comeil Question and Answer ‘Bookle's at the Advanced Level of the General Certificate of Education, The booklet is made up ‘of question papers ang suggested answers for past examinations. The Council liopes that the booklet will help both teachers and students in their preparation for examinations,AS =e ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL General Certificate of Education Advanced Level CHEMISTRY 9189/1 PAPER | TUNE 2009 SESSION hours Additional materia’ ‘Answer paper Data Booklet ‘Mathematical tables und'or electeonig calenator TIME: 2hours ENSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES St your name, Centre nomber and candidate aumber in the spaces provided om the answer eper/answer booklet. x six questions, =wot two questions (tur Section A, one question from Scetion B, two questions thom Section C ‘s=¢ one other question chosen from any section. your answers on the separate answer pape: provided. ai use more than one sheet pes, fasten tae shoots together. S\FORMATION FOR CANDIDATES sumber of marks is given in brackets [ Jat the end of each question or part question, sare reminded of the need for good English and cleat presentation in your answers. This question paper consisis of 8 priuted pages. Copyright: Zimbabwe School Examinarion Council, J2009. a [Turn overSection A Answer at feast two questions from this section. 1 fa) Define pl hn (b) — Caleulare the pH of a miature of equal volumes of 0.1 moldmn” aqueous cthanoic acid and 0.1 moldny® aqueous sodium ethanoate. (pK,= 4.74 for ethannic acid) By = S (©) Explain why the following aqueous solutions have the given pl values. (Iron (111) ebloride pH =3 (i) Porassium sulphate pH = 7 (ii) Potassium carbonate pH 9 - 11 3) (@) ‘The following data shows how pH changes when LOcns? of aqueous ethanoic acid is titrated with 0. Imoldm” sodium hydroxide. Volume of O.lmoldm® J. | | j ~~ NaQHifem! 0.0 | 1.0 |2.0 a [eo 10 |80 85 | 10.0] 140 pH 29 |a |43 4715.2 |5.5 | 64] 2] 120 oa () Plot titration curve using these results. BI (i) State the pH range for the endpoil ics] iii) Calculate the initial concentration of ethannie acid. [21 {Total: 12} 2 (a) ‘What do you understand by the term standard electrode potential? 2) (h] Draw a well-labelled diagram of a copper half cell connected toa standard hydrogen electrode. 5] (©) Write an equation for the cell in (b) und calculate the cell potential (B?.1) {2} (@) What is the composition and use of the salt bridge? (21 ; 99991132009m el. (©) Calculate the emf Zor the following cell. fi} (Total: 12} (a) What do you understand by the following terms? @ Order of reaction (H) Rete determining sep 1 *(b) In three different experiments A,B and C, the following rates of reaction ‘were measured for the hydrolysis of I-bromoburane at 60°C. C,H,Br + QH ——>C,H,OH + Br } initial conc/moidm™ | initial rate of Experiment decrease of OH CoHioBr on eone/moldin?s" A OL 01 110% B 0.2 a2 Ax i0% c 26 | os 1x 108 @® The results suggest that the reaction is first order with respect to each reactant, Explain this finding. 2 (ii) Give the rate equation, and overall order of the reaction, (2) (iil) Calculate the rate constant and give its units. 2y (iy) Name the type of reaction undergone by 1-bromobutane. uy () — Give thereaction mechanism involved. Oy (vi) Explain the importance of the kinetic deta in determining the mechanism, (2) (Total: 12} ison a9 [Turn overSection B Answer at least one question from this section. The graph gives a trend in melting points of period three elements Na Mg Al Si Blemont ‘Explain the trend inthe melting points of these elements in terms of structure and bonding, {a With the oid of equstions, describe how sodium and magnesitun react with water. Tse of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. Explain the wend observed in the first ionisation energies of sodium and magnesium. [Totek: Group TV elements carbon, silicon, tin and lead all form chlorides with he formula KCl. (@) Comment on the molecular shepe, physical sate at mom tempersiure, volbtility, structure and bonding of this group of compounds. (@) Wit the aid of equations, explain the hydrolysis of COIs end SiCla (©) Use equations to account for the acid/base character ofthe oxides cf ead. [Total sitar 2008Section C Answer at leaxt five yuestions from this section. = —-Amorganie compound has a molecular formula of C4Hy. ; (2) Give the structural formulae of the four isomeric alkenes of this vorapound, a] (6) Which of these structures are cis and trans isomers? 2] (© The four compounds are reacted with steam to produce alcohols, () Give the three dimensional structures of a pair of optically active alcohols among the products. 2] Gi) State the conditions for this reaction. [1] Gil) One of the alcohols is oxidised to a compound which reacts with Fehlings’ solution to give a reddish-brown solid. 1 What type of alcohol is oxidised this way, and what kind of ! ' organic compound is formed? val ' | 2 Suggest a reagent and condition for the oxidation. Uy [Toual: 12} {a = {4 | ; 2 Fotal: 12] ; ’ / ay 7 (a [Yotal: 12) : aise 2009 [Turn over6 (@) State and explain the acid-base nature of amines and amides. (e) Giving reasons, compare the basic strength of ammonia, pherylamine and etaylamine (© The polymer Kevlac can be produced from 3-aminobenzoic avid. 3 amino benzoie acid cooH ‘NH, What type of seaction would produe this polymes? i Draw two repeat units of Kevlar. fa] ‘What kind of linkege is present in this polymer? tl Give the struetares formed by 3-aminoberzoie acid in acid and in. basic conditions. 22) [Total: 12) ‘1898 3709Identidy aay tive fumetional groups on this molecule, Give all possisle coaditions und structural formulae of the organic products formed when X reacts with @ Bromine, Gi) potassium manganate (VIL). {10} [Totd: 12} iar saneZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF HDUCATION ADVANCED LEVIEL MARKING SCHEME JUNE 2009 9189/1—logiol!t"| bacils pao lod ey [a.08) (605) 4.74 ~ log 174-0 474 [Fe(f,O}g > [Fe(Hz0)s0H |" H* (aq)/ Highly charged Fe* polarises water molecule to release HT ion; KS0. is a salt of a strong acid and strong base. KCO. MO + COR HCOs(aqy + OM can / COR" ts a weak baseI) {] jease fl Iq + Oven) tt] * PACH Scale + labels (1) plot-all points (1) Curve () 2 4 6 g 10 12 14 Volume of 0.1 moldm? NaOl/em? (3) (i) pH range for the end point 64-112 t] (iii) Endpoint at 8.2 om’ of 0.1 moldm™ NaOH - iat Co CH,COOH + NiO —> cH,cot Net + H,0 ex vol | O01 x 82 Moles NaOIt = = (000 3000 0.82 x 10° moles 0)oa2x 198 a0 conc. of ethancic acid 0.082 mold? Il Total: 12] (2) The potential difference (emf measured al 298K between the standard hydragen electrode and the elecirade system in which reacting species in solution are at molar concentration. 2 (aeticen @) definition (1) (©) Cu ag + Hay Cue + 24%, —_Withold the mark if state symbols are wrong) (1) Era-Ecxis = 034-00 +0.34V Salt brdee Iis a piece of filter paper soaked in saturated KNOs or KCH! any neutral salt [1it) a Is [12 otal: (12) Completes the circuitiallows flow of ions (without any chemical reactions occurring) / Prevents polarisation of electrodes /AV! Reaction: Znjgy + Fea? *,+ —> Zniagi* + Fors) + 0.77 -0.44= +0.33V i Totat: [12] Qrder of rezction: {sum of) the powers to which the reactant concentrations’ are raised in the rate equation th rate determining step The slowest step ina reaction mechanism. comparing B and G Reducing [0/7] by a quarter reduces initial rate by a quarter, («lstorderwrt 01 VAW i Gomparing A and € Doubling [CPy>Ch AW Salvage Marks: 1 mark if ell bonding but no structure 1 merk if al! structures no bonding Sodium reacts violently with water af room temparature: 2Nayy + 2 Quy + BNO yaya) magnesium reacts quickly with steam and slowly with cold weter,/ only with steam: Macs + HyDiiy & MQQcg3 + Hae} ft] AH,Mg > AHNa 5 i because of increase in effective nuclear charge; [4] Total: 142] Molecular shape tetrahedral, Physical state at room temperature allare liquids Volatility Compounds have low boiling points which increase on going down the group/volalility decreases down the group (1 Structure and bonding All have simple covalent molecules (held together by week Van der Waals forces)Phosphoric acd catalyst 300° - 300°C (Pressure 60 - 70 atm) Gi) 4 Primary alcohol (? aldehyde (1) @: Cr?O3- [HT or 01207 |H" warm (50° - 60°C) Total: (12] =) Amines are bases, whereas amides are not (1) 4 amid carbonyl group withdraws electrons from the NH group. (+ available pair on N is not readily avaliable for protonation.) (1) amine: lone pair of electrons on the N is localised on the N, -: available for protonation, hence basic. tt] ©) onder of basic strength: it ethylamine~ammonta>phenylamine i gthylamine: The ethyl group has an electron releasing inductive effect, (making the lone pair on the N more available for protonation .. very basic}: [1] phenylamine: ‘The electron withdrawing effect by the ring (makes the lone pair of electrons less available) /lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen Gelocalises into the ring. -- less bavic; [1Phosphoric acd catalyst 300° - 300°C (Pressure 60 - 70 atm) Gi) 4 Primary alcohol (? aldehyde (1) @: Cr?O3- [HT or 01207 |H" warm (50° - 60°C) Total: (12] =) Amines are bases, whereas amides are not (1) 4 amid carbonyl group withdraws electrons from the NH group. (+ available pair on N is not readily avaliable for protonation.) (1) amine: lone pair of electrons on the N is localised on the N, -: available for protonation, hence basic. tt] ©) onder of basic strength: it ethylamine~ammonta>phenylamine i gthylamine: The ethyl group has an electron releasing inductive effect, (making the lone pair on the N more available for protonation .. very basic}: [1] phenylamine: ‘The electron withdrawing effect by the ring (makes the lone pair of electrons less available) /lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen Gelocalises into the ring. -- less bavic; [1ammonia H atom has no electron donating or withdrawing effect; rn) condensation polymerisation (i cei AN oe [O[G» bx fo) Y yw (a) alkene ; hyctoxyl group — OH; ©} Reactions with bromine 1. With bromine alone {also either in aqueous or in organic solvent) (1)tf) ta 1] 39) . i al a a Br, tuy light Product (Free radical substitation) Br, + Fe / FeBr, catalyst Product Ct Note = Look for addition and substitution on the circled part) Resction with KMn2, 1 With cold dilute (alkaline) KMn0, R (11 ul 1 "Boil under reflux, acidified KMn0,/not conc. Mnoz ProgugtsCandidate Number Centre Number > ih) ® ABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL General Certificate of Education Advanced Level TRY 9189/2 Mnoz {Al JUNE 2009 SESSION L hour 15 simites -zswer on the question paper. saterials Des Booklet Macmstical Tables ander Caloslater 7 J Sour 15 minutes IONS TO CANDIDATES FOR EXAMINER'S USE same, Centre nuniber and candidate umber in top of this page. 1 sa questions. nswers in the speces provided on the question ON FOR CANDIDATES cof marks is given ix brackets [ Jat the end of on or part question. 5 ~ “This quesiion paper consisis of 9 printed pages and 3 blank pages. Copyright: Zimbabwe Schoo! Bxaminatians Council, 12008. {Turn overThe Bern-Haber cycle belo ’ for the formation of magnesium chloride is not drawn to scale, Mig 28+ Cy -+736kjmol? Muy * Chy A +146ehnor" My + Che AB! =-2502 kimol" Give the name of the following enthalpy changes. @ 4H AHS @ Calculate the standard enthalpy change of formation of magnesium,3 From similar Born-Huber aycles of MuC! and MgC, the following information was obtained. Standard enthalpy of formation of MgCii, =kImol = —100 Standard enthalpy of formation of MgCl) = +4000 @ Compare the energetic stabilities of MeCie, MeCla., and MgCl with respect lo their constituent elements Use the value of the stancard enthalpy changes of formation of MpCljand MgClzgyto calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction. 2MgCh, —> MgClya + Mey av cay [Turn over3 From similar Born-Huber aycles of MuC! and MgC, the following information was obtained. Standard enthalpy of formation of MgCii, =kImol = —100 Standard enthalpy of formation of MgCl) = +4000 @ Compare the energetic stabilities of MeCie, MeCla., and MgCl with respect lo their constituent elements Use the value of the stancard enthalpy changes of formation of MpCljand MgClzgyto calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction. 2MgCh, —> MgClya + Mey av cay [Turn over(b) — A2 ggas sample at 45,5 °C occupied 1000 em? of space in a container ar pressure $0.6 kPa @ Calculate the number of moles of the gas, Gi) Deternaine the relative motecular mass of the gas. (©) @)_. Plot the curves t» show the behaviour of he gasses Krypton and ethancic acid vapour on the pV against ¥’ graph below. pv (i) Explain the behaviour of each gas, 2) [Fotat: 10)ainer at Pi [2] & @ Gi Gin 5 Define ionisation energy. Welle an equation to show the second ionization energy of sodium, Using relevant information from the Data Booklet, explain the relative magnitude of the following. 1 ‘The second ionization energies of magnesium and aluminium, 2 The third and fourth ionization energies of aluminium, 199 sano 1 221 2] [Lurn over |(b) @ Consider the electron affinities for oxyyen given below. Electron affinity/KImol-1 Fisst | ‘Second | waz) tee | | eh (i) Write equations for the first and second elvotron affinities of oxygen. (i) Hxolain the relative magnilade of the first and second cJectron affinities of oxygen. pI ii) Given the endothermic nature of the second clectton affinity ‘ofoxygen, comment an the energetic stability of ionic metal oxides. i 2 FTotal: 12} Explain the following observations as fully as you can () sodium chloride has # high melting point stave on08 f)(b) @ Consider the electron affinities for oxyyen given below. Electron affinity/KImol-1 Fisst | ‘Second | waz) tee | | eh (i) Write equations for the first and second elvotron affinities of oxygen. (i) Hxolain the relative magnilade of the first and second cJectron affinities of oxygen. pI ii) Given the endothermic nature of the second clectton affinity ‘ofoxygen, comment an the energetic stability of ionic metal oxides. i 2 FTotal: 12} Explain the following observations as fully as you can () sodium chloride has # high melting point stave on08 f)2] o — 2) pal: 12] (4) Giamond does not dissolve in water. Give one similarity and one difference between ametullic and an ionic ond, sus awe | mene, EL Flotal: 8) (Turn over”@ ‘A standard hydrogen electrode and another half cell consisting of copper tod dipring into aqueous copper sulphave solution of concentration 1.00 moi/dmn linked by a salt bridge to foun an electrochemical cel. Draw the diagram of the cell. Lube! on the diagram the positive and acgative terminals. ‘What is the function of the salt bridge? Write down the reaction whieh takes place when acurrent is drawn fromm the cell, crise 200i ®) @ Gi) Gay w@ 9 ‘Write down the conventional representation of the above cell Calculate the E* 44 value of the above cell. State and explain the effect on the cell e.aLof using 2 smaller copper rod. Explain the changes which occur in the conccatration of H’ in the hydrogen haif cell when a current is drawn from the cell. [Total: 10] | 918972 2009 p) ma [Tura overIBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF TDUCATION ADVANCED LEVEL MARKING SCHEME JUNE 2009 9189/2second ionisation energy of magnesium: latiice energy of magnesium chloride: +146 + 736 + 1448 + 242 + (-728) + (-2502); 658k] mol-t; MgCl and MgCl; with negative enthalpy change of formation are more stable with respect fo their constituent’s element: [2] MgCls with postive enthalpy change of formation is unstable with respect to its element. BHM gCDM gt + 5 Claig > Matt) Alf, (MgCl) Mg + laggy > Mallar) pV = nRT; gas particles have mass but no volume; they have no size; there ere no internal forces betwoen the gas; 50.6x 10° Pa 1x 10°m 8.31 318.5K: ORT so6x! BaExsI8S 0.19; = 105.29/Mol: —100kfmol =100K/mol* 1] q (1) iad:tt ey sation ment; [21 nstable @ @ aefrnol* ycjmot™ a) ia (il) tia aq fo) . " a iy i) ai) ionisation anerey is the amount of energy required to remove an @ froma particle (1) Nat igs Nagy +e Hi 1 second ionisation of magnesium and aluminium The second ionisation of magnesium removes the second 3s electron. The second ionisation of aluminium removes 4 3s electron which is more tightly held than those of Mg and A1; because A1 has one more proton than Mg; 2 The third ionisation energy of A1 is required to remove another 3s electron, The fourth ionisation is requifed to remove a 2p electron This is a closer tthe nucteus than the 8s electron. Also it is removed against attraction and this requires = large amount of energy: Lazio [il Uy t EO wi Alt Oey TE 7 Ogi AH = +844k/mol™ tt] Energy is given out when the © atom accept an electror energy must be supplied to force O° to accapt an electren against mutual repulsion; "W The Jattice enthalpy of M* O is high: The energy given out when the latice is formed more thancompensates the energy needed to form O* ions Natiz has a high m.p. due to the presence of a strong ionic Bond tt] Diamond does not dissolve in water due to strong covalent ponds in it which cannot be broken by water molecules Graphite is a lubricant due to the sliding of one layer ever another within the crystal. fe 4.2 dihydroxybenzene forms few intramolecular hydrogen bonds fram 1,4 dihydroxybenzene whicn forms more intermolecular hydrogen bonds ‘Ametallic bond is formed between positively charged ions surrounded by a sea/delacalised electrons with a metal Similarity between metallic bond and ienic bond is aoe mnetallig bond Is between positively charged ions and delosalised electrons, while ionic bonding is between electropositive elernent and electronegative element (ions) [Total‘ Gi) ionic tt alent it E aver (ii) “The salt bridge completes the cirouit/atiows electrons ‘0 i flow from one half cell te he other. Ms roge” GW) Cdl + Haig) 7 Cte + BH ew io) i ®) 8 Hlgigy /PtigyHldy 8 Curfgas /Cuets) ity ged ions (i) 0.94 ia) metal t Gi) This will nct affect the 2.m. . - necause concentation of sola phases 1s constant = [2] ions‘and Bs benwsey Ge) [Hi] increases, a8 Hey) 18 tumed to Hag 2 ye element sawed : (Toiat: 14] [Total: 7IBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL General Certificate of Education Advanced Level CHEMISTRY GABO/E RAPER} NOVEMBER 209 SESSION Dhours SSescrsi materials: ‘wer payer Ds Bowler Mathematical tebles sagior electemic oa bows JONS LO CANTADATES entre number and candidate mumber fp thee scares provided on the answer booklet, iestions, questions from Seution A, ome question from Section B, twe qu westion chosen from any section answers on the soperatc answer paper provi more than one sitet of paper, fasten the sheets together TION FOR CANDIDATES oftmarks is given in brackets [ ] et the end of each-ques joa. of part ques snded of the weed fox good Engtish and clear pre: ation in your g “Fhis question paper conststs of 6 inted pages and 2 Munk pages, Capyright Zimbabwe col Baan 2008, [Tuen overSection A # at least two questions fram this section. wexiumn and silver electrodes is included iy the sarvival tof milano who might ditch in the sea ir produces enough vlectriciy to light « inmp. (Draw a diagram of a vell that can bv set up in a laboratory using these electrodes. ii} Use the Data Booklet to calculute its BY.gvaine. Ifthe mass of the rnagnesium electrode decreases by 0.08 g in 5 minutes when the cel! is in use, decuce the amount of current that would have been generated during this dime. [1 = 96 S000} (iv) Give a reason why this cell weudd not be easy to recharge. One type of a rechargeable battery is the lead-acid avcumulator, in which lead and lead (1V) oxide plates are dipped in sulpharic 2 ‘The relevant electrode reactions are as follows: Poji; +26" — Pb, @. ‘Write an equation to show the reaction thot oceurs when the battery is in use, State two disadvantages of this battery in light of development of electric carsing these = $ ruinutes - ent Bl (Total: 12] 3 Define the term dynamic equilibrium. (2 State two factors that would affect a system in dynamic equilibrium indicating the effect, Gi) Why would 4 catalyst aot cause any effect on such a syslem? 1 An excess of a sparingly soluble solid, M(OH)3, wes added to 200 em? of 0,1 moldm™ KOH. ‘The mixture was shaleen, allowed to reach, equilibrinm at rtp and then filtered 25.0-cm’ of the filtrate was ltrated with 0.2 modmy? HC) of which 18.0 em’ were required to reach the end point. fi) Calculate the number of moles of hydroxide ions in the filtrate. ti) Find the concontration of hydroxide ions in the filtrate which are from M(OF)s, Gil) Hense, deduce the concentration of M’" ions. State what is meant by solubility of substance and hence give the solubility of M(OH), in 0.1 meld KOH, Use your answer to (is) to deduve the Ky value of M(OH)s [8] [Totel: 12] A canister of gas used in gas stoves contains a mixture of butane and propane. Complete combustion of {.0 dm* of this mixture at rtp. gives off 118.08 kJ of heat, [AH (butane) =~3000KImoi" -2280kInol" AH? (propan: ite balanced equations for the complete combustion of each of propane ond butane. @ Gi) Use the given information to determine the percentage by volume of each gas in the mixture. [Turn over() When J.0 drt of the mixture is used 10 heat up weter, 70% of the liberated heat is absorbed by the water. Ittekes 4.2 J of hest to raise the temperate of 1.0 g of water by IK. ) Calculate the maximum volume of water at 22°C that can be boited by 1.0 dm! of the gas. What assumption have you made in the caleulation? Incomplete combustion would result ia the formation of C (Soot) and co. (By using either propane or butane, show how these are produced. (i) State how each of C and CO could be an environmental hazard. [Total: a Section B Answer at least one question fram this section, By means of appropriste equations, show how the relative stab of +2 and +4 oxidation states for oxides and aqueous ions of group 1V elements vary down the group. Explain the observed trend. “Pingiv) iodide can be prepared by refluxing excess granulated tin and iodine in an organic solvent, filtering, off the excess tin and then cooling the “ltmate to erystallise the tin (iv) iodide. {9 Predict the type of bonding, structure ancl shape of tin (iv) iodide. (ii) Suggest two reasons why an organic soiveat is used [Towl: 129) ‘When iodine is wealed with hot aqueous potassiam hydroxide, a colourless solution is fortaed. Addition of concentrated sulphuric acid to the colourless solution causes itt turn red-brown, as iodine is reformed. What fraction of the original iodine is liberated by the sulphuric acid? Which of the hydrogen halides, HC/ to HI, would give the strongest acid in aqueous solution? Explain your answer, uaa 2009