O L DG L O R Y 2.3Wllam Street.

Craghead,Slanlev.
57{{ \\est lni g Park
Chicago.Illinois6063,1
Co. Durban.DIl9 6ER t rs-4.
Tel & Fa)i:(0207)28J332

1066andall this! Thesuperbnew DarkAge rangefrom OLDGLORY

Prcturcd b\ ,^nd\ ( oopcr Thjs rirngchllsso
rrc :r snull sclcctionof \or |n ca\.rln ,mda lt$ Bondra.chcrs.dcsr1rncd
r r : r r ,\\i r i l , l \ $ . . r n , p h. I n ' r. l [ . J r . i rrcl . | | 1 l
DAlj/l VikrnSHllscirlcs \\rthr\cs \LA!!! \rpoleonic lnirntn Prcks
DAza/l Viking HLtrcarlcs rs\oncdncapons IjOC ii Frcnch lrrpcrirl GLnrd Foot \dillcr\
DAl5/l VikingBondirssorlcd\ctrpons F O G 9 F r c n c l rI n r p c r i . lC u a f d I l o r s c A r t i l l c n
DA2a/1 Vlki g Archcrs &L!iI!! Sc\cr \'cirrs \\ar Prcls
DA:5/5 Viking Raidcrs* slP I l r ' r . . . . r '1 . r . . \ , l l . n . r J J r r . r .
DA25/6 VikjngCo rurad \qLU!!]U \l:rd lnlhon\ \\ i\nc ! Lcgion ol rhc
Dr'\25/i Sa\ontluscrrlcs U n r r c dS r : r l . r T l r c s cr r o o p \l b u g h lt h c l d i n c j n l h c
DA2a/8 Sa\onGrcaicri_\rd O l d \ o r l h \ \ . n r ] r l \ h o | l d b c u s c d1 I lc o n i L r n c t r o n
DA2j/9 Si\on l.csscr I-\rd \\rlh our lndrtn lleIr.!
DA25/10 Sa\onConnnand \l\l) I \\'r\1. r Lcgrol Infurtn ird\ancrnq
DAl5/l I Nornra|Mounlcdf.uights NIAD ,' I \\'ll\ Ic r Lcgron fifl ! lilc
DA25/12 NoffranE\trirIlcr\\ Knilhts \ l A D / I \ \ ' a \ n c s I c g i o nh g i r l i n f u l l t [ ]
DA25,/ll BrctonCr\aln / \4ounlcdScrtscanis -4ll rhorc picks tll
DA:5/l.l NormrnN{ounlcdCorlnnrnd R . \ c n g c \ { c d i c \ i r 1R l l l c s { 1 1
DA25/15 NornanHca\\ Lrirntn Rc\cnge SLrpplemcnt"lhc Noflr:llr! t6 5i)
DAl5/16 NornurArclrcrs ( S c c n i l r i os! u r t : r b lf.o . o u r D l r k 1 ^ ! . f i g u r . s )
DA25/17 NornnnMcdiulrLrfirntn f u . o p e r n$ ! . g ! n e r \ a ) l l ( i l ( ! \ \ j l l h . r L( i o r . :
DA2i/lll Vikln.eBcrscrkcrs + \t.!Lr.uh, lllirrIrf!thf\.f llr! \.rh!Jlrr \Ilr: ]l
Packs{llfor r0loolor l0 mountcd- !\c.pt *nhrch O l h r r s h . s \ - S r l d r . r , ! l . r r j n l.l
,rc !? for l5 figurcs I rrl\ood l'nrl (ilJ,!o\

!s!lL!9!Lj!t!:UKt|.BFPOl0'r;ofordcr\nltrcEUROPj:la,,oofordcr\lhrcOU]S )1,ELROPE5u,,,oford.r\atuc
Wc xcccplACCESS& MASTERCARDClcqucsnudc pa\ablclo Old G!on Corpordion
t1 0l)phrslargcSAE\ith l8p nsnrpplcasc
Catalolirc
Old Glor.rCorporalion,2J W)lrm Strect,Cr:rghcad, Slrnle],Co.Durham.DH96ER.t.K Tcl & FAX 0207-283J32
1r I-rarclr CharnpDc Mars.llRucDcSc\ignc.7l)l)l.Paris /r,!rrin.. TrasguC.B C^Icdclhni.18010 j\Iadnd
In Germanr: Batllccround Girnrcs.Hrnroldsgrabcnll 116li0Augsbcrg
FIGt]RESCO\TAIN LEAD - NOT STJITABLE FOR CHILDRf\
 3,l COPELANDCLOSE, Poi & r{[itreL.K. r0c.\liiI0.i0
BASINGSTOKE,

iniatures HANTSRG221JX
TEL:0256-817746
{,\ter6pm)
o{*s sudaftl0'. rrmtLl0'.
iunusd P6u!t r ill rx Cndir€dl

B.itish Commrndosdrsigned& paintedby MichaelPercr

\oRllA\l)\ | 9.ll R{\cE

BRllIsHcorINl^\l)os

ri

SE\D SIE for our full|nt nr\1l\ ll & \ ietn.m Ranges.

t li S l OCIiIST: h0cp $ arganrine.\ E\I S l Oc lils] : R€6ell.oop T.rd..s. Staiio. Road.R€ading.
t S.\ DISI RIsL IOR: Brookhtr.nHohbies.12188Br{oLhu.n Sttel. (;ardenGrore, C.\,92610

l
Figures
For Wargamers
& Collcctors
E-rcftl-ille/r'
tndnufactureditt the
sctuthryfEngland bt
The ultintate 1SmmNapoleonics
WargamesNEW - FrenchGenerals,ADCs & voltigeursin colpack
' South Personalities - Gen.Nansoutv& D'Hautpol
Irtge SSAI'at 2 tRClorttull Jcloils xl also at ailable
2r1,Cricketers
Ockley.
Close.
10mm Franco- PrussianWar
Surrey. NEW - BavarianArtillery
RH5 5BA. FrenchImperialGuard& morecavalryout soonl
Tel: 030662'7196 New 10mmvehicles - SovietT34/85& ShermanFirefly
*** i\Iail order onl,v **+ lve dl\o:kxk I5\nnl25D nnrclie|alflogsd dLa StonsltiPs

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 3i iI TYNNINIE\ \V/ tfl aYlll il c t. q

B R I T I SIHN F A N T RD
Y. D A Y
44 ptn Helments& Battlelerkins
- , :tct a50Lr acrfiiu5a
0 - pl a l i : . , . : : n i ;
A T S l C o m m a n d G r oO u pf l,. e r ,R a d o AtBl Sea.hmaner S€t
Op€ratotNCO Il 50 C o ^ s s r n q o f C h d , C ol i,n4 a u d+€ mfAGI-A LJrodeBdfl Il0 m5I rlft
AIB2 Brei6u.IeahAdva..iq 85p b u d o q a n d2 R N t e a m e n f2 00 l i r t " d f , . s r i 5 q q { 1 e ; r i r ; : . i 1 " .r : f l 5 0
U(lfPC
ATBI Plteadvan.n! wlh r: e lop AS32 Th€MayorotCou(eleson b cyclewth
i'ri! rr ii,i,i
A T B 4 P l r e , u i .i q w r h ' l e lop h€meland.hampaqne a5p k(3ir f 5:.ms3r!:5i:b' rrIi.ii-pirurrq!re
ATB5 Plteadvanc nqt r.g lop RIOIIARDsA(CI55V5A MAsNKARD.IUIOCARD
A T 8 6 P v t € r u nn. q ,r i e b y s d e lcp DUENEXTMONTti:SR|T|SH
PARA5 EL RU[(or (0923)5A906

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rF . I C I R E_ S A RR \ \r oI UL L- RR
AA RH T r I r L r L r E c R n \ r

- , . i a 4 # t r 4 6
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tu * _#€bffi
+s: ,Y.q wiF rp, €5^c.4.

,,P," 1,

DROPIN FORD-DAY
with our lalesireleas€s_
timelyreinforcementsJorbothsides.
GERONIMO-US Parachure Inranrry TEDTSCHI-Late WarGemans
PIR2 Squad i/c & BAR & Carbine B TED1 Pl'/c. Medic &2 runners C
PIR3 TroopeG advancinq TED9^ 3 various ligures w'M.Pzl4 B
PIR4 As 2 but finns B B
PIRs TrooDersfirinawrcarand c
rrFb rroop€rs sxrrmrsnrng TED14 Anti lanl< a;bush padv (4) c
TEDIa Gunners for Pak40 (5) D
Other US PAITATROOPERS includins hea!9 weapons to rollow soon: check with us. (Yes, we are doinga hand canand
sundrv' loads ) W l c usrom€.s pl€as€ note that the US lnlantry is being re organised and a new pack a is ready (Moving
and finngBazo6ka team- C) Asain cbeck wirli us, or;nd an-SAEE lor an up toldate list.
17 Oakfield Drive Upton-By-ChesterChesterCH2 lLG
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 5

HEROICS
Unit
12,
& ROSFIGURES
Tumpike,
Semington Trouhridge,
Semington, |'vilts.
BAll6LB.
Teleph0ne:
l03$lO028
Fax: 8710$
{0380} 3il1:yin*.f,#l:

1/3qlh
woRlD
u,AR

MODEBI{
AIRCBAFT

AIRCRAtr
WWI
OF

MODERN
PERIOD

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 REDOUBT ENTERPRISES
49 CHANNELVIEW ROAD. EASTBOURNE.EAST SUSSEXBN22 7LN
TEL: 0323 732801 FAX: 0323 649777

-*-@ ,@
==-'g;1.

[ore pilenen lor our etcgptlon.l 25mmEngllshClvllWarrange NEW- FLAGSFORTHEENGLTSH

CtVtLWARara5,50p.r sheetinc.
CW95 Pikemanstandrng wilhur ghtpike,unilom @al
CW96 P kemanslandingwithupng pike,buficoat 2larqeilaqsinc.KingsandOlens Liiesuard, Tatbolserc.
CW97 Plkenanmarchlng wilhshouldered pike,uniiom6al 2 La'ge' aqsrnc L$e\, Faila, Lordor 'ared Bands6(
CW98 Pikeoan marchingwiih shou de.ed pike, back and breastptates 2 Cavalryslandardsinc. KingsLitequad,Lambed,Astonelc.
Theseigures,ikeouroiherpikenen, comeopenhandedandwith 2 LargeScotsi aqs inc. rhe FoyarStandard,Lome, Argyl etc.
separaleheads. Plgasespeclly ii yo! requib a ha.d or sofi head.
Il|O8EFORTHEAMERICANWAF OF INDEPENDENCE FANGE
AW162H ghlandsta.dardbeareradvancingwithstandadpole
CW150Cavalrynanon l@t in buficoalandgo€et tunginq AW163Grenadierofi6radvancifg [email protected]
CW151Cavarvnano. tootinboli6atandssh tunoino - -
CW152Cavdiman on lootin b!fi coatstshinq LOYALISTAMERICANS
Cwl53 Cavalrymanon lool i. breatp ale stiking down AW70 Q ueensFlanoersofiiceradvancngwith dawn swod
CW'54 CavalryTanon loot . ouf,coararo sorse ir nSprcrol AW71 Ou@nsRangeGdrummeradvanci^g
CW 55 Cdvalana.on oor nbred5 dnooad otareslr ngpErol AW72 Qu€€nsBangercqrenadier advancing, muskeral 45"
CW156 Cavdryman on foot ln back and b@aslptatesfinnq cad ne AW73 Quee.sRange/sgrenadier charging
CW157Cavalryman oniootin breastandbackptatesw lh nanode AW74 OLeersFarqes rgt^rnla.,./ra. aova.cng.hu51d al a5.
Theseliqures havesepaEtelowertores dd canlhe.eiorebe movednb AW75 OueensFangetsqht nlantryman advancnq trnno
a var ety ol pos rlons,s mi d to ihe nounred cavatrv. Aw76 OueensFange6 iemen advancing. ifleat 45"
AW77 QueensFangersrllemencha.ginq
CWX18Shodbarelledsakerwih
€qupmenl e350 AW78 OueensRange6r llemanadvancing. marchanack
CWXl9Longbarcledsakerwith
equiphenl AW79 Butl66BangeBofil€. sbndingpo nrino
€6.00 AW30 Bulle6 Rangeradvancing.
musketat .15.
CWX21Fourwheoled tanspo tamwagon e7.00 Awal BulleBFanqercharging
CWry22Tso wheetedtimber t3.00
CWvC3Pairoilarge
lmb€rhoGeswlhstEppng €3.00 - Rul.s and $enarios lorlhe A,W.t,
Bat e ol Freemans FarmandBemisHeiqhls t3.00
Ballle ol YoAlown and Gtouceste.Point !3.00
wdln theCooniesrutestortheA.W.t. !5 00

s
#€6h #
FK f!
SendS.A.E.lor@easesheersot rheEnqtish
CivitWar,or AmeicanWarot Independenc€
ranges
Pleasesendlwo poundslo.lhetuly illusratedcalaogueot Bodoubtand
Abbotlsrangesincuding,E.C.w..Marchor Die,zut!, Sudan,Fenaissance,
Peni.sular,A.w.l.,NapoleonicNavalandWestl.dan6ngesaswellasdelailsottheikingship.-ftapoeo.icongboala.drhesp6ndidsudanpaddt;

p& p F|GUFESUK 10o/o oiordd p ceup ro!so.oo,rhenDosttee

EUROPE30o/o oi orderpice. minimumt2.OO.
RESTOFTHEWOFLD50% ot ordervatue(aimai) M n mume3.OO.
we ad€pt paymenlin cash,postalorders,
cheques(bulnotpeisonalcheqles l.om oveGeaspre4e),Eurccheqlesandal majorcredircads. O.derc
recetved
by tet€phone
w I normalybedesparched withn 24 hourc.
AMEFICANSTOCKISTS:MINIATURE
SERVICECENTEB.I525B dge163yubaCiry,CAL|FOFN|A, gSS93Tet:9166735169.
cA AD|ANSrOCKtSrs:FEDOUBTF GUBES,
55AbbeyCtose,
An;sler.OntaioLcg 4K8 Tet:416.6_43.s70r
AUSTFALTANSTOCKTSTS:
AUBOAA o|STR|BUTORS,
2 tMapte p€dh,wA 6026
Hit Coud,W@dvate,

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WANGAiITT Contents
lllurilraled Psge
l4 P€terDennis 'BakingSaddles'
Guns,Fun& Fimo-makelour own
WesterrCunf,gtt
18 JohnBartleit s.w.A.B.2
EDITOR'SPRIZE Thescuppcnareagainawash*ith
Uood:Dawl boerdingactions
For the best contribution to 2l Ma(inJones "All is lo6tsavehonour"
Waigames Illustrated. TheBattleofPavia,24Febn'arr 1525
26 GuyHalsrn TheMerovinganFranks
Part 48: Stateg/
We'vedecidedto instituteanannualawardfor 3,0 R.J. Oliver Boardgsmes RulesO.K.
setpublished
thebestarticle/feature/rule in the E4*rinental rules& rule nechani$ns
magazine. Thiswill bringits recipienta for hoard& mapgames
a smallcashbonus,anda wholeh€ap
certificate, 33 Stevecooper FastPlnymadeFaster
At aglanceconbat tablesfor DBA &
of honour& glory! 'Renaistance DBA'
So-keep yourcontributions to themagflowing 35 Paul[r€nch A.S.W.Rules
in & youmaybecome'TheMan' of 1994. Antiaubnarhe ntlesforwe with
'General
Quarten' nawf rulcs
37 DavidBickley ".,. A living,flashing she€toffame"
.4/so:we'llbemakingthisawardretrospectively
TheBaftIeofcloyt's Mountaia,
for theyears1987-1993.Resultswill bepublished 9 Ma! 186t
in theautumn. 42 KenHanning MJ God,it's lhewrongb€{chl
. . . andothervats toaddconlttsionto
rour lrDar replars
46 Colinf,unford 'Hold unlil reli€ved.'AWWII Scenario
Thecoupdenair at Pegasus BrWe:

WARCONV 48 Variouswrilers
50 Andycalan
6h'ne 1944
Sundryit€ms
'alemphis BeIe"
simplegame. . .
A pf9pttstetuusry
cllhe 55 ClassifiedAds
Front cover photo: A supefi 25mm Renaissancecommand
Unlverslll ol Cenlrql Englqnd group, painted bt 'SpecialForcel. This toat kindly given to me
by the South London warloth lot helpinT wnh thejudging al
ln Blrmlnghom 'Salute' -
still the most action-packedday in the waryames
Westbourne
nocd calendar. Thesefi8urcs & thei scenic Knoll are actuattyon a
polithed v,'oodbase,but (hordcorewaryame6 wilt be happy to
Blrmlnghqm know) o sharp knife v)i soon sepante themlrom thisfnppery
and they'I take their chancesamongst the steel tapes and
on tunblinq dice like everyoneelse- no one shik's the tabletopin

Frldql evenlng,Scturdqy&
Sunday2nd.,3rd.,& 4th, ol Waryameslllustaled is pubhshedon the last Thu.sdayot each
rnorlhry Straiagem Publicat'onsLtd.,18LoversLane,Newark,
Septembes1994 NotlsNG24I HZTel:063671973EDITOR:
TYPESETTING& REPnODUCTION
Duncan
BY:Pressptan
Macfartane.
S€McesLrd.
PRINTEOn England DISTRIBUTOFS: Comag t agazne
Markelrng.Tavisrock Road.WestDrayron, MrddtesetUBiTOE.
Trqde stondsj superb demo gqmes; lech.rres; USA:TheEmperors Headquarters,5744WesrtrvingPalkRoad.
Chicago.lllinors60634.Tdl: 312 777 8668.CANiDA: RAFM
Botllelechcompelitionj& more. CompanyInc., 20 P€rkhl Boad East.Csmbdg€. Ontario,
Canada, N1R1P6AUSTBALIA: RayComprc,n,
Ess€lMiniarures
Lld..I Lowanna Place,Hornsby, NSW2077.FFAI{CE:Jeurde
Bqr & nefteshmenls. On.sfi e GuerreDitlusion. 6 rue de t iissonier.Pans75017.
qccommodqllon ql reqsoncble p ces.

* 92{ prlze lot the best bqr gqme SUSSCRIFIIOXS ror12{su6sotwalgan4 ntustdr€d a'er24 in
lh€U.Klurope& 16rolWondsorl&e e28.FesrotWoddanmait $8.
on Salurdcf nlght * BACr IUrAEnS A||issueserc6olnos.1. 2.3 &26arestitl
availabl€al12.20eachpostpaid.BacknumbeB otouroc€sionat special
6xrrapubrication
waaameswonda/€atsosli avaitabto: Nos.2,3,4:
Thg Wqrgqmes lllustrqted comerq in !2.40postpaid.No-5!1 .80postpaid.
crttendonce. BIIDERS ior waqameslllusrlared(capacily12 issues).Binde.sror
Wargames Wondabo available.Sameepacity,sane p ce.Price:16post
paidin uK. Fe8tof wond: add!1.50 €nrapostase.
Mor€ deld s nexl month. Fro|n;STnATAGEll PUBLICATIO'.S ItD.,
lS lovcr: lanc, Xau.r|G ottr. XCZatHZ, Englnd.
 DAVETHOMASATTENDSALLTHE LEADING
Worgo*toflounlrrtr SHOWSWITHA GOODSTOCKOF
WARGAMESFOUNDRYFIGURES

'NEIM" NAPOLB,ONICWARS 1805.I-815I-O

BRITISHHEAVYDRAGOONS
GUARDS(1808-1s)
25mnDesignedby Alan & Mi&ael Pery25nn
Figur€s 6Op Holses 77p HIGHLANDEBS 1805-1815
CENTRE
COMPANY INKILT&'I'OUNTED
DRAGOONS& DEAGOOT{GUARI}SIN BI@RI{ES BONNET(oflics'sin ovmlb)
1808-12 NP9?qqficdsrmdins swordinqrn.
cEd€lids
NP5l4Otfc€r -
NP52AOfidr .hardind
NP529Ensn standlino'
NPsl7 rrcoberchaQing NP530Ensin aclvancino
NP93I Sers-ar sEndins-
O R A G O O I I S& D R A G O O NG U A R D S I N C A P S NP532Se.nanladErciho-
(shako.) '1808-12 NP533Pibdrsiendind
NP518Otfi€r NP534Paberadvanci?rd
NP535Drummer standino
NP520Trcodor NP536Drummeraclvancihq
NP52lTrcoiff chaeing NP537Hiahlandnadvancino shouldercd
muskot
NP538Hiahhd$ advancind
D B A G O O N& D F A G O O NG U A R D SI N H E L I I E T S NP539Hrahlander
NP539 Hthlander stanclino
standrno et
a! oorto
oorta
NPsaoHi6hlander
NP540 Hibhbnd.rstenclin6
rrrn.lindfriio
frrihd
'
1812-15 NP541Hiihlanderknelinii
NP522Ofic€r NP542Hi6hlander cnaoinn
NP523Trumo€br NP5{3Hiihlander chrEin6musk€rport€(zndrank)
NP521Trcoaer
NP525Trcobs draqinE TBEWS&
HOBSESFOR BRMSH HEAVYCAVALRY
NPH43Walkino. h€€d&wn
NPH4{U/slkind.hsaduo
NPH45Cant n-rio
NPHa6Gallopinl'- slanqng
NP533
PIPERSTANDING

'IfEWE
' ARLY IMPERIAL ROMANS
(40 AD-r20AD)
25nm Designed
byAlan& MbhaelPetry 25nm
Figur€s55p FR76lmaginil€r
IEGIONANIEAOl{ FATIGUEDUTY FRZ/Signil€r
(segm€nrodarmour,ba€h@d€d) FR78Tr@P€r,mail,sP€d updghl
FR64Doad,.egmenl€dplate FR79Troopor,scal8,sp@r upnght
FF65 Swingingclolabra FBsoTr@per,majl shid with shouldsr
FR66Shovellingwih spacl€ doubling,sped dgled
FR67Walkingwith dolab|E,wjpingbrcrv FR81Trcop€r,mail,attachngwi$ spear
FR58Standing,ams bld€d FH82Trcop€r,scale,atlackingwill| spear
NOMANCAVALNY HORSES{AlsouseLRHs&6)
FR69I'iount d legarus FRH1Sianding
FR70I'Iolnbd tibun€, halmet,swordlowsred FRH2Canladng,legsstr€tcf'€d
FR71Mount€dc€nudon FnH2Cdtedng,legsgad.iersd
FR72D*uion, dssr€d h€lm€t swordrajs€d
FR73D€cuion,cr€'t€d helmet swod EAUIPiIENT
FRE1Soorpion, delvmanaining,cwman
FR74Musicianblowinglittus standing
withdmuniton. Pdc€!2.20
F8.71& FBH.IiIOUNTED
CENTUAPN

20mm ? N E I T TS E C O N DW O R L D W A R 1 9 3 9 - 1 9 4 5 2 0 m m
U.S. INFANTRY. IN GREATCOAT.1944.
Designed by AIaD & Michael Petly Fjgutes
2lull104 Fiinc Cdtt5 tom hip -
2wW1O6Advancjnowith B.A.R. ?WW1O8Standinolvitr dfl€
2ww1o5Ad'ircilE wihoadinb Z';'jividt ffii6;ii3 i;iiii;r6 tiiwidS x;ali;;,;idj" iiir;

TheFoundry". 7 7 H X. UnitedKin
P H O N E0 6 0 2 7 9 2 0 0 2 FAX 0602 792209

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 I

-Wargamer
67 "q (J I ?
Uoundry -

Mlnlmtl|I Cr€dit C.rd Ordsr . s5.oo

Phooe 0002 792002 Or FAX 0602 7g220g.
The Foundry.MountSt, New Basford, Pl€aro includ6lh€ oxpiry dat€ and type ol ca.d
Nottingham.NG7 7HX.UnitedKingdom A L L U S AC R E D I T C A R D SE X C E P TA M E X A C C E P T E D

25 ,NEW' 25mrn ECW POSTCARDS

s€t ol painrings
ol 2 ofiicsr6& 4
m.n.paint€d by Alan& Machael
P E R S I A N& Psrrypric€t1.00 persel.of6
PostpaidU.K-only

PELOPPONESIAN EXPORT POSI & PACKII{G

CHAFGES
W € o n l y c h s r g €l h € a c l u a l p o . t a ! e ,

WARS (49ABC.39OBC) Dsiqned by DavecallqhdFlbus @P H6B77p

any mon.y nor!s.o wlr Ds crsdl€o
E U R O P E i . a d 3d 0 %
U . S . A .C
. A N A 0 AA, U S T F A L I A . t a c dd

U . K . P O S TA P A C K I N G C H A N G E E
P E A S I A NH O R S E A R C H E R S ode6 up ro 420.00 add r59(
PPCavl60 Shootino G F E E KH O R S E S
P P C e v l 6 t S t r i n o i n ab o w BeMe€n!2o.oo & !4o.oo
P P C e v 1 6 2B o w h 6 l d a l o h P P H 2G a l l o D i n o
P P C a v t 6 SW i l h a x € B.tw€€n440.00 & 475.00
P P H 3C a n t d r i n - q . dd
P P C a v l 6 t l B o N /u n d e r a r m P P H 4G a l l o p i n g - ; ct6r s75.00posrp€id
P P C a v 1 6 5L a n c € u n d o r a r m
P P C a v 1 6 6L a n c € o v e r a r m P E B S I A NH O B S E S lrlNl Ul, p&p 11.00
P P C a v 1 6 7L a n c € t h r u 6 t i n o P P H SA r c h € i s h o r s s o a l l o D i n o l. s o s
d e l h d r . d r i d e r al € d a a t t , c h _ . d sTocKtsls
P E B S I A NH E A V Y C A V A L B Y P P H 6A r c h € a s h o r s e a a l l - o D i n ol 6. 0 s
P P C a v 1 6 8L a n c € o v e r a r n e x t e n d s d -r i d e 1 5l € o ! a n a c h - s d
P P C a v 1 6 9L a n c € u n d e r a r m P P H TA r c h e a s h o r s e w a l l i n o . l e o s ?da6q"D& s{252tu b4
€ x t e n d e d -r i d e r s l e o sd i t a c h e d
P E B S I A I {I I F A I { T R Y S L I I { G E F S P P H g L a n c e rh o r s e g a l l o - p i n sl € s s s a l h € r e d
PP171Loadino-
P P 1 7 2A d v a n c l n g EdgJ

'NEW' RESINBUILDINGS
& S H I P SR A N G E
mmmSANDBAGS
BaS64 4ind' l€noth.ol sandbaos4varienE.Pnce
20mm TREICH SYSTEM 60o
B&s 51 4.5indr d€iohtlenoh.Pdce!2.20 88S 65 Sandba{comer.Pn@6oD
B&S52 4.5indr straidhtlennh wb shEon€l B&S66 Sandbadhall mdoubt Pdbe11 00
oobcrion dtout. Fti€ !2.75 B&S67 Sandbeihut Pne E350
B&S53 lnward@m€r.Prie 11.10 B&S58 Smallsoluaresanclbaoemda@ment
B&S54 Oulwardcom.r. Pdc€!l-10 Pd@el o0
$clim, lsft outward/ishrinward. BaS 69 Scalssouaresmdbaoemolacemenl
Fqs ?51ltnsl€ Pne lf 75
s€clion,
l€trinwardisht outwa'd.BES 70 Laroosandbaolo*'oL Pd@!1 0o
Bqs?61ltngle gAS 7l Ssddbaosmrflothob Pn6mb
8&S57 Hut-Pico13.50 BaS 72 Small*indbag icxhole.Pdc€60p

mnm BU1{KERS 'Om'nLANDINGCRAFT.

BtS 5A Pi bot Pn6l2o0 Usgdin EuroD€
& PacilicCamDeion's
BaS59 Pillboxwih [email protected] B&S73 Mark3. L C M.I irch€slonti Pn-6110m
BaS 60 fillbox wih sieos€d rol,nclatonsh6ll. B&S74 Mark5. L.C.Mt0 ind'€slon-o.Pi€ !11.0o
B&S75 Mark1. L.C.V-P.6.5inchsslono.Pn@
8A3061 L shap€dbunlcr (Tobrukpil). Price 47.50
BaSo62L shap€dbunksrwih sandbags.Pic€ 25mir TANKS
B&S76 GrcatW4 G€md A7VTank..Pic€
B&S63 Fla.k €rnplaoom€nt.Pdc€!4.00 f12.00'

CATALOGUES MEDIEVALPERIOD 18thto loth CEMURY ELEJAEIIIANS I56GI6TO

PRICE'2,50POST PAIDUKONLY PRICE '2.50POST PAID!K ONLY POUSII RENAISSANCE ARMY
CIMPRISING:
LIST ONLY :4VlR 3,00FIGLTRIS 15m BURCUNDIANS COMPRISING: bE l6rh- mid t?r[ mbrt
r45dr500 2snn NIARISURIANWARS AMERICANIND!{NS l&h.t3lh C
!I 50MSTPAID U.K ONLY 25mm:BARONS VARS l2m l3& sAvuRAr r6rhrdrl,vat
HUNDREDYEARWAR139-50 CRIMEANWAR135}56
MOST,AIJTNOTA!L, FICURESARE VIKIN6S,NORMANS& SAXONS FRAIICO PRTISSL{N
WAR PIMTES ANDBUCCANEERS
ILLUSTRATED IN IIIE PERIOD t6161700.NOf It LIJfiWTED
CATAI'GUIS WARSOTTTIEROSES 1455.37 GRIATWAR I9I4I AI{CIENTS
MAXIMILLIANADVENTIJRE ?RICE'2JO POSTPAIDUK ONLY
NAPOI.FOMC PERIOD COLONIAL PERIOD 136467NOf IUUS|RATED COMPRISINC:
PAICEJ2JOPOSTPAIDUK ONLY PRICE12.50!()ST PAIDUK ONLY 2ltnm SECOI{DWORTDWAi r$9,4s 25nh EARLYIMPERIALROlit{NS
COMPRISING: (| nn AMIRICANCML wAR I36r-5
Ann NA.POLEONIC WARS130515 25|m SOERwAR139-l9m NOTIU.IJSTRAED IATE ROMANEMPII!
FRENCEREVOLUNON INDLANMUIINY I3'.5'
173+1802 NORllI WIST IRONTER l6lh lo 17tn CENTITTRY ?ERSIAN&IETOPPONESIAN
wAR OF 1312o{rhAMERICA) PRICE{250 POST?AID IJK ONLY waRs 4908.c , 3908.C,
CI{NA 139-19m ROMEAND |Ts ENEi'IES
zril-uwaRs ln9 25nn ENGUSHCML waR 16425l

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replying to adverts please mention Wargames Illustratcd.
 IMPORTEDHOBBYPRODUCTSFROMABOUND THE WORLD'

INITASION!
...RED URGEr{! lrRGEm intNE 6,194{ .,WAR itDtD '.COllltUNIQUB mtUBEB ONE SUPRB{E
EEADQUARTERS AIJI'IED BXPEDITIONARY AOACE I'NDEB TEB COIII{AND OF GENERAIJ
EISEIIBOIIEB, AIIJIED NAVAIJ FORCES, SUPPORIED BY STBONG AIA FORCEg' BECAN
I,]INDINO A'JIJIED ARUIES IIIIS TTOBNING ON lEA COAST OF NORTEERN FRANCE '

CR3 3ldMor6r&s(ewF in8 $ 4 9 5 C06 ManKn€linAW/PlaT,HATJi2Ads

SHQmm World War II CR9 3lmMorh&5ftwMovin8 $4.9s w/Aonunition, Man liring PIAT ?6ne
"Normandy't14" range GRlo MMC42on tipod & 5 dew Firing 54 9s {his 6nge of condandG rcp.esdb rh. d@F
cRrl MMG.!2onbipod &5 asMoving $4.95 $at landedon DDay and mi. in 37Pa@n wet
32.40 i pack etcept whee not€d GRl2 ConbarEnBine6 inc Flam€'nmwer(5 8<lUniaortr!Be€b & HelFs.
figo .. ,' ,. ' _ , . _ g 9 s kl. War Gem.n Frll*hidiagEo 19434s
lnmp inro Nornandy w h $€ 32nd & 101sr
Airhome,l€d b! Jotu The Dut€ Warn€of couel CRl3 Panz.Mh(k TeamsMovinA& Firing(,t Prcpar€to delend rhe hedaerowsin Nomandy
NEW U.S.Ai.bodeTroop1944 f i s " ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 36 0 with CeFany'3 €liE tuP6l
AAI Nco Cno0Fon SMG)& 2 Rinen.n C R l 4 A T G o u p , / P a n z € d a u.*. . . . . . 5 36 0 Fll3 Officr Ads w/MP10, Ollier Kneling w/
Ic42. Nco Adv. w/Fq2
Rushro Nomandy b dlpw $€ Alli6 bac* inro NCO w/ Panzenaun& MI40, PivaE Adv
!ll9
AA3 3 Rineb€nMovi.8 rhesa wiln Cetuany r tanati@lSSUni6l
w/Fq2, Pn{ar.crcuchingw/ FC,12
AA4 FidngCoup: NCO (ThomFon sMc, BAR NEW SS P.nzergrenadi€B 194.1 walking
FJ20 PdvaEAdv.w/rc8 Rine,Privare
ssl MG42FnnrgGunne.,loader& spoder) w/K93 RjflqPrivareRunningw/K93 Pio.
aA5 MovinSCrcup:NCO (ThonFon sMC), SS2 MG2 MovinSG!nne.,loader r. spoter) FJ21 P.ivareFinSK93Rifie,Privar.Kneling
BARGnnner,& PFC on(93 Rjflq NCO
w/Cr.nadeLauncher
aA6 orricr (M1) RTO,SNCO(InonFon sMc) 59 3 r Rjnenenw/K93 Moving
AA7 60neMorbr&,tftw,firing ..... $4.35 555 3 r Rinemenw/K93 lirinS
Fl22 MG34CunnerCiouchingFirinSMC, MC
AA8 .30@1,MC & 3 dew, ftin8 . . . . . . OS.eo 556 Panzersch{*T.aG Mding & Firing(4
d2couchjng Slppolting Mc Barel On
AA9 8az@kaTean motin& rinnS(4 ri8s.) $3.60 f i s s ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t. 3 . 6 0 Shodd.., MC34Abmuniiion Caftier Adv.
A A 1 0P a $ I i n d e 6 {f si g s . ). . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 47 5 coninS S@n:Mole ss Prnt.4t€n.dl.6 ro roh
FJ23 Medi. TendingWonndedMan,Wounded
AAll Anti-Tankcuncrep (5figs) ...... 9,1.75 ro (hefionl..lhafsifHid€.-iU €rd. dM ande
Ivlan,Clound Fore Medic adv.
thetay an.d.en
Hit $e beaclB and ov€rcomerhe Adanlc Wall lap th€mtolonnel? Ale, on
& Briiil Inhntry, Weapons€ans and whawer aLSo OUT NOwr De s Mlit:a bdngsyou NEw
withLod Lovatand&e BdashCoddand6l
eleis needed b pushontoliberate Parisand6€n vchklc cFn sp€rificallyd6iSned ro fir in cots
NEw British comandos 1944 rendy availableI /76th sole vet cls wf.nss
RMI NCO (IllonFo.sMC) & 2 Rineoen rnd cemln Amr le3e-rs (7 sb), Us Ad,
Rl'r2 &.n Cn. Croop AdvancinS 1e40-4s(s eb); BritLt & connonw..lrh aF
RMf, BEn Cnn GroupFiring
Drew'sMilitia 20mm nia, 1e3e{t (5 e6); and Russl.n 46, 1elc.{3
RM4 3 $n.den Advan.ing World War II Range (3 s). NEW 3€l3i.n Fod|ls 16oF lot Ebc.
E r.l,1eao (6 packOand b ca.k rhe roda
Rf,45 3 Rin€m€nFinnS
S2.75 a pack exceptwherenot.d NEw E:nt Wer Gcm.n Frk.hidi.SFa h
RM6 3 NCOS(Thomp6onSMG) TIF 1 ! 2 Sno.k (7 packs).Did w. d$ hention
Rn/' 2 Modr i€d noving & ttina (4 fi8) $3.60 DDay Sritlsh Cot|fund@ 1944
the Brldrh Airnom. P.n & Glid.. TmoP3(lort
RI4l PiatTeammoving&{king(1fi8s) $3.60 Youaen 8.t an evengrea'ersldion or bps to of packt? How abourlnar rhe UsMc Inf:ntry ror
asuk Hiileas Arla.tic laJal wirh $n n.w e!i6.
R\4s 2 Offi.e6 w/Tno0Fon SMC,RTO& th. Padfi. Th€rre (6 packs)are out now? Moft
lod Lovarwould be glad o l@d su.h biav. fig-
l v l e d i.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.75
RM10 AsultGoup6tigritrc. Vi.k€6& KC!n) Col OffiGr Adv. w/ B€Ban& ThonFon SMC, co[ins son: DDay U.s. JeF & Crcwd b
''''' ''''' 1175 Offic.rWalkingw/TnompsnSMC,NCO dive around'DDay (maybethrcush) the hedgeos of
RMl1 sapp€rcrcup(s rigsw. Frane'nrow.r)$,!.75 Adv. w/ 3€rsan& ThodFon SMC Nomandy, U.5. Ran8e6' b find our if
RMl2 Snipq & No. 2, Rifl*renade c02 NCOwalkinSw/ B€r8an,H.lm€l lnde are any guns ar PoinreD! Ha, and a fnll
an8. or "PacilicTfieat€ Japane Int'
Delendthe AdandcWall againi ln. AlliedlnE Thodp$n sMC NCO RtrnninSIn Li. or-
der w/ ftomp$n SMc, Priva€ Adv.
cema! Infrnt y 1M1943Unlfom) 1944 w/Ridio&sMLERin. WargarnesFoundry 20mm
CRI Mg2 FningPrcne(gunner,ldd{ & spot ftiva€ walkinS w/Beqa., Hdnd &
SMLE Riflq Priva€ Adv. In Li. Oder w/
Wodd War II range
"John h4 a long nousra.he, repe.t
CR2 MC42Moving (8unner,l@der& spode.) SMIE Riflq PdvaECrouchingFilin8SMLE lohn has a long
mousrach€.... WCF gives you R€sirt n.e FiAhtes
CR3 3 x NCO w/M?.10 (6 pos€s) to carry ori danAerons saborag€
CR.l 3 a Rifl.nd w/(98 Fiing ColPoGl Adv. w/&en, ColPoBl Pdn. Fn- op€rarioNbehing eneny lines to ensure that the
GR5 3 x Rinemen,/K93 Moving in8 8rcn, Brenlt 2 Adv.{/Admunitjon Lale w:r Gernrn
c05 P vaie Pbn€ Firing 2" Motui Privare Frlkrlinjrse* (7po*s)and ceman, Us, ,nd
CR6 Rinenenw/CWRl3 Brilih Inlanlry and we.po! Te'G (20 dirrePnt
CR7 O{icer, Rioeoen w/Knecrenade, Rine WalkinSw/Anounihon, Ptivae Ad{ -/
weapm *ts froh various nahoulitis)

When replying to adverts please mention Wargames lllustrated.

 ll

Figures,Armour, and 926 Horh Anbulan.€Sd.Kfz.3l ,.... $13.75

927 himler Aoored C"r Mkj C5 . . . $13.75
Monolith Design
Artillery GAA) 924 Caftier,Univ.el MLL . . . . . . . . t11.75 20mmWWII Fortifications
20mm World War II range 929 CadiaiMed.MCNo.3Mtj ..... 911.75 & Landing Craft
NEw qto AdlcrMG-KwS.outC& Kfrl3 i11r5 NEWI Monolith De.i8n Plldoc (qoaliy 6in
FiShrb thtw rheAlli6 backinb thes wilh L:E NEw $1 rs.n SIGJ3crille sd(fd3atlM ... osrinas) aivs you hoth $e enrial derensive fots
WarCeman Inaanry fDm FAA! '''''''''''" " t et rifidtions and landinA (aai b wargaee rhe @nd
NEW I'TEDISCHIII Gem Inl{19!3-4s) NEW 932 A.ller FuKw R..lio C.r Kfz.n tr3JS font 5€€ ihe Monolirh Adved in rhis nagrine
TID 1 Otlier, tuo Runne6,andMedic i3.95 NEW20|m Alll.d kndlng Cnft
TlD2 Nco w/MP40, MC,(2Tam Adv. 93.00 LC200l LcMi/klll (9 waFdjn. dodel) t2?.9s
lED 3 Adv. Riiemen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2.35 Se lllustation below
T E D . I F i r i n a M c 4.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i 2 . 3 5 Lc2002 LCM Mk vl (r0" waErline nod€r) s24.9t
TEDS Firin8Ri8enen , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2.35 1C2003 LCVP(51I2 mbdha nodel) 116.95
TEDT Ski@ishingRiflen€n . . . . . . . . . . $2.35
lED3 Ski.mishingGGnadi.6w/M?.10$3.00 rr't6 S..1. whlt€ M.t.l A.(asd6, CiglE sds rcxlr,
1ED9 Ina w/MP44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3.00 Tank Comnand.rpacts onhin4shndinSiigus
& t halfffigure; Tanl Rde! pacls conhin 4 ligur6.
T l D l o I n t w / P a n z e r r a u.n. . . . . . . . . . . $3.00
TEDII AsulrEnSin*6 ............. Al CemanTan*Conm.nde6 ...... $3.95
$3.95
TED14 EastFrcnr"PanzerKnac*eagoup $3.95 A2 Britsh Ta.* Conmnde6 t944 $3.95
A3 Ceman Tanl lidE6 1944 . . . . . . . . g,l95
TEDI5MovinP 8 anzeMhKk......... $2.35
I€Dl6 Feld8endamarie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3.00 A4 AIIi.d MCa - Vehicle lvlounb . . . . . . $3.95
TEDIS Glnn.B for ?a* 40,75nmATG A5 Crdan 8€dblk & J€rryCans ... i3.95 B r O o o lPai u b o x , . . . . .-. - . . . . - - - - . . . . J 1 . 7 5
$4.50
I!Dl9 MMC42w/ hjpod & 4 crcw (iring t4.50 A6 DShK M1933 Wh*l€d HMC . 1,1.95 Bleo0lb Pillborw/sandba8! . . . . . . . . . . . 5,!.75
TED2I 3d 'Kurz' norhr & .! ftw Itin8 9.50 A7 U S Tank Comnander 19,1.t ..... t3.95 3ro001c ?illbd V&Fs€d SupportShelf 34.75
A3 U S A F r ' C r c w1 9 . 1 4. . . . . . . . . . . . $4.95 3K2002a LSnaFdBunre.(Tobruks9ePit)t5.9s
lrad theasuh on Onaha and Ubh B.a.hs wirh AS G e r . T a n k C o n n a n d e c 1 9 4 4. . , . , BK2002b$hap€d Bunk€rw/SandbaAs . . 45.95
93.95
A10 Ru$. Tanl Command.El9d3 .... t3.95 8 K 2 0 0 3F l a kE m p l a e n € n.r. . . . . . . . . . . t8,S5
NEW US Infdtry (194-45) Alt Cq. Tank Rjd.6 Winhr 1944 ..... $4J5 NEW 20lm Sandbag Efrpl.ceh.nt SFr.d
USI9 Ml9t9 MC & d€w Moving& Firin8$3.95 4 1 2 R u s i a n T a n * R i d e 6 l g 4 3. . . . . . . . $4.95 SB200l Sandbag4 rrngth (rourdifte€ni vari-
USIl0 60mnMorhrMoving&Firin8... t3.95 Al3 GermanSnaI Ards 1944 , . . . . . . . $3.9t a n b ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i 1 . 4 0
USllt FrSines in deoolidonrcte(4li8r) $3.95 Al,! canie. crs, Eitish . . . . . . . . . . . . $4.95 5 8 2 0 0s2a d b a C 9 o r n d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i 1 . 4 0
ALso oUT NOt{r: Do.t fo*et rhatIAA do Brr! NEW A1r Cr.rt€t Cftv, Rusirn ....... taJs 582003SddbaarlafRedouh ..... ,.. lA.U
tuh Aftbom. For6 (lg.rt-as) Inf.ntry & W..F NEW A16 BrirbiT2 Rid.6191|d ,,,, a4S5 S B 2 0 0S,al n d b a g H.u. .t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 7 . 9 5
mc Tans (20 pacts), and Brlrlsh & Doniiiotr 582005Snall Squa€SandbaA Emplaendt $2.25
Inhnr.y .nd wc.DoG T.eG (24Fc*s).
Milicast WW II Resin 582006lfi8e SquaESandbagEmdaenent $3.95
coMINC SOON,MoreUS Infrntry, n€wly reds 5 8 2 0 0L7a 8 e F o x h o.|... . . . . . . . . . . . . . s 2 . 2 5
i8nedand rcpackag€diom rhe old USI I - 3 .ode VehicleKits in 1/75Scale 542003Soall Fdhole (so vadanE) . . . . , $1.40
nunb.c,2l newfigu6 b leadin. Yanksro Vic, NEW ITEMS: NEIW20tm Tren.h StrteE
Cl S d K I z 2 5 1 / l A u s f D H a l l r a c k , ,$, 1 8 5 0 This sri6 is suibble for th. rim. p€.iod fon $e
C47 Sd(Iz251/9D6hort7.5qgun .. 919.25 Crind Wr upb WorldWarll.
C43 SdXJz25t/22D,Pak.t0k6ion.. $t9r5 -fench
T5200! 4 l /2-Length ......... S4.95

l ilt' \\ l Clol
Cl02
c10s
SdKfz2sll23 DHangagdeturd $19.25
SdKJz 251/24D [email protected]
PoMhe-riger I vK4tol(P)Typ€
rud 11925
101 524.50
TS2002TGnchL€n86 w/shEpnel praention ar
...........$6.25
1 5 2 0 0I 3n w a . d C o m e r , . ., . . . . . . . . . $ 2 . 5 0
Cl09 PoMhe-liB{I vK450l(P){pplique arno! T S 2 0 0O4!tuad Come! .............. $2.50
World War II White Metal zinn.rl prod.'u@ (asar Ku6*) i24.s0 152005AngleS€djonleft ouvad/nghr inwaid
Vehicle Kits in U76Scale UK27 A33Ex.€kior HeavyTankjBririshbnk p.e
duftd asa prcbry?€only. ...... $13.50 152006AnAleS{rion refi inErd /dght outuard
901 H u n b e r & o u t c a r. . . . . . . . . . . $ 9 . 7 5
902 M 3 C r c y h o u n .d. . . . . . . . . . . $9.75
903 AustinsMtligh(Utiliry ...... $9.75 FirebaseGames T S 2 0 0H7u i . . . . ................. $7.95
90,1
90s
C r d . d i l e T r a i l e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . S a 9 5 Ne{ Mtni.tua Rula tron B.rrt€ lrv.ltl
M20 Amor€d Ublig . . . . . . . . . . s9.75 WRI Oveiod: WalganeRul6 for rheNor
Trade and Dealer
906
q07
ComwellMl.lVD ............ $12.95
HumberLiShrRNn car Mk.3 . . . . s9.75
nandy Canpaigr Jun.A!8 1914 $1.1,95
Inquiries Welcome!
903 MlSHellot $12.95
909 Conwdl Mk.!l D . . . . . . . . . . . . $12,95 To ftqrcst a
910
911
912
HumberUtihy Car3tur . . . . . $9.75
C e n b u r A A M I . I L . . . . . . . , . . . .t 1 3 . 7 5
M:9 Amorcd Ublftt . . . . . . . . . . . $12.95
BRI|IIKHURST
H||BBIES specificlisting:
U,S. Customers:
913 P a n z e r l l A u s a. .D. . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1 1 . 7 5
12188BrookhurstSheet Pleasesenda self-
9r1 P a n z lel F r lam6............ . $11.75 GardenGrove,CA 92640,U.S.A. addressed
915 CenburDozer . . . . .
916 P a n z e r I I A u s .€. C ...
.. $16.95
...... $11.75
Phone(714)636-3580 dudng storehows stampedenvelope
917 P a n z eMr t r s l L ' L l c h s (U.S.PacificTime)or useour 24 hour fax (SASE)with 52c
........ $13.75
gl8 stamp facevalue,
919
LiShiTan*Mk.l4!'Tebarch".... i11.75
P a n z e r l l A u s l. A
number:(714)636-9150 Intemational
............. $11,75
920 CromwellARvMtj .... $16.95 ston HouB: Mon.-Thur.10:30AM to 8 PM (2000);Iri. 10:30 Customers:
921 Tetarch ICs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $13.75 AM to 830 PM (20:30);S.t. 10AM to 7 PM 09:00);Ss. 11AM
ro 5 PM (1200) Pleasesenda self-
922 Aub Union Hdlcn SdKz .69 . , . . . 513.75
923 P a n a r l l A l s t S. . . . . . . . , . . . . . 9 l t r 5
addressedenve-
924
925
Crcow.UMI.VIIw ....,..,. $l2qs
D a i m l € r A m o r cCda r M l . l . . . . . . S l 1 J 5 @@ dd intmational morey
ords (in U.s. dollffi 6).
lope (SAE)witlt
two IRCS.

When rep\ring to adverts please urention Wargames lllustrated.

t2

TABLETOP GAMES WARGAMESRULESFROM TTG

29 BERESFORDAVENUE,SKEGNESS, MODERNPERIOD NAPOLEONIC & T&h CENTURY
LINCOLNSHIRE.
PE25]JF. Challm8cr 20fii rulcs fJ.25 Smnd of rha Guns lU $.?5
PG!8c Racs UK l0% (Min 30!) Diaet 1 (Eurcpcln Lisb) !2.95 Amy List for abovc
DE6! 5 (Resror world LhG) oh NapoleonicList
Ovcls4 t5% (Surfacc)60%(Air)
Genn Ca.dOrdcn , {075J)?67779 .h 4) Yeas (5mm 016) 13.75
Modrm Airrr Hddb&t !l5 20) Ysr My LnL
SENDS,A.E.FORNEW f2.75 Acton UnderSailldr Ed. 13.75
CATALOCUE 9€3.95 Mid l$rh Centory oles t2.95
tu & Se rArAr\J rdd,ns
_ t3fi C.no4 b) | h\ t:7r
pre* nore64 *. rE nou MAjL\ W.R.C RULES & BOOKS Ac.w.
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oRDER {im onty bd wc 0ill sdll he r'Fr'!hr (skmishr !1.75 Ghr lsoJ rula t-: x
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 ll

TANCASHIREGAMES
20 PI,ATTING ROAD,IJYDGATE,OLDEAM OL4 4DL (TeLO457 872212')

l B a r g a iPna c k 1 9 . 5 0 e a c h ; 2 o . 3 B a r g a n P a !c9kesa c h : 4 o r m o r e o n l y e S 5 0 e a( E
c ha c h
p a c kc o n l a i n1s0 0l o o lo r5 0m l d )
(1@F6ro'exoqnrdertscr)
NBP2Fen$Eieemo;rylc€dvohnn

NBP5 a6k an dadt n Be md r^d I

N3P7 AcLan dadt n Hemd lchaiq@r

dpckigElAmYl0s'sPlP1@g'J!+pt0Dts.l

eEheYE4.lFrw4rrsf66m dr4hFke!

STRATAGEM 18 LOVERSLANE
NEWARK,NOTTSNG24 IHZ

Rob Bak€rhas d€sisn€d & MaIk All€n has painted

New 25mm Europeanfigures for the early SeventeenthCentury

for use with our Sugar Wars & Kingdom of Kongo figures.
eachwith four headvariants.sOp/figure.
Officer& Trumpeter.Four musketeers/calivermen
Postage:107" UK, 30% Overseas,50 Australasia

P a c k o f 2 0 f i g u r e s :f 9 . 5 0 p o s t p a i d .
A/so:Marlburian
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190203;
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Highlanders,
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t4

.BAKINGSADDLES'
By PeterDennis

Il $as Andy Callans fauit r€ally.He showedmc thcscfigurcs Be awareofscalerightfrom the siart.I madea figurein what
he d madefor an ACw skirmishgamca couplcof monthsrgo. wecallin the papertradea bastardsize.andso it provedto be
They were made from Fimo he said. and rathcr jolly thcv sinceI ve had to makeeverydamnedthing. However.it did
looked.but I d iried makingfiguresin the pasttlith various leadrneio nake a horse.whichwasa terrificthr'll as I never
brandsof modellingclayandther'lvereneverup to snuff.so I thoughtlcould.Thelirtleblightershavea tendencyto comeout
storedii aivayin ihe backof my mind.on a dustvshelf. tallerlhanyouexpec!.but I rhinkthattheheadis thekey.Make
Thcn I wentrosee Tombstone. Kurt RussellandVal Kilmer the headthe right sizeandthe restwill follow. Fimo is strong
in \,'hackinggreat moustachesand long coats. sawedoff enoughto supportitself$henyouaremakingpeople.but ifyou
sholguns.baddiesin red sashes. . . Healenl I wonder if veniure intohorses. andI hopeyoulvill.youwillneedtomakea
irnybodydoesa reallygoodrangeof s,estemtypes?thoughtI. lvire frame.calledan armature.to supportthe beastwhileyou
ThcnI remembered Andy sfigures.what s asthatstuffcalledl arenaking it. andto ensuredurabilityin use.I usefloristswire
Flyno.rhaishiIllgneirago.Therest.dearreader. ishislory. for rhis.but paper'clipwire wouldprobablt.. do rhetrick too.
I kno$thcrcllbe loadsof)rououl rherethinkingI musthave Animarionis the secretofsarisfaction with theselittle chaps
spenlthc lastlcn )earson M.rrs.but I d ncvercomeacrossthe (asin somanyotherarcasof lifc . . .). Hatea clearideaof the
stuff. I boughra packof wh,rtI thought$as Nhite.but $,asin position vouareainingforrighr fromrhesrarl.Makeadrawing
facrluminous. Beginners luck.thisis thc bcstonetu use.I if it helps.andacrour the pose)ourselflo get a betterideaof
madea co$boy.a fairl)chunkychap$hocamcoutabout35mm 'howthe.armsgo etc.Your lirsrfigureswillprobablyb€ rather
ull. I laidlhelitilcfelloNon a plateandpulhimin theoven.Gas stiff, bur as you becomemoreassuredin your handlingof the
mark I for half an hour. He still seemeda bir bendYwhilehe SacredPaste]roull soonbe lurningout alfsinging.all-dancing
$ashot.truthecooledinto so ofhardplastic.I djustmadea productions. Cometothinkofit.l ve nol mad€anychorus'girls
plasiicfigure.lt tlas a lifc'changing moment. vet...wheresmestuff?
Wh:t itmenntlvasthat I wasfreedfrom thelimitarionsimposed NOT YOU. vou ve got to makesomeMEN first! Get that
on me b) the figure nranufacturcrs. Hcirvcnkno$,sthereare blob of Fimo nice and workablein tour fingers-and turn to
enoughof them.andtherec n l be man! periodsshich are UnclePeres ho$,-ropage. . .
una,'ailable in almostanv scale.bul no$. se can make
absolutcly anyrhing. theonlyIimiris our imagination andski11.
'Ahal l hear\ou sr\'. Thati all !e^ \rell for rou !n\Jrrt\ BOOKS
types.but l nr not thc long lostPerr\ triplell Thcre rre lotsof booksde.rling\\irh rhe old wesr.but I found
No.youre)ou. Anything\'oumirkcsill havc\our stampon Erncsr Lislc RecdstronisHalli. DressoJ the Old West
it. Your idea of pfoportion.of aDimrrion.of drcssand (Blandturd l98O \erv good. For horscmakcrs.,4ni)rdtui)r
characler. It ma).of course. bc a littlcprimili\c.cspccialh rt Mori.,?thc chssicphotographic stud! b] Ead$eardMuybridge
6rst.butthelittleNorldthatyoucrcrrc$,illbcuniqucrnd it $ill (Dorer1957) issrillunberten.
havea Nholeness 0boutil. a unit\ of sr\1crharcomcsfromvour
distinctpersonality expressed lhroughthe figuresandbuildirgs N€rt monlh:TheRules
thatyoumake.It couldevenbe Art.
Scrarchbuilding a !\hole skirmishenvironment.figures nd
all.ispcrfcctll_ iedsible.I inrended to makenrrlbe.rdozenorso
characrers for irgameI hadin mind$ilh REAL shooling(Narch SCHEMATICA
SOFTWARE
this space)buMrs havingsucha brilliant tinre makin-qthe waryames Ruleson DiskforlheAtari, Amiga & IBi,vrc
modelslhatlcouldn-tnop.Withalitilepractice\oucanm ke RTFICHT D-DAYCAMPAICN WITHTHISSPTCIAT OTTTR
figurein abouthalfanhour.Obliousl).themoredetailvou feel
compelledtoputinthe longeritNilltake:I m puttinghammers sirh rr00 r,r001h{alc rmofiinndry Progrin cove4 il*Fc6 0i bblcrop
Bimes i. udiBm ieie dJ,ridio d
on revollersnow. for Gods sake. but theres prob bly rnd sride,lrndnsr
something wrongwith me.Anvwar'.it s amazing ho$ quicklv 5( Rtr1sHER.o\eBrhe nirh 3.tr\ oi hous?b housco,h3dscro hedBpactonr All
seaoon.ao:bilrcs are 6er deiined.i lo\r ior r hu raieouJire. iuromari.tue
thc populationgror\s.so fix ba)onets.felloN megalomaniacs.
s:me. Thesame.:n be.econrkur€dior ANY s:l8:me perod lrom Nrcirhi. ro
(Or in ourcase.I suppose. microlomaniacs.)
SPrCrArD,DAYOfrrr BOTHDTSXSONTv
f 31.9i
The tools neededare minimrl. I carled the end of a
tJinrl.ru,hinlo J ,peJrbladeshrpc.rh.,r' rh( mirn \e.rpon. Nr\! NAPOLTONTC \IORLO ar rr:9t
alra(!r99r CAN1P.{|CN P3Pi.ud.d
thcnI usea craft knifebladeanda pairof plierstbr bendingand
cuttingpinsandpaper'clips lvhichI rse lbr rifle barrels. 3. PrCX.62 8AN$OIIOM, HADnrrD, vr^ HYD[,CH15Hnr9xr4 53Y.
As I mentionedearlier.LuminousFimo seensto havelhe
bcst qualitiesfor this purpose.lt is neitherroo srilTnor roo
loose.as somecoloursare lbr fine tlork. and iI is lery strong
when baked.Fimo sticksto itself Nell. and there isn r anv
problem of time. it doesnl -qooff unril cooked.The onl)
CHELIFERBOOKS
problemwithit. andit ssomething thatall small-scale modellers
Mike Smith
havetroublewith. is over-handling rhepieceasyouwork on it. Todd Close,Curthwaite,Wigton,Cumbria
Our big fat fingerswani to smoothour thosecreases we !e just T e l :0 2 2 87 1 1 3 8 B
madein thatcoat.orflattenthefineRomannoses,e!ejust put MILITARY BOOKS
on SittingBull.If youfollowthesequence I giveyou.handling and Sold Sendsae for c
offinished bitsis keptto a minimum.
 15

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18

TWO
s.\trI.A.B.
byJohn Bartlett

First,may I thankTim Pricefor the originalS-W.A.B. article 6) Resolvegunneryanddanage:You maynot fire into a ship
(w165)andcongratulate the editoronhavinglhegoodsense to thatyourcrewhasboarded.
publishitl No previousarticlehasexcitedmy imaginationas 7) Moveshipj boats.
nuch as S.W.A.B. did. Being a landlubber, I found the 8) Launch./Recover ships'boats-
simplicityofthe sailingandgunneryrules ajoy touse.To ne the 9) Board/Moveboarders/defenders: Eachsiderolls ooe D6r
systemcombinesall lhe goodelementsoftacticalmanoeuvring highestscoremoveshisfiguresfirst.
with thoseofstrategy. 10) Fightindividualcombats-
However.probablybecause ofmybias towardslandactions, l1) Makerepairandsurgeonrolls.
I foundthe rulesfor fightingboardingactionstoo simplisticfor l2) Rollfor changeol $inddirecrionioprional..
my tastes.They didn't really lend themselves to the use of
figures,as one is simplycornparinghighestdice scofes.This
bringsme to the purposeof this article,which is to offer a MOVEMENT
simple,but Norkable.set of:ules for lhe boardingactions, Basicmovementrateis 3 squares.
whichallowthe useof figures. Plust squareforTrainedcrew/marines.
First, somebasics-l increasedthe sizeof the ship coltrol MinusI squareforDreadfulcrew/marines.
plansby 50%,wbichmakesthemjustfit ontoasingle,A4sheel
of cardGeefigure t), whichthenfits nicelyinto the plasticA4 1) Defendersareplacedon the deckplan:helmsnanandsrays
sleevesthat can be purchasedfrom any good stationers.I crewon rear deck.fightingcrewon main deckand repair
acquiredsomeplasticcounlersof differentcolours,greenfor crewon the{oredeck.
Frenchcrew:vellowfor Frenchmarineslbluefor Britishcrew 2) Boardersthen move onto the deck plan: If ships are
and red for British rnarines.at a cost of 2D each.Theseare alongsideeachother then boardersmay comeon at any
15mmin diam€rer.The last alterationwas to devisea ship\ poinralongoneside.but i{ boardersarecomingftom ships'
deck layout. Luckily, Tim at the club had some from a boats,theymustboardat the lowesldecklevel.
boardgame heno longerplayed.(Seefigure2.) Theseako fitted 3) No movenent allowedacrossthethickdarkl;nes,
noracross
just nicelyonto an A,1 size sheetof card, which once again squares containingmaslsorstairwellsrobelowdecks.
allowsthe useof the plasticsleeves,alreadygriddedin 15mm 4) Crew comingdown lrom the riggingmust start rheir lirst
squares whichgivesyouaworkableplayingarea. moveon anyof rhesquares adlacent1othe mastsquare.
Alternatively,asI havedone.cut out the deckplanandstick 5) Crewcomingup from belowmustmaketheir first moveon
it onto eitherhardboardor plywood.cut acrossthe dick dark cithera hatchordoorsquare.
line!, thus separatingthe ship into three pieces.Raise the 6) If door or hatch;s defended.defendermust be killed for
foredeckand rear deck,by glueingtherninto woodenblocks
40crnhigh,adda dividerfor eachsectionand,ifdesired,make 7) Goingup or downfrom maindeckto foredeckor reardeck
stairsfor eachlevel.En€losethe wholeof the outsidein thin takesI squaremovement,
card,providingal0mmrail abovethedecklevelandyouhave a 8) Ifstairwaysto decksaredefended.defendersmust be killed
3D playingarea. beforemovingis allowed.
For figuresI found AB from Haumarkdo a very nice. if 9) lfhelmsmanabandons thehelmoris killed,theshipwilldrift
slightlyexpensive.landingpartyof Britishsailors:10figuresin a downwindat full presentsailsetting.until one sideregains
packcontaining crew,officerandmarine,for t2. Theyahodo a controlofthe helm.turning45%eachmove.
rathernice Frenchinfantry officer in bicornewith one hand
holdinga sword,whilstthe otheris tuckedinsidehiswaistcoat.
whichcanbe usedasa FrenchNavalOficer. FIGHTING
Also they do Frenchinfantry in bicome, one firing. one Individualcombats:roUlD6foreachfigurein conbat.TOTAL
loading and one advancing,which can be used as French afteranyplusor minuses.MUSTbeatopponentby morethanI
marines.As for Frenchcrew. the nearestI could find, was to kill.
Chariol MiniaturesFrenchRevolutionfiguresin lhe woollen
"nightcaps',8 in a packfor I1.10 (althoughyouwill haveto bel) Only figuresin base-to-base conlactnay fight.
carefulnot ro gel a packwith eitherthe serveredheadupon a 2) Door hatch may be defendedabove decksby up to a
pike or th€ figure wearinga grenadierhelmetl)All of these maximumof3 figures.but theymustb€ in squaresadjacent
figuresareniaelydeiailedandpaintup verynicely.allowingthe to the dooror hatchsquare.
useoftheblackwashvarnishinslechnioue. 3) A figureoutnumb€red maychoos€ whichopponenttofighti
thatcombatis resolvefirst (seeexample1).
4) Onlyonefiguremayattackor de{endthestairsto eachdeck.
MOVESEQUENCD s) Onlv one fisure mav attackthe door or hatchfrom below
deck.
t) AllocateCrew:Any crewwishingto go abovedecksfrom 6) Add l to d;eroll if fightingfrom ahigherlevel.
belowto assistin fightingoffboarders,shouldbe removed 7) Additionsor subtractionsto die roll areasfollows:
from the ship€onrrolpanelandpla€edto onesideat this
Marines Crew
2) Movesailmarker (openly). Trained +3 Trained +1
3) Selectnovernentcards(secretly). Average+2 Average+0
4) Revealmovementcards. Dreadful+1 Dreadful-l
5) Moveships.
 l9

Exampl€I
OneBritishTrainedcrewfightingtwo DreadfulFrenchcrew. THE SMALLBACK ROOM
Bl rollsa4 adjustedbecomes a 5. Miniature Painting Seluice
Fl rollsa5 adjustedbecomesa4.
Thuscombatis drawn.
F2 thenrollsa3, adjusiedbecom€sa2. blx)n*rnd friendlysenk?. <,mpdirivelt
Thusgivinga Frenchrotalof6, thereforecombatis drawn.
. scnd six rlar clr$ fimD ori$o IRci f(' r
Bl rollsa3 adjustedbecomesa4. 25mm srmple, or f.ur tur clrss fimpi f,r
Fl rollsa 2 adjustedbecomes
a1 1lt6d \lhplc lnd an inf(,mnbn pr.k
Thusthe Frenchcrewmanis killed. . Pl$ f(trever' ll0fe on order\.
F2 thenrollsa 6 adjustedbecomesa5. , \u{,mcn R Ju!,tuf ( rll} .n,ftJ 'nk,
Thus the Frenchtotal is 6 thereforethe British crewmenis
tdinrcd fisurc$otrh( !inneschon!.
killed,leavingoneFrenchcrewmanalive.
Tetetkofle: Aa3I 45671
As an optionalextrawe allowfor a possiblechangein the TSBR.,12ASHFI€LDS
ROAD.SHRfVSBURY.SHROPSHIRI
SYI JsR
winddirection.Atthe endof eachmovesequence rollone D6.
If a scoreo{ 6 comesup thenthewindhasshifteddirection.Roll
the D6 again,oddsthe windhaschanged45%to $e right, and
€vens45%to the left.
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 1l

..ALLIS IOST SAVEHONO['R"

TheBattleof Pavla,24 February1525
By Marln N. Jones
Wben FrancisI of Francerode to victory at aheBattle of obviousfrom the s1art.An isolatedgroupofspaniardslried to
Marignanoin 1516few couldhave foreseenthe disasterthat defenda tower that guardedone of the bridgesoverthe river
wouldovertake theFrenchcausein ltaly lessthanl0yearslater. and when they eventuallysurrenderedto one of the French
"for daring
He wasmaslerofallhesurveyed.a PrinceamongstPrinces and commanders, Montmorency,he had themhanged
beinglikenedby someto the secondCharlemagne. So what toresisttheKing'sarmyina pigeon-lofl".
wentso badlywrongfor the Frenchandwhy andhow did they Next the Frenchattemptedto divert the Ticino river, but
lose sobadly at Pavia? torrential rains demolishedthe dan they had built further
As usual,the politicsofthe daydictatedthe militaryevents. upstream,so the plan to attackfrom the southwasshelved
With treacheryandbrokentreatieslitteringthe scenethe exact Therenow occuredoneof the eventsthat hasdividedstudents
causeof the Frenchcollapseis in itself far more complicated ofthis battlefor generations. Why did Francissuddenlysendat
thanthe courseof the battle.but there can be liide doubt that least 6.000troops under the Duke ofAlbany (a Scotl)to attack
thesplitbetween theFrenchKingandthepetulantConstable of the Naples region? Perhapsit was in the hope that the
France,Charles,Duc de Bourbon.washugelydamaging to the NeaoolitanP€scara would rushbackto protecthis own lands
prospectof Frenchvictoryin NorthernItaly. Basicallythe root and therebycause a splitinthe lmperialistranks.Unfonunately
causeofthis splil comes down to money and jealousy. Charles for rhe French that didnl happen andeventswereto showthat
and the King had once been the firmestof friends,indeed Franciswould missthosetroops more than he would know
Charleswas giventhe highly prizedpositionof Govemorof beforeverylong.Howeverthernovedid gei thePope,Clement
Milan by Francis,so clearwasthe trustbetweenthe two men. VlI, out in theopenon thesideofthe Frenchforthe promiseof
But the growingpowerof Admiral Bonnivetreallyupsetth€ l d n d s t o r l h e P a p a c y w h e n F l a n c i s w o n l h e c a m p a i g n . . . a g
cartasCharlesfelt totallyisolatedfrornthe favourofhis King, though,thiswasnot exactlyall it seemed.ClemenlVII hefb.e
and truth be told Francisdid very little to lead him to think taking the Papal crown was actuallya leadinglight of the
otherwise. when in 1523Francisbeganto takeCharleslandsto powertulMedicifamilyfrom Florence,Giulio de'Medici,and
pay off his hugedebtsand financehis next invasionof ltaly washighlyaccomplished at the nobleart of fence-sitting.His
thingswentfrom badtoworse. supponofF anciswasin the endto be worsethanworthless.
NaturallyCharleswasn'texactlypleasedwith this tum of By now the wiflter weatherwas playing havoc with the
events,especiallywhen Francisappearedto be offeringthe besieging Frenchforcesandit couldn'thavebeendoingLeyvah
hand of his mother.Louise,as a bride for the angryDuke. goutmuchgoodeither.ManyFrenchcaptainsadvised the King
Bourbonsigneda secretdealwirhCharlesV, Francis's greatest to retireto Milan for the restofthe winter.but he wouldhave
'France\ noneof it. No King ofFrance,he is believedto havesaid,had
enemy,in July 1523$at waseventuallyto deliverup
entrails'. When Francis got wind of Bourbon\ treachery ever bes'e-sed a town without taking it. Gallic pride and an
Charleswasforced 1(rfleefor hisli{eandthewarthatwasto lcad underesrimation of the enduranceof Leyva and his land-
to disasterfor theFrenchwaswell andtrulv on sknechts wasthereforeto condemnhisown troopsto an awful
I wouldlike. if I may.ro skipthroughtheeventsleadingup to
Pavia,sufficeto saythat first one side had lhe olher by tbe Meanwhilethe lmperialisthad problensof their own, rhe
throat and then the reversewould happen.The Frenchlost main one being money.The problen with hiring all those
heavilyin 1524whenBonnivetwasforcedto retreatfromSesia, strappinggreat mercenaries wasthat the brutesneededpaying.
the gallantBayarddying whilst €ommandingthe rearguard. Bourbonhadactuallyhiredaround6,000landsknechts and500
Bourbonlaunch€d an atlackintothesouthofFrancethatat first Flemishcavalrymen with moneylent to him by CharlesV and
did well. but thengot boggeddown tryingro take Marseilles. Lannoytoo had somehowmanagedto get his handson more
MeanwhileFrancishimselfattacked into northernItaly via the men,but theyhadto forcea battleafldquickiftheirmen were
not to desertor mutiny.All dependedon lhe French,if they
As the Frenchpoureddownthe mountainsthe Imperialists couldbe sornehow drawninto battleandout of their fortified
quicklythrewgarrisons intothetownsof PaviaandAlessandria, positionsthenperhapsthe Irnperialists werein wiaha chance.
but hadto leaveMilaniaselftotheadvancingenemyforces. This Thingswerebad in Paviatoo, wirh the garison t€aringdown
left Franciswith the problemofwhat to do next.Shouldhe go hous€sforfirewoodandLe,ryabusymeltingdownchurchplate
afterthe retreating{oe to stopthem r€organising in the Lodi andevenhisownsoldchainof officeto payhismen.
areaor try to take Pavia?He decidedto lake the lattercourse, As the winterdraggedon the Frenchnobilityandtheir King
promptingthe ImperialislcommanderPescarato claim:"We paid scantattentionto the plight of their men, preferringto
weredefeated.Soonweshallbe victorious!' lodgethemselves in variouscastles,nanors and abbeysthat
Pavia,asFranciswasaboutto Iind out for himself.wasa very dotredthe surroundingcountryside. The King himselfmoved
toughnut to crack.Enclosedon threesidesby strongwalh, its into the Mirabello Park, a walled hunting estatethat had
southernsidewasprolectedby the naturalbarrierofthe riv€r belongedio the Dukesof Milan, situatedimmediat€lyto the
Ticino. Pavia'sgarrisontoo would bc no poshover,some northofthe town.The terrainin the parkwasrollingandopen
5'6,000GermansandSpaniards underthe commandofone of in places,thoughthereweremanyclumpsof treesandshrubs
the bestgeneralsof the era, Antonio de Leyva.The French andalsolittlestreams andbrooksthathadbeen layedouttogive
reached therrtargelon 2b Ocrober. \el up lheirrarrourcamps the Dukesbetterhunting.Despiteits nearness to the conflict
and beganthe bombardmentof the walls on 6 November. theMirabellowassoquietthatmanyofthe Frenchcavalryused
Fortuneappeared to be smilingonthemasthreedayslaterthey it to grazetheirmounts.
hadcreateda seriousbreachin thewallsandwenifor anassault. But thingsrlerenot to remainquietfor muchlongeras,on 22
but heretheir luck changedand they were beatenbackwith January.the Inperial forcesmarchedout of Lodi wherethey
heavylosses.Ir was not 1o be a gentlemanlyfighti that was hadassembled undertheircomm:inders, Lannoy,Pescara and,
 ot course, the vengeance,seeking Bourbon. Inirially they
marchednorthtowardsMilan in an artemptto drawth€ Fr€nch
awayiiom Paviabut. whenit becameobviousthat this wasn't
working.they veeredro the south-westand soon they were
facingthe Frenchoverthe smallVemavolariverro the eastof
Pavia.In conditionsthat wereto look remarkablvlike thoseof
rhe 19141918war they poundedea€horher over a 50 yard /it
// \t
stretchof mudfor roughlythreeweeks.
The Imperialforcesconsistedof roughly 12,000cerman \9 .i
pikernen.6,500Italianand Spanishinfanrrymen.800men,at,
arns. 1,500light cavalry and 17 guns. (The exact figures
involvedfor bothsidesarevague,to sayrheleast,andvaryfrom
11''r
oneauthorityto another).The Frencharethoughtto havehad
some10,000Swissand5,000otherpikemen,6,000 Frenchand
3.000 ltalian arquebusien,1,200 men,at-arms,2,000 light
cavalryand 53 guns- around28,000in all. Bur once again
desertrons wereto playan imponantpartin the ourcomeofthe
forthcomingbattl€.The Imperialforcestried a surpriseattack
on lhe gatesof the Mirabelloon 4 February,but werebeaten
backin sonetruly viciousfighting.
Suddenly thingsstartedto go badlywrongfor theFrench.On
9 Februarylhe Imperialists managedto getrhroughrheFrench
linesinto Paviawith a largequantityof rnuchneededpowder.
Imperialistnorale got yet anotherboost when the Iralian
condottierecommanderGiovannide' Mediciwasouite badtv sappers to work. li wasa dark.stormynightandsoahesoundso{
qoundedinask,'mishar Pavraonl7 Februarlandihe Frencir the picks.ramsandshovelswouldhavebeenlargelyrnufiled as
Iost the serviceof not only M€dici himselfbut also a large the\appe^$enl lo $ork. $hilerherestof rhearm).{earing
proponionofhis infamous'Black Band'('Bandervefe')asthey whiteshirtsover thcir armouras a field sign,waitedfor their
left for thequieterclimbsofPiacenza to recover.But worsewas comradesto batterdownthewall.Theoperationtookfarlonger
to comeason 20 Februar)rhe Sw'\-Crison conlingentsere thanexpected.but comedawnthreelargebreaches had been
calledback acrossthe Alps lo defendtheir own landsfrom madeandthe Imperialisa forcesbeganto streaminto lhe Park
attack.Theexactfigur€sinvolvedhereareagainnot knownfor itself.Due to the desenionsmentionedabove.Francisdidn t
certain,but conservative estimatesput Fr€nchlossesat around haveenoughmento throw out a cavalryscreenthat mayhave
8,000rnen- Atthe finalbattlethereforerherwoarmieswouldbe detectedthe Imperialistsbeforetheygot throughihewall.The
very similarin strength,but therecanalsobe little doubrthat elementofsurprisewasverydefinitelywith the lmpeial forces
theselosses hurt th€ Frenchverybadlyindeed. andtheFrenchfoundthatthevcouldntconcentrate theirforces
By 23Februaryit wasapparentro all in the Imperialistcamp fastenoughtocounterth€ rapidlydeployingImperialists.
that the Frenchwere not going ro move from rheir various One section of th€ lmperialistarmy under Vasto went
campsaroundPaviaandthat theyneededro try againin their thunderinginto the Mirabello chateau itself, hop€tu| of
effortsto forcea battle.Timewasnowagainstthem.Lelaa had catchingFrancisasleep.thoughunfortunately tbr th€mhe was
got a nessage out sayingthathe wouldn'rbe ableto hold Pavia spendingihe nighi with his troopsin the si€gelines,no doubt
much longer,and this was compoundedby the facr that the makingbattle plansof hn own. Although taken by surprise
Imperialiststhemselves were runningshort of food. Bourbon Fnncis actedwith commendable speedandthe advancing foes
beggedthe othercornmanders to attackwithoutdelayand he wercmetby theFrencharmyin moreor lessa battleformation.
wasbackedby thenorrnallyuhracautiousPescara. Yetwithout This was no mean feat becauseth€ appearanceof the
thedesertionsofthe SwissandtheBlackBanditis vervdoubtful Imperialists tuomthenorthhadforcedthemloreverse ftont and
lharLannoywould haven,keda bdrrle for a timethe Frenchwerein totaldisaray.Francisleft thebulk
Th€ Frenchtoo were somewhatdividedin their reaclion!o of the Frenchfoot to hold the line of the Vernavolastream.
the Swissand Black Band problen. Mosr of the French whilsttakingcommandofhisgendarmes in thecentreofhis new
generals,includingthe influentialMarshalde la Palisseand oosition.and Dlacedthe Swisson his left and the Germans
Marshalde la Tremouillewerefor retreatingto fight another undertheirEnglishleader.RicharddelaPole(nicknamedThe
day. But Bonnivet, speakinglast. told Francis that his White Rose'because of his Yorkist a.cestry)on hisright. His
commanders had lostrheir collectivenerveandwerebasicav majorproblemwasthathe wasunable1oreallymakeuseofhis
rooold lor rheiob In hand Bonn'!etwenron ro arguerharlh; full strengthas Aleneon,guaidingrhe westemsideof Pavia,
Frenchalwayswon when led by their King- -We Frenchmen waspreventedfrom joining the battleby a furiousattackby
neverrefusebattle and are not usedlo wagingwar by little Le)ryaandhislandsknechts. Francishadalreadyorderedpartof
stratagems,but instead show forth our banne^ proudlv. the Swissinto a€tion under the commandof Fleurange,
e.pecially "hen we hale tor a generat a brareKingwho cin probablyasa holdingaction.whilethe reslofthe armytriedto
make even cowardsfight. Sire. give batilet" With those assemble.Indeed we have the evidenceof Frundsbers,
boastful.foolishwordsBonniversealedthe fate of th€ French commander ofsomeofthe Imperiallandsknechts, thatsuggests
armyat Pavia. that the lmperialfor€eswerespottedby someFrenchcavalry
Sometimebetween10pn and midnighton 23 Februarythe whoimmediately fell backto theirownlines,thusimplyingthat
lmperialists began ro mo!eouror theircampundertheco;erof the attackwasnot asunexpected assomecommentators would
an artillerybarrageand,leavinga tokenforcebehind.marched haveus believe.Frundsbergaho statesquite clearlythat the
nonhwards.alongthe east€mwall ofthe MirabelloPark_The Frenchadvancedto meetthem in good order with all their
spotat whichtheyfinallyhaltedis alsoin dispute-ir mayhave men-at-arms. lighthorse.Swissandlandsknechts-fronted by at
beenat the northernendofthe eastwallor nearrherniddleof least40 gunsthat'shot terriblybut did not do muchdamage'.
ihe northwall bul, whereverir was,the lmperialislssertheir Agai. thiswouldseemto showthal the Frenchwereexpecting
somekind of attackor, at the vety least,it showsthat Francis anythingintheworld. Imustdie!'hecriedasheopenedhisvisor
reactedvery quickly to the Imperial army apPearingout of the to expose his throat. His bodywasfoundafterthebattleby none
earlymorningmisl- oth€rthanBourbon.'wretch! You werethe causeof France\
Around8.00amFrancisknewthat thiswasa fullscaleassault ruin andofminel', he is saidto haveyelledin hisfury.
and thereforewent onto the offensive.Accountsof what Francishinself foughton until overwhelmed. A magnificent
actuallyhappened next and the exact order in whi€h they figure. wearing asilversurcoat andwith long plumes thatswept
happenedareconfusingto saythe least.what is certainis that over his shoulders,he foughl with a greatgold-hiltedsword,
Francishimselfled a fiercechargeofthe genda.merie that cut dispatching severalSpanishofficersbeforehis horsewasshot
acrossthe lineof fire of the artillerythathadbegun to do some from under him. wounded in the ight arm, right hand and
seious damage to the front line units of the Imperial forces. above the eyebrow, he loowasatlaststruckto theglound.The
Naturallythe commanderof the guns,Galiot, had to givethe SDanish arouebusiers toreoff hissurcoatandw€reaboutto kill
orderto cease fir€, notwantinglobethemanwhowentdownln him *hen ihe Marquisde Pompernanl,his Iace coveredin
Frenchhistoryasthe manwho blewhisown King to bitsin the blood,managed to forcehiswaylhroughthemobandaskedthe
middleofa baltle.Francisand the gendarmerie went smashing King to surender to Bourbon.Francisrefusedto give up his
into the front ranksof the lmpeial forces.The chargewas swordto a traitor.Lannoyandhismeneventuallyreceivedthe
aimedat lhe lmperialistheavycavalryand the Fl€mishhorse King\ swordandFranciswas ledawayto awaithisfatewhilethe
pushed victorious Spanish shouted 'Vittoria! Vittorial EspanalEspa-
rais€dby Bourbon.They werebadlymauledand well
backtowardsthe breaches in the Mirabellowalls,losingtheir
commander,lhe Marquis of Sant'Angelo,in the fighting. By 10.00am theBattleofPaviawasall butover.TheImperial
Franciswassurethathe hadalreadywontheday,'lt is nowthat losseswere put between400 and700men.TheFrenchcasualtiee
I wishto be calledthe Duke of Milan! be is thoughtto have weremuch.muchhigher possibly13,000dead,all the artillery
shoutedto Lescunas the Imperialistsrelrearedbeforehim. lostandaround5,000prisoners. As the toll ofthe Frenchdead
Indeedthingsdid look goodforthe FrenchastheyaPPeared to becamekno*n the namesof Bonnivet.de la Palisseandde la
be about to encirclethe flanks of their enemies.The light Tremouillcwere joined by de la Pole, Francisde Lorraine,
cavalrywerealsoattackingon the othe: sideof the field Even Galeazzode SanSeverino,Lescunand Rene of Savoy,who
'Thereis both died of their woundsshortlyafter the battle.The list of
the normallyconfidenlLannoywasheardto mutter.
no hopebut in God', andhe madethe signof the crossashis prisonerswas impressivetoo; apart from Francishimself,it
rnenlookedlike losingheartandthebattleitself.ltwasa€ritical includcdHenri d'Albert the King o{ Navarre,LouisComt€de
timefor the Imperialistarmy. Nevers.Anne de Montmorency,Fleurange,Brion, Galiot,
But the Frenchinfantrywere loo slow in followingup the Lorgcs. La Rochepot,Annebaultand Langey-The French
successoftheir Kingandthe€avalry.TheImperialists managed army of northernltaly had beentotally destroyedin a litde
lo reformandthe tide of battletumedin theirfavourfor good
whensome1,500Spanisharquebusien,supportedby Spanish why did Francissuffer sucha crushingdefeat?After all,
prior to the
oikemen.movedover frcm the centreand took the French althoughthey had lost men through desertion
€avalryin the rear. Althoughthe Frenchfoughl bravelythey battle, the French did have a slight numerical advantage and
couldfl'tusetheirlancesproperlyin the broken,bushyterrain they certainly had more artillery and nore cavalry. The
that favouredlhe disciplinedvoll€y fire of the lmperialists. Imperialists werebetteroff strategically thantheFrench,asthe
positionsaroundPaviagreatly
Scoresof cavalrymenand lheir mountswent crashingto the latter'srelianceon theirfortified
ground as the guns made their advantagetell. The 5.000 r€strictedtheir freedomof movement.The scatterednatureof
Germanlandsknechts underRicharddela Polesuddenlyfound theFrenchlinesalsogoes a longwayto explainingwhythe Srviss
and otherFrench infantrywere so slow in gettingto thefieldand
themselvessurroundedby at least double that number of
ImperialGermanhalberdiers, who duly cut themdownalmosa alsowhy som€units neverturned up at all. The lmperialists
to a man. the white Roseand nearlyall his brotherofficen wererhereforeableto pick their point of attack,andwith the
dyingwith the nen. On the oahersideofthe field Pescara had helpofthe gallantLe,rya,wereableto attackthe Frenchfrom
managed ro recallVasto'spartyftom theMirabetlochateauand two sidessimultaneously. They alsohadmanynore arquebu-
they launched lhemselves at the half-h€ariedSwiss who, seeing siers than the French a telling weaponon theday.
rnanyof the Frenchforcesattemptingto escapethe gun fire, The Frenchcausecannothave been helpedby Fnncis\
brokeandmadea run for safety,despitethe effortsofFraflcis charaeacrossthefaceof hisownguns,despitetheinitialsuccess
himselfwhohadgallopedacrossthe field in an attemptto rally of tie move. The artillery was beginningto infli€t serious
his mercenaries.Many of the Swissand other retreating damaqe on rheImperialisl armyandlheFrench intanlry$eIeby
Frenchmen wer€drownedtryingto swimtheTicino.The panic no maan5readylo follow up. B l \urel) the brggestmirlake
quicklyspreadto otherpartsofthe Frencharmy.Aleneon- a madebv theFrenchthatdaywasto underestimate thechallenge
manof shallowunderstanding'who hadbeenadmittedlyleft of the S;anisharquebusien. Even though they had beentaking
withoutanyordersby Francis,neverjoinedthe Kingin hisnow serjousaasualtiesin therun upto PaviatothisPrimit;vefirearm'
desperate fighl- Whenhe sawthe Swissbreakandrun he too Francishadnevermanaged to cometotermswlthtispowerover
retreated,burningthe bridgesbehindhim and thus lrapping more traditionalmethodsof warfare.He himselfblamedthe
many Frenchmenon the wrong side of the river. (Alenqon defeaton the Swiss,but reallythissmacksof sourgraPesmote
managedto get back to France,bul was to die aloneand in thancoldreality.
disgrace, reviledbyall asa cowarda meretwo monthsaftertbe Would Francishave fought the battle without Bonnivefs
battle.) illthoushtoutadvice?Yes,Ithinkhewould. Evenif Bonnivet
Francisandthe gendarmerie foughton alone.Paviabecame did takathe blameupor himselfwithhis deliberatesearchfor
the slaughrerground ofthe Frenchnobilily,the greatestlossof death,therecanbe no hidingfrom the factrhatthe Kingwasa
Frencharistocracy sincethe battleo{ Agincourtin 1415.The very proud man and also quite confidentin his own ability
victon of Marignanofell 1o the bullets and bladesof the Theraforesomesort of actionwasboundto be taken againstthe
Imperialistforces-Two Marshalsof Francewere amongthe lmperialistssooneror later. The problemwith Paviawasthat
slain.dela Palisse anddelaTremouille,whowasnearly70years onaethe Imperialistsmadetheirmovethe initiativewasfirmly
old, and Admnal Bonnivet. Bonnivet deliberatelysought with themthroughoutthe battle,eventhoughthe Frenchwere
death. 'l cannotsurvivesuchdisaster,suchdestruction,for nearlysu!r<ssh,lwith the chargeof thegendarmerieButasso
 21

when it comesto the orderofbattlewe areagainfacedwith

NOPTHFARNBORO
UGHWARGAMES
SOCIETV ihe problemof conflictinginformation.Somesourceshave
Frundsberg at the batlle.otben do not, statingthat thoughhe
raisedforcesfor th€ campaign.he stayedawayhimself.Given
VALHALLA'94 on
the man'sreputationI feel surethat BOTH sideswouldhave
noticedhispresence on thefield andso I go forthe versionthat
saysthat he stayedaway.However.therearesomeformidable
Sunday19thJune 1994 unitsfor theeagerRenaissance playertogethisorherteethinto
at - the Frencbgendarmeie.the BandeNere, the Swissand
FaJnboaough CommunltyC6ntre, Spanishand.of course.the landsknechts themselves.
EllesRoaal,Falhborough,Hants. Histoicon '94 in Lancaster.Pennsvlvania will see a full
hands-onparticipationgameof the MirabelloPark finale of
Paviastagedby Kevin Krauseand Bill Lucasof Gladiator
Games.They will be using figures and terrain from the
o DisplayWargames GladiatorGames'EarlyRenaissance range.with superfast.yet
o playable,rulesbeingprovidedtoo. Theirorderofbattlewill be
asfollows:
o DBACompelition
o TradeSlands THEFRENCH
o PainlingCompelilion
SwissDivision:48Pik€men
tr B ng-and-8uy
Stall 12Halberdiers
8 Crossbowmen
o BarandRefreshments
F.enchGendarm€rie:18MountedGendarmes
For competlion enlry detailsandludher niornation co.tact
BandeNere: 40 Pikernen
DavidOliver 41 Pe.shurstDrive,Frimley,Cmbeney.
8 Halberdiers
S u i i e y G U 1 6s X X T e : 0 2 5 2 8 3 7 7 5 2
(evenings)
8 Arquebusiers
Nodh FamborouqhWafgamesSocielymeetsevefy F iday
(6 30 pm' 10 00 pm) al the above addfess A typesol wargames,
FrenchInfantrJ: 36 Pikemen
board dd foe play.g games are payed New nembers we eon e 12Halberdiers
14Crossbowmen/Arquebusiers
(50/50)
tutilery: 5 Gunsand20Crew
oftenin hhtoryweseethat 'nearly'j ustisnt goodenoughwhen
itcomesto winningbatrles andwars.
Francis himself knew irnmediatelythat the defeat was THE IMPERIALISTS
serious.He wrote to his mother.ruling in Franceduringbis
absence in ltaly, "AU is losi savemy honourandmy life". Borh Vasto'sDivision:20SpanishArquebusiers
Francisand Francewereto pay a heavypricefor the defeatof 4 MountedCrossbowrnen
Pavia-He wasto spendlongyearsin captiviryin Madridandwas Pescara's
Division:24 SpanishPikemen
only releasedin an excbangefor his rwo youtg sons.Their 6 SpanishMen at'Arms
fieedomwasto costFrance somefour anda halfronsofeoldand
.lill fu'rherconce\sron5 ro Charlesandrhe lmpenali.r,. And Lannoy'sDivision:,10LandsknechtPikemen
whalofBourbon?Basicallyhistrearywith the Emperordidnl 8 LandsknechtHalberdiers
lastvery longand he wasevenafraidthat he wouldbe handed l4 Arquebusiers
backto the Frenchat a larerdate.havingbeentriedasa trailor Bourbon'sDivision:40 LandsknechrPikemen
in his absence by a coun in Paris.He was left alonein lraly l4 LandsknechrArquebu(iers
withoutany ordersfrom the Enperor, probablydeliberately, 8 LandsknechtArtillery
andtumedinto a War Lord (Outlaw?)adoredby nonesavebis 6 SpanishYr-armoured Cavalry
landsknechts. In March1527theImperialarmyin Itatywasnear
to mutiny,havingbeenIeft wirhourpayfor manymonths.and RearGuard: 16ltalianPikemen
Bourbonbecametheir leaderwhenhe prornised to makethem 4ltalian Halberdiers
all richby sackingRomeitself.ln May rheyreachedthecity and 4Italian Arquebusiers
the sackthat followedwasunparalleled in savageryandlasted A.tillerJ: 2 Gunsand6 Crew
fbr weeks-Bourbon,though,didn r live ro seehishandiwork-
hewaskilledin anattackon thecastleSant'Angelo. somesayin It shouldbe a lot of fun, sodon'tforgerto givethe gam€a try -
an attemprto capiureihe Popeand hold him to ransom- the youneverknow.youmighlactuallylike itl
ambitiousaristocratto the vervend.

SELECTED
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PAVIA ASA WARGAME
Die Schlacht Bei Pavia.R Thorn,1907.
ObviouslyPavia presentsany gamer wiih severatpossible Ptince of *e Renoksance,the Lile of Fruncis I, D. Sewa:dd,
scenarios,from the siegeitselfandall its a$endantassaulrs
and t973.
skirmishes,to thefinalfightin iheMirabelloPark.Th€numbers Life in RenaissanceFrunc?,L. Febvre,1977.
involvedduring rhe entire rime span of the fight changed F/arcir 1. R.J. Knechl.1982.
considerably aswe haveseen,thoughagainthe finalconfronta,
tion wasto seetherwo sidesnearlyevenlymatch€d.
26

THEMEROVINGIANFRANKS
Part4b(Strategg)
By GuyHahall

In this pan of the series,as promised,I addressthe waysin I would propose,then, that young adult Franks formed
whichtheearlyFrankswagedwar,andso,inaway,finallycomecontubemia of their fellows and/or took service with
]unntly
to the relatively restrictedaspectof warfarein which wargamers royalofficersandothermagnates aspreri.Theachievements of
are most interested.As ever, the amountof mateial over_ thisage-grade broughtstandingin thecommunity,andpossibly
whelmedme, and soonmadethis too longfor a singlearticle. rewardsin landandtitles.Theserewardswouldbe the basisof
Consequently, after somefurthet thoughtsuPon raisingthe the warrior'sstatusand landsin later life (Charles-Edwards
army,' this part will discussMercvingianstrategyand cam_ 1976discusses a similar'career-path' for theearlyAnglo-saxon
paigning.Nextmonth,I will examinebattlefieldtactics- warrior). Fightingin rhe royal army in the ftequentwarsof
sixth-centuryGaul might bring a young mafl to the King's
attention,with even greaterpotentialrewards.Once settled
RAISINGTIIE ARMY: THE ROLE OFAGD downwith a familyandlands.the manbecamean ingalxur,a
freeman.This is clearerstill amongthe Alamans,with whomI
One important aspect which I forgot to discussin Part 4a
wil dealin Part5.
concernsthe role of ag€-groupsin sixth_centurymilitary affairs. lheseyoungwarriors.
cemereries of ttere is.Ihen. \copelol Iepresenling
To put it briefly, analysis of the furnished Zulu unmaded regrments, in a
'northemGaul'andsouthemGe.manysuggests thatin thelate in a less fornal way akin to
Frankish army list. Similar arriorswould form the retinuesof
fifth andsith centuries,in the absence of a rigidlyformalised
'vertical'hierarchyof ranks and classes.societywas largely DukesandCounts.
ordered around gendet and age-groups(just as ar€ many
societies in East Africa). In military termsthis seemsto have
manifesteditself in formal
'warrior' agegrades.In Lorraine, RAISINGTHE AIMY: SCCRA-E
weaponryin bu alsmostclearlysymbolises menbetw€enabout The secondaddendumto Part 4a concemsthe existenceof
t$enly andfony yearsot age.Oldet men 'till recei\eweapon' selectbands,or scarae.To my knowledge,these are first
but are more commonly buried with a wide rangeof other attested;n 631, when. in a descriptionof Dagobert I's
'masculine'grave-goods (flints.strike-alightsetc.), and espe- ThuringiancampaiSn. the Austrasian armywasjoinedbyrcala€
'selectedstrongmen from Neustriaand Burgundy,under
ciallyknives.Giventhe similarityinshapebetwe€nknivesand of
scramasaxes, I haveinteryret€dtheseassymbolsoflast and/or theirdukesandcounts'(Frcdegr, Chrcnicle,Iv.74,'sca nde
reducedmembenhipof the weapon'bearing group.' electis viis fottis de Neuser et buryundia cum ducebuset
It seemsthat a man's social standing,in sixth-century Rntonebu! 'crum habeL\' - a lar exampleof Fredegar's
northernGaul,couldbe acquiredthrougha€hievements whilst ;rrociousLarrnl').Thismighrane\ta molesocially \electr!e
of this weaponbearingage.The foot_loose, as yet landless. leq, and thus suppo( my argumentin Part 4a about the
youngwarriorsof thisageweresomethingof a socialproblen changingnatureof the Frankisharmy in the seveflthcentury.
for theFrankishkings,asfor EastAfricansocieties, if I amright The rcalaewere to play an importantpan in Charlemagne's
in identifyingthemwith the cotrrbelr?ia(gangs)mentionedin
Frankishlaw.I alsotentativelyidentifythen with sorneal least
of the pll€d mentionedin the sources.Here I departfrom my
statements aboutlhepaeriin part4a.SincethatwaspublishedI SUPPLIES ANDLOGTSTICS
have caried out further examinationof the contextwithin So. at last.we haveseenwhat Frankishwarriorslookedlike,
whichwemeetthese'boys'in narrativesources. Althoughthere andlookedat how an armywasraised.Onceraised,how did a
are occasions whenthey are clearlyslaves,in mostrettrences Frankisharmy wagewar?The filst concernof any army is to
they are personalretainers,usuallyarmed;they are sent on supply itself. Early Frankishlogisticswere often not very
missionsas messengeN, or to kill or kidnappeople,andon a effective,but weremoresophisticated thanmightbe supposed.
numberof occasions they demonstrate a readiness to quarrel The lateRomanEmpirehadexactedfromi1scitizensa dutyof
and a willingness to leapto their weaponsand setabouteach providingfood ard shelterfor the inperial postalservice.By
'youngbloods'(cp. cregory of Tours' day and into the seventhcentury, the
otherwhichis far from unusualwith such
above all, Gregory, HislolieJ VII.3. where the Penguin Merovingiankingsappearto haveextendedthis to €overall
translationrendersprer as'suppoaer').ln the vastmajority of peopleon royal service(cp. Ripuaian la|t 68.iii), possibly
cases, theycertainlydon'l seemunfree,thoughtheirhousehold includinsthe armv. The lo€al countsand their subordinates
statusmay have led to them being lumped logether with wouldu;e thisduti to appropriate foodsluffsandothersupplies
domesticslavesandservants. andassemble them at pointson $e line of mar€h.Perhapsthe
The lawsdo not valuethe pup/, /e8ir asfull freemen,but a bestinsightinto theworkingsof Merovingian logisticsconcerns
moresophisticated consideration shows.firstly,that the word the marriageprocessionof PrincessRigunth, daughterof
insenws (tueeman\ is rather more restricted than oft€n ChilpericI in 584. Rigunth set off for Spain to marry the
believed,and,secondly, thattheslave/free dichotomyis not the Visigothicprince Reccared(the weddingnevercameabout)
onlyonewhichcanleadto a lowerpergrld(blood-pnce). Early with her householdand their followers,a hugebaggage tran
west Saxonlaw (Ine'slaws)differentiated betweenthosewith and escort,a columntotallingover 4,000peopleaccordingto
and thosewithout land. Whateverthe case,thereis no doubt cregoryof Toun (lldtofler VL45). The wholerathershambo-
that the pa?r/ rcgrr were not just another kind of anrrzrrio; the liccolumnresembled an armyin morethanjustsize.The king,
blood-price of z rcyal annustio was three times that of an says Gregory, provided no resourcesfrom the royal fisc to
ordi,naryingenuus. supply it. Instead,provisionswere requisitionedfrom the
inhabitants,probably using the duty just mentioned,and
stock-piled alongthe route.Nevertheless, Rigunth'sprocessior
still robbedand plunderedas it madeits way south.Gregory
also indicatesthat the column coveredeight Roman miles
(about13km)duringthe first dayofits march.This night be a
fair indi€ationofthe rateofmarch ofmajor armiesin the early pEroouctioDs
middleages,thoughRigunth'sprocession was perhapsmore
(ls'/mfsafts de:istud bt Tin Hall'tu)
encumbered with wagonsand other impedimentathan were
smallraidingarnies.
The systemwasthusnot entirelysatisfactory, and liableto
breakdown,reducingforcesto livingoffthe landwhilstwithin
AGT
PINNTIS'
A! odioD'l] nomi*d h.r i the"mnd bsulnot o(or Duk AgtPtonr
friendlyterritory.This, needlessto say, broughtabout much ms. ltr butrh oi h@lign EDr*nt thetw"peqh, t}ox dan
miseryandduly harshcommentfrom observerssuchasGregory *hi"i-r.d hdihrm ot d;bftliemrdmeor Rb'edbvnmch to d't
'gtud' you wrFme rmis md
ofToun. In 590,on its waylo attackltaly, an Austrasianarmy c;ntryride 6bbh th/r b,E Jddt
.olldtoG.Ii, Dodey c@,NOI Lbb L k' r&idd"i!hrnorL)
comnandedby Duke wintrio of Champagne evensackedthe
mnmenr of "aDos md equipnmol .liddv ben.iqulin ilu Lhar0{ ftn
royalcapitalat Metz(or possiblyjustthe suroundingterritory; yokel(o6i6,&liig $m peilRIforLh.sen.dlhl1 rre.ofthr.E sgo
I',itor,?s X.3). Darnageto friendly teritory by Frankisharmies on,eir $m r , hunJro sho wlur ifi$ u do:thei midr nornm run.*rt I
seemsto havebeena relativelycommonoccurrence. Neverthe-
D^Prr Ptagl r!trcinB sd slcr, tr.ding.heerlin *rBtqr rd pldin
less,havingsaidthat, it may be that the supplysystemitself
oftenworkedreasonably well.This mightexplainthe vigorous DAP 12 '$oui roqrm admcinc vitl sD€t rnd l@ shirld
protestswhich were eli€itedwhen it failed. Given that most DAP rr ToqlM .l.s .luaing " irh ls.ni .Fi ramg.heeplkF ..p
writersof th€ p€riod were ecclesiasti€s, it may be that such DAP 2. Tomsm - hvy rluains dh slear,*enns d$l, hdn6r.d
protestsst€mmedfrom thefactthatthechurchoftenconsidered DAP 25'l@th rdhnfl nqwid'@ m.hdldet. (.Fyng L'!r'ihple
itself exempt from the royal dues which the counts were
exa€ting(cp. Gotrart 1982). It is possiblethat it was a (AI ttu al@efsv'er in bossof 10,8r.55 PI6 PAP)
break-down ofdisciplineratherthanofthe supplysystemwhich NEW! Or @.dcd'odddLAIAl-OeUE!fulb MildLoJ36 @' !
causedtheseoutrages. Certainly,the Frankishkingsthoughtan dndl nula 'ru?ilr cdtds a! dr .l,@po&" -d]dl,i.im nvo DMqoN.
adn;t?Ed{dd!e'dd*rri,-u;d!'!.A DoonDl"k\[& Ddtfd
armyoughtto be ableto movewithin{riendlyterritorywithout . tuil'-tu a;$q" '@. 4t ''! Ir.l0 @ r! rdly 4'd rJdb htu a dt .'
resortingto plunder.During the campaignof 583,ChilpericI TWO DRAGONSNORTH AMERICA
had the count of Rouen summarilyexecutedfor looting 198I48l
?6?l,tChiFis Dri*,DtdomH.islB,Mirl Fn43lt?U.SA Tel{519)
(HistotiesVl.3l\-
Oncewithinenemyteritory,living off the landwasthe only
possibility,but tberewere limits to th€ exactionsof invading
TWODRAGONS
armies.In Gregory\ (admittedlyoftensuspec0accountofthe
campaignof 'Vouill6'a(ltrrrolier II.37) it is mentionedthat
PRODUCTIONS
Clovisforbadehistroopsto plunderchurchlandsandexecuted
one of his soldiersfor taking fodder hom the lands of neededto carrythesetents,andsomeon€wouldbe neededto
St-Madn\, Tours.Remarkablyenough.a lettcr survivesfrom look after theseanimalsand to pitch the tents themselves.
Clovisto thebishopsofAquitaineconfirmingthedetailsofthis Gregory mentions campJollowerJduring the Burgundian
policy (Hillgarth (trans.) 1986. p.78). For the warsaner Breton campaignoI 590 (HittoriesX.9). It is possiblethat
interested in earlymedievalcampaign;ng. a coupleof interest- poorerfoot'soldiers and the magnates'plreri
caried out these
ing pointsemergefrom this. One is the very real power of fun€tionson occasion,but it is nore likely that it was the
spiritualsanctions. Therecanbe no doubtthat earlymedieval half-freelaeti (cp. Pl.S.26), or perhapseven slaves,who
rulerssincerelybelievedthat stayingon the right side oI the performedsuchmenialtasksin the army. Sometimeslocals
saintswouldhelp their cause,whilst offendingihe holy could followed passingarmies in the hope of gaining loot (cp.
only do them harm.Thus the major churchesand shr;nesof Histoties vll.28\. As a bizarre aside, ihe baggagetrain of
post-RomanGaul becamerecognised fixed pointsof security Gundovaldthe Dretender includedcamels(Hir,orissVIL35, a
amidstthe socialandpoliticalturmoilofthe period;theywere €hapter which makes severalreferencesto baggage-trains,
the 'no-fly zones'of the Merovingianworld- The role of the campfollowenandtents5).Earlymedievalarniesoughtnore
supernaturalreally shouldbe represefltedin early medieval oftento be represented with campsandbaggage tmins,andit is
wargaming, but that requiresa separate anicle.Finally,all this goodthat the wRC\ DBA and DBM ruleshaveencouraged
pointsto the 'othemess'of the sixthcenturyandils warfare;it warsamers to ihinkin theseterms.
cannotbe reducedto the few bland overallfeatureswhich it As I have recentlyargued,attrition during pre'industrial
shareswith the remainderoflhe pre-gunpowder era. campaigns wasa very realproblen, andcannotbe overlooked
A numb€rof accountsnention armiesor similarcolumns in strategicwargaming. The Frankishinvasions
of ltaly in 539,
pitchingtheir tenis.when Chlotharlt army mutiniedduring 553,and 590were all badly affectedby disease.Hungerand
his Saxoncampaignit tore up the royaltent (lttrrolier IV.14); starvationcould aho be a problem,and beatenarmiescould
the BurgundianmayorProtadiuswas kiUedin the royal tent expecrharshtreatmentfrom the locals,evenwhenin'friendly'
duing a campaisnof 605(Frcdezat, ChronicleIv .27);in 578 territory, as revengefor previousdepradations.There are
the Neustianarmyoperatingin Brittanywasorderedto pitch severaltalesof drowningsduringiver crossings. Diseasewas
its lentson the River Vilaine(Hisrori€sV.26); the procession rife in Gregory'sGaul,with frequentoutbreaksof plagueand
bringingNicetiusof Trier to the royal court is describedas dys€ntry,not to mentionendemicmalaria.Canpaigningmad€
pitchingits tents(Gregory,Life of the FathersI7.i)t Rig!]r,rh thingsworse;after the major campaignof 583a greatdisease
orderedher tentsto be pitchedat the eighthmilestoneoutside decimatedthe cattle and hones of the regions affected.
Paris(dtrroras V1.45);thereis a referenceto Lombardtents Desertioncouldbe a problem.In 585,the entirecontingentof
duringrheAusrrasian invasionofltaly in 1590(Hi$or,?rX.3). Toun lefi the BurgundianarmyoperatingagainstGundovald.
The existence oftents andotherbaggage implieslhe existence and went home. It was a sensiblestrategy,adoptedby the
of a 'tail' for Merovingianainies. Pack anirnalswould be Neustriansin early 584,and repeatedlyby the Lombards,to
28
shutyourselfup in strongholds,
andwait for the enemyarmy, armed force for the territory. Not surprisingly,theselocal
worn downby attrition,to retum home.lt is patentlysily to militias werc often of dubious reliability, hence the rnass
believethatattrilionanddisease
hadno,oronlyminimal,effe€t desertionof the newlyconqueredTourangeaux in 585-Even
on medievalarmies. lesssuryrisingwasthe lackolsupportfor the Frankishgarrison
shownby the localmilitia of Luccain Italy (Agathias'Htrrrry
VIII.4), which resultedin the former'sdefeatby the Byzan-
STRATEGY tines. On the other hand, in southcentral Gaul, with its
Many peoplewill be amusedby tbe very conceptof Frankish kaleidoscopic political geography,the impositionof a new
'stmtegy';itimpliesa notionof militarysciencewhich isperhaps r€gime might as easilyhaveaffordedthe localsthe chanceofa
percerved asalientowholerdeaofearlymedievalwarta'e.61rm licensed crack at neighboursand old enemies.The peopleof
not sosure.ThoughI do not think thatearlyFrankishkingsand Bourges,ToursandPoitiersrequired littleexcusetoattackeach
commanders plannedtheir campaiSns in hugetechnicaldehil other(cp.lt tot?s VL31;VII.12,13;VII.24).
(thatwouldhaveto waituntil Charlemagne, whoseattentionto ln CharlesMartelandPippin\ warsin Aquitainein the early
andsupplywouldrivala modern
logislic. Beneral s i. I haveno eighthcentury,affairstook on a decidedly centralmedieval
tum
doubtthat they hada clearideaof whattheyweretryingro do asthe twosideswageda'war ofpositions',fortifying,besieging
and were, on occasion,capable of some fairly cornplex and garrisoningstrongpoints throughthe disputedterritory.
strategies.The ideathattheywereunlhinkingbarbanans stems Bachrach(1974)believedin the existence of semi-regular
units
largelyfrom an uncriticalmodem acceptance of the pseudo- ofgarrisontroopsmanningthesefortifications.His interpreta-
scientificByzantinemanualsand their denigrationof the tion is, however,foundedupona ratherstrangereadingofthe
'barbarians'(who nevenheless almostinvariablybeatthem in contemporary sources. The evidencemoreeasilysupportsthe
the field after5551).It hasto be said.though,that the aimsof idea of garrisonscomposedof loyal followen and their own
most annualraiding campaignswere simpleenoughnot to warriors.Dluslocallevies.asoutlinedabove.
requiregreatthought! I hopethat thisdiscussion containsinformationwhichmight
"Dark Ag€s" campaign,
Frankishstrategyfrequentlyinvolvedinvadingthe enemy be of use to wargamersplanninga
territory with dividedforces.In 584, Chilpericattackedthe whetherornot setin post-Roman Gaul.NextmonthI will takea
Burgundianriyirdr (cily districo of Bourgesfrom two sides, look at battlefieldtactics.
Duke Berulfleadinga forcefrom Tours,Poitien,Angen and
Nantes,andDukesDesideriusandBladastleadingtroopsfuon
soulhem Aquitaine. Attacks upon Visigothic Septimania BIBLIOGRAPHY
regularly employed more than one column. In 585. the (Exceptfor primarysources, includingonly itemsnot foundin
Burgundianattackinvolvedoneforcefrom Provence marchiflg the bibliographies to Part2 (WIsl) ,3 (W 162)^nd4a (W163).
on Nimesfrom the east,and anotherconsisting of the menof
Bourges,Saintes,P6rigueuxandAngoulemeattackingCarcas, Bachrach,8.S., 1974.'Military Organizationin Aquitaine
sonnefrom Toulouse.In 590, the Austrasianarmy in ltaly underthe earlyCarolingians.'Specrl,n49,pp.l-33,reprinted
dividedinto two, to mvagemorc widely. and the Frankish in Bachrach1993,no.XIIL
invasionofltaly in 553rlasalsodividedintotwo forces.The630 Bachrach,B.S., t993.Amies and Polincsin Ea y Medieval
campaignagainstrhe SlavicWendsinvolvedat least three Eulope \London)- For somebrief commentson Bachrach's
columns:one of Austrasians, one of Lombards(actingunder methodsand reliabilityseemy reviewof this book in tarly
Frankishswayatthispoint)andoneof tributaryAlamans.The Medieval Eurcpe (forthcon,ir.g.'The
Lombardsand Alamanswere successful. but the rout of the CharleeEdwards. T.M., 1976. distinctionbetweenland
royalAustrasiancolumnbroughtthe campaignto a disasrrous andmoveableweahhin Anglo'SaxonEngland'inSawyer,P.H.
(ed.). Mediewl Setttenent.Continuitj and Change(London
Coordinationof differentcolumnscouldbe difficult.Oneof 1976). pp.18087.
the Austrasiandivisionsin ltaly in 590 was supposedro Drew. K.F.. (trans.). 1991.The Laws of the Salian Frank:
rendezvous $r'ithan alliedEastRomancont'ngent;a signalwas (Philadelphia).
arranged,but the Byzantines nevershowedup (Ilirrolier X.3). Gerberding,R.A., 1987.TheLiber Hi:toriaeFruncorunand
On the other hand, in a Saxoncampaignof c.620 (Liber the Rheof the Carolingians(Oxtotd).
Froncorum4l), Chlotharll\ Neust answ€reableto Goffan, W., 1982a.Old and New in MercvingianTaxation.'
HisloFtiae
come up in suppon of his son. DagobertI's. beleaguered PastandPrcsent96.pp.3-21. Repriniedin Goffan 1989.ch.9.
Austrasiansand put the enemy to flight in a victory still Goffar!,w.. 1989.Rome'sFatlandAftet (London).
remembered in songtwo centurieslater. Hillgarth, J.N., (trans.), 1986. Christianitysnd Paganism,
Whenconquestwasthe aimofcampaigfling,mostcomman- J50-75, (Philadelphia).
d€rs soughtto bring lerntory under the swayof their king fl,rton?r. Gregory ofTours, the Hi$ozieJ(the so-calledArrror.f
through exactingoaths of loyalty fuom the inhabitatts of of the Franks'):Tll.otpe(trans.) r974.
This wasattemptedin ltaly andSpainaswell as. James,E., (trans.)1991.GrcgortolTouts. Lik of theFathe6
city-districts.
most commonly,within Gaul. This might seema very flimsy (Liverpool).
way of securingland, but we shouldnot underestimate the Life of the Fatherc.Gtegory of'lo]uts, the Life of the Fahercl
powerofoath-swearing in Frankishsociety.Nonetheless, there Janes(trans.)1991.
weremoreforciblemerhodsavailable.Whena citv-districtwas P.l.S. The'CompactofSal'cLaw : Rivers(trans.)1986;Drew
overrun,its countwouldbe expelledandreplac€dby oneof the (trans.) 1991(rnarginally better).
invadingruler's /eader(magn tes). antrustiones,pueti rcgis (ro Rivefs, T.J., (trans.) 1986. The Lows of the Salian and
judgefron P.L.S.5a.11),oranyfollowerwhohadattractedthe R?ra.rrn Ffankr(NewYork).
royal attention.The new count, with his own force of p!?/t Thorpe,L., (trans.)1974.Grcsoryof Touts.TheHistoryof the
wouldprovidea garrison.Wheretheseizureof territorylasted, Fzrkr (Harmondswonh).
someof theseganisontroopswouldmarryandsettlein thenew Recentpublicationson the e8rly Fmnkish kingdoms.
region.As for the restofthe population,havingswornan oath wood. I.N.. 1994. The Meroringian kinqdons, 150751.
of loyaltyto the new king, lhey wouldbe expectedlo perform (Longmans,London). [A lons'awaitedand excellentstudy
the requiredmilitary dutiesfor him, thus ensuringa further fromoneof thelcadingresearchers on the period,representing
 29

THE T|AIiOCATE IIARGATIETS CLUA

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7 BrambleDene Woodthorpe YorkYO2 2RL the mostthoroughand up-to-datesurveyof the era'spolitical
history, and which dovetails neatly with existing text-books
(e.g.James1982& 1988).Ifyou wantto che€kwhatI amsaying
againstsomeone who reallyknowswhathe'stalkingabout,this
is the book.l
McNamara,J.A., €t dI. (trans.)1992.SaintedWonen of the
Da.&,4ger(DurhanNC, & London).[A valuablecollectionof
translatedFrankishwomensaints'lives,includingmajor lexts
suchasthelivesofRadegund andGeretrude. The introductions
PUBLISHINC
andnotes,however,areveryproblematic.l
NOTES
rThere were other erors in Part 4a. On D.26 I somehow
conflated two points of the Continuation to Fredegar's
Chtonicle.Ch.g of the Continuationmentionsthe loss of
nobles,whilst ch.24(the chaptercited) discusses a Frankish
army in Bureundyas made up of many noblesand their
followers(rarerir€s). Ve carclessofme . . .
'On all this, the ;eader'isrefenedto my forthcomingbook,
Settlement and SocialOryanization: TheMeroyingianRegionof
M€rz(Cambridge UniversityPress),the reasonfor the delayin
thisarticle'saDDearance I
3 Though,forsimilarlybadLatin,seethelastpa( of thisarticle.
Belhrm civilis (Patt 4,a, p.23) shouldof cours€be be[un civi,ie.
' ln factthe battlewasmoreprobablyfoughtat Voulon,near
Poitiers.SeeGerberding1987.p.41.
'People .eem to have had accessto camelsquite often In
poslRomanGaul.In613,QueenBrunichildis,and,in 672,the
Visigothi€pretenderPaul,werebothparadedthroughthecamp
on camelsbeforebeineexecuted.
6 The so-called'Schli;ffendebate',overwhetheror not early
rnedieval- specificallyViking - armiesplannedcampaignswith
anydegreeof care,hasa longandvenerable historyin thepages
of Guthrun's Atmy.
7 I'm sureI'm not theonlyoneto havebeena little bemused by
thewayChannel4's rec€nt'GreatCommanders' seriesskipped
PoSTAGE& PACKINGtn6a
from Julius Caesar to Napoleon. No Great Commanden
between40BCand1800??
30

BOARDGAMESRUTES
O.K.
Expedmental for boardandmapgames
rulesandrulemechanlsms
ByR.James
Oliver

WHYBOARDGAME
BACKGROUND: RULES? CombatUnits- the subordinateunitsof a CommandUnit.
e.g.Napoleonic battalionsor modemplatoons arcassumedto
Despite the growth of computerand computermoderated be within two hexesof their Comnand Unit (i.e. within the
wargamesin r€centyears,there is still a healthyindustryifl Deploynent Area) but are not initially placedon the map.
board wargames.Why, then, should wargamersgo to the when in this 'non'deployedstate, the precisepositionof
troubleof writing their own rules(and,perhaps,creatinglhe CombatUnits neednot be considered; playersare allowedto
necessary maps.counters,etc)?why shouldboardwarganes- plac€.hem anywhercin their CommandUnil's Deployrnent
whethercommercialor home-ptoduced - haveany particular
Area whenbringingthenirltoplay,exceptwhendeployrnent is
appeal for readers of wargames /r strred whose prirnary restrictedto ContactHexesduringthe firstturn of combat
Gee
interestmaybe miniaturesgaming? below).Thiscreatesa certainairoftension,with playersaware
Firsdy althoughthere is a wide and iflcreasingrangeof of theapproximate locationo{enenyformations,butnotof the
board wargamesfrom many companies it may be that we exacr positionsof individual units and sub-unitsithis is
cannotfind one on the padcular battle or campaignwhich especiallyimportant where the Command Unit contains
interestsus,or thatwedo not like ce ainfearures of thegames CombatUnits of varyingtype, strengthard capability. His
available.Simple boardgamescan be used !o control a battalionis holdingthat wood, but where are the antitank
campaign,with individualbanlesfoughtusingmodelsin the weaponssited?Is he holdinglheforwardperineterin force,or
usualway, but this is obviouslymucheasierif tbe ruleswere aremosrot hismenin reserve behrndthalhrlll
written for that purposeratherthan adapted'ad ho€ from a CommandUnirsmovein the normalfashion accordingro
pure boardgame. Additionally,boardgames allowus to recre- type, terrain,etc - until reachinga positionfive hexesdistant
atea muchgreatersizeofconflict-wholewarscanbefoughton from an enemyCommandUnit. Thisisthe pointat whichtheir
boardor mapin the time takento play out simpleskirmishor respective DeploymentAreasmeetat oneor morepla€es.i.e.
divisionactionson the lable-top.Writingour own boardgam€ one or more hexesof a given DeploymentArea is/arenow
rulesallowsusro decidewhichfactorswewishto s.ress(logistics adjacentto oneor morehexesofanenemyDeploymentArea.
or intelligence,perhapt and to determinethe exactlevelof TheindividualhexeswhichborderanenenyDeploymentArea
complexityto be used.Someofthe conceptsI suggest canalso arelermedConlactHexes- The altackingplayer (theonewhose
be applied to tradit;onaltable-top games(by substituting CommandUnit movedinto conlact)mustnow deployat least
measured distances for hexes.etc). one Combat Unir into his front-line', i-e. he must placea
Combat Unit into one of the Contacl Hexes within his
DeploymentArea; the attackerhas anenlirelyfreechoiceasto
HIDDENMOVEMENT/CHAINS OFCOMMAND whichCombatUnit(s) underthe relevantCommandUnit he
Hidden movementis conspicuous by its absencefrom most deploysiif the D€ploymentAreashaveacommonboundaryof
board wargames,and in map gamesis usuallyoperatedby morethanone hex, he mayopt to placea unit or unitsin one,
playersexchanging grid referenceon duplicatemaps.It is an both.all or someo{theadjacenthexes.Thisendsthegameturn
importantfactorin tryingto createa realisti€wargame, wilh all forthat CommandUnit.
the feints, probes, flank marches,and sparring between Playnowpassesto ihe othercommander, who hasarangeof
advanced or detached forcesthatpreceedthe mainbattle.Most optionsfortheComrnand Unit whichwascontac.ed. Firstly,he
wargames fail to givechainsof commandandthe groupingo{ may try to BreakConiact- engagingthe enemyunit(s)with a
unitsinto formationsa meaning{ulplacein their rules.Unlike light rearguarddeployedin a Contact Hex and/or ranged
the hierarchyof real armies(with orders passingthrough artilleryfrom the rear of his DeploymentArea. Secondly,he
successive levelsof comnand).the typicalboardgame forcehas mayd€cideto HoldPosition- deploying,ifhe sowishes.oneor
everyunit controlleddirectlyby the cornnander-in-chief and moreunilsanywherein the DeploymentArea. Finally,he may
readily able to support every other unit without liaison elect 1o Hold and DeploJ- placing all his Combat Units
problems(regardless o{ their respectiveplacesin the Tableof Gubordinate to that CommandUnit) onto the map wilhin his
Organisation). Thismechanism seekslo address bothpointsin a DeploymentArea.Thisendshisturn.
gamecapableof beingplayedface-to-face on a singleshared The attackermustnow deployhis remainingCornbatUnits
map-(I haveusedthe exanpleof a hexmap,but the systemis into his DeploymentArea he is no longerrestrictedto the
easilyadaptableto squaredand other grids or to measured ContactHexes.Theseunits may enjoy a limited degreeof
distances on an unmarkedtable-toD.) movementinto the defender's DeploymentArea dependingon
I use two distincttypesof unit counterfor thesegames. hisopponenr's d€ployrnent in thepreviousturn;ifthe defender
ConmendUnits-typically ofdivisionallevelintheNapoleonic chos€lo deploy some or all of his troops, the attacker's
era.or battalionlevelin moderntimes- are Dlacedon lhe hex mov€mentisreslrict€dby a zoneof control-typeme€hanism: if
mapatthestarto{thegameto representthe approximate centre not.lhe attackerhasmorefreedomtomanoeuvrebut mayfind
of the force they portray;the nineieenhexescentredon lhe himselfmovinginto an ambushfrom 'non-deployed' (hidden)
positionoftheCommandUnit-i.e. thehexconlainingthat unit
counter,the six hexesimmediatelysurroundingit. and the Conbat is now resolvedaccordingto the strengths,options
twelvehexesimmediatelysurrounding thosesix- areknownas and positionsof eachside'sdeployedCombatUnits. If the
the Unit (Divisional/Battalion) Deploymena Area. This Area d€fenderattenptedto break contact,he may be either fully
rnaybe nodified ac€ording to terrain for example,it maynot successful (a CleanBreak,with the CommandUnit movingout
normally span an unbridgedriver or straddleimpassableofcontactwith all its CombatUnitsintact),or partlysuccessful
(aBreak,with theConrnandUnit novingasabove,but theloss
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of the rearguardand perhapsone or more CombatUnits as Iimits theiy future freedomof action.The junction between
casualtiet-Whena CommandUnit breakscontactits Combar units - especiallyif one is deployedand the other is not
Units are againregardedas 'nondeployed'- i.e. they are becomes the 'weakpoinf fearedby professional
soldiers.
remo\edlromthemdpro recreale rheinrtialuncerrainr) a. lo
theirstrengthandexacldispos'tions. At the otherextrcme,the CO\CEALEDA\D VARIABLE.STR-ENCTH
UNITS
attackermay exceptionally Ovenun the defenceand roui rhe ln many boardgames.unit strength (including numbers,
CommandUnit (whichis thenconsideredcombatincffecrive' morale,supply. etc perhapscapabilitywouldbe abetterterm)
andwhoseremnantsmustbe wirhdrawnfor rebuildins).More is pinted on the counterandis clearlyvisibleto bothsides.The
commonresults areEngagrd. silh rherorces remarniri' locked rangeofoutcomesfor anygivencombatisfar too easyfor both
in combatuntilthenextgane turn andPinn€d,whichissinilar commanders to calculate.Playerscanhold privateroslen (on
to Engagedexcept thattherearguardisoverrunandlosr. whichthestrengthofeachunit canbenotedandamended asthe
Ifthe defenderchose1oHold Position(standhisground,but gameprogresses) or a numberofstp-reduction counterscanbe
only partiallydeployin the hopeofspringingan ambush)then keptfor eachforce but thefirstoptionintrodu€es unnecessary
theattackerisallow€dto moveinto hisopponenfsDeployment paperworkinto the gane, and the secondrequiresa large
Areabeforethedefenderfully deploys.If rhedefenderoptedto number of seldon-usedextra countels. This mechanism
Hold and Deploy. he may place his troops into favourabl€ suggests anotherm€thod, underwhichcommanders havemuch
positionswithin the DeploymeniArea before the attacker moreinformationabouttheirownunitsthanthoseofthe enemy
advances. Combatmayresultin the Ove..un,Engaged, Pinned - but there is still someroom for uncertaintyas to how the
situations describedabove or in a Repulse of the attackerwith troopswill performin battle.
somedegreeofloss. Thereare two countersstackedfor eachunit. The top one
I hopethatreaders mayfind thissystemreflectingsome ofthe visiblero both sides showsthe type(e.g.INFANTRY), size
uncenainties ofrealwarfarein a waytharforcestheplayerto do (e.g. BATTALION), and perhaps designator (e.9. lst
mor€thanstaekcombat factorsonthenearesthex.TheHidden K.O.Y.L.I.) ofthe unit.The lowerone- not visible,but whose
Movementmechanism ensures that,whenyourunitcontadshh detailsareknownto theplayerwhoseunii it is-showsthe unit
forthe lirsttime,youneverreallyknowwhatyouareup against. statusas one of four grades:RE-INFORCED, STRONG,
Whenan enemyforceengages you witb only a light advance WEAK, or REMNANT/CADRE. Ea€hgrademaybetakenas
guard. should you counter,attack.hold your ground or
having any one of four actual strengthsifor example.a
withdraw!Wh€nattacking.do you probe carefullywith light RE-INFORCEDBATTALION may havea factorof 17, 18.
forcesor try to bull your way throughwith the heavymob? 19,or 20 strengthpoints;a WEAK BATTALION maybe 11,
Organisingunits into formarionswith their own Chainsof 12,13,or 14pointsstrong;aSTRONGCOMPANYmayhave
Conmandencourages playersto keep major unirstogether, 5,6, 7, or 8 points.The actualstrengthis nol knownro lhe
and to fight them as unirsratherthan as a loosecollectionof
commanderat this point - it is determinedrandomlyprior to
sub-unitsor individuals.lf a CommandUnit is underatta€k,
neighbouring CornmandUnitscanonlyassisrbydeployingtheir Whenoneunit attacksanother,rhe atiackingplayercansee
own CombatUnits: this causesdelayro rheir own plansand onlv that his BATTALION (which he knows is STRONG
because he as access to its lowercounter.and thereforehasa beforehe knowswhat eachwill €osthim ill casualties or he may
strengthof 14, 15, 16, or 17 points)is assaulting an enemy WITHDRAW in the faceof an attackerwho intendedno more
COMPANY. That defendingCOMPANY'Sstatusmay range than a RECCE (but who will now discoverthe position
from REMNANT/CADRE (with a strengthof 1, 2, 3, or 4) to deserted. and no doubt advancenextturn).
RE-INFORCED(7,8,9, or l0). The attackercan only The mechanism producesa widerangeof combatoutcomes,
calculate thathe is attackingat oddsof between17:1(bestcase, of which the following are examptes.When Unit A ATTACKS
STRONG BATTALION vs REMNANT COMPANY) and and Unit B WITHDRAWS, the former simplyadvances into
14:10 (wont case. STRONG BATTALION vs RE- theemptypositionfromwhichthelatterhasretreatedi thereare
INFORCEDCOMPANY).Tbisratherreduces theimportance no lossesto eitherside.\VhenUnit A ATTACKS and Unit B
of mathematics towargaming,andmayevenencourage playen DEFENDS. the batdeis foughtout usinga CombatResults
topay moreattentiontothingslike tactics. . . Tablei eitheror both sidesmay sufferheavily.lvhen Unit A
An attackhavingbeenannounced, the statusof eachunit is RECCESand Unit B HOLDS, therewill be no movementby
revealedbytheplayers(wholift off thetopcounter).Theactual eithersideandsomelosses to eachfor severaltums;eventually,
strengths of the unitsarenowdeterminedby rollingan ave.age either Side A will build-up a sufficientlygood picturc to
die for eachone. A scoreof 2 meansthat the unit has the ATTACK or SideB will decideit hastakensufficientlosses and
minimumstrengthfor its grade(e.g. our STRONGBATTA- WITHDRAW.
LION of 14, 15, 16,or l7 pointsis actually14);a scoreof3 is
better(15points)ia scoreof4 betterstill (16);anda scoreof 5
bestof all (1?).Usingan averagedie meansthatunitsaremost FORMATIONIN THE HORSE& MUSKETERA
likely to fall in the middle bandof their strengthrange.while Few commercialboard wargamesmake anyeffort to differenti-
still allowingthe occasional surprise(rvelcomeor othen ise). atebetweenthe variousunit formations(column,line,square)
Combatis thenresolvedin th€ normalmanner.
o{ the eighteenthand early nineteenthcentu es - rather in
Actual strengthis determinedbelore ev€ry combat;it is
contrastto miniaturesgaming,in which formationis crucial.
possiblefor the STRONG BATTALION which foughtat 16
Whendeveloping a mechanism Ior thispurpose,myfirstsystem
pointsin the last tum to fight this time at either 14 or 15
involved each unit having a differcnt counter for each
(obviouslythere were som€losset, or at 16 again,or at 17
formation:thus.whenan infantrybattalionchangedfrom line
(clearlythe menarea I'ttle more"combateffective"for having
into square.its countershowinga 'line' symbol would be
beenblooded).Casualties arein termsof loststatusgrades,so
removedandreplaced byoneshowinga'square'.However,this
lasttum\ batteredSTRONG COMPANY may be a WEAK
led to problemsrecreating unit frontageanddepthaccurately-
onenext time around.Oncea unit'sgradeis rcvealedprior to
and I now usea systemin which eachunit is represented by
combat,the enemyobviouslyknowsa little moreaboutil for
several counters on the hex board at the same time. and the
thefuture- however,thisis true of realcombat;ihedifficulties
variousformationsare portrayedby arrangingthe countersin
ofrememberinginthemiddleofa livelygamejusrwhichenerny
diff€renlways.
unitsloststatusin previoustumsshouldnot be underestimated,
lnfantry battalionsare designated by four counters;in line
andit ispossibleto convoyre-inforcements andsuppliesGome
abreast,they definea two-deepor three-deephring-lineplus
of$hich mavbe durnnies) to reDlace losses.
skirmishers andsupports;in line ahead,theyportraya column
ofnarch or columnof routeperhapsfour menwidepluspoint-,
TACTICALOPTIONS flank and rear guard.Countersmay be stackedin pairs;in
Many boardgamesignore Tactics. as such. Winning an tandem.lheunithasformedanattackcolumn;sideby side,the
engagementconsistssolely of stacking-upenough combai unit is in "square"(whichwas,in reality. a rectanglewith a
factorsto overwhelmenemyunits,and- while theremay be lar-qer frontag€thanside).
armieswho operatein this way (attrition)- mostprofessional The different formationsnaturallyhave varying abilities,
nilitary opinion favourcusinga little more finesse(fire and strenglhs andweaknesses; firing-lineshaveeffectivefirepower,
nanoeuvre).This mechanismis one option for wargam€rs but areveryslow-moving; columnsofmarchorroutemovevery
wishingto recreatethepreferredmethod- rapidly,but are restrictedto roadsand tracks;attackcolumns
Whentwo or moreunitsneet in combat,eachsidesecretly movefairly quicklyacrossmostterain andhavehighmonle,
chooses a TacticalOption,perhapsfrom a seriesof pre printed but poor fiepoweri "squares"are strong defensively,but
cards.These are revealedsimultaneously, before dice are v;tually immobile.I shouldstressthat its formationmerely
thrown.andmodifytheresultsofthe engagement. TheOptions modifiesthe inherentcapab;lities of a givenunit - troopswho
andtheireffectsareasfollows: shootbadlywill shootbadlyevenin line (but they will shoot
* ATTACK: full'bloodedassault,whichwill probablyover- moreeffectivelythantheywouldhavedonein column).
run a lightly-defended eneny position,but couldsufferserious
lossagainststrongopposition;
* PROBEI morecauliousforwardmove.whichmayoverruna AFINAL WORD
weakdefen€e but will mor€probablymerelyrevealtheenemy's
I hopethatthisshortarticlehasshownthatboardwargames can
strengthandpositionat lowerriskto friendlyforces; vadedthanmightbe supposed from a cursory
* RECCE:onlylightforcesadvance-itmaylaketwoor more be rathermore
examination of thecommercialproducts available(goodthough
suchmovesto "feel out" enemydisposilions;
manyof theseare). and that somereadersare encouraged to
* HOLD: maintainposition,but not at the risk
developgamesof their own (for privateor evencommercial
casualties-ifheavilyattacked,will withdraw; use).Playen wishingto devisegamesmay adaptany of the
* DEFEND: maintainposition,if necessary at they find of interest,but I hope that
foregoingmechanisms
many more will producetheir own originalideas.My latest
* WITHDRAW: pull back.avoidingcasualties. project is an attemptto reducethe tediouscalculationand
Decisionsas to which optionto take must alwaysbe made countingofmovementpointsby usinga mapbasedon areasof
prior to dice-throwing, and- if Concealed-Strength Units are similarterrainratherthanhexes;every unitmaymoveonearea
employed- beforeeachside'sstrengthis revealed.Thus,the per turn, the lengthof that move dependingon the type of
defenderchoosesbetweeflHOLDING and DEFENDING t e r r a i n i n v o l v e d . . .
 -l-l

FASTPLAY SIMON'S SOLDIERS

A proi€ssionalpaintng sdic. for wargmeF by a wargamer.

MADEFASTER Al scal6 cateredfor (up ro 110m) but 15l@ a specialfty,with a

nqmber of sredards avatlablero sui your taste dd your pocket.
For a lslm tuple sard €1.50 to 14 Cae Ffyalon, B6clla,
or,At-a-Ghnce
Cornbat
Tables Bddg6d, Mtd. Glam. CF3l zHG or contacr
Slmon Chaddorih on 0656 768556 {or detatts.
forDBAand'Reaalssance
DBA'
By SteveCooper it preventsunsupported psiloiingoodgoingdestroying
knighrs,
(ie. psiloi max. score 8, knighrs min. score4) which has
FollowingStephenO'Leary\ excellent Renaissance DBA' happened to my Seleucidcompanions chargingRomanvelites
rulesin WI71.I havecreateda setof rablesandfacrorlistsrhat on a flat plain.strikingcredibilitya mortalblowlUsingaverage
combifleall the informationfrom bothsetsof rules.This saves dicethis is not possible,and reducesth€ garne\ luck elenent
theRenaissance playerhavinglo flick betweentherulesandthe considerably;the luck element in DBA is unnecessarily
backissueandI alsoreckonthatmy swifacross referencetablesenharcedbecause therearefewerdicerollsthaninmore,fiddty,
area lot {aster1ouseat aglancethanexistingforms of therules. rules,soeachhasmoreimpact.
You may be wonderingwhat useit is beingableto readily
cross referencescythedchariots'effect on. say. bayonet BG = if in Badcoing
muskereen.Well. altemativegamers,just imagineif any of D : desrroyed
LeonardoDa Vinci'sarmouredmobile(?) tanks',ladenwith Dg = destroyedifingoodgoing,otherwiserecoil
hideouslyrotatingsc)thes,had actuallynade it ro a Renaiss- Dc = destroyed if in contact
ancebattlefield,or the earlysteamcar hadn'texplodedon its Dm : destroyed ifmovedinto contactthisbound,otherwise
testrun in front ofNaDoleonlDBA is a setof rulestolerantof
thiskind of 'fun'! Scratchbuild.Enjoy. R = recoilonebasedepthbackwards
SomeRenaissance rule additionsareapplicableto Ancienrs; F = flee600paces(400ifreiters)
StephenO'Leary'sdistinctionsbetweenfortified campsand Anillery Ds - underdistantshooting
baSgage trainsapplyjust asmuchto Romanswith ditchedand Cc = in closecombat
palisadedcarnpsand their lessprotected/prepared enemies. War Wagonsare not cros! referencedasall typesrecoilfrom
Ditto the lootingrulesl them if beatenor are destroyedif beatenby a doublescore,
Finallya suggestion ofmyown. Useaverage dicefor DBA. as exceptforLtH. Ps.Rtwhofiee.

COMBATOUTCOMETABLES
If total is lessthan that of enemy,but mo.€ than hatf:

El SCh Kn Cv Rt LtH Cm BI Dr Ba Au Bw Wb Ps Aq Ms Ar Sp pk p&S Bc

Elephants R R R R R R R R R R R R R D R R D R R R D
ScythedCh. D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
Knights D D R R R D R R R R R D m R R R R D m R R R D
Cavalry R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R D
Reiten R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R D
Lt. Horse R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R D
Camelry R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R D
Blades R D g R R R R R R R R R R D R R R R R R R
Dragoons R D g R R R R R R R R R R D R R R R R R R
Bayonets R D g R R R R R R R R R R D R R R R R R R
Auxilia R D-s Dg R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
Bows Dc Dc Dc Dc Dc Dc Dc R R R R R R R R R R R R R
Dg Dg Ds R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
Psiloi R R D - s R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
R R D g R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
Muskets R R D g R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
Artillery : Ds R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
Cc D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
Spears R D g D g R Dg R R R R R R R D R R R R R R R
Pikes R Dg Dg R Dg R R R R R R R D R R R R R R R
Pike& Shot R R R R R R R R R D R R D R R R R R R R

If totalis halfo. lessthanhalfthatoftheen€mr:

EI SCh Kn Cv Rt LtH Cm Bl Dr Ba Au Bw Wb Ps Aq Mr Ar Sp pk p&S BG

Lt. Horse D D D D D D D F D D F D F F D D F F F F D
Psiloi Dg Dg Dg Dg Dg Dg Dg F F F D F F D F F F F F F
Reiters D D D D D D D F D D F D F F D D D F F F D
Others D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
-14

DurhamWargamesGroup Midland Militaire

1994
18th & 19th June
Ilosts:BIRMINGHAMWARGAMESSOCIETY
Sponsored6yr SKYTREX
AI:fRACTIONS:
fu-enacLment Groups TradeSlands
DemonstntionWargamesRefreshments
ParticipationGames Bring & Buy Stall

ons

COMBAT FACTORSLISTS
TheHafty Miacheli Recrestion Centre,
Br@hfi €ld Smethwick. TeL O2l -558 1973.
VSFOOT Vs MOUNTED Enquirie: 02l -7,15371| or tJ2l-{' B 2492.
Pike& Shol,Blades +5 +3 DoORSOPEN loam to sDm on BOTII DAYS.
El€phants.WarWagons +4 +5
Bayonets.Spears&
ScythedChaiots +:l +:l
Knights,Pikes.Cam€lry +l +4

IN.O"\f,/.94
Musketeers,Cavalry&
+3 +3
Auxil;a.Anillery,
Dragoons& Arquebusiers +3 +2
Bows +2
Reiters,Lr. Horse.Psiloi
CampFollowers
+2
+l
+2
+l
Norfolksbiggestandbest
Wargames,
ModellingandLiving
Pike +3, Spears+1 extraif backedby a secondsuchelement
contiguouslyand facingthe same$ay. unlessin bad going. HistoryFair
attackinga camp.or beingshotal. or just movedinro contact
with BowsorArtillery. or in contactwithReitersor Firearms.
Spearsor BladesfightingMountedtroopsor attackinga camp St. AndrewsHall, Norwich
+l ifbackedby anelement ofPsiloiasabove.
(Dragoonscount as mountedfor all movement,foot for
July 2nd 1994.
combatdicing) 10.00- 5.00pm
+2 if CampFollowersor anyFootoccupying a camp.
+ I if the General'selement,in closecombator shotat. Norfolk Organisationof Wargamers
+1 if in closecombat.defendinganver bank(exceptat ford or
bridge)oruphill. presenta dayol fun andentertainment
for tie
l for each Itank overlappedand/or each enemy element wholetamilv.
aidinga shootingeneny. A camphasno flanksandcanbe ManyTradestandssellingModels,Booksand
overlapped only by BowYFirearms. Games.
2 if anybut Auxilia, Firearmsor Psiloi.andin. or Mountedin BringandBuy Stallfor bargains
contactwith enemyin. badgoingonoroffroad- RefreshmcnlsanLlBafIaciliucs.
+2 Arquebusier/Musketeer vs. Mountedif backedby pikes.
unlessinbadgoingordefendinga linearobslacle. Accesslbr theDisablcd.ch
+ 1 CampFollowers/Foot defendingwall or field fodification. :,t AdmissiontI.50 tt Under14's50p*
+1 CampFollowers/Foot defendingotherlinearobstacleonlv For informationcontactPaulHooperon
+l If occupyingbaggagetrain (canbe cumulaiivewith either 0493- 748474
Abrutufr. A fine citq 1194- 1994
+2 If occupying
fortifiedcamp.
 J5

ASWRULES
For Usewlth GeneralQuarters
By Paul French
qltdck.maybe madeon un-idenrified
blank..
INTRODUCTION
Theserulesareintendedto allowAnti Submarine Warfareat a
tacticafl€velto complenenrGenerulQuaftn. Theydo not go Attackerand Submarineresolvethe artackas in ce, excepi
into any depthregardinggameprocedures, sincetheseare all thatattacksmadeon submarines
atperilcopedepthareallowed
containedin the readilyavailablerul€s. a plusorminusoneadjustmentto the attacker's
roll.
Esconsshouldfollow standingorders,as to their positions
and wherethey will move to in the eventof an undetected
attack,alsoin their foraysawayfrom their positionscreeningResult
l ASW l Hulland l ArmamentBox.
I ASW Submarine will breakoff and will attackonly in setf
defenceora straggler.
MOYEMENT Ifa hullboxis damaged on thesurfacethe Submarine
maynot thensubmerge.
Surfaceships and surfacedsubmarinesmove as normal. 2ASW Submarinemustsurface.
Submerged submarines writeordersonemovein advanceithey 3ASw Sunk.
may€hangetonormal movementonlyinevenaof atlack.
At periscopedepththe submarinewill nove normally,but
will be identifiedas a Submarineonly whena vesselclosesto SUBMARINE ATTACKS
visibilitv.BlanksreDresentins thismustbe marked'P'.
Attacksmayonlybe madeon a 30'arceithersideofthe bowor

DETECTION Urd€t€cted Atbck; Submerged

Onlyat periscope depth,the rargetvesselmust bewithin 16',or
Surfaredor PeriscopinsSubmarin€ maximumvisibility,whicheveristhe lower.
Submarineusing periscope1/8 normal surface visibility. Attacks are declaredar rhe end of rhe bound, by simply
Surfaced Submarine1/2normalvisibility. nominatingthe targetandworkingourth€resulton therelevant
A surfa€ed Submarine maybepickedup with Radarat l/3 rhe chart. after the followingbounds movemeni.No accountis
madeof prcdictedcourse.
Subm€rgedSubmarines SurfaceAttacks
Eachsubmarinewill be represented by four narkers.threeof As normalsurfacetorpedoartacks.
whichareblanks.Thesewill be noted aroundthetableuntil a
successfulchallengeis madcbv an esconvessel.At this stage DelectedSubmarines: SurfaceAttacks
the blanksare removed.There may not be more than three If on the surface and detecled.attacksare maueas normal
blanksforeachunidentifiedSubmarine on thetable. surfacetorpedoattacks.
In order1oidentifySubnarines,a shipmustbeequippedwith Subm€rg€d
ASDIC. To operateASDIC the shipmustbe movingar 6" or Nominatethe targer ,nd deducrtwo from the number of
lessandthesubmarine blankmustb€in a 240'to l2ffarcto the torpedos.resolvethe hits after the movementphaseof the
bow.Maximumrangen 6". followingbound.
It will lake five bounds to reload torpedo tubes. the
The escorland the Submarineroll a D6. if the es€ortroll is Submarine nust not be underattack.
higherthentheSubmarine issuccessfullyidentified.lnthiscase WhenapreviouslyunlocatedSubmarine hasmadean atrack,
lhreeblanksareremovedfrom thetable.Ifablank isidentified the nearestescortmust be rold of its approximaleposition.
assuch,thenit is removed.
If the escortmakesan altack, in the nove followingno
detectionis possiblein a radius of 12" and any identified SPECIALWEAPONS
Submarine inthis radiushasits threeblanksreplaced.
Hedgehog(September1942onyards)
May engagetargetwirhinl" ofthe front ofrhe cscortvessel.lf
ATTACKINGSUBMARINES no damageis done.then thereis no penatryfor detecrion.It
mustbe notedar the beginningof the gamewhichshipshave
Until 1943.the standardmethodofattackinga Submarine was Hedgehog.
with depthcharges. Thecapacityofeach shipvaried,but for the
gamethe followingshallapplyi Squid(From April 1944)
May engage targetsup 1o2" in front ofthe escort,with +/ lon
Corvette 2Attacks thedicerollfor effect.Any shipcarrying Squidmaymakeonly3
Frigate/Sloop attacks.and mustreducethe deprhchargeload by 2 attacks.
DE Veryfewshipswereequippedwith Squid.andanythataremusr
FleetDestroyer 3Attacks benotedat the beginningof rhegame.
In ord€rlo attack,the shipmun passoverthepositionofthe
Submarine orwithin baseto basecontact. Whenrollingfor hits 2 on thediceif anescortshipis movingat
36

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Tet 0?36?31236
"OUAJ.ITY
ISSTAiIDA.RD"
 .. . . ALMNG,FIASHING
SHEETOFFIfrME.
The Battle of Cloyd'sMountatn,9 May 1864
By David Bickley

INTRODUCTION to stike nonh east and link with Sigel in the Shenandoah
Valley.
Withtheappointrnent ofU-S. GrantasLieutenantceneraland
Commander-in-Chief of all Federalarmiesin March 1864rhe
Civil War enteredits final and most deadlv Dhase.crant THEOPPOSING FORCES
conceived of a \rmple.)el effeclive. ptanwhichwouldenabte atl
of the superiorresources at his disposalto be broughtagainsr For the task facing hin Crook had available a force of some
the Confederacy in a concertedplanofaction involvingall the 6,5t10 troops,organisedintothree brigades.ln additionhecould
scattered Federalarmies.Suchco-ordination hadneverbefore callon a force of 2,000 cavalryunderBrigadier ceneral w-w.
principal task was the destructionof the
beenpossible,withthe effectrhatthe beleagured andscatrered Averell, whose
Confederateforces had often been able to reinforceone salrworks at Saltville,Mrginia. Crook'sforcewascomprised as
anotheras the cir€umstances dictared,makina use of their follows:
shorrer inrernal hne\ot defence on occavon, andIuttvrealisin! FirctBdgad€(ColonelR.B. Hayet:
the,traregical advantage. of the railroadInf'dsrruclure which- 23rdOhio
theycommanded. Thus,from thetimeofFirst Bull Run. trooDs 36thOhio
qereoftenswitched urgenllyto counrernumericrlly.uperio'
Federalattacks. Second Brigade(ColonelC.B. White):
Granthadbegunto develophissrrategyas 9th West Virginia
earlyasNovember
1863in a correspondence 14th West Virginia
with Major ceneralHalleck,ar that
timetheFederalCommander,in,Chief 12rh Ohio
in Washineton. whilsthe
91stOhio
\Iillcommrnded theforccs in rheWe\r.\o$ (hal-C'anr $a! lhe
seniorofficer.wirh Halleck appointedas his Chief of Staff. Third Brigade(ColonelH.G. Sickel):
thoseplanswould be testedin combaragainstihe combined 3rd Pennsylvania
forcesof the Confederacy.crant's first stepwas to make a 4th Pennsylvania
nunber of seniorfield appointmentsof thosepe*onnel he 1lth WestVirginia
considered necessary to carryout theplannedoffensive. Meade 15thWestVirginia
wasto retaincontrclof the Army of thePotomac,thoughCrant
In oppositiontothe Federalincursionthe Confederacy could
wouldmakehisHeadquarters in the Fieldwith thatanny,with mustersome
"L€e\armywillbeyourobjectivepoint. 6,000ormoretroopsunderthecommand of Major
ordersthat, Wherever GeneralJ.C. Breckinridge,en€arnped aroundDublin, Virgi-
Leegoes,thereyouwillgoalso."Sherman wasgivenconrrolof nia. Breckinridge learnedof Crook\ movemeirts andbeganro
the Military Division of the Mississippilvirh orders to
". . . moveagainstJohnston'sarm\,. takeslepsto counterthemwhensudd€nlythe wholepicturewas
to breakit up and ro get changeddranatically. Breckinridge's
into the inrterior of the enemiescountry. . . : Banks was forceswere suddenly
orderedto join Leet Army of NorthemVirginia,alongwith
orderedto beginan offensiveno(hward from New Orleans
Imboden\cavalrystationedat Staunton,to counterthe threat
towardsMobilei Butler'sArmy of the Jameswasorderedto
to his supplyroutesin the Shenandoah Valley.On 4 May, in
stike from City Point towardsRichmondalong the James
response to a communication from Lee, Breckinridge senthis
River; Sigel,commandingthe Departmentof WesrVirginia,
two strongestinfantry brigadesto Staunton,155milesnorth
wasorderedto advanceinto the Shenandoah Valtevio divert east.He plac€dhisremainingtroops,p€rhapssorne
lheConlederacy ,,canlyre,enesanddesrrolnswarresources. 3,000inall,
underthe commandof BrigadierGeneralA.G. Jenkins,with
WhatGnnt plannedwasa concerted war ofaxrition, to which orden to cover the whole
country west of the New River.
he believedtherecouldonly be oneoutcome.(In an interview
Jenkinshad but recentlyretumed10 duty in commandof a
with a British Army vetinaryinspector.Dr Criffith Evans,
cavary bngade,hav;ngsuffereda headwoundat Gettysburg.
duringthe Wilderness CampaignCrant told him .. . . he was Jenkins'force wasconprisedasfollows:
confidentofvictory,ifonly because hehadlimitlessreserves he
couldcallon andthe SouthemArmy hadnone.' - Manchester FirstBrigade(ColonelJ.C. Mccausland)
Guardian,March23rd,1935-on the occasionolEvans'l00th 36thVirginia
birthday.) 45thVirginia
Hea\a rains in April delayedthe openingof the planned f,0thVirginia
offensive,but by the 27ththe groundhad becomesufficiently
dry for Grantto issueorden for the operarions to begin.Sigel Olher Troops
wasorderedtobeginhisoperationsinrheShenandoahvalleyon PulaskiCountyHornecuards
2 May, theotherarmsofthe attackwereto comrlcncerwooavs Beckley's Battalion
later.Thisarticleconcerns not the major actionsfoughrout by Bryan's Battery
GrantandLeeor Sherman andJohnsron. but ratherthesmaller
'side show' fought out in western
Virginia when Brigadier
G€neralGeorgeC. Crook and his smallFederalarmv moved THE GENERALSITUATION
rhroughrhe AlleghenyMounlain\ot,ourh ues(ViiFnia ro Sincetheopeningofthe warin 1861rheVirginiaandTennessee
destroythe Virginia and Tennessee Raitroadbridgeat New Raihoadhadbeenlittle subjectto attack,beyondone or two
RiverBridge.a vitalsupplylineforRichnond andtre's army. isolatedraids.Now Crook had beenorderedto take a whote
Crook'ssecondary objectivewasthe destructionof the state's armytodestroyone ofits majorbridges.Therailroadwas a vital
saltworksandiron andleadminesinthearea.Afterthat hewas link for the ernbattledConfederacy, connectingRichnond ro
Bristot.Tennessee. Crook'staskwasmadethe moredaunting
by the narurallyruggednatureofthe terrain.His only feasible
routethroughtheAlleghenyMountainswith hisarmywasdown
the vallevo{the KanawhaRiverin WestVirginia This would,
he expected.take him six days of forced rnarching.In the
meantimehe hadto remainundetected in
bv the Confederates
lhe vicinity,for reinforcementswerejust onedayawayby rail.
He beganhis narch on 29 Apd and by 8 May had reached
ShannonBridge. Also by rhen the detachedcavalryunder
Averell were closeto their target of Saltville.when,tuming
asideon rumounof Confederate cavalrybe{orethem,theyran fr'- 'an \\ 'rr..sui.
into Morgan\ Kentucky cavalry at Wytheville and were

Back;nDublin.whereJenkinshadhisheadquarters. te had
{'T. .^ri}
'
received reportsfromcavalryscoutsfaUingbackunderpressure taoi-resr
h-7.-\
|--,.' ,'
from Crook's army as early as 6 May. He sent a wire to \,)'
Breckinndgewarninghim of the developingsituationandset
about buildinga defence.He halted the further transferof
Mccauslandtinfantryfor Stauntonand stopp€dan artillery ,1;1\'\'
brigadeat Dublin.On 7 May thebatterytook up itsPositionon \(\'
sone woodedbluffsfive rnilesto the nodh of Dublin nearthe -**-*"-**i*+**"*
foot of Cloyd'slvlountain.On 8 May Jenkinscalledout the
PulaskiCountyHome Guards.desperatelbr extra troopsto Confederate line.TheFirstBrigadewouldformon its right,the
meetCrook'ssuperiorforce. On the sameday Mccausland's centreof the line. the Third Brigadeon its right, formingthe
infantryreachedthe areal they and the gunsbeganto dig in westernend of his line. These dispositionswere seriously
Other reinforcemenrs were not so speedilydispatchedThe hanperedby the densepine tloods and undergrowthin the
45thVirginiadid not arriveuntil earlyonthe9th,whilethe400 area-One advantagewas that White\ Brigadewas able to
troopersoflhe 5th KentuckyCavalrywhocouldbe boardedon deployverycloseto the Confederateght withoutbeingseen
the trainswerenot ableto leaveuntil midnight.Neveftheless, It was shortly after gam when the batile openedwith th€
"
Jenkinswasableto wire Breckinridgelhal his force . . will skirmishinson Clovd'sMountain. Sometwohoufflaterat 1lam
not be drivenoff." theartilleri beganio fire astroopsfrombothsidesreached lheir
srarlineDocihons. CIook \ plan cdlled fora co_ordrnaled alldcl.
bur rhi iroop.on lhe leh ol hi. linecouldnordbrrn8ui'h lhe
THEBATTLEOFCLOYD'SMOUNTAIN DrcJrrdneed srenal und.o lhe allcckgotoft piecemeal while
North ofDublin the countryside wasoneofgentlyrollinghills, orderedrhetrrir lineot hF lrooprroflrard.lhe lllh Ohioand
coveredwith a patchworkof thick woodsand clearedfields. the l4th westVirginia.Theyformedup andadvanced to within
This cameto a suddenend aboutfive milesfrom the town on sixtyvards ofthe Confederate position, but were driven backby
somehighbluffs.Theselongwoodedbluffsran parallel to the a withering fire from lroops protected by earthworks For thiny
and commanded the valley of Back minutes the Fedenls stood the test, returning fire with a will
eastof Cloyd\ Mountain
Towardsthe The bumingwadsfrom their rifled muskets fell to the ground
Creek,some50 yardsof open,flat meadowland.
west of the bluffs fte Dublin to PearisburgTumpike ran andiqniledrhedr)ledves. Smullhre'soon'preddand wounded
north-southacrossthe valley-To lhe wesiof thisturnpike the were burnr atre. A\ rhe Ohio fioop\ moved steadrl) forward
terrainwaslesssteepand wooded than elsewhere. Actoss the thev now came under fire from rifle pits on their left flank'
openvalleyof Back Creekthe baseof Cloyd'sMountainwas \rhichtheyhadpreviouslynot detected.The troopsamazinglv
ihicklv wooded$th Dine.To the eastthe banksof the creek haltedinthisviciouscrossfire fortwentvfiveninutes,suffering
wer€'thicklv wooded. the creek itself had steep banks
containing its waistdeep,fastflowingwaters. Although enjoyingthe ptotectionof earthworksthe Con-
On the morningof the 9th Jenkinsand Mccauslandhad a federateswere also taking losses One companyof $e 45th
sharpdisagreement abouttheinititaldispositionsofthe 8thwith Virginiawasnoved to its right to supportthosemostseriously
ihe resultthat Jenkinsorderedchanges.To the west of the pressed.Further support came from two guns hurriedly
turnpikeheplacedthe36thVirginia,coveredby alow riseinthe ;edeDloved.Jenkinsnow ordered the 36th Virginia and a
Virginiaalso
sround on which he sited his artillery. To the east of the furthir gunto nove to supporthisright The60th
aumpikehe positionedhis remainingtroopsfurther forward: sent two companiesto help, th;nning theirown defensive lines.
the 60thVirginiaalonga woodedridge,thenthe Home Guard, No sooner hid they done this lhan they in tum came under
thenthe45thVirginia.withtheirlineext€ndingdowntowarcls a
hollow. Behind them he stationedthe men of Becklev\ At about 11.30amSickel'sBrigadeleft coverand attacked
Battalion.less than200strong. His wholeline\{aslessthanhalf acrossthe open valley floor. lmmediatelythey cameunder
a mile in length.coveredby hastilythro*n up earthworks, heavydrrilleryfire.A.lhey cro'.edthecreektheyul(ocame
commandingth€openvalleyfloor. Jenkinsfeltthathisposition underhear!tirehom lheopposing infanrr) fheirlo$e\ 'oon
becameheavyandthe attack first faltered andthenbrokeup in
At about5amCrook\ forcebeganits southwardmarchfrom the face of such a storm offire The Filst Brigade of Hayeshad
Shannon'sBidge and within two miles had reached the not vet deDloved to attack when Sickel's men noved forward
northem base of Cloyd's Mountain. Crook fell that the nather thin waste tine, Hayes ordered his men forward into
Confederates must occupythe high groundand so he sent a the attackby the rear flank. Stopping to align his formations
strongforcethroughthemountainroad.On gainingthesummit aftercrossing thecreek.Hayesagainorderedhismenforward.
againstno morethanthe oppositionofJenkini skinnishers he The 23rd Ohio led the attackand, althoughsufferingheavily
wasable to surveythe true position. He ordered his Second ftom the fire ofihe 45thVirginia,theymadethe coverofa low
Briqadeto moveeastwards wilh the intentionof flankingthe bluffwithinl00yardsoftheHomeGuards.Suddenlythese raw
 j:_t-ttr*-]-ts]l
-i - KEEPWARGAMING
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Bailey
TheKeep
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M'n'.rJaF,cu n.r. A |15nr airdr

Hebi6 & dost gJrce& RouldsavVi{atu6 - ai risud a.Jrr
Gnqs,MLF s dedEnse3
T.iron,[email protected]&Naimirh-sddedrarqss
Mu$un Minim'e! sNo Mhbn'@s
Pla.dcm,
Mdch bu vehrcresjAirfixi Rwerr;Fujimj Esi.
troopssawthe Fed€rals appearasif fron nowherejust yardsto Mdd'
theirfront.Theirnervefailedandtheybrokeandran.A gaping W$oocum€nrdi€srW&FaaruB Frns,stc.
holeopenedin the Confederate cenrreand soonthe worksof C.mpd.rGams&i!16
Tuul FAedl \ SbrpmlDcddnolJn ed FTli,h.oTpu.e waa.m€e casr€
the60thVirginiawereovelrur in fier€ehand-to-hand fighting.
Overon the Federalleftthe l4th WestVirginiaandthe 12rh 3ok &Rul6
Gares;Newb4RLles,
Ohiowerefinallybrokenbyheavyenemyfireandfled.Behind osp.tMrnarA'T,, Elt..Vargra'd&c.nprqnsr ei:Ra'dq,
M O.D.Game5; An*hlus: AdiveSerui@ Prc$.
themthe 9th WestVirginiaandthe 91stOhio wereorderedto plur$l.dedrirlesfdm n.nyorhsrpublish,a6.
lie downto allowthe fleeingtroopsto passsafelywithouttoo lmln & ModerBulrdind3
K&Mrrces:Hde's{resnr,Ma'nyM'rtary{dein,: rhe0'ur lrs n,,
much disruption.Then the Federalsstood and delivereda Hrdcdw Desq1{ddr:DEpe.Mode ) { 5rm Ndpos.i( ed buEn ser
tellingvolleyinto the surprisedConfederate pursuenas they shopopenTuessar11O.00am 600pml.
cameover the rise. Beckley'sBattalion\ras halredby this
suddenstormof fire. For severalminutesthetroops€xchanged
fire at a rangeofonly a few feet,thenthe Confederares retired Bdgademovingup to the gunsandwereforcedto fall backin
on their works.The 91stOhio fi\ed bayonetsand advanced, confusion.Now Mccauslandfound his line flankedfrom the
overrunning the rifle pitson the Confederateright.Theyfound west by artillery and infanlry and he was forcedto order a
themselves behindthe exposedflank of the 45thVirginiaand
beganto pour in a tell;ngIire, eventhoughthemselves under
closerangeartilleryfire- The grh WestVirginiathencharged
the45thfrontallyanda fier€efightbeganfor possession of their AFTERWORD
works.At that momeniJenkinswasshotfrom hishorsewhile
TheBattleofCloyd'sMountainwasover.It hadlastedonlyfor
tryingto rallyBeckley'sBattalion.
about an hour and a half, but the lossesto both sidesgive
Commandnow passedto Mccausland,who found the
testimonyto the ferocityof the fighting.Federallosseswere
situalionconfusedall alongthe front. Jenkinshadorderedahe
688,about10%of thetotalconmitted;Confederate losses538,
36thVirginiato moveto the supportofhis centre;but. jusr as
positionhehadbeenforcedby growingpressure about 23% ofthe total committed. It was a Federal vicaory,but
theyreached to at a price.The Confederate defenders had held off a superior
re€allthem.Mccauslandnowhadto orderthembackto hisleft.
force.but lackedthe resources to defeatthem.
wherethe artillery were under threat. At ihat momentthe On themorningof 10May Crook'sforces enteredDublinand
suddenlossoftheirColonelthrewthemintoconfusion andthey movedto burn the New River Bridge.AlthoughMccauslard
beganto retreat.This retreatby the 36thleft rhe45thexposed hadpostedgunsacrossthe river
to fire on the attempthe was
andtheytoo wereforcedto fall back.The wholeright flankof unabl€to preventits burning.
Strangely.Crooknow retreated
the Confederates werenow for€edbackthroughthe woodsto throughthe Allegheny
Mountainsratherthanjoining up with
anotherlow bluff. This left the 60thexposedand,attack€din Sigelin the Shenandoah. was
He soonjoinedby Averell.Nine
their flank, they too fell back. On rhe Confederateleft the dayslaterCrookmadecanp
at MeadowBluff, WestVirginia.
artillery,suppbrtedby only onecompanyofthe 45thVrginia, One part of Grant's grand
strategyhad, after a successful
andattackedby the 15thWestVirginia,wasalsoforcedto fall opening,nisfired.

The whole of the Confederateline had been broken and

drivenbackinlo meadowland abovethe bluffsit hadoccupied. WARGAMINGCLOYD'SMOIJNTAIN
Mccau$andrallied the remnantsof his Iorce to cover the The Bartle of Cloyd\ Mounta'nand rhe accompanying
woundedand artillery as they fell back on Dublin. Crook atternptsto destroythe New River Bridgeand the saltworks
orderedhissmallcavalryforce to chargethesebruisedunits,
but and leadand iron minesin thar part of Virginia offersa self
dererminedfire drove off the attack. He then ordereduD containedandeasilymanageable wargames campaign. By Civil
artilieryinto canisterrange,but Mccausland,seeingthe guns Warstandardsthe forcesinvolvedaresmallandshouldbe well
only coveredby dismountedcavalry,orderedan attackof his within the reachof mostwargamers. Sincethe batrlefielditself
own. Whenthe Confederate attackerswer€lessthan200yards was relativelycompa€tit can be represented on the average
fromtheirobjectivetheywered:smayedtosee theFederalFirst tabletop,evenin mv favourite25mmscale.
40
As a campaign scenariothe eventswouldlendthemselves to
twoplayers.at theveryleast,perhapswith theumPiretakingon
the role of Breckinridgeand Lee'sHeadquaners. The player
iakingthe role of Crook has an independentcommand andso
needsto be linkedonly with Averell.who couldbe an unPire
HOVELSr.ta
controlledcharacter,as €ouldMorgan.The campaignwould
beginwith Crookdrawingupmovementordersto complywith
Granfs directive.Jenkins(or Breckinridge,if played)would * t{EwTHISMOttlTH*
then havelo draw uD Dlansfor the defenceof the area.This
couldbe nade morecomplexby an umpireserdinga constant 25MN EUROPEAN RANCE
streamof requests from Headquartenand feedingall sortsof Plaln Palnted
reports tuomthe Confedemte scoutsand€iviliansoperatingor ginteFamhouse
H63'LaHaye
residingin the area. All should serve to ensurethat the . ,1815" 89.50 FtO.qO
Confederateplayer(s)operatesagainstan uncertainback-
ground with too few forces to defend evety strategicPoint. I TOFOILOW I{EXT O rH
haveprovided anoutlinemapoftheoperational area,whichcan LargeBam
be enlarged for useby panicipants. A moredetailedmap€anbe Cowsheds/Stables
to'r]nd h Baties and Leaderu.Volume IV. It would also be P19sty
possiblefor the campaignscenarioto be convertedto a solo ArchedCateway
format, with either side beingcapableof automaliccontrol. Wallsection
anclexecution,or ranclom
eitherto their historicaldispositions "LAHAYE
a magnificent25mm
Tocomplete SAINTE"
For thoseplayersnot dra*n to the camPaigntbrmat, or Farmset
withoutsimilarlike-mindedopponents, the battleis wellsuited pleaseadd
forplayingout on the tabletop.Evenin 25mmscale,atableno U.l(.postandpackaging 15%onodels upto
The playerdrawnao !25 and 10% on allodersover €25. Access,^r'isa
orders
morethan8 x 4 feetshouldbe necessary. faxed oftelephoned on 0472-750552 [,4on-Fri
can be
the sinallerscaleswouldneedan evensmallerarea.The main Please ouotecafdexpirydate.Forourillustrated
featuresneededto allowthe gameto developwouldbe ihose crtal09Je sendtl.00 plusa stamoed addressed
indicatedon the accompanying map,especial importance needs oveEeas customers pleasesend 4 LR.C.'sto:
envelope.
tobe giventotheteraintothewestoftheturnpikeroadandon
the €astof the Confederate position,wherethe Federalswere HOVELS,18 ClebeRd,Scartho,Grlmsby,
ableto getclose,screened bytheheavypinewoods. south Humberslde D1{33 2HL.
Both Crook and Jenkins seem to have been average ftade E wudes wetcqie
commandenin this encounter.thoughin a camPaign contexl
Jenkinsseemsto have been the more confidentof the two.
Someof ihe troopsavailabl€to both commanders shouldbe
treatedas veteran,but a good proportionneed only to be WARRIORMINIATURES
considered astrained-k€enbut lackingmuchexpeienceofthe 14 Tlverton Aq,, Glasgou,G32 9NX Scotland.
'elephant'.The PulaskiCountyHome Guardsare raw troops,
New catalosue €1.50plusa stamp€d ad.lress€d mvelope.
with a very highprobabilitvof flight in adversity.or perhaps Pl6. stalel erestsfor ffple 24 hotr ansuerphone.mobil.
evenwithoutreverselThegamemightbeginby thedeploynent Te\ O4l-77A3426
of the defendingConfederates. eitheralongthe bluffsason 9 W€ a6€Dr Vis Aa6 Maslsdid €1c
rs'm A8xlES onlq f9.i5 - !r.50 pdi Chd* from rm.h d British
May 186,1, or to someotherplan devisedby the commander' l\,mleonic. Romfl' ECW Rqalist or P'timenEritr ACW North and
TheFederalplayerswould thenmaketheirdispositions andthe s;mr'. r&h ( ato4, Colonial zulu' ud Bm'eh rar.$ Good or Evil'
gamewouldbegin.As the Confede.ates wereheavilyoutnum- MiniDUn oI r0O oF(e5 in ea.h dmv pa'li Grc'r V'lu?
25b[ NAmIEOMC AiT IES onlv f15 95 + 42-75 p6t,1(x) pic6
beredthe gameneedseithertohavea fixednumberofperiods, Brit'lh. Fre.cn. P@ian, B65tan, Auttn.n. Spmish
after which a Confederate 'victory' is proclairnedif they still !5bb Aa lES obry !r9 50 ' !3.00 pos. C@li Ronfu PGiatr
positions. needs to rh',.',n- Macsdonis. Nolmn, Smutd Monsob bndlkns'hra
holdall, or most,oftheir defensive orthere Medidals €tc.
be possibilityof troops arriving by train from Stauntonto tslll ddatu of all fislE ln dt 3up€r nd c.!dos!.
The period(s)whenthisnight happen 25bm t.!lE lron 25D, 15M tbD t vl.ltu 0p. A! mde th rop qualftv anov
reinforcethe defenders. &d xod.m USA'
N:u2Od SD.tl3i ctvll Wd
shouldeitherbe determinedbytheplayenbeforehand or by an t5m aqulpD.nt 2srD J..oblkaa5p..ch.
agreedpercentage dicethrow in eachturn. To remaintrue to
the hisloricalperiod, the chanceof re;nforcements arriving
shouldnot be too good,rememberthe1rue positionin the area but a few. ln a similarway there are a numberof rule sets
and the threat posedto the Shenandoah Valley by Grant's available.both hornegrownandfrom the States.Eachsethas
plans. their own devoteesand detractors.and l. for one. would not
like to be drawninto any sort of discussion on their relative
medts.I knowwhichset I use,I leaveotherplayerssimplyto
FIGURES maketheirownchoice.
Therearemanyveryfine rangesof figuresavailablein a variety
ofscalesto suitall tastesandpockels.My personalfavourites, BIBLIOGRAPHY
asa confirrned25mmplayer,arethe splendidrangeof figures
by Dixon, thoughotherswoutd disagreeand mentionthose Ametica'sCivil wat. Match1994,pp26'32.76'80.
othersplendidrangesby FirstCorps,Connoiiseur, Old ClorJ, Battlesand Leaderc of the Civil wat , vol. IV .
andBicorne. In 15mm my son,Matthew,tellsme there areno Haryer's I ustratedHistory of the Ciril wat. F aifax Prcss.
figuresto surpassthosemadeby AnthonyBarton,soldby Po y TheCi|ilWat Battlefield Grr'de.The Conservation Fund.
Oliv€r Castings.Other extensiverangesare availablefrom The WestPoini Military History Series.TheAmeticanCivil
Miniffgs,Essex Miniatures.[ront Rank,andOld Gloryto name
 1

(25mm)
wAR 1846/18a8
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4l

MY GOD,IT'STHEWRONGBEACH!
. . . and the otherways to add confuslonto your D-Dayreplays
By KenHanning

Thereis no doubt that the demandfor accuratefiguresand weak, or indeedaverageversusaverage.The point is that
vehicleswith which 10 re-fight every aspectof Operation neithercommanderwill knowwhatforceshecanrelyon to fight
'Overlord'hasbeenwell anticipated by a nunber ofthe toiling with, or against.Even better, the reinforcementlists to be
foundriesaroundthe country.So it's a prettyfair bet that the dra*n laterinthegame,will keepbothcommanders guessingas
battlesthatwill equallyundoubtedly gracea thousand wargan- towhatmight lie instore later.This method will €ntrust
thesize
ers tablesthissunmerwillbeperfectin everyphysicat aspectof of forcesthat will meereachotherro chance:in termsof the
man,machine,andtenain.Thisistenific news,all ofourgam€s laterimpacton field comrnandels, that'sprobablyexactlyhow
will quite clearly'look' the part: but will they 'feel' the part - theywouldhaveseenit also.
visualac€uracy in this contextis certainlyhalf the battle,but The above h simple and neat. bur not skillful. Some
whalabouttheneedtodeploysomementaldexterityaswell? wargamercmay prefer a more cartographicalprocessto be
There is very litde point in runningthrougbthe detailed involved.With the addition of an umpjre this is obviously
problemsthat faced the 'Overlord' planners,or lhose that possible.Real or inventedmapscan be usedat the pre-game
challenged the Germanarrnydefendenof the Atlantic Wall. stageto providechoice.My onlyconcemis thata geat manyof
But there are a numberof simplechoicesthat can be easily usdo nothaveaccess to umpiresreither because we meetin the
presented to wargamerc to enhance therelevance ofanyD-Day usualtwo-playersituation,or becauseour other wargaming
friendsaremorekeenon playingthanon umpiringl

STRATEGICCHOICE LOCALCONFUSION
Foroncethisis not thepointarwhichthebulk ofus,determined I ama keensupporteroftheviewthatwhenevertwowargamers
yet againon re'fightingthe taking and holding of Pegasus meet,theyshouldgetonwith thegamiflgasquicklyaspossible.
Bridge,shouldmoveon to the next paragraph.lTry the next One of the difficultieswith introducingchoicesat different
article! Ed.l If ever a campaignprovedthe importanceof gamepoints,isthatit canstartto makethewargamedisjoint€d;
strategicdecisionsto the situationslater facedby battlefield this in turn canprettyquicklyspoilthe tun from whai is, after
commanders. thenD-Daywasit. all, an entertainment. ThereforeI am fairly certainthat ifyour
It is importanrto be clearabout rhe objectivehere.lf the gamemakesuseof the StrategicChoiceapproach,then once
intentionisto fighta straight-for\!ard20mn scaleencounter on, that is decided.ir is importantto gel on andplay the gameout
say, a table 8'x 6', then the for€esinvolvedare unlikelyto accordingto your normalrules,with no further'intrusions'.I
represent anythingmorethanbattalion-sized actions.Obvious- amsurethatoverelabontioneventuallykillsthespidtandflow
ly, oncethe normalwargameis commen€ed on this basis,it ofthe game.
would be unrealisticto offer lhe commanderssrategic That said,if a gameis devisedthal will not makeuseof the
d€cisions. Theobjeciivehereis thereforeto produceawargame StrategicChoice,then other methodsof introducingD-Day
trick: beforebattlecommences, theplayersassume thestralegic
rolesof'Overlord' planne^ makingthe softsof choicesthat Local field comrnanders facedmany problemson the day
will be explainedbelow;oncethe game;s readyto commence itself.How aboutbeingdel;veredto the wrongbeach?Again
on lhetablelop. theyrevenlo fieldcommanders. this is quite a neatone for the traditionaltwo-playergame.A
The logic oI this hasa greatdeallo do with wideningthe weekbeforethe gamewhy not supplyyour opponentwith the
entertainment valueof the gane, by allowingplayen to get a te[ain map, showingbeachconfigurations, exit routes,pill-
feel {or ihe big picture,and then pickingup the piecesas the boxes etc. He then spendsthe week thinking about his
fightthe consequences. deployments. The week h impo ant here, il allowshim to
The biggestproblemof all, for both sides,wasof course, becone properlyfamiliarwith the problemto be faced,and
where? whereshouldthe Allied forcesattack. and where hopefullyhewill startto planfairlyfixedsolutionsto the battle.
shouldthe Germanforcesdefend?This is the first strategic ln a simplisticway, this is intendedto mirror the training
choicethat can be offered via a representational device.It exerciseof actualtroopsat the time. On his arrival for the
wouldbe impossible to realistically
recreate
the scaleofthereal battle,presenthim with threeenvelopes, all of whichcontain
dilernma,bu! we canpresenta choi€ethat impactsonour scale differentbeachterrainmaps:dependingonhow vindictiveyou
in a similarway. arefeeling,ensurethat oneor noneofthe mapsresembles the
Beforethebattleis fought,two playerscouldhandletheissue onehe hasbeenstudyingfor the week!And startthewargame
like this: they eachagreebeforehandan order of battlethat immediately-Although this can never be anythinglike as
providesenoughforcesto fight on threeof the 8' x 6' tables horrible as the real life problem of well trained troops
mentionedearlier.The forcesare agreedso that they can be discoveringthey've been trained for the wrong assault,try
juggledto provideone'strong" force.one "average"andone convincing yourby nowembitteredopponentofthat!
"weak"{orce;theseIorceswouldrepresentthe openingforces
Another areaof confusioncan be used to further exploit
for the battle. In addition,two listsof reinforcenentswould presentexpectations. (AgainI wouldstressthat whateveryou
need to be prepared:one "weak' force, and one "average" do, useoniyonetrick suchasthese,for the reasonsmentioned
earlier.)Many wargamersbecomehappilyprogrammedinto
The useof this deviceis simple;both playersarrivefor the usingtrooplypesthat performverynuch as€xpected.
game and straightforwardly"draw", by any appropriate This problem can be tackledhead on. There isn't nuch
melhod,their openingforce list. This couldpit strongvenus mileageintryingtoartificiallyre-condition goodtroopsintobad
 43

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ones- by arguingfor examplethattheyaresea-sick for the first

threemoveslButitisimpossible loresonto devicesthatpullthe
rug oul frorn under players:that after all seemedto be the Wherecan I tind 2000 MilitaryBooks?
commonexperienceof many field commanders on the day. ln the
Therefore,on the given day of your battle you can either KENTROTMANCatalogue
exchange youropponent's U. S. Rangersfor ordinarysoldiers- ot coulse!
in other wordsleavehim with the sametroop numbers,but
replacethem with inferior tlpes; or you can surprisehim by
fieldingbattle-hardened WaffenSS,straightfrom the Russian
Ken Trotman Ltd cB53aD,
L-! !. Dr Dnq w'[, GddF
Front. The point is not that you are jn detailrecreatinglocal
events,but that an attemptis madeto forcethe playersto use
theirgreymatterinappropriateways,to givethema flavourof Fine and Rare Books
the mentalagilityrequired. on Military History
and Weaponry

CONCLUSION
I am surethat anyonereadingthiscan imagineotherareasof
confusionthat can be introduced.The 'Overlord' planners
tackledTiming, Weather,Location,Strengthof force, and
Equipmenti the Germans had to mirror many of rhese

Thepleareallyis to rememberwhatactuallyhappened. If the

manyaccounts haveonethingin common,it isthatD-Daywasa
dayof muchconfusionall round:it wouldbe terriblysadif we
didnl devotesome of our time to finding simple ways of
introducing
thisintoourwargames. The keyconcem,asalways,
is to do it in ways that ensure that playability is not
Mailorderis our speciality.
KENTROTMANLTD.
UNIT11, 135 DITTONWALK CAI\4BRIDGE,
cBs 80D
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 HOLDUNTILRELIEVED
Brtdge- 6June1944
Thecoupdemalnat Pegasus
A20nmWWIIScenado
By ColinRumford

TIIEACTION
Pegasus Bridgecrosses (or it did until the Frenchdenolishedit ^ 0 +1,
lastyear- no commentl)the CaenCanal.It wasan important f
objectiveof the 6th A'rborne Divhion on D'Day. Its capture
(togetherwith the nearbyOme River bridge)wasrequiredto
eflabletheAlliesto expandtheirbeachhead-
The assaultforceconsistedof a reinforcedcompanyof lhe
2ndBattalion,Oxfordshire& Buckinghamshire Light Infantry,
supporledby engineers. commanded by Malor JohnHoward.
Thesetroops were transportedto their objecrivein Horsa
gliders.Howards orderswere to captufethe bridgesusing
'Surprise,speedanddash',repelall counter'attacks and'Hold
until relieved.
The captureof Pegasus Bridge itselfwas the task of three
gliders(nos91,92, and93). Glider91 (with Howardonboard) Table3 givesthe methodof determiningBritishparatroop
toucheddownat00l6hoursandskiddedioastop,entangled in reinforcements whi€hmayenterthe tablefrom point A on the
barbedtlire, 47 yardsfrom the bridge.Numbers92 and 93 rnapon theBritish2nd,3rdand4th turn.
landed nearby wilhin the next two minutes.Surprisewas Table4 is ihe chartwhichgenerates Germanreinforcements
completeand the leadplatoonwere on the bridgebeforethe whichmay(or- nore usually- maynot) arriveat pointB or C.
enemy reacted.After a fierce firefight. lasringonly a few The methodof testingfor reinforcements is simple.For each
minutes,the bridgewasinBritishhands.Shorilvafterwards the Germanturn after(andincluding)turn 2, throw two d6s,one
Ome Bridgewassecuredwithout a fight. denolition charges for point B andanoiherf('rpoinl C- Ifeither resultis a sixlhefl
were removed.and Howardradioedthe success signal-Ham Germansenterthe tableat thcsepoinls.A d10roll will show
andJam'. exactlywhatdoesardve.Ifa numberhaspreviouslybeenused
A counter-altack by Germanarmourquicklydeveloped and thenroll again.
the Paraslook out a tank with a PIAT. forcingthe othersto Table5 hasthe compositionof the relief colunn. This will
retreat.Elementsof the7th Parachute Baitalionbeganarriving enterthetableat pointD on Britishturn 10+ d6 roll.
at 0300houn to reinforcethe Britishposition. As canbe seen.we now haveouit€a fewvariables.
At dawn a German gunboat came up lhe canal from
Ouistrehamand opened fire on the Paras.This too was
dispatchedwirh a PIAT andits crewcaptur€d. TIIE RULES
SeveralmoreGermanattemptsto recapturethebridg€swere your fancy,bui herearea few factors
foughr oftduringthelollowing mornrnB. Pres'uresa' mounting Basicallywharevertakcs
whichyoumaywishto takeinto account.
though.until, with somerelief,the defenders heardthe sound
bagpipesat 1330hours.which signalledthe It's night - thereforevisibilityis restrictedto 18 inchesfor
of approaching
tums 1-10andit increases 6" per tum thereafter.
arrivalof Lord Lovat and the Commandosof his lst Special
The gliderscancrash- there{oreaseachglideris placedon
Services Brisade.
the tableon turn onea d6 is thrown.A scoreoffour, fiveor six
andthegliderlandsOK. Ifthe resultis a oneit isawrite-offand
all the occupants lost. A scoreof two or lhree and it suffersa
THEGAME crashlanding;ifthisis the casethenafunher d6 is thrownwith
(Thefigurescaleis aboutI : 2). the resultingscoreequallingthe numberofparaslostisimilarly
The actioncanbe playedon an 8'x 5'tabletoporsinilarand throwan additionald6 for eachcrew-serledweaponcarriedin
the sketchmapshowsthe key featuresto be represented. The theglider(i.e.PIAT.3" & 2"no alsandVickersMG) with any
Britishobjeativeis to attackand capturePegasus Bridgeand sixscoreresultinginthe lossofthe weapon.
holdiruntilrelievedbyBrigadierthe LordLovat.hispiperand
rhere'rof l\r SpecialService BrigadeIt'heGemrngdfiison Surprise
canrepelthe attackorrecapturethe bridgeandholdbolh ends TheCermangarrison maywellbecaughtnapping.On theirfirst
forthreemovestheycan'blowit , therebywinningthegame- turn throw a d6. Four. five or sixandthe deployedsoldiersare
The initialGermanandBritish forces arefixed. Subsequent al€rt and may respond inmed;ately. One,lwoorthreeandthey
turnsmaybringabouta numberof randomised reinforcements are particularly dozy and may do nothing until theirnext turn,
for bothsides1osimulatethe confusionofwhathappendduring when they fight normally. If they are lucky, therefore,the
the nightandmorningof6 June- British will in effect receive a free turn-
Table I shows the initial German garrison and their Morale
deployment. BritishParasand Commandos shouldbe elite . Brilish lanks
Table2 givesthe gliderloadsfor Major Howard\ coupde andGermandefendersregulai. The Germandefenders at the
bridgeshouldbe penalised iftheiroffice is killed.
 47

TIIE HARDWARE
ObviouslythreeHorsaglidersare required.Italierido (o( at 50tbAnniuersary
leastdid. andI believeit is scheduled in 1994)a
for re-release

JUNE6thr944
suitablemodel. Theseare,however,quitelargeandwouldtend
to dominaterhe tabletop.I knockedup threerepresentations
usingan old broom handleand somebits of plywoodone
evening.I don't pretendthey'llwin anypdzes,but they were
just thejob for the game.
Fjgurescan be obtainedfrom any numberof sources,but
NORMAI\DY
Britannia do some superb German sentry types asnd RM
Commandos,includinghis Lordshipand Piper Millin. They
INVASION
alsoproducethe 50mmanti-tankgunon its fortrcssmountand
an accumteopen concreteemplacementfor it to go in- Now you can re-createthe battle
Raventho.pe andFAA do someniceParas.Vehiclemanufactur-
ers are too numerousto mention.If you wish to vary the in alJits glory with the SPIclassic
permutationsof units that can arrive then someinteresting game"NORMANDY'.
vehiclescanbe included,For examDle. the Parasencountered
the 22ndPanzerRegimentfrom 21stPanzerDivision.These Still available at only
were no longerthe 6lite Afrika Korps formation(whichhad
beenlostin Tunisia),but werein theprocessofrebuildins. One $6.50 Post Paid
battalionof theregimentwasequippedwith FrenchSomuas and
PanzerIVs wilh short75s(AusfB/Cs).I don'thaveanydetails Send today to:
ofthe Gerrnangunboat- but usea little imagination! WARWAGER
A suitablebridgemayhaveto be improvisedorscratch-built
(althoughit is rumoured that one of the resin building 37 Grove Road, Ilkley,
manufa€aur€rs is goingrodo Pegasut.The restofthe terrainis W.Yorks LS299PF.
nade up lrom hedges(not the bdcrg€rype),a few treesand
fields. Spectal Ofrer - "Normandy', "seelowe" and
"Dreadnought", all classicSPIgames;
517.50 rhe three.
solJRcEs
Mostimportantly-watch'The LongestDay'.
The new paperbackOve'lold Coarld€ by StephenChicken Tabl€4 - Germanreinforc€mentoptions
is a veryhandyandusefulbook.A fairlydetailedaccountofthe Whena sixhasbeenthrowna d10roll will determinewhat
actionisgivenin fte C/idel.to/die6by Alan Wood. arrives.Ifthe numberthrown
hasalreadyarrived the. roll
agarn.
Table1-The G€rmangarrisonat thebridge
. Oneofficer' 35olherrank"equrppedwrlh: 0 = PanzerIV (longTs)
1x 50mmPAK 39anti-tankgunon a fortressmounting I = MarderIII (long75)
2 x TripodMG'12 2=asl
2x Panzerfaust 3 = Grille(SP150mmHowitzer)
4 = Hanomaghalftra€k(SPshort75)with sixpanzergre-
Initially only the tr;pod MGs and i6 f'guresmay be
deployed(8 on eachsideof the canal).The anti-tankgun 5 = 2 x Hanomagswith 16 panzergrenadie^(inc. I
is unmanned andthe balanceof the troopsarebilletedin panzerfaust)
the buildingsaroundihe bridge. 6=as5
7=as5
8 = Truck with I x Tripod MG 42m1 x 81mmmortar,8
Table2-The British'Coupdemain'fo.ce
9 = TmcktowedPAK40 (long75anti-tankgun),4 crew
clider 9l- On€ officer(Major JohnHoward)+ 19O/Rs
equippedwith:
-lxPIAT
Table5-The Britishls( Sp€cialSe.viceBrigade
Glider92 - On€ Squadron'of threeShermans
-One officer(Lt. Wood) + 19O/Rsequippedwith: (2 x 75mm,I x 17
- I x PIAT, 1x 3" mortar pounder)
- 1x Centaurclosesupporttank(95mmhowitzer)
Clid€r93 -Lord Lovat + 48 RM commandos equippedwith:
-One officer(Lr. Smith)+ 19O/Rsequippedwith: - 1x PIAT. 1x 3"mortar,1xVickersMG, l x2"mortar
- I x PIAT. I x VickersMG,l x2"mortar

5O,OOO+ SECONDHAND WARGAMES FIGURES

Table3 - British Para r€inforc€meots Alwaysin stock.All scales.Most manufacture$.
Throwoned10perturnfor iurnstwo, threeandfour.The SAE for liststo:
result= thenumberofparasthararrive(0 : 10)on each A.J. Dumelow,
occasion.Also throwoaed6 per turn andifthe resultis a 53SlantonRoad.Slapenhill.
six,oneofthe figuresthatarrivemaybe equippedwith a Burton-on-Trent,Staffs,DEI 5
PIAT. Telephone:(02E3)30556
15mn Napoteoni*ton AB Fi9ures, mdtketedby waryonessouthin the u K. an.rbr Empetuis Headquarters
in the u.s.A. so
Eoodthatfrienllslookingat thisphotolhouehtthelnere25nm!

GUILDFORDWARGAMERS NAPOLEONIC includingshrapnelandshell.Manyof thesearenot ava'lableon

CLIQTIE& SCHEMATICA'S
NAPOLEONIC
RULES othercommercialsets.
Otherfeaturesthat we foundaddedto rheenjoymentoflhe
We at the GuildfordWargarnes Club NapoleonicClique aid ganes were: a scoutingfacilityi an initiative oprion, which
and abetour tabletopconfrontations with computerruleson allowedhistoricalimbalances in generalship to be recreated;
disk.Fromsmalldivisionalgameson clubnight.rightup to the and a reinforcement/flank marchfeature.We particutartyfeh
100unit asidebattles.We find tharrhecompurerneverliesand that the €oncealmeni option was a very nice touch,givinga
cannot cheat. Now and again il throws in the odd and randomeffectofterrainwhichwaslikedby all.
unexpectedsituation. but life under fire on a Napoleonic No setof rulesare perfecl.but for the p€rson\rho wanrsio
bartlefieldis Iikethat. moveawaytrompaperrulesandgeron with acruallyplayingthe
On trying Sch€matica s new Napoleoniccomputerruleswe gamctheserulesare for
found them fun to use, leavinga lot of flexibility for rhe anyothersetlbr irspriceon ]-ou.andfor t19.95it certainlybears
rhemarkerroday.
individualsconcerned.You just designyour armies.which is
Go.donTurner
madeeasyto do by followingthe on screenpronpls, load up
and off you go. The computertakesyou throughthe various
phasesin the programwhichwe found smoothand simpleto MODULES&MAGNETS
follow. Eventhe Napoleonicnovicecando iti all vou needro OveI thep:rsttwel!c ycrrs.circumstances haveforcedmeto live
think about are formalion changesand when to fjre. Thc at overa dozendiffercntaddresses in eightdiffcrenttownsand
computeriakescar€ofeverythingelse.No moreendless pages cities.While this haskepl me one stepaheadof rhe Reader's
of rulesto wadethroughor chartsto consult.Nhichcanoficn Digest Prize Draw mailing list. its had severalawkward
put off a playerwishingto try a newperiod. sideeffectson my wargarning activities.
Schematica havedesigned the rulcswitb playabililvin mind Firclly. transportingseveral thousanddeccntly painred
andwithmanygoodfealuressuchasfigureratiothereis no need figuresintactfrom onelocationto another.or severalhundred
to rebas€.Justtell thecornpulerhowmanymen.andthe reslis fromhometo clubmorefrcquentl).presentsproblems in ilself-
don€ for you. Other fealureswe Ukedwere RocketTroops, I don'tdrive.andtheclubh.rsthreetimesbeenin a differenrcity
Mountedinfantry(l don t know of anvother rulesthat allow to the one I lived inl Secondly,adapiingtroops to locat
thisandthisreceiveda bigthumbsupfromour FrenchDragoon preferences for rules.scales.andorganjsalions, is a nighrmare.
playert. GeneralStaffpresentasa unit Go theycaflbeshotat) particularlyas I prefer l.tndscapcdbases.Thirdly. rules
andIrregularSkirmishers. Thereis a largechoiceof weapons. increasinglyemploy modula. brsing. in which only exact
artillery pieces(including siege pieces)and ammo types. multiplesof some number of figuresare usable,and the
 49
modulesfor rulesemployingdifferentgroundandfigurescales

Srci Sorp6tE
areoftenincompatible,
The firstoftheseproblemswaseventuallysolvedby shelving
alargenumberofold styleLP carryingcases (withmetallocks-
the plasticcatcheson lhe neweroneshaven'tthe strengthto
hold anysignificantweight).Figureswereeitherpinneddown
with Blutak.or a templatewilh unit-sizedspaces gluedto each
OUF1smmFIGURE RANGES:
HEILENISTIC GREEKS (138)
shelf.I've never been able to fix the other problemsro my ROMANS(76)
satisfactionuntilnow. CARTHAGINIANS (44)& GAULS(53) Bullar!
&Did
In the lasiyearorso.a companycalledMagneticDisplays has MOGHULS(57)
startedtoadvertise inthe wargamingpress. ITALIAN BENAISSANCE (40) 81.50 Frc€)
{Posl
andattendsomeof
ELIZABETH'S IFISH WAF (58)
the major shows.Thereare two mainproduc.lines:a flexible
THIFTYYEAFSWAB165)
magneticmaterialin 0.8mmsheetor strip, and ste€lpaper',a ENGLISH CIVILWAF(79)
0.25mmsandwich-construclion sheetfor the magneticmaterial t9l0(Po3l r'r.)
SEVENYEARSWAF(287)
to \tick'to. Both areavailablein self-adhesive forms,areeasily FRENCH &INDIANWABS (53)
cutwith scissors or a craftknife,andthesheetformsare(at my cLtvEtN tNDtA(30)
AMEFICAN WAROFINDEPENDENCE {201)
requestl)availablein a reasonablewargaming green'. NAPOLEONICS(60)
Thh solv€sall theaboveproblemsata stroke.By stickingthe SEMINOLEWAB (23)
magnetsunder the figure bases,and rhe steelpaper on rhe ALAMO(25)
shelves, armiescanbe transportedon the roughesrofjourneys u.s. t',iExtcaNwAR (80)
without startingthe subsequent baule disorganised (l'm told AMERICAN CIVILWAB(217) tl.50Each
PTAINS INDIAN WAB(105) UKSub:!13 lor4
that somepeoplesteelpapertheir basesand magnerise their t\,lAXtMtLLtAN EXPEDTTTON (50) lssres.Eumperll6
caffyingcasesinslead).By puttingfigureson thesmallestbases GFEATPAFAGUAYAN WAF(47)
commonto severalrulesets,andsteelpaperingappropriate sets ITALIAN WANOFINDEPENDENCE (110)
of movementtraysor olher group bases,the figurescan be AUSTRO.PFUSSIAN WAR (147)
quicklyand securelytransferredto any organisation FRANCO.PBUSSIAN WAF(192)
required SPANISH-AMERICAN WAB(71)
Magnetisingthe travs as well allowsthe whole army ro be (Fguresidbrekersa@appminalenumbeF oligu@sinGngs- dG nol ncude
transported readyfor the desiredrulessystem. Oms.)WoidwdeMai oderSed€.50p,3lRCsor55lori usl€todlsls.
Forexample,basingandmagnetisingmy 15mrnNapoleonics
ar3/s"x V2"(infantry).h" x 1"(cavalry),and 'x 1"(artillery), 25Princetown Road,Bangor,
plussuitableexpanders will let me fight In Thecmnd Manner Co.DownBT203TA,Northernlreland.
(1:20scale,6'8 figuresin 2 ranksper base).Empire(1:60scale, Tel: 0247883187Telex:49195
loosefigureswith colurnnmovementtraysfor infantry).and
Napoleon's Battles(1:120with.{figures2 x 2 per base).It'salso
possibleto base'ny 15mmRepublicanRomansin onesand figures,makingitpossible to achievea highstandardoffinishby
twos,permitlingall of lhe lowlevel manipularformationsto be the exDerienced Dainter.
laidout, whilestill providing'l0mmfrontageelemenrs for rules i ne rangeso rar orreribfirsn inranryIn nals,grenaoters.
syst€mslhat faillo allowfor these.andsoon . I'ghtinfantr] andHighlanders. Thesearein basically two poses
Dav€Lockwood marchrng or ad!ancrnp chargrng - rnd theredrelwo \ ariants
LeaminglonSpa ofeachpose-Thcrearealsoofficers.flagbearers,sergeants and
musicians fearuredin boththe standardposes.Th€skirmishing
light infantryare perhapsthe weakestfigures,sufferingfrom
REVIEWS large or oddly shapedarms. The chargingfiguresare my
SUBJECT:AnericanWar of Independence figures favourites,angularand at full tilt. More variantsof this type
SCALtr:lsmm would be nice. to give the variety of pose dernandedby
MANUFACTURER: PollyOliverCastings wargamersthesedays.This is an imponantpoint to bear in
DESIGNER:M.W. Percy mind sincethe bulk of the army would be madeup with line
REVIEWER:PaulD. Stevenson infantry,andwhatbetterwayto depictthe aggessivestanceof
theBrilishlhanlo havelhemad!dnc'ng andchdrging.
Thisnewlineoffigureslooksselro fill agapin thequality15mm
tigure market for figuresof the AmericanRevolution.The
projectedrangecoversjust about all you would requirefor
re{ightingthe war on the tabletop; viz. Brirish infantry,
Fusiliers,Highlanders.ContinentalInfanrr)' in a variety of
uniform includinghunting shifts, Rifles, Militia, Rangers.
R. & R. MODELS& HOBBIES
BritishandProvincialcavalry,Continentalcavalry,Massachus- havemovedto
settslight infantry,thc fuli rangeof cerman troops,French
troopsandlatewarBritish,plusBritish.Arneican,Fr€nchand 145CRANBROOKROAD
Germanartillery.
Thesearetrue 15mn figures.smallerthanAnthonyBarlon's ILFORD
excellentAmericanCivil War rangereleasedby thiscompany ESSEX
which are nearerlo l8mm. Like the A.C.W. fisures.these
A.U .1.l)perarecleanly cr.l in pewler.Dutrerrillor onl) l5p. Hours: 9am-6pmMon.Sat
Allhough sligbdysmallerthan Tony\ ACW line, rhe AWI Tel: 081-55311/U
figuresexhibit.wirhoneor rworeservarions. a similarstandard
of anatomicalproportion. They are therefore not of the ESSEX MINIATURES STOCKIST
caricaturetype with accentuated detailand heaw creases and
undercuts. Nevenheless thereis a soodamountofdetailon the
50

'MEMPHISBELLE"
A preposterouslyslmplegame(low on technology,hlgh on
empathy)abouttheAmertcanDayltgfttBombtngCampatgn
agalnstGermanyI 942-45
By Andy Callan

GAMEREQUIREMENTS h) Deceased andseverelywoundedaircrewmustbe replaced

with newcrewmen.Lightlywoundedaircreware readyfor
2or (preferably)
moreplayers
acaionin dmefor $e nextmission(andareawardedaPurple
An AircraftRecordCard"(seebelow)for eachplayer
Heart).
A SquadronMhsionLog' (seebelow)
i) The MissionControllerpassesthe MissionLog andD6 to the
D10's(preferablyI for eachplayer)or a packof playingcards
playeron hisleft.
withJ/Q/Kremoved j) Repeatsteps(a)to (i) up to a totalof25missionsandseewho
txD6
Pens/pencils
Someknowledgeof the BomberOffensiveand a memoryfor Thar'sallihereis to it.
WestEuropeanandAmericanplacenames. Note: The attrition rate ;n this game(4.5% per miss'on)is
r/iglrryhigherthantheaverage for thecanpaignasawhole.but
is in linewith lossratesaroundperiodsofaverageintensity.
GAME INSTRUCTIONS
Eachplayerrepresenrs the crewof a Bl7 FlyingFonress.and
hasthe objectiveof completingan arduous25,mission tour of OPTIONALFURTHERPHASE
dutyandsoqualifyingforrotationbacktothe States. If you want 1otake the "penonalhistory"sideof thingsa bit
l) Eachplayershouldfill in his (or her) Aircraft recordcard, furtheryoucouldroll forthe survivalrateofshot-downair€rew.
with the aircrafts nickname.the namesandpersonaldetails of Therearemanypotentialfactorsinvolved,but for aircraftshot
its crew,andthe best 'noseart" (oftena "pin up ) theiranisric down over the Reich $e following figures oaken from
Middlebrook s 7r? Schw?infurtReqensbutgRaid) are il\tstt^-
2) For eachMission:
Killed:20%
a) Choosea playertoactas_MissionControllei.
Captured:73%
b) The MissionControllerrolls the D6 to givethe % attrition
Escaped:7%
rateon thatmission(e.g.a rollof5 wouldgivea 5% atr tion
rate).
c.) TheMissionControllerannounces thetarg€t-thehigherrhe
attrition rate the nore well defendedand/ordistantthe
COMMENTARY
target and entersit on the MissionLog. (To rakerhe 5% This is a light'heartedbeerandpreizels type of game,ideal
example.above,this is clearlya tough rnission.perhaps forfillingin th€ oddtwentyminutesorso.You canevenplayit
againsta well defendedcity such as Hamburg. A 1% solo.Takeit asseriously (or otherwise)as!'ouseefit.Thereare
mission.by contrast.would be a \oft'rarget. suchas a plenty of opportunitiesfor cheap lau-qhsin naming and
leaflelrun on occupiedFrance). decoratingthe planes:andpickingouttargetsteststhe players'
d) The players testto seeif theiraircraftreturnsafelyfron the ingenuity the 'Cheeseworks at Rocquefort provedio be a
"Tour of
mission-Staningwith the MissionController"eachplayer favourite(and notably tough) target in a recenr
rollsa Dl0 (or drawsa card).Reiurnto baseuntouchedfor Dooty"l
anythingbuta 0 (dice)or 10(card). It doeshaveils seriousside.thoughand I couldseeil being
e) Thosenot returningsafely, testagainfor damage.If asecond usedin a classroom situation it s suiiably"crosscurricular".
rolvcardis equalto or lessthan the Attrition Raie for the withelement( o[ Hinor]. Ceograph) dndSlarirlic'.
nission(see b", above)the aircraftis shotdown and the The \impledice-'olling mechrnism develop,d (urp'Fing
gameisoverfor lhatplayer.Iftheroll/cardishigherthanthe degreeof iensionas the gane progresses and the goal of 25
attritionrattethe aircraftreturnsto base.but hastakencrew mnsions dowly draws closer. I hope that it givesplayerssome
casualties - if the roll/cardis an odd numberthereis one inklingofwhatirmusthavebeenlike tohaveto goout againand
casualty,ifeventherearetwo. againon a seriesof dangerous missions.
seeingvour comrades
For eachcasualtyroll/drawcardagainto determinewhich not makeit backandwonderingwhelherthistime it wouldbe
crewmenberis hit (seecrewrosteron the Aircraft Record your turn. Surviving25 missionswasquile an achievem€nt'
'MemphnBelle
Cardfor crewnumbers)andthenroll/drawonelasttime to hencethe makingof the 1944documenrary
seethe effectof the hit:0/1 : killed,2/3/4= seriouswound- Geealsothe 1990film remake).whichcommemorates justsuch
5/6118/9 = light wound.
0 The MissionController entersihe aircraft loss€son the Yossarian'ssenseof outrage and despair at his ever-
MissionLog. in€reasingmissionthresholdin Heller\ Cdlcn 22 becomes
g) For survivingaircraftdraw in one 'missionaccomplished" perfectlyunderslandable.
syrnbol(i.e. a bomb) next 1o th€ aircraftnoseart on the And sparea thoughtfor RAF bomberaircrew.who hadto
AircraftRecordCard. survivetwo toursof dutv . ..!
 Sattle
fpnoura

*NEW RANGE*
CATHAGINIANS U N D E RN E WM A N A G E M E N T
CCCI crulfinci cc] Aln.rr sPLrnnco
CCC] Nunridirn COI v mr sF..xnnrn
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cccu l-hnhJnr acr alr: 'i. \ r'.1'.
CCI r,r.^nlnlJnr^\LnorL CCL \niri hl'.,lr1rl
CC CnnenInr'rnryAdv,n.ing CCll Inrt'ntr\c.nnnrrl
READYMADE ARMIES
EachRMA includesall de fieut\ you *'illnecd on n l:10 or l:1{rS.dl. k, nrrrr

Eacnalsoinclude\.n iniodlrion \hccror! pu,ntingguide

lnd rE dc\rsn.dr)
nake liie ea\ierfor the*a!8amer
*1070DISCOUNTON LIST PRICE* RMA]N NAP rrn.h (nh(l Cr\rlry Dnni,n, !$l
NAP Sr\oi lDlxnh D,\,loi It.l0
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NAP PolnhcnulrJ_Oivi\i(nr ,r\l
RMAI ACw ljnion Inirtr! Div$rn 5*i{) 5: lo NAP Brrr"ir I'nidr+-DnAnnr
RMA2 ACW UnionInfanrr!BriS e 2+11t )ltlll B r r i ' r r t rC r r r l r ! O ' r n n
RMA] NAP l,lrtt
ACw UnionCavalryBriCade )A1fi lt.&l NAP Ru\nnr lrl nu DrNrr t)Jto
RMA4 ACw Confede.are hfairry Divnion j5ilfl +e.5(r
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RMA6
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RMA8 ANC Srssanid Amr ( 1600point wRG ) 6rf 6l l0 NAP Ru\idCosicl Hoi
RMA9 ANC E.rly HoprileCreks ( l6{D poinl wRC ) j'1ln $6,(l '}8.{i1
NAp Auiriri lirxnr\ Di\nn (Hrl'nrKl !!*n
RMAI0 aNC Cdh.piniah o00wRCr Auiriri lirrfu\ Di\nr (Shrlol 1)AO
RMAIl NAp
NAP B r i r i : hP=e n ' F \ u lIdn l a n t rB) ,iEade !.,fl hrr\' NAp Auiri. Ad\rtrccCtrri(l tlril
RMAId NAP B r h h w d k r l @ l n r a n r .D ) n'JJn +rf' li'rl Auniu Cr! lid Di!i.nn,
RVAI5 NAp t)'j
NAP B n r . h| ' e h r D t r F ' o n ,)rt1' \41 NAP Aujriri H.rv) Cr l't Divnnn
RVAI6 NAP B n u . hP e - n ' h u 'LdrrF h(r s J l r ! B n r J d c , > r f iq'
NAP Pn^nir lrlnr!J Brili{tc ,i.]{o
RMArT NAp B ' n h F w a e r t @ L ' p h r C r d ^B ' a i d e _*if' h.3' PnF\ilrcr\ilD Brirndr
RMAIS NAP B ' r ' + P e n ' n . d dH e : ' \ c $ ' r q 6 r ' s " , l e - : r ' 1 f ' x q l
NAp 19.{ro
RMAI9 NAP B ' r h h w a k r l @ H e d \ ) a d \ r l DB ' r - q d e j - r n x+t NAp St trh ld Brili c lt tk
NAP Sp0NhCtrlrlrJ-BnS lc 9$
RVA20 NAP f r c n , h r n r r n r rDl ' \ ' J ; n 5e,rn a{ lr'
RVA2J NAp Fr.nchInt rr' Dtr'jon,t rFr trl{r \r.Jl RMATO Frunchlrrrnr! Divnnnrr.l79l)
RMA22 NAP Fr.nchLiphrCavakvDiv$Dn .t2iin 18.80
REV tt)0
RMATI REV Fr.n.h ltrrrrq Divnnnr(cl79lt) 5j'fi1
RMA2I NAP FrenchLiihrCa"atlt Di"i'ion(Ldc) )afl 18.n0 Fcnch LishrCrvrlrr Brig .
RMA24 NAP FEnchD;s@n Di;ision .]}fn 1.8o
RMA?2 REv ltlro 11.50
RMATI REV FrenchHcrvyCiul'r-5Bri! lc ).uo :1.50
RMA25 NAP Fr.nchCui;s\icr Division J:.(n l8u) Aunri I'rfant! Dilisnnr
RMA26 NAP FrcnchOld Cund Divirion 5:t.10
RMATI REv 51.10
,lfn RMA75 REv Auirirn Lishrcrlilrt Bri! lc !.til
RMA2? NAP FrenchYounsMiddleCuardDivision 6.klt 5670 Aunrinr HcnvyCrvnlryAri! c
RMA76 REV t5.t0
RMA77 REV Ru\nrn Inhftt arigxde 5l.{lrt
P/P l0% O.dels ove. tE0.00 Posl rra RMATI{ REv Rusi Civrlt- Bi! lc FTiJ | ] . 6 0
(UK) Eumo€ 20% R6r ofthe World
25%(S@)40%
(Ahmail) Battle Honours Miniatures Nop availablefrom:
EXCALIBUR C H A M P d eM A R S B E R N DK O H L E R CAMELOTS,A.S
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28ff)6Madrid ?5003Pia\ 1507BaunltalI 20lll5 Milrn
SPAIN FRANCE CERMANY ITALY
(rel)5626073 ( r e l ) ( l )l 9 - 5 5 - 5 1 - 0 8 (rcr)2-551-ri5166

EMPRESS
HQ L U D ON o . I M O D E L S& M I N I A I U R E S C|GAMESH
18Samis l0 ClydeSrrcet Rdi. Snnpcdrc.5.l
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fiet)2926 5t30 {rcl)(01)78199.r (rcl)9l-246-6:159
*Mail OrderWelcome*
*Free illustratedcatalogue* l5mm RangesincludeNAPOLEONICS.ACW.ANCIENTS&
REVOLUTIONARYWARS* All now sold in packs*
SHOPNOW OPENMon -Sat9.30-5.30closedwednesday all day
Battle Honours Miniatures Now available:We stockGEO-HEX& LANCTON SHIPS

1?yJii'ir!!3f rEL&FAX:08r2ee4200 m E
When replying to adverts please mention Wargames lllustrated,
52

CALII'ER EOOKS
8f6.8f8 f,ordon noad, Leigh.on.Sea, Esscx JSt StlHlet &Fdr.rOrO2rt985
124 ho',,t,, .tayt a week Order Serylcel
SHOF AXXIVERSANY SPECIAI FOR [.AY A JUlfE
To celebrateour fiBtyear in the shop, all callersquotlng thls adven can clalm l0% dlscountofall figures,
games,ruler etc.All mail order <ustomers- an),where In the world-will get 50% off their postage costsIt
they mentlonthls offer.

II/INDROW & GREENE3MJLITARIAOIRECTORY A SOURCEBOOX - I.VAIUAb]E FRE A FURYWE5IERNSC€MRIOS

'iemaroar sourceb@k ror an rhhg mrribry LAIESTlsuE our Now. AAIIL€S & SKIRMISHES
OF IHE GREATSIOUXWAR I376.77 F22.50
IHEARI4Y OF ROSERTE. LIEIKATChEI
JUIY OSPREYSPOSTFREE CONFEDERA1TSIRATEGYFROMSHILOHIO VICI(SBURC/
JOHNMRES BOXEDSEr-ACW tuls again avaitabre
IHF ME{CIN ADVEMURE ,3b I .67'cCORGF WA5HINGTON SARM /. ILAG\
OFTHEIHIRDREICHll: THEAUSIRIAN
ARMY| 7€€O 1jarVArr?Y
€3.50 coLoNLALCoNOUE T- rse 6 lM.ot waBl & 7lr5t Ber wa.JM lw.
LAI€ROMANINFANIRYMAN: FARIS
sARACEN VANGT]ARD sadpleisu6 {incpon) UK?EFPO
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cl,AsH OFARMOUR - WVll G.a.d kicat mi.b or 20mn
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lN THECL 5!'CATAGE/War+Manycolirl PANZERKAMPFE3 \,lYJ {E'ANbS
ROMAN MILI'IARYEOUIPMENTFROM PUNJCWAXSTO THEFATLOF ROMF souADRoN:Ai. combartur6 fd r/300 w1v[ ai@att
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YARMU(636AD O$rcycampaign EOARDGAMES CtAsH oF ARllrS a 6Mr - lradc ord€6 wdmned

A,\,ATOrY OFERRORT An.iemmilury disn€6 KofrN - Frederick'sFiEi Crefear fj2.9J
IHE NoRi/tANS- s.enaio €tcmodlle rorREVENGE Lqr,,JDs,crPs
wwr ,229
OVERTHEREJCH T32.5A
ENGUSHCML wAR a RENAISSANCE L'ARMEEOUNORD 13250
lNd Un $ Odl L,FF
TArcSCOMMAND
ENGLISH
CIVILWAR:AN UUSTRAIEDMJLITAF/
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FORLORN
HOPE:Amy ltrl ECwtures WARFORIHFUNION E32.50
ENGLTSH
C'ViLWAnFLAGS & CO|OURSI I ENGLTSH
FOOT crTAl\KErroRsvlrf 832.50
MAi(HING THROUGH CEORGIA E22.5A
ENGUSH
CIVIIII/ARRECREAED
JNCOLOURPHOTOS MISSIS'PPIFORTRESS
C-AMPAICNSOFROSERTE.LEE 82.5A
SOLDIFR!
oF IHF ClV,l WARI e ll lospEy EriBj PRELUDETODI5ASIER I2?.5A
OESTRI]CNON JNIHE ENGUSH CIVILWAN SPE€OOFHEAT T32.50
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 53

A'TNOANC'NGA GPEATNEW GAMESSfONEIN YOPK!;HINE. . .

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This month why not come qnd try oul some WW2Squcrd Level V]CTORYGAMES
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RAI PAITIIA
We qre open: t.c.cAtEs GRENADIER
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00 NEXTRECRUITING THEBUIINNC REVELL
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SPORTS
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llailoderkrcgulMiniallres Best
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FRf,NCH lsrffn Napoleonics

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 CLASSIFIED ADS
Ads shouldb€ accompani€dby a chequemadepayable
to Stratagem PublicatioDs Ltd., lt Lovers l,ane,
Newark, Notts. NG24 lIZ, Rate 15pper word. Pt€as€
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FOR SAIE
ADLER & H&R NAPOLEONIC ARMIES. 25mm Indian
Mutiny- 6mn ECW & Marlburian.WANTED:6mm& 15nm
ACW. Any Napoleonic.AWI 25mm. 1:3000WWI Naval.
l:2400 NapoleonicNaval.25nm Franco.Prussian & Boxer
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D,B.A. HELLENISTIC ARMIES. Painled ard unpainted
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124hrs).
I4'\tr 1/300MICROTANKARMY. 270+ piecesplusinfantry,
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15n NAPOLEONICARMIES. All painted and based to
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Total 171foot,48 Horse,3 guns.t150. Russians: 10 Regx 36
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ArmouredForce. l:300. 244 AFVS. 106infanrv souads.all (Ancients.Renaissance. Colonial). If inleresteding 0777
beautifullypainted. basedand numbered.Tanks,half tracks, 860542 for lists.
Bren canie$. With cary case,1155.Tel: 0922-28181 work or trSSEXl5mm ALEXANDRIANDBA ARMY. 28 inf. 12 cav.
0922-54498 evenings& weekends.Ask for Chris, specify f25. EssexBritish in CanadaArmy, 103 inf, 15 €av, f55.
Wargames lllustrated. Foundry25mm RomanLegion,AD43,80 inf,20 cav,2
WELL PAINTED FIGURES. 25mm WargamesFoundry boh-lhrowers,f120. All well painted& vamished.Call Ian
FrancoPrussianWar. l5mrn Medievals.Also wanted25mm 081-595 5770.
JacobiteRebellionfigures.Tel: 0862-893432 (eveningt for 25mmSASSANIDS, painted.140cavalry, 84infantry,baggage,
details. will split.60p infantry, I1l€1.20cavalry. crayde 0407-730201.
25mn WARGAMINCMANUFACTURERS FORSALE.Over 25mm WARGAMES FOUNDRY VIKINGS/NORMANS, well
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E.C.W.,RENAISSANCE. A.C.W.etc.Ring0262,670421. I30. RingChris on 081-8634133 or081,2489418.
40mm ELASTOLINFIGURES:Nornans 9 mounted.t8. PAINTEDruNPAINTED FIGURES, BOOKS & MUCH
Vikings/Saxons - 20 foot, t10. Ronans 28 foot. 4 rnounted. MORtr.For listssendlargeSAE, CrahamHarrison,12Ascott
f15. Landsknechts-30 Road.Aylesbury,BucksHP201HX.
foot. 1 artillerypiece.3 mounted,f25.
BARGAINS: WARGAMtrR SELLING UP. Thousandsof
Tel: 0749-674342 P. Hanbleton.
SUPERBLYPAINTED 25mm INDIAN MUTINY & lsmm unpainted figuresof mostperiods:thousands of paintedfigwes.
NAPOLEONICAUSTRIANSFOR SALE. SAE for detailsto: 25mm, 15mm, 10mm,plus tenain, buildingsetc. All ar silly
prices to clear quickly. SSAE for lists to: D. Justice,3
G. Holmes,39AberdeenRoad,Southampton SO2tLL.
THE 7th SORCERER,fanrasywargamesrules rhat extend 'MILITARY MonmouthClose,Aylesbury,BucksHP193LD.
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Sr.JohnsRoad,Bletchley,Milton Keynes,Bucks.
stanps."Mil", 53 KeepersLane, Weaverham, CheshireCW8
SCI-FI 25nm FIGURES;90mm CollectorsFisuresi Rules:
3BN.
Re.inVehrcle.;Scenic.full l{5 trom N.B.R- b2 Dickens
rsmn DONNINGTONACW ARMIES(Confederate&Union)
Avenue,Corsham.wilts SNl3 OAQ. painted/based
WARGAMER'TIGURtrPAINTERIS REDUCINGHIS COL. to good standard.470figures(cav,inf etc.)for
!340. Phone (051-4271213)weekendsor weekdayevenings
LECTION.Mosrly l5/25mrnAncientto Modern.SomeDBA (0788-579606).
AIRflX _ ACCIJ'RATE- ESCI _ MATCIIBOX _ REVELL _ CORITANI MINIATIIRFS PROFESSIONAL PAINTING
FIGIJRES. 1/72, 1/32, 1t35. Chaffee- Comet tanks, 12.00 +
SERVICEEst. 1987.High quality,lowprices,allscales.Ready
posr.20mmmetalfarm wagon,cart, etc. Visitorsby appoint Daintedunits/DBA'savailable.SendSAE for listsor four first
ment. Sorry no lists. A. Peddle,"Sunnymead",4 Braunton aassstampsfor listsandsampleto: TrevorHolland,6Lumley
Road,Bamstapfe,N. De\on EX3I lJy . Tel. 0211-71757 . Crescent, Skegness, LincsPE252TL.
WELL PAINTED WARGAMES FOUNDRY 25nm INDIAN WINGED HUSSARPAINTING SERVICE. Figurespainted to
MUTINY AI{D AFGHANS,British:156foot, 22cav,2 linbers, collectorsstandard.All periodscovered,especiallyRenaiss-
9crew,3guns,l elephantlinber, 2 elephanttroopcarriersplus
ance.For detailsandsampleplease phone0705-875540
18figs,2cameltnnsportplu6figs,I tigerhunl elephant3 figs,2
THE CALLANT CAvAIItrR PAINTING SDRVICE.Ancients
tigers,l doolieset,5figs,f300ono.Mutinee$:158foot, 18cav,
aspe€iality. to: TheLodge,
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2 limben, 8 crew, 2 mounted,3 gunszamberek,25 assor.ed EatonHill, LudlowRoad,Leominster,HerefordHR6oDG.
casualties,31 assorted civilians,1 maharajah's
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JOHN TAIT: For the perfectfigure. Colour brochurefl 50'
€290ono. Afghans:111toot,24 .a!.3 aannon,l0 assorted ith 15mmsample!2, with 25mmsamplef2.50 50 Colly€r
casualties,!240 ono. 25mmBoer War: 102foot, 32 mounted Avenue,CroydonCRo4Qw.
andbuildings,f200ono.PleasetelephoneBob on 021-704 2232
after6.30pm. ROSS MINIATURES PROFESSIONAL PAINTING SER-
mostevenings
vlCE. 15/25mmfisures from as little as fl 50 15inm
NaDoleonic'availablef?om slock. ftom I-l9 00 All AB'
WANTED Frqures. For detailsandsamplesendIl 00 andS A L to Paul
BOARDGAMES 'FIRE ON TTIE VOLGA' & 'STREETS OF Ross.11AperfieldRoad,BigginHill, KentTN 163LU or Phone
STALINGRAD'by PhoenixGames. Phone: or og'g-5'71484.
0292-289819,
writeto: lan Lawrie,2ThomeyflatRoad,Ayr KA80LU. TRIPLE SIX PROIESSIONAL PAINTING SERVICE. Figures
ANY MIKES MODELS IIGURES FOR THtr SUDAN ERA, painred ro thehrghesl slandard.2l mingexperience
yearswarga
prefened painted. Pleasewrite to: Mr D.P. Crump, 23 l{ith intemational€lientele.SendS.A.E. and€1.00for sample
PrestburyRoad,Loughborough. Leics.,LEl1 0SR. and list to: 30 GlasgowStreet.NorthamptonNN5 5BL Tel:
20mmECW PAINTED METAL OR PLASTIC, i.€. Revell, (0604)583370.
Hinton Hunt, etc. An]thing considered.Also Airfix ECW
designer pleasecontactme.Tel:0942-47380. WARGAMES FTGURES PAINTED
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 trnlteAAlnnatures 26 Bowleas€Cardens,Bessacarr,
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T€l: (0302)530038Mon. to Sat.9am-7Dm

/4USlrl4If -AustianNapol€onicGrenadiers
painied
by0ousMason
lorTheWaeames
HolidavCenire.
fllGH OUALITY25mm FIGURESFOBTHE
WARGAMER AND COLIECTOR
DESIGNED BY PETERMORBEY

:::

H I N C H L I F F2E
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. E N A I S S A NBCAEC C A C T
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U S AA G I N TT: h eC o l o n iC
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AU5TRAIIAN ACTNT:Militaryflobbes 1,1.1 WtstTeiface, Adelaide 5000,5 Ausrra ia Te & Fax:08 2ll 4772
EXPORI POSI& PACKING CHARC E5:Weon v charSe rheactLapost.se,anr monevnorLsedwttibe.redited.
E U R O P E : A d d 3U l]% S AC, A N A D AA,U S T R A L I AA ed
l cd:5 0 %i o iA I R M A I L ,
NAPOLEONIC: FRENCH REVO LUTIO NARYWARS: 5EVEN YTARS WAR:ENCttSH CtVtL\!AR:AMERTCAN WAROFtNDtptNDENCE
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STARITR PAC(SfoTALLTHEACIS LjSIEDAEOVI.l2FtcS& DETA|IED CATALOCUT: 15.00:POSTrRtE.
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PERRYSIMPERIALROMANS:50 Figures
Quality as pictured. $250 post paid (UK only)
SENDSAI FORPRICELIST& ILLUSTR,{TIO\SOF \{Y WORK.DIORANIAS& \'ARGA}IE
TAALESA SPECL{LITY.

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 182 Western Road, Billericay,
EssexCM12 9JD. Tel: 0277 623697
RoMANS
l5mmRtPUBtlCAN painted
Figures by DarrcnR* 0273-301607

RBlI RR7 RR13

RR4 RR5 RR3 RRA RB9 BR6 RBIO

New Release- 15mm Republican Roman & 1smm Carthaginian

(All Pa.ks 41.05 xnless star€d)

fAX& TETTPHONTONDTRS
02ii6?t69i

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+.1t)i! rtr].tt t)o.()rur,R fR]'ts to",j 101 Church Street,
at |L!)L ESPi\'.1Rt E 1l ) Atworth, lltelksham,
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E ]' 1\-I AT L:RES".
Wiltshi.e,
SUPERBSCI-FI MINL{TIIRXS IN 20mm
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sN l2 SJA

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AIV{ERICAI\T

INDIANWA
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DISMOIINTED
WARR ERICANINDIANWARS

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DUsl L eutenant ColonelC€org€ A. Cusrer'flremans'5hin er hat- sranding
firing 25mmFOOT -55peach
DUS2 Captain TomCuster-bucksk ns- crouchins witbcarbine. 25mmHORSTS- 80peach
DUS3 l5tLeutenant W.W.C@ke buckskins& her-standine poinrins.
DUS4.Cudonbearer scnding jlcker sergern!srripes INDIANSHITIDS- 80p(setof 6l
DUSs' S€rceant - si(k ia.kel slanding wrh.rrbine.
DU56t Trooper - buckkins r€achins for ammo. POSIAGE
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DUST!Tr@per' shinsleeves fi.ingpisro. DU59*
DUSSiTr@per' shlnsleeves - kne€ling firi0sGdine.
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HOUNTTD
CAVAIRY
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APl9 Hrlf nrkedkneelng bow
shootinC
AP20 Halfnaked croudrins
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APSI serof5 shi€ds(itibh for iftachmenr
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25mm:Monsols,tandsknechc,vikinqs,SanuEi,G'and
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LoukXIVAhy, 0ltoman
Tu*5,Napoleonic{Egypl&
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20mm:WoFIDWAF Two {ligucsonlyl,
Eighlrr
Amy,AlikaKoOs,llaliaN& 22226 Ltnd
FrcichFo4i9nLeqion,
German Inlanlry{Eu'ope.earlywa4, P6ras,WrJiei
Germa^ T e ri 4 6 1 0 4 6 1 35032

15mm:AseotMa'lborough
{incGrNorthem
wdl& IndiaiMuiny(1857) ,""",", 'qq
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only25thJune,
A'mleySports
Ceni.e,
CrrC'on!,Ledsl2lDoorcop€i10am)

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