PNID
-Basic drawings largely used in oil refining and other process industries.
- term "piping" means not only pipe but fitting, valves, flanges, and other items which from part of the
overall piping system
-Instrumentation is shown by symbols on the flow diagram and piping drawing.
A ciricle or oval figures is used to explain the instrumentation type, function, and identifying number.
The circle is commonly called Balloon or bubble
Instrumentation type
Tag number
Instrument location
PNID most important document frequently used by:
Process operators to familiarize themselves with:
-flow schemes
-process/utility interlock system
-control loop identification
-equipment list
-check binding point locations
-to locate process instrument.
PNID is complex due to frequent advancement of electronics, process computers and instruments which
is adapted in the process industries.
In order to utilize PNIID effectively by operations personnel it is imperative for the operators to
continuously update their knowledge in process instruments based on the modern trend in plant
process design.
Symbols in Pipe flow diagram are divided in 5 categories:
Color Code, Valve, line indicator, Instrument letter, Equipment.
Equipment Categories:
separators, storage vessels, process pressure vessel, material handling equipment, dryers, processing
equipment, size reducing equipment, furnace and boilers, heat transfer, pump and compressor, drivers.
Centrifuge - Particles are separated from a fluid by gravitational forces acting on the particles. solid, gas,
liquid and the fluid was a liquid or gas.
Drum settler - To remove the particles from liquid stream so that the fluid is free of particles
contaminants.
Cyclone - Settling device in which outward force on the particles at high tangential velocities is many
times the force gravity.
Open settling tank - To remove the particles from liquid stream so that the fluid is free of particles
contaminants, Sedimentation.
Electrical Precipitator - to separate solid/ liquid mixture, Sedimentation.
Atmospheric Tank - An atmospheric tank is a container for holding a liquid at atmospheric pressure
Cone Bottom bin (bulk storage) - To gain storage and ease of unloading. Used for liquid, solid, slurry and
silo.
Floating Roof Tank - A storage tank commonly used to store large quantities of petroleum products such
as crude oil or condensate.
Open top Bulk storage (non-pressure) - use for collection system, temporary liquid storage or as
secondary containment for vertical tanks in indoor or outdoor installations.
Pressure Storage - a pressure vessel is a closed container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure
substantially different from the ambient pressure.
Close top bulk storage (non-pressure) - use for collection system, temporary liquid storage or as
secondary containment for vertical tanks in indoor or outdoor installations.
Horizontal drums - as a storage vessel.
handling the material with pressure
jacketed vessel (partial) - as a storage vessel
handling material with high pressure.
Vertical Drums - As a storage vessel
-handling the material with pressure
Packeted plate section columns(tower)- Consist of multi-storage trays in vessel
-process in vessel - Absorption, distillation (separate multi components
Feeder and Hopper - as temporary storage, to transport material from one unit to another, the material
in slurry, liquid, silo, solid (small particles)
Screener - to filter the material according to the screener size, separation process.
Rotary feeder - to discharge and isolate the material, used to packaging according to the volume and
weight. Material in powder, crystals, or pellet, granules.
Mixer - to mix two or more difference component until it reaches homogenous state.
Settler - Use to separate the material from unwanted material. The unwanted material will precipitate
at the bottom of settler.
