Text 1

Eskimo villages today are larger and more complex than the traditional nomadic
groups of Eskimo kinsmen. Village decision-making is organized trough community councils
and co-operative boards of directors, institutions which the Eskimos were encouraged by the
government to adopt. They have been more readily accepted in villages like Fort Chimo
where there is an individualistic wage ethos and where ties of kinship are less important than
in the rural village such as Port Burwell, where communal sharing between kinsmen is more
emphasized. Greater contact with southern Canadians and better educational facilities have
shown Fort Chimo Eskimos that is possible to argue and negotiate with the government rather
than to acquiesce passively in its policies.
The old-age paternalism of southern Canadians over the Eskimos has died more slowly in
the rural villages where Eskimos have been more reluctant to voice their opinions
aggressively. This has been a frustration to government officials trying to develop local
leadership amongst the Eskimos, but a blessing to other departments whose plans have been
accepted without local obstruction. In rural areas the obligation of kinship often ran counter
to the best interest of the village and potential leaders were restrained from making positive
contribution to the village council. More recently, however, the educated Eskimos have been
voicing the interest of those in the rural areas. They are trying to persuade the government to
recognize the right of full-time hunters, by protecting their hunting territories from mining
and oil prospectors, for example. The effort of this active minority is percolating through to
the remoter villages whose inhabitants are becoming increasingly vocal.
Continuing change is inevitable but future development policy in Ungava must recognize
that most Eskimos retain much of their traditional outlook on life. New schemes should focus
on resources that the Eskimos are used to handling, as the Port Burwell projects have done,
rather than on enterprises such as mining where effort is all too easily consigned to an
unskilled labor force. The musk-ox project at Fort Chimo and the tourist lodge at George
River are new direction for future development by there are pitfalls.
Source: danti://uilibrary
1. In paragraph 2, the italicized word “reluctant” most nearly means…
(A) Unwilling
(B) Ready
(C) Available
(D) Hesitate
(E) Unhappy
2. From the text we can infer that an acquaintance with outsiders has taught the Eskimos
that…
(A) They can achieve greater independence
(B) They can stand up for their rights
(C) They can gain by opposing the government
(D) They should not accept anything the government decrees
(E) They are willing to create a new nation
3. What was the attitude of Canadians toward Eskimos in the past?
(A) They were a useful source of unskilled labor
(B) They consider Eskimos as an uncivilized group of people
(C) The Canadians had the responsibility of looking after them for the Eskimo’s own
good
(D) They should be encouraged to carry out useful government projects.
(E) They should be kept under firm government control
4. The Eskimos’ uncritical acceptance of outside has…
(A) Caused considerable annoyance to the government
 (B) Been generally welcome to the officials in charge
(C) Caused difficulties to those trying to encourage responsibility
(D) Caused problems to officials administering these territories
(E) Been accepted by the government
Text 2
Reality television is a genre of television programming which, it is claimed, presents
unscripted dramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and features ordinary
people rather than professional actors. It could be described as a form of artificial or
"heightened" documentary. Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the
early years of television, the current explosion of popularity dates from around 2000.
Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, from game
or quiz shows which resemble the frantic, often demeaning programs produced in Japan in
the 1980s and 1990s (a modern example is Gaki no tsukai), to surveillance- or voyeurism-
focused productions such as Big Brother.
Critics say that the term "reality television" is somewhat of a misnomer and that such
shows frequently portray a modified and highly influenced form of reality, with participants
put in exotic locations or abnormal situations, sometimes coached to act in certain ways by
off-screen handlers, and with events on screen manipulated through editing and other
postproduction techniques.
Part of reality television’s appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in
extraordinary situations. For example, on the ABC show, The Bachelor, an eligible male
dates a dozen women simultaneously, travelling on extraordinary dates to scenic locales.
Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, in
talent and performance programs such as Pop Idol, though frequently Survivor and Big
Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity.
Some commentators have said that the name "reality television" is an inaccurate
description for several styles of program included in the genre. In competition-based
programs such as Big Brother and Survivor, and other special-living-environment shows like
The Real World, the producers design the format of the show and control the day-to-day
activities and the environment, creating a completely fabricated world in which the
competition plays out. Producers specifically select the participants, and use carefully
designed scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to encourage particular behaviors and
conflicts. Mark Burnett, creator of Survivor and other reality shows, has agreed with this
assessment, and avoids the word "reality" to describe his shows; he has said, "I tell good
stories. It really is not reality TV. It really is unscripted drama."
5. The topic of this text is…
(A) Critics on reality television programs
(B) What reality television programs really are
(C) The popularity of reality television programs
(D) Manipulation in reality television programs
(E) The appeal of reality television programs
6. In the first line, the writer says “it is claimed” to show that … in the first sentence.
(A) The writer agrees with the statement
(B) Everyone agrees with the statement
(C) No one agrees with the statement
(D) The writer gives his approval to the statement
(E) The writer somewhat disagrees with the statement
7. The words “heightened documentary” in paragraph 1 means that…
(A) The story in the reality television program is made up
(B) The story in the reality television program is of a real event
 (C) The reality television is able to locate people in an extraordinary situation
(D) The reality television focuses on games and quizzes
(E) The production of the reality television programs is well-managed
8. Which statement is NOT true about Survivor?
(A) It is a popular reality show
(B) Its creator does not think it shows reality
(C) Its participants can become celebrities like those of pop idol.
(D) It involves an important element of competition.
(E) It is considered to be in the same category of shows as The Real World.

Text III
In the 1930s, Chester F. Carlson was working in the patents department of a large
electronics firm in New York City. One of the major problems in his work was the length of
time and expense involved in getting patents copied, patents were lengthy legal documents,
and the only ways to get them copied were to take them to a typist or to take them to a
photographer. Either way of copying patents took a lot of time and cost a lot of money. He
came up with the idea for a machine that would copy documents quickly and efficiently. He
researched the idea in the library and then worked over a three-year period on developing a
machine that used a light, an electro statically charged plate, and powder to duplicate images
on paper. The result of this work was a machine that produced the first xerographic copy on
October 22, 1938. He named the process "Xerox", which means "dry writing". Carlson felt
that he had a good idea, one that would be extremely helpful in the business world. He tried
to sell his idea to a number of large corporations, but they were not terribly interested in his
machine. A few years later he sold the process to a small family-owned company. This small
company grew into the giant Xerox Corporation, and both Carlson and Xerox became rather
wealthy in the process.
9. The text is mainly about…
(A) The life of Chester F. Carlson
(B) Carlson's career in a patents office
(C) The development of the Xerox machine
(D) How the Xerox machine became popular
(E) The effect of the invention of the Xerox machine
10. To get an idea what machine to produce, Carlson went to...
(A) An electronics firm
(B) The library
(C) A man called Xerox
(D) Photographers
(E) Other patents departments
11. Carlson was thinking of a better way to copy patents because…
(A) He found many problems in his office
(B) Typists could never meet deadlines
(C) He worked in a small electronics firm
(D) Producing copies was quite expensive
(E) He liked working on experiments
12. The following are the components Carlson used for his newly-invented machine,
EXCEPT....
(A) Typewriter
(B) Paper
(C) Powders
(D) Electro statically charged plate
 (E) Light
Text IV
Measles, a childhood disease, has caused suffering to mankind for thousands of years.
However, the search for an effective measles vaccine lasted two hundred years and has
finally ended in success. Now, for the first time, measles is a preventable disease. You may
ask, “How is this important to children?”
Every year, measles kills twice as many Americans as polio does. More children die
from measles than from any other common childhood disease. Also complications of some
degree occur in about one child out of six. Most complication include pneumonia and ear
disorders. Another after-effect of measles- brain damage – is less common, but it can have
such serious consequence that it deserves special attention.
Brain damage due to measles sounds like something far away from our experience. In
reality, it is not. Like other injury, damage to the brain can be very slight or very severe. It is
quite possible that we have never seen or heard a child who has severe brain damage – the
child would either have died or would be in an institution. However, in medical research a
relation has been found between measles and such things as behavior problems, personality
changes and dulling of metal ability. For example, a child may be bad-tempered or a little
slow to learn after he has recovered from measles.
13. The main information of the text is that…
(A) Measles has been a disease for thousands of years.
(B) After 200 years of research, an effective measles vaccine was found.
(C) Measles is a serious disease greatly neglected in the past
(D) A lot of research was done on the complications of measles.
(E) Measles may have bad effects on children who get the disease
14. Which of the following is NOT an after effect of measles?
(A) Polio
(B) Personality changes
(C) Slow learning
(D) Ear disorders
(E) Pneumonia
15. One of the important findings of the research on measles is that ...
(A) Children who have got measles may become difficult to handle because of their
behavior.
(B) In reality, there are no measles patients who get brain damage.
(C) Personality changes already occur at the time a child has measles.
(D) Measles can cause children to become physically handicapped.
(E) Measles is the first killer of childhood disease in the world.