CHEM 113
Performance Task – Finals
Instruction:
Give 5 examples each of Organic acids, Esters, Amines, Amides and Alkaloids. Write their name (common or
IUPAC), structure, and use/uses. Present your answer in table form.
ORGANIC ACIDS
Structure IUPAC Name/Other Name Uses/Importance
“Uric Acid” is a normal waste
product that's made when the body
breaks down chemicals called
7,9-Dihydro-1H-purine- purines. It's fundamental roles in
2,6,8(3H)-trione tissue healing via initiating the
inflammatory process that is
necessary for tissue repair,
scavenging oxygen free radicals,
C5H4N4O3 and mobilizing progenitor
endothelial cells.
In food, "Malic Acid" was first
isolated from apple juice by Carl
Wilhelm Scheele in 1785. It is used
as a flavor enhancer in food
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid preparation for confectionaries,
beverages, fruit preparations and
preserves, desserts, and bakery
products. In manufacturing, malic
C4H6O5 acid is used to adjust the acidity of
cosmetics.
“Tartaric Acid”, occurs naturally
in many fruits. It is often used as
an acidulant in grape- and lime-
flavored beverages. It plays an
2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid important role chemically,
lowering the pH of fermenting
"must" to a level where many
undesirable spoilage bacteria
C4H6O6 cannot live, and acting as a
preservative after fermentation.
“Ethanedioic Acid” it is found in
many plants, including leafy
greens, vegetables, fruits, cocoa,
nuts, and seeds. It is widely used as
Oxalic Acid an acid rinse in laundries, where it
is effective in removing rust and
ink stains because it converts most
insoluble iron compounds into a
C2H2O4 soluble complex ion.
“Lactic Acid” is mainly produced
in muscle cells and red blood cells.
It forms when the body breaks
down carbohydrates to use for
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid energy when oxygen levels are low
like during intense exercise. It is
also used in tanning leather and
C3H6O3 dyeing wool, flavoring agent, food
preservatives and as a raw material.
ESTERS
Structure IUPAC Name/Other Name Uses/Importance
The ester formed by the
condensation of benzoic acid and
ethanol. It is used as a perfume
scent. It acts as a food flavoring
Ethyl benzoate agent and an active component of
artificial fruit flavors. Furthermore,
it is used in cosmetics and personal
C9H10O2 care products as fragrance
ingredients and preservatives.
“Nitrate Ester” is a vasodilator, a
medicine that opens blood vessels
to improve blood flow. It is used to
treat chest pain or pressure, that
Nitrate Ester happens when there is not enough
blood flowing to the heart. It is
also, a powerful explosive and used
with nitrocellulose in some
RONO2 propellants.
“Ethyl Formate” is often used as a
flavoring agent in artificial
alcoholic beverages. It is used
industrially as a solvent and as a
fungicide and larvicide in
Ethyl methanoate processed foods such as dried fruits
and cereals. Furthermore, it has a
C3H6O2 role as a fumigant and a plant
metabolite.
“Butyl Acetate” is often used as a
high-boiling solvent of moderate
polarity and used as a synthetic
fruit flavoring in foods such as
Butyl ethanoate candy, ice cream, cheeses, and
baked goods. Also, used in
photographic film, nail polish
C6H12O2 removers, lacquers, perfumes, oils,
and resins.
“Phosphate Esters” are the most
widely used insecticides today.
They are used in agriculture, the
Organophosphate home, gardens, and veterinary
practice. Organophosphate
insecticides (such as diazinon) are
one type of pesticide that works by
O=P(OR)3 damaging an enzyme in the body
called acetylcholinesterase
AMINES
Structure IUPAC Name/Other Name Uses/Importance
"CP, CPM" was patented in 1948
and came into medical use in 1949.
It is an antihistamine used to
relieve symptoms of allergy, hay
fever, and the common cold like
Chlorpheniramine
the medicine. It's known as a
drowsy (sedating) antihistamine.
This means that it is likely to make
CH3SH you feel sleepier than some other
antihistamines.
“Dopamine” is a neuromodulatory
molecule that plays several
important roles in cells and a type
of neurotransmitter. Your body
makes it, and your nervous system
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
uses it to send messages between
nerve cells. That's why it's
sometimes called a chemical
C8H11NO2 messenger. Dopamine plays a role
in how we feel pleasure.
Is the simplest of the
“Methylamines” important
compounds, which can be utilized
in a variety of applications
including agricultural chemicals,
paint industries, water treatment
chemicals, as well as,
Methylamine pharmaceuticals and corrosion
inhibitors. In regulation in the U.S,
methylamine is controlled as a List
1 precursor chemical by the Drug
CH5N Enforcement Administration due to
its use in the illicit production of
methamphetamine.
"Trimethylamine" is initially
generated by gut bacteria as a by-
product of the metabolism of
dietary nutrients such as choline. It
is widely used in industry: it is
N,N-Dimethylmethanamine used in the synthesis of choline,
tetramethylammonium hydroxide,
plant growth regulators or
herbicides, strongly basic anion
N(CH3)3 exchange resins, dye leveling
agents, and a number of basic dyes.
"Dimethylamine" is a secondary
amine used as dehairing agent in
tanning, in dyes, in rubber
accelerators, in soaps and cleaning
N-Methylmethanamine compounds and as an agricultural
fungicide. It can be found in
mostly cleansers and hair products
(CH3)2NH like shampoo & conditioner.
AMIDES
Structure IUPAC Name/Other Name Uses/Importance
"Acetamide" is a colorless,
crystalline (sand-like) material. It
is used in lacquers, explosives, and
Ethanamide soldering flux, and as a stabilizer,
plasticizer and solvent.
Furthermore, it plays a high role in
medicine used to treat glaucoma,
CH3CONH2 oedema and a treatment of epilepsy
in combination w/ other medicines.
Systematic IUPAC name
"Benzenecarboxamide" is used in
different kinds of pharmacological
Benzamide drug production like antimicrobial,
analgesic, anti- inflammatory,
anticancer, cardiovascular, and
C6H5C(O)NH2 other biological problems.
" n-Butylamide " is the amide of
butyric acid. This compound
belongs to the class of organic
compounds known as fatty amides.
Used for (Technical Effect) as a
Butyramide flavoring agent or adjuvant. Also,
used in the synthesis of
hydroxamic acids for producton of
insecticides, antifungal agents,
antimicrobials, siderophores and
C4H9NO plant growth regulators.
“Propionic amide” is an organic
compound of the amide group that
can react in many different organic
Propanamide processes to form other useful
compounds for synthesis. It has a
potential application in enzymatic
synthesis of hydroxamic acids
which is use in the field of cancer
C3H7NO therapy.
“Dimethylformamide” is used in
the production of acrylic fibers and
plastics. It is also used as a solvent
in peptide coupling for
N,N-Dimethylformamide pharmaceuticals, in the
development and production of
pesticides, and in the manufacture
(CH3)2NC(O)H of adhesives, synthetic leathers,
fibers, films, and surface coatings.
ALKALOIDS
Structure IUPAC Name Uses/Importance
"Morphine" is a pain medication
of the opiate family that is found
naturally in a dark brown, resinous
(4R,4aR,7S,7aR,12bS)-3-methyl- form, from the poppy plant
2,4,4a,7,7a,13-hexahydro-1H- (Papaver somniferum). An
4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2- analgesic drug, also called simply
e]isoquinoline-7,9-diol an analgesic, pain reliever, or
painkiller, is any member of the
group of drugs used to achieve
relief from pain which is used in
C17H19NO3
surgery, acute and chronic pain.
"Mescaline" It is a psychedelic
hallucinogen used by Native
Americans for thousands of years
in religious ceremonies. Obtained
from the small, spineless cactus
3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine Peyote (Lophophora williamsi).
Now used primarily as a
recreational drug and supplement
to various types of meditation and
C11H17NO3 psychedelic therapy.
"Theophylline" is a
phosphodiesterase inhibiting drug
used in therapy for respiratory
1,3-dimethylxanthine diseases such as chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and asthma under a
C7H8N4O2 variety of brand names. It relaxes
and opens air passages in the lungs,
making it easier to breathe. Like
“Seretide 250 Diskus” which I am
using as my maintenance.
"Yohimbine” is a helpful drug for
promoted for erectile dysfunction,
athletic performance, weight loss,
angina (chest pain caused by not
enough blood flow to the heart),
17α-hydroxyyohimban-16α- high blood pressure, diabetic
carboxylic acid methyl ester neuropathy, and more. Although
plays role in the medicinal
industry, it shouldn't be used
without medical supervision
because it has been linked to severe
C21H26N2O3 side effects including irregular
heartbeat and heart attack.
"Cocaine" is a powerful addictive
stimulant drug made from the
methyl (1R,2R,3S,5S)-3- leaves of the coca plant native to
(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8- South America. Although health
azabicyclo[3.2.1] octane-2- care providers can use it for valid
carboxylate medical purposes, such as local
anesthesia for some surgeries,
recreational cocaine use is illegal.
C17H21NO4
Bonus Question: In 5 sentences, write what you have learned in this course, Organic Chemistry
At first, I was a bit anxious about this course. Some articles I read say this will be an enigmatic
subject to pass and, the passing rate is below average. Well, continuously learning Organic chemistry
opened a new world to me. Organic chemistry helped me better understand our world and the
importance of the things that we are using every day.
I learned a lot of things like the effects and side effects of the medicines that we usually take.
Also, compounds that can are found in the products that we are using every day and the uses of different
organic compounds that we are using to preserve our food and the nutrients that we in-take in every
meal we eat. Sometimes it sparks my curiosity looking at the labels of the products that I usually buy.
This course made me more health conscious and, I feel good about it. Taking care of my health is
important for my self-esteem and self-image. Chemistry is a way to help us manage our environment
promoting human and environmental health.
