State: KERALA

Agriculture Contingency Plan for District: THIRUVANANTHAPURAM

1.0 District Agriculture profile

1.1 Agro-Climatic/Ecological Zone

Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR) Central and south Sahyadris, hot moist, subhumid to humid eco-subregion (19.2)
Konkan, Karnataka and Kerala Coastal plain, hot humid to perhumid eco-subregion (19.3)
Agro-Climatic Region (Planning West Coast Plains And Ghat Region(XII)
Commission)
Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) Southern Zone (KE-2)
List all the districts or part thereof falling Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Pathanamthitta, Kottayam
under the NARP Zone
Geographic coordinates of district Latitude Longitude Altitude
8° 29' N 76° 59’ E 800m

Name and address of the concerned ZRS/ RARS (Southern Zone), Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 522
ZARS/ RARS/ RRS/ RRTTS
Mention the KVK located in the district KVK, Mithranikethan, Vellanad P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 543

1.2 Rainfall Normal Normal Normal Onset Normal Cessation

RF(mm) Rainy ( specify week and month) (specify week and month)
days
(number)
SW monsoon (June-September): 806.8 45 June 1st wk September 1st wk

NE Monsoon(October-December): 559.1 26 October 2nd wk November 3rd wk

Winter (January- February) 120.2 10

Summer (March-May) 193.4 16
Annual 1679.5 97
1.3 Land use Geographical Forest area Land under Permanent Cultivable Land under Barren and Current Other
pattern of the area non- pastures wasteland Misc. tree uncultivable fallows fallows
district (latest agricultural use crops and land
statistics) groves

Area (000’ ha) 218.7 49.0 24.4 Nil 0.5 0.1 0.3 2.5 0.3

1. 4 Major Soils (common names like shallow Area (‘000 ha) Percent (%) of total
red soils etc.,)
Sandy soils 8.5 3.8

Sandy loam soils 2.4 1.1

Gravelly sandy loam soils 11.1 5.1

Sandy clay loam soils 9.9 4.5

Gravelly sandy clay loam soils 155.9 71.3

Loamy soils 4.3 2.0

Clay loam soils 8.6 4.0

Gravelly clay loam soils 12.0 5.5

Beach sand soils 2.5 1.1

Water body 3.2 1.4

Total 218.6 100

2
1.5 Agricultural land use Area (‘000 ha) Cropping intensity %
Net sown area 135
Area sown more than once 28 120.7
Gross cropped area 163

1.6 Irrigation Area (‘000 ha)

Net irrigated area 8.2
Gross irrigated area 13.7
Rainfed area 126.8
Sources of Irrigation Number Area (‘000 ha) Percentage of total irrigated area
Canals 4.6 56.1
Tanks 1206 0.4 4.9
Open wells - 2.9 35.4
Bore wells 85 0.02 0.2
Lift irrigation - - -
Micro-irrigation - -
Other sources - - -
Total Irrigated Area 8.2
Groundwater availability and use* (Data No. of blocks/ (%) Area
source: State/Central Ground water Tehsils
Department /Board)
Over exploited Nil
Critical Nil
Semi- critical Nil
Safe All Blocks 100%
Wastewater availability and use NA
Ground water quality Good
*over-exploited: groundwater utilization > 100%; critical: 90-100%; semi-critical: 70-90%; safe: <70%

3
1.7 Area under major field crops & horticulture etc. (2008-09)

1.7 Major Field Crops cultivated

Area (‘000 ha)
Kharif Rabi Summer Total
Irrigated Rainfed Irrigated Rainfed
Tapioca - 5.2 - 5.4 9.6 20.3
Rice 1.3 0.1 1.5 0.02 0.1 2.9
Other Tubers(Annual crop) 1.2 0.3 - - - 1.5
Pulses - 0.002 - 0.002 0.2 0.2

Horticulture crops - Fruits Total area

Banana & Plantain 8.3
Jack 5.4
Mango 3.6
Papaya 1.3
Pineapple 0.3
Horticultural crops - Vegetables Total area
Amaranthus 0.2
Cucumber 0.2
Snake gourd 0.1
Bitter gourd 0.1
Ladies finger (okra) 0.1
Medicinal and Aromatic crops Total area
Pepper 5.7
Ginger 0.1
Nutmeg 0.1
Clove 0.04
Other medicinal plants 0.01

4
 Plantation crops Total area
Coconut 71.7
Rubber 30.0
Cashew 1.0
Arecanut 1.0
Tea 1.0
Fodder crops Total area
Hybrid Napier -
Guinea grass -
Congo signal -
Fodder maize -
Total fodder crop area 0.1
Grazing land -
Sericulture etc -
Others (Specify) -

1.8 Livestock Male (Number) Female (Number) Total (Number)

Non descriptive Cattle (local low yielding) 552 3,338 3,890

Crossbred cattle 6,854 1,36,228 1,43,082
Non descriptive Buffaloes (local low yielding) 563 2,707 3,270
Graded Buffaloes 38,425 1,07,876 1,46,301
Goat 148 145 293
Sheep 846 1,044 1,890
1.9 Poultry No. of farms Total No. of birds (‘000)
Commercial
Backyard 1097.07

5
1.11 Production and Productivity of major crops (Average of last 5 years: 2004, 05, 06, 07, 08)

1.11 Name of crop Kharif Rabi Summer Total Crop residue as

fodder (‘000 tons)
Production Productivity Production Productivity Production Productivity Production Productivity
('000 t) (kg/ha) ('000 t) (kg/ha) ('000 t) (kg/ha) ('000 t) (kg/ha)
Major Field crops (Crops to be identified based on total acreage)

Tapioca Crop of 10 months duration 525.9 25921 Nil

Rice 3.4 2488 3.6 2359 0.3 2638 7.3 2429 7.3

Other Tubers Crops of 10-11 months duration 25.4 16869 Nil

Pulses 0.001 719 0.001 719 0.1 720 0.1 419 0.3

Major Horticultural crops (Crops to be identified based on total acreage)

Banana Crops of 10-11 months duration 18.8 7000 13.4
Plantain Crop of 10-18 months duration 43.3 7680 27.5
Jack Perennial crop 260.0 47800 15.0
Mango Perennial crop 23.4 6490 Nil
Papaya Perennial crop 7.7 5800 Nil

Pine apple Biennial crop 2.1 6626 Nil

1.12 Sowing window for 5 major

field crops
Tapioca Rice Tubers Pulses
(start and end of normal
sowing period)
Kharif- Rainfed April 1st wk to May 2nd wk April 1st wk to June 3rd wk February 3rd wk to June 3rd wk April 2nd wk to May 2nd wk
Kharif-Irrigated April 1st wk to May 2nd wk May 3rd wk to June last wk August 3rd wk to October 2nd No irrigated crop
wk
Rabi- Rainfed September 1st wk to October August last wk to No Rabi planting August 2nd wk to October 1st wk
2nd wk September 3rd wk
Rabi-Irrigated September 1st wk to October September 1st wk to October No Rabi planting No irrigated crop
2nd wk 2nd wk

6
1.13 What is the major contingency the
district is prone to? (Tick mark and
mention years if known during the last 10 Regular Occasional None
year period)
Drought √

Flood
√
Cyclone √

Hail storm √

Heat wave √

Cold wave √

Frost √

Sea water intrusion

√
Pests and diseases (specify) √

Others √
Attack of wild animals on crops raised near
forest area

1.14 Include Digital maps of Location map of district within State as Annexure I Enclosed:Yes
the district for
Mean annual rainfall as Annexure 2 Enclosed: Yes
Soil map as Annexure 3 Enclosed: No

7
Annexure 1: Location map of TIRUVANANTHAPURAM

8
 Rainfall (mm)

0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500

1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
Annual rainfall

Years 1989
1990
1991
1992
Annexure 2: Annual Rainfall

1993
1994
1995
1996
Normal rainfall

1997
1998
Anual rainfall at Vellayani from 1968 to 2009

1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
9
2.0 Strategies for weather related contingencies

2.1 Drought

2.1.1 Rainfed situation

Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Early season Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping system Change in Agronomic measures Remarks on
drought situation crop/cropping Implementa
(delayed onset) system tion
Delay by 2 Kazhakkuttam series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / Not required Rice NREGS,
weeks Coarse loamy, mixed Banana Drought • Direct seeding RKVY,
June 3rd week isohyperthermic Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses tolerant table • Prefer short duration, drought tolerant BRGF
(Kazhakkuttam Banana + Vegetables in low lands purpose varieties
Block) Homestead cultivation plantain variety • In transplanted crop prepare mat nursery and
Njalipoovan • Adopt community nursery
may be used for • Rainwater harvesting in farm tanks or ponds
intercropping • Adopt Summer ploughing for moisture
Amaravila series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / - conservation
Fine mixed Banana / Pepper Coconut based cropping system
(Perumkadavila Banana + Vegetables in low lands • Husk burial in trenches to conserve moisture
Block)
• Application of bulky organic manures like
Homestead cultivation
farm yard manure, green leaf manure etc.
Rice-Rice-Vegetable/ Pulses
• Deepening of trenches in the inter row spaces
Rubber
to conserve moisture
Vellayani series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / - Micro
• Recharging of open wells and other ground
Clayey kaolinitic Banana irrigation
water resources by rain water harvesting
isohyperthermic Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses schemes by
(Nemom Block) Banana + Vegetables in low lands • Mulching with dried coconut leaves and other the State
Tapioca available crop residues, dust mulching etc. department
Homestead cultivation
Tubers
• Adjust planting time of Tubers in order to

10
Trivandrum series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / - avoid drought during crop period.
clayey- skelal, Banana Banana
kaolinitic, Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses • Protecting pseudo stems of standing crop with
isohyperthermic Banana + Vegetables in low lands the hanging dry leaves
(Kazhakkuttam Homestead cultivation • Application of bulky organic manures
Block) • Deepening of trenches in low lands for rain
water harvesting
• Mulching

Vegetables
Nedumangadu series, Rubber - • Direct seeding of for the first crop Micro
clayey – skela, mixed Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / • Sprinkler/drip Irrigation irrigation
isohyperthermic. Banana / Pepper • Sufficient mulching scheme,
(Nedumangadu Banana + Vegetables in low lands • Organic Manuring RKVY ,
Block) Homestead cultivation NREGS
Homesteads
Kallar series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / - • Recycle used water,
Clayey, mixed, Banana / Pepper • Mulching
isohyperthermic Rubber
(Vamanapuram Banana + Vegetables in low lands
Block) Homestead cultivation
Ponmudi series Tea -
Fine loamy, mixed, Homestead cultivation
isohperthermic Tapioca/ other Tubers / Banana /
(Vamanapuram Pepper
Block)
Kottur series Coconut/ Tapioca/ other Tubers / -
Gravelly sandy clay- Banana / Pepper
forest Rubber
(Nedumangadu Homestead cultivation
Block)
Thonnackal series Coconut - Micro
Gravelly sandy loam Tapioca/ other Tubers / irrigation
forest Banana/Vegetables / Pepper scheme,
(Thiruvananthapuram Homestead cultivation, RKVY ,
Block) Rubber NREGS

11
 Vilappil series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / -
Fine loamy mixed Banana
isohyperthermic Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses
Banana + Vegetables in low lands
Homestead cultivation

Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Early season Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping system Change in Agronomic measures Remarks on
drought situation crop/cropping Implementat
(delayed onset) system ion
Delay by 4 Kazhakkuttam series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / No Change Rice NREGS,
weeks Coarse loamy, mixed Banana • Wet seeding of sprouted seeds of short RKVY,
July 1st week isohyperthermic Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses duration drought tolerant varieties BRGF
(Kazhakkuttam Banana + Vegetables in low lands Resort to seed hardening with KCl
Block) Homestead cultivation • In transplanted crop prepare mat nursery
and adopt community nursery
Amaravila series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / • Adopt closer spacing and increase the -
Fine mixed Banana / Pepper number of seedlings to 3-5 per hill
(Perumkadavila Banana + Vegetables in low lands and apply addition dose of N @ 5
Block) Homestead cultivation Kg/ha
Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses • Apply silica
Rubber Coconut based cropping system
Vellayani series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / • Raise leguminous cover crops Micro
Clayey kaolinitic Banana • Production and application of vermin irrigation
isohyperthermic Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses compost scheme,
(Nemom Block) Banana + Vegetables in low lands • Application of bulky organic manures like RKVY ,
Tapioca farm yard manure, green leaf manure etc.
Homestead cultivation NREGS
• Deepening of trenches in the inter row
spaces to conserve moisture
• Mulching with dried coconut leaves and
other available crop residues, dust mulching
etc.

12
Trivandrum series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / Tubers
clayey- skelal, Banana • Adjust planting time of Tubers in order to
kaolinitic, Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses avoid drought during crop period.
isohyperthermic Banana + Vegetables in low lands
(Kazhakkuttam Homestead cultivation Banana
Block) • Deepening of trenches in low lands for rain
water harvesting
Nedumangadu series, Rubber
clayey – skela, mixed Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / • Life saving irrigation
isohyperthermic. Banana / Pepper • Drip irrigation
Banana + Vegetables in low lands • Mulching
(Nedumangadu Homestead cultivation
Block) Vegetables
Regular weeding, Renovation of irrigation
Kallar series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers /
channels in time. Heavy mulching, organic
Clayey, mixed, Banana / Pepper
isohyperthermic Rubber manuring, drip irrigation/pitcher irrigation,
rainwater conservation measures,
(Vamanapuram Banana + Vegetables in low lands
Block) Homestead cultivation
Homesteads
Ponmudi series Tea • Growing crops along contour strips.
Fine loamy, mixed, Homestead cultivation • Convert cultivated area into leveled
isohperthermic Tapioca/ other Tubers / Banana / plots/contour strips Adopt single crop
(Vamanapuram Pepper medium / long duration high yielding
Block) varieties.

Kottur series Coconut/ Tapioca/ other Tubers /

Gravelly sandy clay- Banana / Pepper
forest Rubber
(Nedumangadu
Block) Homestead cultivation
Thonnackal series Coconut
Gravelly sandy loam Tapioca/ other Tubers /
forest Banana/Vegetables / Pepper
(Thiruvananthapuram Homestead cultivation
Block) Rubber

13
 Vilappil series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers /
Fine loamy mixed Banana
isohyperthermic Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses
Banana + Vegetables in low lands
Homestead cultivation

Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Early season Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping system Change in Agronomic measures Remarks on
drought situation crop/cropping Implementation
(delayed onset) system
Delay by 6 Kazhakkuttam series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / No Change Rice NREGS,
weeks Coarse loamy, mixed Banana • Prefer short duration, drought tolerant RKVY, BRGF
July 3rd week isohyperthermic varieties
(Kazhakkuttam Block) Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses • Resort to seed hardening with KCl.
• In transplanted crop prepare mat
Banana + Vegetables in low lands nursery and adopt community nursery
• Adopt closer spacing and increase the
Homestead cultivation number of seedlings to 3-5 per hill
and apply addition dose of N @ 5
Amaravila series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / Kg/ha
Fine mixed Banana / Pepper • Apply silica
(Perumkadavila • Spray K/ KCl to mitigate drought.
Block) Banana + Vegetables in low lands • Irrigate at 1-4 days after
disappearance of ponded water
Homestead cultivation • Life saving irrigation at critical stages
like flowering, PI and Grain filling.
Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses • Retain the available paddy fields
under Rice cultivation.
Rubber

14
Vellayani series Coconut + Tapioca/ other tubers / Coconut based cropping system
Clayey kaolinitic Banana
isohyperthermic • Adopt Micro irrigation like drip for main
(Nemom Block) Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses crop and intercropped Banana
• Husk burial in trenches to conserve
Banana + Vegetables in low lands moisture
• Application of bulky organic manures
Tapioca like farm yard manure, green leaf
manure etc.
Homestead cultivation • Deepening of trenches in the inter row
spaces to conserve moisture
• Mulching with dried coconut leaves and
Trivandrum series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / other available crop residues, dust
clayey- skelal, Banana mulching etc.
kaolinitic,
• Raise leguminous cover crops
isohyperthermic Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses
(Kazhakkuttam Block)
Tubers
Banana + Vegetables in low lands • Production of more drought tolerant
planting materials by mini sett technique
Homestead cultivation • Adjust planting time of Tubers in order
to avoid drought during crop period
Nedumangadu series, Rubber critical crop stages
clayey – skela, mixed
isohyperthermic. Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / Banana
Banana / Pepper • Life saving irrigation
(Nedumangadu Block) • Drip irrigation
Banana + Vegetables in low lands • Maximum conservation of water by
mulching with organic residues
Homestead cultivation
Vegetables

15
Kallar series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / Use short duration varieties & resort to
Clayey, mixed, Banana / Pepper direct sowing. Strengthen rain water
isohyperthermic harvesting facilities. Use drought tolerant
(Vamanapuram Rubber varieties, resort to lesser spacing, Irrigate
Block) at least once in 2 days
Banana + Vegetables in low lands Give heavy mulching, organic manuring,
Reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, drip
Homestead cultivation irrigation /pitcher irrigation, Rainwater
conservation measures, Renovation of
irrigation channels in time.
Ponmudi series Tea Homesteads
Fine loamy, mixed, • Rain water harvesting by soak pits
isohperthermic Homestead cultivation • Roof water harvesting & recharging
(Vamanapuram Tpioca/ other Tubers / Banana / open wells for irrigation.
Block) • Grow cover crops
Pepper
.
Kottur series Coconut/ Tapioca/ other Tubers /
Gravelly sandy clay- Banana / Pepper
forest
(Nedumangadu Block) Rubber
Homestead cultivation

Thonnackal series Coconut

Gravelly sandy loam
forest Tapioca/ other Tubers /
(Thiruvananthapuram Banana/Vegetables / Pepper
Block)
Homestead cultivation
Rubber

Vilappil series Coconut + Tapioca/ other ubers /

Fine loamy mixed Banana
isohyperthermic
Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses

Banana + Vegetables in low lands

Homestead cultivation

16
Condition Suggested Contingency measures
Early Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping system Change in Agronomic measures Remarks on
season situation crop/cropping Implementation
drought system
(delayed
onset)
Delay by 8 Kazhakkuttam Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / No Change Rice NREGS,
Weeks series Banana • Apply silica RKVY, BRGF
Coarse loamy, • Spray K/KCl to mitigate drought.
August 1st mixed Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses • Rainwater harvesting in farm tanks or ponds
week isohyperthermic • Irrigate at 1-4 days after disappearance of ponded
(Kazhakkuttam Banana + Vegetables in low lands water
Block) • Life saving irrigation at critical stages like
Homestead cultivation flowering, PI and Grain filling.
• Retain the available paddy fields under Rice
Amaravila series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / cultivation.
Fine mixed Banana / Pepper
(Perumkadavila Coconut based cropping system
Block) Banana + Vegetables in low lands • Mulching with dried coconut leaves and other Husk
burial in trenches to conserve moisture
Homestead cultivation • Adopt Micro irrigation like drip for main crop and
intercropped Banana
Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses • Application of bulky organic manures like farm yard
manure, green leaf manure etc.
Rubber • Deepening of trenches in the inter row spaces to
conserve moisture
Vellayani series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / No Change • Recharging of open wells and other ground water
Clayey kaolinitic Banana resources by rain water harvesting
isohyperthermic • available crop residues, dust mulching etc.
(Nemom Block) Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses • Raise leguminous cover crops

Banana + Vegetables in low lands Tubers

• Selection of tuber crops which can tolerate droughts
Tapioca • Adjust planting time of Tubers in order to avoid
drought during crop period.
Homestead cultivation Banana
• Life saving irrigation

17
Trivandrum Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / • Drip irrigation
series clayey- Banana • Mulching Protecting pseudo stems of standing crop
skelal, kaolinitic, with the hanging dry leaves
isohyperthermic Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses • Application of bulky organic manures
(Kazhakkuttam • Deepening of trenches in low lands for rain water
Block) Banana + Vegetables in low lands harvesting

Homestead cultivation Vegetables

Give very heavy mulching. Only organic manuring,
Nedumangadu Rubber drip irrigation / pitcher irrigation follow rainwater Various schemes
series, clayey – conservation measures, renovation of irrigation implemented by
skela, mixed Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / channels in time. Keep the field weed free. Timely rubber board
isohyperthermic. repairing and renovation of irrigation channels,
Banana / Pepper
measures like surface storing of ground water, husk
(Nedumangadu burial, life saving irrigation, reclining of used water.
Banana + Vegetables in low lands Minimize chemical fertilizers.
Block)
Homestead cultivation Homesteads
• Subsidiary income generation through dairying,
Kallar series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / No Change mushroom cultivation, bee keeping, sericulture etc.
Clayey, mixed, Banana / Pepper Rubber
isohyperthermic • Terracing
(Vamanapuram Rubber • Digging slit pits
Block) • Cover cropping using Pueraria area /Mucuna
Banana + Vegetables in low lands mixture
• Giving tapping rest for four weeks from December
Homestead cultivation to February
Protect young plants
• By shading with plated coconut leaves of bamboo
Ponmudi series Tea baskets
Fine loamy,
• Whitewashing stem using lime/china clay till
mixed, Homestead cultivation canopy closes
isohperthermic Tpioca/ other Tubers / Banana / • Mulching around plant based using dry leaves,
(Vamanapuram
Pepper grass cuttings etc.
Block)

18
Kottur series Coconut/ Tapioca/ other Tubers / • Mulching after manuring before onset of summer
Gravelly sandy Banana / Pepper Cashew
clay- forest • Liberal addition of organic manure
(Nedumangadu Rubber • Protective irrigation during peak summer (drip
Block) irrigation)
Homestead cultivation • Mulching the basins with green/dry leaves
• Forming terrace at 2 m at radius around the plant
Thonnackal Coconut at the base within three years of planting by
series cutting the soil from upper portion of the slope and
Gravelly sandy Tapioca/ other Tubers / filling the lower portion so that the soil around the
loam forest Banana/Vegetables / Pepper plant is flatted.
(Thiruvananthapu
Homestead cultivation • Husk burial in trenches of 1 m width 0.5 m depth
ram Block)
Rubber and 3.5 m length opened across the slope between
2 rows o f cashew
• Digging the basin area or ploughing the ground
between two rows of cashew before summer
Vilappil series Coconut + Tapioca/ other ubers /
Fine loamy • In level area coconut has burial in circular trenches
Banana 0.3 m width and 0.5 m depth opened at 2 m away
mixed
isohyperthermic from the trunk of the plant
Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses Arecanut
• Protect young seedlings from direct exposure to
Banana + Vegetables in low lands sun by covering with coconut/Arecanut leaves
• Whitewashing the stem
Homestead cultivation • Cover the exposed trunk with dry areca leaves or
opaque polythene film
• Raising quick growing trees on the western or
southern sites of the garden
Tea
New planning
• Use drought resistant/grafted/biclonal progenies
• Early planning before the onset of south-west
monsoon
• Follow trench planting
• Avoid close planting (spacing 135 x75x75 cm
• Use China type (more tolerant to drought)
• Make trenches across the slope 180x30x45)
staggered every 2-3 rows depending on the slope

19
 • Foliar application of a suspension of 12 Kg kaolin
in combination with vinofan at 3.30 mn in hundred
liters of water
• Provide shade by Silver oak (Grevillea robusta)
Mature Plants
• Manuring should be completed by the end of
October.
• Heavy dose/haphazard application should be
avoided
• Hard plucking/shear harvesting should be avoided
• Addition of one tier of maintenance foliage every
year between January and March
• Follow the recommended duration of pruning
cycle
• Retain the pruning materials by chopping and
spreading in the soil
Foliar application of KCl (MoP combined with urea 2
Kg each + 500 ml Green Miraculan in 200 litres of
water per hectare to induce drought tolerance.
Commence from mid November and repeat at monthly
intervals

Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Early season Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping system Crop management Soil nutrient and Remarks on
drought situation moisture Implementation
(normal onset) conservation
measures
Normal onset Kazhakkuttam series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / Rice Application of P &
followed by 15 – Coarse loamy, mixed Banana • Delay seeding 3 – 4 weeks K as basal, Reduce
20 days dry isohyperthermic • Irrigate 1 - 4 days after nitrogen dose
spell after (Kazhakkuttam Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses appearance of pounded water Apply organic
sowing leading Block) manures.
• If transplanting is delayed,
to poor Banana + Vegetables in low lands adopt closer spacing, increase
germination/ the number of seedlings to 3-5
crop stand etc Homestead cultivation per hill and apply additional
dose of N @ 5kg/ha

20
Amaravila series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / • In direct seeding/upland Rice,
Fine mixed Banana / Pepper adopt seed hardening
(Perumkadavila technique.
Block) Banana + Vegetables • In the direct seeding/upland
area, midterm correction i.e.
Homestead cultivation reduce plant population and
use the weed biomass (through
Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses land weeder) for mulching and
moisture conservation.
Rubber • Give phasic stress/life saving
irrigations from available
Vellayani series Coconut + Tapioca/ other tubers / irrigation sources
Clayey kaolinitic Banana • Supply N & K fertilizers
isohyperthermic through foliar application
(Nemom Block) Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses • Resowing with shorter duration
varieties
Banana + Vegetables in low lands • Husk burial in trenches to
conserve moisture
Tapioca • Application of bulky organic
manures like farm yard
Homestead cultivation manure, green leaf manure etc.
• Deepening of trenches in the
Trivandrum series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / inter row spaces
clayey- skelal, Banana
kaolinitic, Coconut based cropping
isohyperthermic system
Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses Continue irrigation in Coconut
(Kazhakkuttam
Block) gardens.
Banana + Vegetables in low lands
Open basins of Palms and mulch
Homestead cultivation with organic matter / green

21
Nedumangadu series, Rubber leaves or Coconut leaves
clayey – skela, mixed
isohyperthermic. Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / Adopt moisture conservation
Banana / Pepper measures to prevent loss of
(Nedumangadu available moisture
Block) Banana + Vegetables in low lands
Tubers
Homestead cultivation Adopt measures to protect the
plants from direct sunlight

Kallar series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers / Mulching

Clayey, mixed, Banana / Pepper
isohyperthermic Banana
(Vamanapuram Rubber Continue irrigation for Banana
Block) and other intercrops
Banana + Vegetables in low lands
Vegetables
Homestead cultivation Continue irrigation

Give mulching to conserve

Ponmudi series Tea moisture available
Fine loamy, mixed,
isohperthermic Homestead cultivation
(Vamanapuram Tapioca/ other Tubers / Banana /
Block)
Pepper

Kottur series Coconut/ Tapioca/ other Tubers /

Gravelly sandy clay- Banana / Pepper
forest
(Nedumangadu Rubber
Block)
Homestead cultivation

22
 Thonnackal series Coconut
Gravelly sandy loam
forest Tapioca/ other Tubers /
(Thiruvananthapuram Banana/Vegetables / Pepper
Block)
Homestead cultivation
Rubber

Vilappil series Coconut + Tapioca/ other ubers /

Fine loamy mixed Banana
isohyperthermic
Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses

Banana + Vegetables in low lands

Homestead cultivation

Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Mid season drought Major Normal Crop/cropping Crop management Soil nutrient and Remarks on
(Long dry spell, Farming system moisture conservation Implementation
consecutive two weeks situation measures
rainless(<2.5 mm )
period
At vegetative stage Kazhakkuttam Coconut + Tapioca/ other Rice • Application of NPK as
series Tubers / Banana • Suppress weed growth basal to reduce
Coarse loamy, • Make shelter belts Nitrogen lose
mixed Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ • Spraying potassium chloride • Application of bulky
isohyperthermic • Thinning of 30-50 % of organic manures
Pulses
(Kazhakkuttam population • Rainwater harvesting
Block) • Anti transpirant spray • Intermittent flooding
Banana + Vegetables in low
lands • Irrigate at 1-4 days after maintaining the soil in
disappearance of ponded water sub-saturated condition
Homestead cultivation • In situ rainwater conservation Alternate drying and
Coconut based cropping system wetting

23
Amaravila Coconut + Tapioca/ other Establish leguminous cover crops
series Tubers / Banana / Pepper Shading young plants
Fine mixed Painting the trunk white.
(Perumkadavila Banana + Vegetables in low Anti transpirant spray
Block) Zero tillage, Mulching,
lands
Sub surface storing of ground
water,
Homestead cultivation
Drip irrigation, terracing, husk
burial, leaf cutting
Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Tubers
Pulses Production of buffer stock planting
materials by mini sett technique
Rubber Life saving irrigation
Vellayani series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Mulching with available oraganic
Clayey tubers / Banana matter
kaolinitic Banana
isohyperthermic Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Life saving irrigation
(Nemom Block) Irrigation coinciding with the time
Pulses of application of fertilizers
Construction of rain water
Banana + Vegetables in low harvesting structures in the field
lands Application of bulky organic
manures
Tapioca Deepening of trenches in low lands
for rain water harvesting
Homestead cultivation Vegetables
Trivandrum Coconut + Tapioca/ other Life saving irrigation
series clayey- Roof water harvesting & recharging
Tubers / Banana
skelal, open wells for irrigation.
kaolinitic, Grow cover crops
Rice – Rice- Vegetable/
isohyperthermic Recharging of open wells and ponds
Pulses
(Kazhakkuttam
Block) Improved techniques like precision
Banana + Vegetables in low farming
lands
Popularization of drip irrigation.
Homestead cultivation

24
Nedumangadu Rubber
series, clayey –
skela, mixed Coconut + Tapioca/ other
isohyperthermic Tubers / Banana / Pepper
.
Banana + Vegetables in low
(Nedumangadu
lands
Block)
Homestead cultivation
Kallar series Coconut + Tapioca/ other
Clayey, mixed, Tubers / Banana / Pepper
isohyperthermic
(Vamanapuram Rubber
Block)
Banana + Vegetables in low
lands

Homestead cultivation
Ponmudi series Tea
Fine loamy,
mixed, Homestead cultivation
isohperthermic Tapioca/ other Tubers /
(Vamanapuram
Banana / Pepper
Block)
Kottur series Coconut/ Tapioca/ other
Gravelly sandy Tubers / Banana / Pepper
clay- forest
(Nedumangadu Rubber
Block)
Homestead cultivation

25
 Thonnackal Coconut
series
Gravelly sandy Tapioca/ other Tubers /
loam forest Banana/Vegetables / Pepper
(Thiruvanantha
Homestead cultivation
puram Block)
Rubber

Vilappil series Coconut + Tapioca/ other

Fine loamy tubers / Banana
mixed
isohyperthermic Rice – Rice- Vegetable/
Pulses

Banana + Vegetables in low

lands

Homestead cultivation

Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Mid season Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping Crop management Soil nutrient and Remarks on
drought (long situation system moisture conservation Implementation
dry spell ) measures
At flowering / Kazhakkuttam series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Rice
fruiting stage Coarse loamy, mixed Tubers / Banana Make shelter belts
isohyperthermic
(Kazhakkuttam Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses Spraying potassium chloride
Block) Anti transpirant
Banana + Vegetables in low spray
lands
Irrigate at 1-4 days after disappearance
of ponded water
Homestead cultivation

26
Amaravila series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Give phasic stress/life saving
Fine mixed Tubers / Banana / Pepper irrigations from available irrigation
(Perumkadavila sources
Block) Banana + Vegetables in low
Coconut gardens
lands
Mulching with dried coconut leaves and
other Husk burial in trenches to
Homestead cultivation
conserve moisture
Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses Adopt Micro irrigation like drip for
main crop and intercropped Banana, Coconut
Rubber green leaf manure etc. Application of bulky
Vellayani series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Deepening of trenches in the inter row organic manures like
Clayey kaolinitic Tubers / Banana spaces to conserve moisture farm yard manure
isohyperthermic
(Nemom Block) Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses Banana
Irrigation is very important during the
Banana + Vegetables in low 5th month of the plant as development
of bunch starts during this month
lands
Covering of bunches to protect from
Tapioca
direct sun
Homestead cultivation Vegetables
Trivandrum series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Irrigation is very much important for
clayey- skelal, Tubers / Banana proper fertilization and fruit
kaolinitic, development. Immediate measures
isohyperthermic Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses should be taken to provide irrigation
(Kazhakkuttam otherwise a long dry spell during this Banana
Block) Banana + Vegetables in low stage may result in crop failure Apply the last dose of
lands fertilizer followed by
irrigation
Homestead cultivation

27
Nedumangadu series, Rubber
clayey – skela, mixed
isohyperthermic. Coconut + Tapioca/ other
Tubers / Banana / Pepper
(Nedumangadu
Block) Banana + Vegetables in low
lands

Homestead cultivation
Kallar series Coconut + Tapioca/ other
Clayey, mixed, Tubers / Banana / Pepper
isohyperthermic
(Vamanapuram Rubber
Block)
Banana + Vegetables in low
lands

Homestead cultivation
Ponmudi series Tea
Fine loamy, mixed,
isohperthermic Homestead cultivation
(Vamanapuram Tapioca/ other Tubers /
Block)
Banana / Pepper

Kottur series Coconut/ Tapioca/ other

Gravelly sandy clay- Tubers / Banana / Pepper
forest
(Nedumangadu Rubber
Block)
Homestead cultivation

28
 Thonnackal series Coconut
Gravelly sandy loam
forest Tapioca/ other Tubers /
(Thiruvananthapuram Banana/Vegetables / Pepper
Block)
Homestead cultivation
Rubber

Vilappil series Coconut + Tapioca/ other

Fine loamy mixed Tubers / Banana
isohyperthermic
Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses

Banana + Vegetables in low

lands

Homestead cultivation

Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Terminal Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping system Crop management Rabi crop planning Remarks on
drought situation Implementation
Kazhakkuttam series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers • Life saving irrigation - -
Coarse loamy, mixed / Banana • Harvest the crop at
isohyperthermic Physiological maturity
(Kazhakkuttam Block) Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses • In severe situations convert
to fodder purpose
Banana + Vegetables in low • Shading of crops
lands • Mulching
• Shelter belts
Homestead cultivation • Establishment of cover
crops

29
Amaravila series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers • Water storing pits in the - -
Fine mixed / Banana / Pepper field
(Perumkadavila Block) • Husk burial
Banana + Vegetables in low • Contour terracing
lands

Homestead cultivation

Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses

Rubber
Vellayani series Coconut + Tapioca/ other ubers / - -
Clayey kaolinitic Banana
isohyperthermic
(Nemom Block) Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses

Banana + Vegetables in low

lands

Tapioca

Homestead cultivation
Trivandrum series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers - -
clayey- skelal, / Banana
kaolinitic,
isohyperthermic Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses
(Kazhakkuttam Block)
Banana + Vegetables in low
lands

Homestead cultivation

30
Nedumangadu series, Rubber - -
clayey – skela, mixed
isohyperthermic. Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers
/ Banana / Pepper
(Nedumangadu Block)
Banana + Vegetables in low
lands

Homestead cultivation
Kallar series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers - -
Clayey, mixed, / Banana / Pepper
isohyperthermic
(Vamanapuram Block) Rubber

Banana + Vegetables in low

lands

Homestead cultivation
Ponmudi series Tea
Fine loamy, mixed,
isohperthermic Homestead cultivation
(Vamanapuram Block) Tapioca/ other Tubers / Banana /
Pepper

Kottur series Coconut/ Tapioca/ other Tubers /

Gravelly sandy clay- Banana / Pepper
forest
(Nedumangadu Block) Rubber

Homestead cultivation

31
 Thonnackal series Coconut
Gravelly sandy loam
forest Tapioca/ other Tubers /
(Thiruvananthapuram Banana/Vegetables / Pepper
Block)
Homestead cultivation
Rubber

Vilappil series Coconut + Tapioca/ other Tubers

Fine loamy mixed / Banana
isohyperthermic
Rice – Rice- Vegetable/ Pulses

Banana + Vegetables in low

lands

Homestead cultivation

2.1.2 Irrigated situation

Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping system Change in crop/cropping Agronomic measures Remarks on
situation system Implementation
Delayed release of Amaravila series Rice based The third crop of Rice can be Direct seeding, Dapog RKVY
water in canals due Kazhakkuttam ,, Coconut based skipped and Pulses can be nurseries. SHM
to low rainfall Vellayani ,, Banana based cultivated utilizing available and short duration
Trivandrum ,, water varieties in case third
Nedumangadu ,, Tubers crop of Rice
Kallar ,, Vegetables Alternative irrigation
Ponmudi ,, Homesteads methods in case of
Kottur ,, Plantations Banana and Vegetables
Thonnackal ,,
Vilappil ,,

32
Condition Suggested Contingency measures
Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping system Change in crop/cropping Agronomic measures Remarks on
situation system Implementation
Limited release of Amaravila series Rice based Not required More concentration NREGS, RKVY
water in canals due Kazhakkuttam ,, Coconut based should be given to
to low rainfall Vellayani ,, Banana based conserve the available
Trivandrum ,, water.
Nedumangadu ,, Tubers Mulching
Kallar ,, Vegetables Shelter beds
Ponmudi ,, Homesteads Selection of more
Kottur ,, Plantaions tolerant varieties
Thonnackal ,,
Vilappil ,,

Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping Change in crop/cropping system Agronomic measures Remarks on
situation system Implementation
Non release of Amaravila series Rice based Rice single crop Recharging of wells and NREGS
water in canals Kazhakkuttam ,, Coconut based ponds, rainwater RKVY
under delayed Vellayani ,, Banana based harvesting, direct SHM
onset of monsoon Trivandrum ,, sowing, conservation of
in catchment Nedumangadu ,, Tubers available water
Kallar ,, Vegetables
Ponmudi ,, Homesteads
Kottur ,, Plantaions
Thonnackal ,,
Vilappil ,,

33
 Condition Suggested Contingency measures
Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping Change in crop/cropping system Agronomic measures Remarks on
situation system Implementation
Lack of inflows Amaravila series Rice based Not required Conservation of NREGS
into tanks due to Kazhakkuttam ,, Coconut based available water
insufficient Vellayani ,, Banana based Filling of tanks with
/delayed onset of Trivandrum ,, rainwater during season
monsoon Nedumangadu ,, Tubers
Kallar ,, Vegetables
Ponmudi ,, Homesteads
Kottur ,, Plantations
Thonnackal ,,
Vilappil ,,

Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping Change in crop/cropping Agronomic measures Remarks on
situation system system Implementation
Insufficient Amaravila series Rice based Not required Contour terracing NREGS
groundwater Kazhakkuttam ,, Coconut based Bunding, rainwater harvesting
recharge due to Vellayani ,, Banana based pits, small check dams,
low rainfall Trivandrum ,, growing more vegetative
Nedumangadu ,, Tubers cover over ground
Kallar ,, Vegetables
Ponmudi ,, Homesteads
Kottur ,, Plantations
Thonnackal ,,
Vilappil ,,
2.2 Unusual rains (untimely, unseasonal etc) (for both rainfed and irrigated situations)

Outbreak of pests
and diseases due
Vegetative stage Flowering stage Crop maturity stage
to unseasonal
rains
Harvest the crop at
Cultivation of resistant varieties, Application of bio-control agents, Use of disease free seeds, Proper seed physiological maturity.
Rice
treatment, Balanced application of fertilizers, Phyto-sanitation.

34
Horticulture
Coffee Remove dead leaves and twigs which harbor the resting stage of the fungus, Provide proper drainage and spray 1 % BM before the onset of
monsoon, Prune the affected branches and protect the new shoots and berry stalks with 0.5% Bordeaux Mixture, Proper shade regulation to
avoid sun scalding.

Pepper Remove and burn all infected plant debris and dead vines along with root system to reduce the build up of the inoculum in the field. Prune the
runner shoots or tie back to vines before the onset of monsoon. Prune off the leaves and shoots of vines to a height of 2 feet from the soil.
Application of bio-control agents.
Banana Remove and destroy severely infected and completely dried leaves, Use disease free healthy planting material. Avoid any sort of root injury
through intercultural operations or by nematode infestation, Provide better drainage. Remove the pseudostem of plants from the field
immediately after harvest as a prophylactic measure to avoid the spread of pseudostem weevil.
Arecanut Grow cover crops in the garden and apply in situ. Avoid water stagnation in the garden by providing drainage facilities. Prophylactic spray of
1% Bordeaux mixture with stickers once before the onset of south west monsoon followed by second and third applications at 40-45 days
interval. Collect and destroy all fallen and infected nuts.
Rubber Spray 1 % Boradeaux mixture as a prophylactic measure against abnormal leaf fall of rubber. While tapping during rainy season care should be
taken to see that the latex in tapping panel is dried in between alternate tapping. This will help to prevent panel dryness.

Condition Suggested contingency measure

Continuous high rainfall in a short Vegetative stage Flowering Crop maturity stage Post harvest
span leading to water logging stage
Rice Improve drainage facility Improve drainage facility, Cultivation of Improve storage
varieties having seed dormancy, facility/ godowns
Harvest the crop at physiological maturity.

Horticulture
Coconut Improve drainage facility, Cover crops, Strip cropping with fodder grasses, Collection and -do-
Pepper conservation of rainwater

Banana
Arecanut
Heavy rainfall with high speed
winds in a short span

35
Rice Shelter belts, alley cropping, Improve drainage facility -do-
Horticulture
Coconut Propping of Banana plants, Improve drainage facility, shelter belts -do-
Pepper
Banana
Arecanut
Outbreak of pests and diseases due
to unseasonal rains
Rice Cultivation of resistant varieties, Application of bio- Harvest the crop at physiological maturity. Building storage
control agents, Use of disease free seeds, Proper seed yards in the fields
treatment, Balanced application of fertilizers, Phyto-
sanitation. Planting plants belonging to compositae
family will help to increase the population of natural
enemies
Horticulture
Remove and burn all infected plant debris and dead vines along with root system to reduce the build
up of the inoculum in the field. Prune the runner shoots or tie back to vines before the onset of
Pepper
monsoon. Prune off the leaves and shoots of vines to a height of 2 feet from the soil. Application of
bio-control agents. -do-
Remove and destroy severely infected and completely dried leaves, Use disease free healthy planting -do-
Banana material. Avoid any sort of root injury through intercultural operations or by nematode infestation,
Provide better drainage,
Grow cover crops in the garden and apply in situ. Avoid water stagnation in the garden by providing -do-
drainage facilities. Prophylactic spray of 1% Bordeaux mixture with stickers once before the onset of
Arecanut
south west monsoon followed by second and third applications at 40-45 days interval. Collect and
destroy all fallen and infected nuts.

36
2.3 Floods

Condition Suggested contingency measure

Transient water logging/ partial Seedling / nursery stage Vegetative stage Reproductive stage At harvest
inundation
Rice Buffer stock of seeds, Improving drainage, using Crop insurance, Building storage yards and
Preparation of mat nursery, varieties tolerant to lodging Improving drainage, using structures in the fields
Direct sowing, using short varieties tolerant to
duration varieties lodging
Horticulture
Coconut
Pepper Widening of natural canals, Cleaning of drainage channels at proper intervals, deepening of ponds and other natural reservoirs,
construction of water harvesting pits in big plantations, improving the green surface cover by planting more cover crops, contour
Banana terracing, planting of fodder crops on the bunds to provide protection from surface run off and soil erosion. Small check dams
Vegetables will act as a temporary storing structure which reduces chances of flash floods.
Continuous submergence
for more than 2 days
Rice Buffer stock of seeds, flood tolerant varieties, improving drainage facilities
Horticulture
Coconut
Pepper Crop insurance, widening of natural canals, cleaning of drainage channels at proper intervals, deepening of ponds and other
natural reservoirs, construction of water harvesting pits in big plantations, improving the green surface cover by planting more
Banana cover crops, contour terracing, planting of fodder crops on the bunds to provide protection from surface run off and soil erosion.
Vegetables Small check dams will act as a temporary storing structure which reduces chances of flash floods
Sea water intrusion
Rice Improving drainage facilities, Flood and salinity tolerant varieties in prone areas
2.4 Extreme events: Heat wave / Cold wave/Frost/ Hailstorm /Cyclone

Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Heat wave NA
Cold wave NA
Frost NA
Hailstorm NA
Cyclone NA

37
2.5 Contingent strategies for Livestock, Poultry & Fisheries

2.5.1 Livestock

Suggested contingency measures

Before the event During the event After the event

Drought
Feed and Fodder can be converted to silage, hay & straw. Focus on efficient utilization of existing feed resources. Irrigated fodder production to be
fodder Bailing technologies to be adopted for proper Partially damaged grains not used for human encouraged for getting enough
conservation of fodder. Proper storage of consumption can be used to feed animals but ensure that fodder.
concentrate feeds. it is not of substandard quality. Use of preserved and Establishment of feed and fodder
stored silage, hay & straw. banks.
Feeding Provide mineral mixture to overcome loss of Feed only for body maintenance and minimum Feed to attain full level of growth
practices reproductive efficiency. Supply feed high in energy production. and production.
and protein.
Drinking Rain water harvesting should be encouraged. Stored water can be used and prefer cold water for Rain water harvesting should be
water drinking. done. Construction of water troughs
to store water.
Management Proper construction or renovation of shed for more Keep animals in clean and ventilated sheds; avoid direct Renovation of shed
practices ventilation. Planting trees near shed sunlight falling on them, less hours of grazing, feed
during early morning and late evening.
Health and Vaccination of animals as per schedule Any mortality due to starvation /opportunistic diseases Improve the health status of animal
disease should be managed effectively with veterinary aid. by proper feeding, adopt regular de
management Periodic health check up in camps should be practiced. worming to improve feed intake;
vaccination to be done as per
scheduled.
Floods
Feed and Storage of concentrate feeds and conserved fodder Ensure minimal exposure of feed to moisture. Green Dry feed and fodder in sunlight.
fodder in air tight containers to avoid fungal attack. fodder must be made available from near by areas not
affected.
Feeding Provide balanced feed to animals. Feed with high quality feed. Ensure that feed is free of Include feed additives and mineral
practices fungal toxins. mixture in the feed.

Drinking Storage of safe and clean drinking water. Provide wholesome water for drinking. Available water Adopt measures to store clean
water may be chlorinated if possible. water.

38
Management Construction of flood resistant indigenous sheds. Keep animals in clean sheds; Keep the shed clean and Strengthening of the shed from
practices Transfer the animals to upland areas. well ventilated. If needed transfer the animals to upland future disaster.
places which are not affected with flood. Temporary
shelter system must be provided at village level. Let
loose the animals than tying them to save their lives.
Health and District administration should procure and store Timely intervention of veterinary aid in case of disease Analyze the health status of animals
disease sufficient medicines to take care of livestock. outbreak. Sanitation of temporary sheds by organising health camps and
management Vaccinate the animals as per schedule. Keep the carry out prophylactic vaccinations
animals insured. against contagious diseases in the
area. Prompt disposal of carcasses
to prevent epidemics. Deworm with
broad spectrum anthelmintics to
regain health.
Cyclone
Feed and Storage of sufficient quantity of feed and fodder. Use the conserved fodder. Procure and supply fodder Assess the availability of feed and
fodder Identify the availability of dry and green fodder in from near by villages. fodder stocks in the affected area
the nearby villages so as to make arrangements to and plan for procuring feed and
procure and supply to the affected areas if needed. green/dry fodder from the
neighboring areas.
Drinking Storage of sufficient quantity of feed and fodder. Use the conserved fodder. Procure and supply fodder Construction of water trough to
water Identify the availability of dry and green fodder in from near by villages. store water.
the nearby villages so as to make arrangements to
procure and supply to the affected areas if needed.
Management Safe storage of drinking water. Provide clean wholesome stored water for drinking Strengthening of the shed from
practices future calamity. Advise the farmers
on the spread of diseases through
possible media.
Watch the cyclone movement and alert the farmers. Keep the shed clean and well ventilated. Livestock and Organise health camps, carry out
fodder loss must be assessed and veterinary relief prophylactic vaccinations against
Health and operations must be adopted. contagious diseases in the area.
disease Prompt disposal of carcasses to
management prevent epidemics.

39
2.5.2. Poultry
Suggested contingency measures
Before the event During the event After the event
Drought
Store all available feed and feed Provide kitchen waste and Vegetable
Storage of feed ingredients Cultivation of maize and other feed ingredients
ingredients for future use waste to the birds.
Storage of clean drinking water in
Drinking water Provide clean cold wholesome water Construction of troughs to store water
tanks.
Balanced feed and medicated water
Deworming and Vaccination of birds should be provided. Veterinary aid
Proper feeding to improve health. Provide clean
Health and disease management as per scheduled. Construct clean, should be provided in case of a
coops for shelter.
well ventilated Coops. disease outbreak. Minimize the
possibilities of stress.
Floods
Provide balanced feed. Ensure
Storing of feed and ingredients in air
Storage of feed ingredients minimal exposure of feed to Feed must be dried in sunlight.
tight rooms to avoid fungal attack
moisture.
Storage of clean and safe drinking
Drinking water Provide wholesome/medicated water Construction of tanks to store water
water
Construction of elevated Let loose the birds than tieng them
Conduct preventive vaccinations against
coops.Vaccination of birds against to save their lives.Timely
Health and disease management contagious diseases. Prompt disposal of carcasses
contagious diseases. If required intervention of veterinary aid in case
to prevent epidemics.
transfer the birds to safe places of disease outbreak
Cyclone

Storage of feed ingredients Storing of feed and ingredients Provide feed and clean water Cultivation of maize and other fodder

Drinking water Safe storage of drinking water Provide clean and wholesome water Construction of troughs to store water
Immediately after the cyclone hits,
Procure and store sufficient
veterinary authorities should visit Prompt disposal of carcasses to prevent
Health and disease management medicines to take care of the poultry.
the affected areas and provide epidemics.
Vaccination of birds as per scheduled
necessary treatment
2.5.3 Fisheries: Not Applicable

40