CK-12 Physics Concepts - Intermediate

Answer Key

Chapter 14: Geometric Optics

14.1 Images in a Plane Mirror

Review

Questions

1. A virtual image is one:

a. toward which light rays converge but do not pass through.
b. from which light rays diverge but do not pass through.
c. from which light rays diverge as they pass through.
d. toward which light rays converge and pass through.
e. with a ray normal to a mirror passing through.
2. An object is 2.0 m in front of a plane mirror. Its image is:
a. virtual, inverted, and 2.0 m behind the mirror.
b. virtual, inverted, and 2.0 m in front of the mirror.
c. virtual, erect, and 2.0 m in front of the mirror.
d. real, erect, and 2.0 m behind the mirror.
e. virtual, erect, and 2.0 m behind the mirror.
3. If the angle of incidence for an object and a plane mirror is 30°, what is the angle
between the object and its image?
a. 30°
b. 60°
c. 90°
d. 120°
e. 180°
4. If the angle of a car’s windshield is 45° to vertical, what position of the sun is most
likely to reflect into oncoming driver’s eyes?
a. Low in the sky behind the oncoming driver’s car
b. Low in the sky opposite the oncoming driver’s car
c. Directly overhead
5. A 50. cm tall object is 3.0 m from a plane mirror.
a. How tall will the image be?
b. How far from the mirror will the image be?
c. Will the image be real or virtual?
d. Will the image be upright or inverted?
6. Which statement is true about the image produced by a plane mirror?
a. It appears to be located on the same side of the mirror as the object.
b. It appears to be larger than the object.
c. It appears to be inverted relative to the object.
d. It appears to be reversed left and right.

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7. A light ray strikes a plane mirror at an angle of 80° to the normal. What is the angle
that the reflected ray makes with the surface of the mirror?
8. A laser beam strikes a plane mirror with an angle of incidence of 38°. What is the
angle between the incident beam and the reflected beam?

Answers

1. a.
2. e.
3. d.
4. c.
5. a. 50 cm. b. 3.0 m c. Virtual. d. Upright.
6. d.
7. The reflected angle will also be 80 to the normal, so the reflected ray will have a 10
angle with the mirror.
8. The angle between the incident beam and the reflected beam is twice the angle of
incidence, or 76.

14.2 Images in a Concave Mirror

Review

Questions

1. A concave mirror is designed so that a person 20.0 cm in front of the mirror sees an
upright image magnified by a factor of two. What is the radius of curvature of this
mirror?
2. If you have a concave mirror whose focal length is 100.0 cm, and you want an
image that is upright and 10.0 times as tall as the object, where should you place
the object?
3. A concave mirror has a radius of curvature of 20.0 cm. Locate the image for an
object distance of 40.0 cm. Indicate whether the image is real or virtual, enlarged or
diminished, and upright or inverted.
4. A dentist uses a concave mirror to examine a tooth that is 1.00 cm in front of the
mirror. The image of the tooth forms 10.0 cm behind the mirror.
a. What is the mirror’s radius of curvature?
b. What is the magnification of the image?
5. When a man stands 1.52 m in front of a shaving mirror, the image produced is
inverted and has an image distance of 18.0 cm. How close to the mirror must the
man place his face if he wants an upright image with a magnification of 2.0?

Answers

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 1. The image is 2X as tall as the actual person, so the image would appear 2X as
1 1 1 1
far away, or 40.0 cm. The focal length may be found using 𝑑 + 𝑑 = 𝑓 ∶ 20 +
𝑜 𝑖
1 1 3 1
=𝑓 ∶ = 𝑓 ∶ 3𝑓 = 40, 𝑠𝑜 the focal length is 13.33 cm. The radius of
40 40
curvature is 26.67cm (2X the focal length).
1 𝑑𝑜 −𝑓 1 𝑑𝑜 −100.0𝑐𝑚
2. Use 10 = ∶ 10 = ∶ 10.0𝑐𝑚 = 𝑑𝑜 − 100.0𝑐𝑚 ∶ Place the object
𝑓 100.0𝑐𝑚
9.09 cm from the mirror.

3. The radius of curvature is 20.0cm, so the focal length is 10cm.

1 1 1 1 1 4 1 4 1
Using + = ∶ + = ∶ = − ∶ 3𝑑𝑖 = 40𝑐𝑚. The image
𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑖 𝑓 40𝑐𝑚 𝑑𝑖 40𝑐𝑚 𝑑𝑖 40𝑐𝑚 40𝑐𝑚
is 13.33 cm from the mirror. It will be inverted, real, and diminished.
4.
1 1 1 1 1 −10
a. Using 𝑑 + 𝑑 = 𝑓 , calculate the focal length: 𝑓 = 10.0𝑐𝑚 + 10.00𝑐𝑚 ∶ −9𝑓 =
𝑜 𝑖
10𝑐𝑚 ∶ 𝑓 = −1.1𝑐𝑚. The radius of curvature is 2f = -2.2 cm.
b. The image is magnified 10 times.
5. The man must place his face 5.33 cm from the mirror.

14.3 Images in a Convex Mirror

Video follow-up questions and answers:

1. Images in a convex mirror are always upright and always diminished.

2. The image in a convex mirror will always be on the opposite side of the mirror
from the object.

Review

Questions

1. Find the image distance of an object placed 5.00 cm in front of a convex mirror
whose focal length is 8.00 cm.
2. Find the image distance of an object placed 3.00 cm in front of a convex mirror
whose focal length is 8.00 cm.
3. A 4.0 cm tall light bulb is placed a distance 35.5 cm from a convex mirror with a
focal length of -12.2 cm.
a. Find the image distance.
b. Find the image size.

Answers
1 1 1 1 1 1
1. To calculate the image distance, use: 𝑑 + 𝑑 = 𝑓 ∶ + 𝑑 = 8.00 𝑐𝑚
𝑜 𝑖 5.00 𝑐𝑚 𝑖

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 1 1 1 1 5 8 1 3
= 8.00 𝑐𝑚 − 5.00 𝑐𝑚 ∶ = 40𝑐𝑚 − 40𝑐𝑚 ∶ = − 40𝑐𝑚 ∶ 40𝑐𝑚 = −3𝑑𝑖 . The image
𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖
distance is -13.33 cm.
1 1 1 1 1 1
2. To calculate the image distance, use: 𝑑 + 𝑑 = 𝑓 ∶ + 𝑑 = 8.00 𝑐𝑚
𝑜 𝑖 3.00 𝑐𝑚 𝑖
1 1 1 1 3 8 1 5
= 8.00 𝑐𝑚 − 3.00 𝑐𝑚 ∶ = 24.00 𝑐𝑚 − 24.00 𝑐𝑚 ∶ = − 24𝑐𝑚 ∶ 24𝑐𝑚 = −5𝑑𝑖 . The
𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖
image distance is -4.8 cm.
1 1 1 1 1 1
3. To calculate the image distance, use: 𝑑 + 𝑑 = 𝑓 ∶ + 𝑑 = −12.2 𝑐𝑚
𝑜 𝑖 35.5 𝑐𝑚 𝑖
1 1 1 1 35.5 −12..2 1 47.7
= −12.2 𝑐𝑚 − 35.5 𝑐𝑚 ∶ = 433.1 𝑐𝑚 − 433.1 𝑐𝑚 ∶ = − 433.1𝑐𝑚 ∶ 433.1𝑐𝑚 =
𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖
−47.7𝑑𝑖 .
a. The image distance is -9.1 cm.
−9.1
b. The image magnification is 35.5 = −.256. The image size is 4.0cm*.744 =
2.98cm

14.4 Images in Double Convex Lenses

Review

Questions

1. An object is placed to the left of a 25 cm focal length convex lens so that its image
is the same size as the object. Determine the object and image locations.
2. A lens is needed to create an inverted image twice as large as the object when the
1
object is 5.00 cm in front of the lens. What focal length lens is needed? Hint: 𝑑 +
𝑖
1 1
=𝑓
𝑑𝑜
3. If you have a convex lens whose focal length is 10.0 cm, where would you place an
object in order to produce an image that is virtual?
4. Describe how a convex lens could be used to make a magnifying lens.
5. Determine the image distance and image height for a 5.00 cm tall object placed
45.0 cm from a double convex lens have a focal length of 15.0 cm.
6. Determine the image distance and image height for a 5.00 cm tall object placed
30.0 cm from a double convex lens have a focal length of 15.0 cm.
7. Determine the image distance and image height for a 5.00 cm tall object placed
20.0 cm from a double convex lens have a focal length of 15.0 cm.
8. Determine the image distance and image height for a 5.00 cm tall object placed
10.0 cm from a double convex lens have a focal length of 15.0 cm.

Answers

1. The object and image are each 50 cm from the lens on opposite sides. Since
the object is placed to the left, the image is on the right.

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 1 1 1 3 1
2. The focal length of the lens must be 10𝑐𝑚 + 5𝑐𝑚 = 𝑓 ∶ 10𝑐𝑚 = 𝑓 ∶ 3𝑓 = 10𝑐𝑚 ∶ f = 3.33
cm.
3. To have a virtual image, the object must be between the lens and the focal point.
Therefore, the object must be less than 10.0 cm from the lens.
4. A convex lens increases the size of the image if the object is inside 2F. However,
the image will be inverted if the object is between F and 2F. Therefore, a convex
lens will make a good magnifying lens if the objects being observed are
inside the focal point.
1 1 1 1 2
5. First identify the image distance: 𝑑 + 45𝑐𝑚 = 15𝑐𝑚 ∶ 𝑑 = 45𝑐𝑚 ∶ 𝒅𝒊 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟓𝒄𝒎. Then
𝑖 𝑖
ℎ 𝑑 ℎ𝑖
use the image distance in the magnification equation: 𝑚 ∶ ℎ 𝑖 = − 𝑑 𝑖 ∶ =
𝑜 𝑜 5𝑐𝑚
22.5𝑐𝑚 112.50𝑐𝑚
− 45𝑐𝑚 ∶ − 45 = 𝒉𝒊 ∶ −𝟐. 𝟓𝒄𝒎. (The image height is negative because it is
inverted.) The inverted image is 2.5 cm tall and 22.5 cm away from the lens.
1 1 1 1 1
6. First identify the image distance: 𝑑 + 30𝑐𝑚 = 15𝑐𝑚 ∶ 𝑑 = 30𝑐𝑚 ∶ 𝒅𝒊 = 𝟑𝟎𝒄𝒎. Then use
𝑖 𝑖
ℎ 𝑑 ℎ𝑖 30𝑐𝑚
the image distance in the magnification equation: 𝑚 ∶ ℎ 𝑖 = − 𝑑 𝑖 ∶ = − 30𝑐𝑚 ∶
𝑜 𝑜 5𝑐𝑚
150𝑐𝑚
− 30 = 𝒉𝒊 ∶ −𝟓𝒄𝒎. (The image height is negative because it is inverted.) The
inverted image is 5.00 cm tall and 30.0 cm away from the lens.
1 1 1 1 1
7. First identify the image distance: 𝑑 + 20𝑐𝑚 = 15𝑐𝑚 ∶ 𝑑 = 60𝑐𝑚 ∶ 𝒅𝒊 = 𝟔𝟎𝒄𝒎. Then use
𝑖 𝑖
ℎ 𝑑 ℎ𝑖 60𝑐𝑚
the image distance in the magnification equation: 𝑚 ∶ ℎ 𝑖 = − 𝑑 𝑖 ∶ = − 20𝑐𝑚 ∶
𝑜 𝑜 5𝑐𝑚
300𝑐𝑚
− 20 = 𝒉𝒊 ∶ −𝟏𝟓𝒄𝒎. (The image height is negative because it is inverted.) The
inverted image is 15.0 cm tall and 60.0 cm away from the lens.
1 1 1 1 −2
8. First identify the image distance: 𝑑 + 10𝑐𝑚 = 15𝑐𝑚 ∶ 𝑑 = 60𝑐𝑚 ∶ 𝒅𝒊 = −𝟑𝟎𝒄𝒎. (The
𝑖 𝑖
distance is negative because it is on the same side as the object.) Then use the
ℎ 𝑑 ℎ𝑖 −30𝑐𝑚
image distance in the magnification equation: 𝑚 ∶ ℎ 𝑖 = − 𝑑 𝑖 ∶ 5𝑐𝑚 = − 10𝑐𝑚 ∶
𝑜 𝑜
−150𝑐𝑚
− 10 = 𝒉𝒊 ∶ 𝟏𝟓𝒄𝒎. The upright image is 15.0 cm tall and 30.0 cm away from
the lens on the same side as the image.

14.5 Images in Double Concave Lenses

Follow-up Questions

Questions/Answers
1. Concave lenses are _thinner_ (thicker or thinner) in the middle.
2. Concave lenses are also called _diverging_ lenses.
3. All images from concave lenses are _virtual_ (real or virtual).

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6
Review

Questions

1. An object is placed 15.0 cm in front of a concave lens with a focal length of 8.00 cm.
Find the image distance.
2. An object is placed 3.00 cm in front of a concave lens with a focal length of 5.00 cm.
Find the image distance.
3. What physical characteristic of a lens distinguishes a converging lens from a
diverging lens?
4. An 2.00 cm tall object is placed 20.0 cm in front of a concave lens with a focal
length of 5.00 cm. Find the image distance and the height of the image.

Answers
1 1 1 1 1 1 120
1. Using 𝑑 + 𝑑 = 𝑓 ∶ 𝑑 + 15𝑐𝑚 = −8𝑐𝑚 ∶ 𝑑𝑖 = − ∶ 𝑑𝑖 = −5.2𝑐𝑚. The image
𝑖 𝑜 𝑖 23
distance is 5.2 cm in front of the lens.
1 1 1 1 1 1 15
2. Using 𝑑 + 𝑑 = 𝑓 ∶ 𝑑 + 3𝑐𝑚 = −5𝑐𝑚 ∶ 𝑑𝑖 = − ∶ 𝑑𝑖 = −1.875𝑐𝑚. The image
𝑖 𝑜 𝑖 8
distance is 1.875 cm in front of the lens.

3. A converging lens is a convex lens, while a diverging lens is a concave lens.

Physically, this means that a converging lens has a wider center than edges,
but a diverging lens has wider edges than the center.
1 1 1 1 1 1 20𝑐𝑚
4. Find image distance: 𝑑 + 𝑑 = 𝑓 ∶ 𝑑 + 20𝑐𝑚 = −5𝑐𝑚 ∶ 𝑑𝑖 = − = 4𝑐𝑚. Use the
𝑖 𝑜 𝑖 5
ℎ𝑜 𝑑𝑜 2𝑐𝑚 20𝑐𝑚
image distance to find magnification m with: 𝑚 = = ∶ = ∶ ℎ𝑖 = .4𝑐𝑚.
ℎ𝑖 𝑑𝑖 ℎ𝑖 4𝑐𝑚
The image is 0.4 cm high and 4.00 cm in front of the lens.