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Ms. Krishally Joy O. Patalinjug, RPH: Bsph-1102 Quantum Numbers

1. The four quantum numbers describe the size, shape, position, and spin of an electron in an atom. 2. The first quantum number, n or the principal quantum number, indicates the main energy level of an electron and determines the overall energy and size of an atomic orbital. 3. The second quantum number, l or the angular momentum quantum number, indicates the subshell type (s, p, d, or f) and determines the shape of an atomic orbital. 4. The third quantum number, ml or the magnetic quantum number, indicates the orientation of an orbital in space within a subshell and determines how many orbitals are in that subshell. 5. The fourth

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141 views3 pages

Ms. Krishally Joy O. Patalinjug, RPH: Bsph-1102 Quantum Numbers

1. The four quantum numbers describe the size, shape, position, and spin of an electron in an atom. 2. The first quantum number, n or the principal quantum number, indicates the main energy level of an electron and determines the overall energy and size of an atomic orbital. 3. The second quantum number, l or the angular momentum quantum number, indicates the subshell type (s, p, d, or f) and determines the shape of an atomic orbital. 4. The third quantum number, ml or the magnetic quantum number, indicates the orientation of an orbital in space within a subshell and determines how many orbitals are in that subshell. 5. The fourth

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BSPH-1102 QUANTUM NUMBERS PHARMACEUTICAL

Ms. Krishally Joy O. Patalinjug, Rph INORGANIC


Transcribers: Shenen H. Gaje
Liceo de Cagayan University-Paseo del Rio Campus-College of Pharmacy CHEMISTRY (LEC)

KEYWORDS 1. First Quantum Number: PRINCIPAL QN (n)

Quantum numbers, atomic orbital, size, shape, and  n = 1,2,3… (any positive integer; not
position/orientation/location of electron decimal, fraction, or zero)
 indicates relative size and distance of
Note: electron
 determines overall energy of an atomic
 The presence of charge in an atom is an orbital (AO)
indicator that it loses/gains an electron  main energy level
 When an atom loses electron or gives an  n value = energy level = larger size = farther
electron, it becomes a positive ion (cation) e- (it is directly proportional; as the n values
 When an atom gains an electron, it becomes a increases, the energy level, size, and
negative ion (anion) distance of the e- also increases)
 An atom gains/loses electron to attain stability  The best way to find out the n value is to
 Example: look at the period where the atom belongs to
 Example:
1. 11Na
+1 H – period 1
Al – period 3
p+ = 11 - The value indicates the highest
e- = 10 (+1 indicates that it loses 1 electron; or main energy level of the
cation) atom; the period is where the
outermost electron can be found
-1
2. 17Cl

p+ = 17
e- = 18 (-1 indicates that is gains an electron;
anion)

4 QUANTUM NUMBERS

 An atom is surrounded by electrons


 Shells that surround the nucleus is called atomic
orbitals (region in space/ area around nucleus
where there is a highest probability of finding an
electron)
 Atomic orbitals/subshells: s, p, d, f 2. Second Quantum Number: ANGULAR
 In each orbital in each subshell, maximum of 2 MOMENTUM QN (l)
electrons can only be accommodated
 The first three quantum numbers describe the  aka Azimuthal QN
atomic orbital (size, shape, and  values of l = 0 up to n-1 (n limits l)
position/orientation/location)  Example:
 The 4th quantum number only describes the Al
behavior of electrons (rotation/spin of the n=3
electron – intrinsic property of electrons) l = 0,1,2 (values of l is from 0 up to
n-1 and n-1 in this example is 2
(n=3; 3-1=2)
[PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY] Lesson 3: Quantum Numbers

 determines the angular momentum and the


shape of atomic orbital  Example:
l = 1 = p orbital
Atomic orbital s p d f ml = -1, 0, +1 (3 values = 3 orbitals
Values of l 0 1 2 3 in p subshell)

Note:
 In each orbital in each subshell,
maximum of 2 electrons can only be
accommodated
 In naming sublevel, include the n value
(1s, 3p, etc.)

4. Fourth Quantum Number: ELECTRON SPIN


(ms) – behavior

 orientation of the electron magnetic


o s,p,d,f describes the features of the moment/spin
atomic spectra and are only used  values of ms= ½ or -½
before the quantum numbers  ELECTRON
s – sharp  Fermion - a particle whose spin # is
p – principal an odd multiple of ½
d – diffuse  Vector – magnitude & direction
f – fundamental (up/positive or down/negative)
 Pauli Exclusion Principle – no two
e- can occupy an atomic orbital with
3. Third Quantum Number: MAGNETIC QN (ml) the same set of QN (it will at least
differ in the spin)
 values of ml= -l, 0, l (l limits the ml)
 Example:
 l=1
 ml = -1, 0, and +1 (values of m l start
from -1 and the limit is the value of l; in
this example l=1)
 determines the orientation of an angular
momentum vector in a magnetic field/ orientation
of the orbital in space
 the # of ml values = # of orbitals in the subshell
[PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY] Lesson 3: Quantum Numbers

REVIEW

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