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l4 Health and Illness

The document outlines various models and definitions of health and illness, including the Medical Model, Role-Performance Model, and the WHO definition, emphasizing health as a state of well-being rather than merely the absence of disease. It also discusses factors affecting health and illness across multiple dimensions: physical, emotional, intellectual, environmental, sociocultural, and spiritual. Each dimension highlights how different aspects of a person's life and environment influence their health status and behaviors.

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therenz gerald olazo
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78 views3 pages

l4 Health and Illness

The document outlines various models and definitions of health and illness, including the Medical Model, Role-Performance Model, and the WHO definition, emphasizing health as a state of well-being rather than merely the absence of disease. It also discusses factors affecting health and illness across multiple dimensions: physical, emotional, intellectual, environmental, sociocultural, and spiritual. Each dimension highlights how different aspects of a person's life and environment influence their health status and behaviors.

Uploaded by

therenz gerald olazo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CONCEPTS OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS

1. MEDICAL MODEL (M.B. Belloc & L. Breslow- 1972)

Health is the state of being free of signs or symptoms of disease. Illness is


the presence of signs or symptoms of disease.

2. ROLE- PERFORMANCE MODEL (Parsons 1958)

Health is the ability to perform all those roles from which one has been
socialized.

3. HEALTH- ILLNESS CONTINUUM (McCann/ Flynn & Heffron 1984)

Health is constantly changing state, with high level wellness and death being
on opposite ends of a graduated scale, or continuum.

4. HIGH- LEVEL WELLNESS (Dunn 1961)

High- level wellness refers to functioning to one’s maximum potential while


maintaining balance and purposeful direction in the environment.

5. NEEDSS- FULFILLMENT MODEL

Health is state in which needs are being sufficiently met to allow an


individual to function successfully in life with the ability to achieve the highest
possible potential.

6. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO 1947)

Health is the state of complete physical, mental, social well- being and not
merely the absence of disease.
FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH AND ILLNESS

1. PHYSICAL DIMENSION

Genetic make- up, age, developmental level, and sex are all part of an
individual’s physical dimension and strongly influence health status and health
practices.

2. EMOTIONAL DIMENSION

How the mind and body interact to affect body function and to respond to
body conditions also influences health. Long- term stress affects the body systems
and anxiety affects health habits; conversely, calm acceptance and relaxation can
change body responses to illness.

3. INTELLECTUAL DIMENSION

The intellectual dimension encompasses cognitive abilities, educational


background and past experiences. These influence a client’s responses to teaching
about health and reactions to health care during illness. They also play a major role
in health behaviors.

4. ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION

The environment has many influences on health and illness. Housing,


sanitation, climate, and pollution of air, food and water are aspects of
environmental dimension.

5. SOCIOCULTURAL DIMENSION

Health practices and beliefs are strongly influenced by a person’s economic


level, lifestyle, family and culture. Low- income groups are less likely to seek
health care to prevent or treat illness: high- income groups are more prone to
“stress- related habits and illness.” The family and the culture to which the person
belongs determine patterns of living and values about health and illness that are
often unalterable.
6. SPIRITUAL DIMENSION

Spiritual and religious beliefs and values are important components of the
way the person behaves in health and illness.

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