‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

‫اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬ ‫‪5.1‬‬

‫اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﺠﺪارﻳﺔ واﻟﻤﻮﺻﻼت‬ ‫‪5.2‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎرات اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬ ‫‪5.3‬‬

‫ﺧﺰاﺋﻦ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬ ‫‪5.4‬‬

‫‪ 5.1‬اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬
‫‪ANSI/TIA/EIA-‬‬ ‫ﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺣﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪) 568-A‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ( ‪Commercial Building Telecommunications‬‬
‫‪ ،Cabling Standard‬ﻭﺗﻄﺮﻗﻨﺎ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺪ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺷﺮﺡ ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺧﺺ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﺸﺮﺡ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻧﻈـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺆﻟﻒ ﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺜﻮﺛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ Work Area‬ﺇﱃ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻻﺗـﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ‪ ،Wiring Closet‬ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗﻌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 5.1.1‬اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ‪ Horizontal Cables‬ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺘﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺑﲔ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﱄ‬
‫‪ Cross-Connection Panel‬ﰲ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺒﺲ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭﻱ ‪ Wall Jack‬ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ Backbone Cables‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺘﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺧـﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﱄ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﲎ )ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ‪.(Equipment Room‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت واﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪244‬‬

‫ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 5.1‬ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺑﻨﻴﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺒﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺂﺧﺬ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗﻌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔـﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﱐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻨﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻭﲤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻛﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 5.1.1.1‬اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﳏﺪﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ‪ ،ANSI/TIA/EIA-568‬ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻛـﺎﺑﻼﺕ ‪ UTP‬ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ‪ 100‬ﺃﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﻤﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗـﺪ‬
‫ﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺫﺍﺗﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ‪ STP‬ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ‪ 150‬ﺃﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻴـﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺨﺎﻧﺔ ‪ 62.5/125‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳـﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ‪ 50‬ﺃﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮ‪‬ﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺻﺪﺍﺭ ‪ B‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ‪ 568‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪245‬‬ ‫‪ :5‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :5.1‬اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت اﻟﻤُﻬﻴﻜﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 5.1.1.2‬اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ‪ UTP‬ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ‪ 100‬ﺃﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬
‫‪ STP‬ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ‪ 150‬ﺃﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺨﺎﻧﺔ ‪ 62.5/125‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺨﺎﻧﺔ ‪ 8.3/125‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤـﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻛﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻔﻀ‪‬ﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﻘﻴـﻮﺩ ﺍﳌـﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺿﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻳﺶ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ )‪ Electromagnetic Interference (EMI‬ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 5.1.2‬اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت اﻟﺮﱡﻗﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺗ‪‬ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﻴﺔ ‪) Modular Patch Cables‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﺗﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ (Patch Cords‬ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﻴﺔ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻴﹰﺎ )ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳـﺪﺍﺕ ‪(Field Terminated‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ )ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﹰﺍ( ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻛﺎﳌﺒﺪﻻﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺑﻘﻮﺓ ﺃﺿﻌﻒ ﻧﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗﻌﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﻴﻜﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺿﻌﻒ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﻤﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺧﻴﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻗﻞ ‪ Stranded Conductors‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﳋﻴﻄﻴﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﻧـﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﲟﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﺉ ﺍﻟﺜﲏ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺮﺭﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳝﻜﻨﻚ ﺇﻧـﺸﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺭﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻚ ﻭﺗﻨﻬﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻴﹰﺎ )ﺃﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﹼﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻚ ﻭﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﲤﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ( ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻧﻔﻀﻞ ﺷﺮﺍﺀﻫﺎ ﺟﺎﻫﺰﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﻨ‪‬ﻌﲔ ﰲ ﺻـﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻣﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺑﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ Modular Plugs‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺎﻳﱵ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗـﺪ ﺗﺘﺤـﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻚ ﺟﺪﻝ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﻭﻓﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺷـﻘﻬﺎ ﲤﻬﻴـﺪﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺑﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺮ‪‬ﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻮﻳﺶ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﹰﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﻘـﻮﻡ ‪‬ـﺎ ﺃﺛﻨـﺎﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ ﺍﻟﻘـﻮﺍﺑﺲ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﺤ ‪‬ﻮﻝ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﺸﻮ‪‬ﻩ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻣﺼﺪﺭﹰﺍ ﺁﺧﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻮﻳﺶ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﻣﱪ‪‬ﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻓﻴﹰﺎ ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﲣﺎﻣﺪ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت واﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪246‬‬

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‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﻟﻠﻮﻫﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻻ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻗـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃ‪‬ـﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻙ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺑـﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻣﻔﺤﻮﺻﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟـﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻟﻨﻮﻋﻬـﺎ‬
‫)ﺣﺴﺐ ﺻﻨﻔﻬﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ‪.(UTP‬‬

‫‪ 5.1.3‬اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ واﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﻣﺮﻛﹼﱯ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﶈﺘﺮﻓﲔ ﻭﻣﺼﻤﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬
‫ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ‪‬ﻭﻥ ﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻮﻥ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑـﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺴﻮﺀ ﺍﳊﻆ ﺳﻲﺀ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻪ ﻣﺄﺳﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺤﺪﻭﺙ ﺣﺮﺍﺋﻖ ﺭﲟﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﳍﺎ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺗ‪‬ﻌﲎ ﺑﺄﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺳـﻠﻮﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺟﻮﻋﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﲣﺼﺼﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ‪ 2‬ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻔﻴﺪﻙ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟـﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺗﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﱃ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬
‫‪ NEC‬ﻭﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﲑﺍﻥ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠـﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺳﺘ‪‬ﻌﺮ‪‬ﻓﻚ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻓﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺘﻌﺮ‪‬ﻓﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳـﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺘﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺗـﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻛﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ‪ UTP‬ﻛﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﺘﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟـﻨﻤﻂ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺛﺨﺎﻧﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ﻫﻲ ‪ 62.5/125‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 50/125‬ﻣﺜﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ‪ ،UTP‬ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻢ ﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﺍﶈﺴ‪‬ﻦ ‪ ،Category 5e‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻳﻠﺠـﺆﻭﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻛـﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﺭﻏﻢ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ‪ UTP‬ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺭﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺻﻨﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺻﻨﻒ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫‪247‬‬ ‫‪ :5‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

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‫‪ 5.2‬اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﺠﺪارﻳﺔ واﻟﻤﻮﺻﻼت‬

‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ ‪ Wall Plates‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻼﺕ ‪ Connectors‬ﻫﻲ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺇ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴـﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﲤﻜﻨﻚ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﱠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ )ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭ( ‪ Surface Mounted Boxes‬ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺪ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻳﹰﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺂﺧﺬ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺂﺧﺬ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻙ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﺂﺧﺬ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺳﺘﻀﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﲢﺎﻭﻝ ﲣﺼﻴﺺ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺑﻞ ﻳﻼﺋﻢ ﲨﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﳊﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻭﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺂﺧﺬ ﺍﻻﺗـﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﳝﻜﻨـﻚ‬
‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺄﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﳝﻜﻨﻚ ﻣﺪ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻱ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺄﺧﺬ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ )ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ﺭﻗﻌﻲ(‪.‬‬
‫‪.8‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪ ،‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪﺓ ﳌﺂﺧﺬ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻧﻚ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ﺭﻗﻌﻲ ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺗﻚ )ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺘ‪‬ﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ( ﻟﻠﻮﺻـﻞ ﺑـﲔ ﻣﺄﺧـﺬ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻄﺮ‪‬ﻗﻨﺎ ﺳـﺎﺑﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺄﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﻭﺛﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗﻌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠـﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﺪﻳﻜﻮﺭ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ ،Panduit ،Ortronics‬ﻭ‪ Siemon‬ﺗـﻮﻓﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺛﺎﺙ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﻴﺔ )ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻮﺩﻳﻮﻟﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ‪ Siemon‬ﺫﻫﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺪﳎﻬﺎ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ‪‬ﺎ ﲞﻂ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﺛﺎﺙ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻭﺳ‪‬ـﻤﻲ ﺍﳌـﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻪ ‪ .MACsys‬ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 5.2‬ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺳﻄﺤﻴﺔ ‪ Faceplate‬ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ‪TracJack‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ‪.Ortronics‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت واﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪2 48‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :5.2‬ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺟﺪارﻳﺔ ﺳﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ ‪ TracJack‬ﻟﺸﺮآﺔ ‪.Ortronics‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺍﳓﻨﺎﺀ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺑﻞ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻗـﺪﻣﺖ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺘﺎ ‪ Panduit‬ﻭ‪ Siemon‬ﻣﺂﺧﺬ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ )ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺑﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ( ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ )ﺇﺫ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺂﺧﺬ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﺂﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟـﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﺂﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒـﺔ ‪ Modules‬ﺃﻱ ﳝﻜـﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 5.3‬ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺳﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ‪ CT‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫‪ Siemon‬ﻣ‪‬ﺮﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺂﺧﺬ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ‪ ،MAX‬ﻻﺣﻆ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺂﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﲢﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗﻌﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﲢﻤﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺿﺮﺭ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮ‪‬ﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﲏ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﳍﺎ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺄﺧﺬ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪249‬‬ ‫‪ :5‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

‫‪Siemon‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :5.3‬ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺟﺪارﻳﺔ ﺳﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع ‪ CT‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮآﺔ‬

‫ﻣُﺮآﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺂﺧﺬ ﺗﺮآﻴﺒﻲ زاوي ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ‪.MAX‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻮﺍﺑﺲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺰﺩﻭﺟـﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺪﻭﻟـﺔ ﻭﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 5.3‬ﻣﺴﺎرات اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬
‫‪ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A‬‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻴـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻟﻸﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪Commercial Building Telecommunications‬‬
‫‪ ،Pathways and Spaces Standard‬ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺠﺐ ﻭﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﲤﺪﻳـﺪﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺧﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺘﻼﺣﻆ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻚ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺄﺭﻳﻀﻬﺎ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﹰﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﻴـﺎﺭ ‪ANSI/TIA/EIA-607‬‬
‫)ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺑﻂ ﻭﺗﺄﺭﻳﺾ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻼﺗـﺼﺎﻻﺕ( ‪Commercial Building Grounding and‬‬
‫‪.Bonding Requirements for Telecommunications Standard‬‬
‫‪ 5.3.1‬اﻷﻗﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﻨﻴﺔ ‪ Conduit‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺻﻠﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﻧﺔ )ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻮﺡ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻘﺔ( ﻭﻫﻲ ﲤﺘﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻗﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﻓﻠﻪ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻗـﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت واﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪2 50‬‬

‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳑﺪ‪‬ﺩﺓ ﻭﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﹰﺎ ﻓﻤﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ )ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳑـﺪﺓ ﺿـﻤﻦ ﺍﳉـﺪﺭﺍﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻘﻒ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻗﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻭﻗﺘﹰﺎ ﻛﺒﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻳ‪‬ﻔﺘﺮﺽ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﻓﺎﺭﻏﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻓﺎﺭﻏﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﲤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻨﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻗﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺍﺣﺘﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻠﻘﻨـﺎﺓ ﻓﺮﺍﻏـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﳏﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺘﺤﺘﻀﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﲤﺘﻠﺊ ﻭﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟـﺼﻌﺐ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺿﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻙ ﻟﻸﻗﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺘﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﲤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺗﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﻨـﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﻗﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻨﻨﺎ ﻧﻨﺼﺤﻚ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻗﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻻ ﺗﺸﻐﻞ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺗﻚ ﺍﳌﻤﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍـﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 40‬ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺤﺪ ﺃﻋﻈﻤﻲ ﳝﻜﻨﻨـﺎ ﺍﻟﻘـﻮﻝ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻻ ﺗﺸﻐﻞ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 60‬ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺭﻛﲔ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﻛﺎﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻷﻱ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ ﻳﻔﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﲤﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ‪ ،ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻗﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﻗﻨﻴﺔ ﻣ‪‬ﻮﻗِﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺧﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻱ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺧﺰﺍﺋﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺸﲑ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﺎﻟـﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻗﻨﻴﺔ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻌﻴﺪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ ﲤﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﺑﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﺮﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﲤﻨﻊ ‪ NEC‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 5.3.2‬ﺣﻤّﺎﻻت اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬
‫ﻛﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻟﻸﻗﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﲪ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ‪ Cable Trays‬ﰲ ﲤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﲪ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺭﻓﻮﻑ ﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﺧﺼﻴﺼﺎﹰ ﻟﺘﺤﻤ‪‬ﻞ ﻭﺯﻧﺎﹰ ﻛﺒﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟـﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﲤﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺿﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻮﺿ‪‬ﻊ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﳊﻤ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﻱ ﻋﺎﺋﻖ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌـﲏ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺳــﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳊﻤ‪‬ــﺎﻻﺕ ﻳــﻮﻓﺮ ﺳــﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻛــﺒﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺻــﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺻــﻼﺡ ﺃﻋﻄــﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﺺ‪ ‬ﺍﳌﻌﻴـﺎﺭ ‪ ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A‬ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﲪ‪‬ـﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﰲ ﲤﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 5.4‬ﳎﺮﻯ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻠﹼﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺐ ﺃﻓﻘﻴﹰﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣـﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺳـﻘﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﻓﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺧﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣـﻦ ﺍ‪‬ـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﳝﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺍﻷﺿـﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻓـﻮﻕ‬
‫ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ‪) HVAC‬ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ( ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻤـﺎﺱ ﻣـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻱ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻓﺘﺒﺪﻭ ﺟﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﺻﻮﳍﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻏﹸﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺗﺼﻞ‬
‫‪251‬‬ ‫‪ :5‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻨـﺪ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﰲ ﻏـﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﰲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :5.4‬ﻣﺠﺮى آﺎﺑﻼت ﻳُﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت ﻓﻲ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ‪ CADDY CatTrax‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ‪ ،Erico‬ﻭﻫـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﲪ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻣﺮﻥ ﻭﺳﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻭﳝﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳـﻘﻒ ﻭﺧـﺰﺍﺋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﻏﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ‪) CatTrax‬ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ (5.5‬ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﺩﻋﻤـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺴﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪،J Hook‬‬ ‫‪J‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪J‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫(‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪،‬‬
‫א א ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Harmonic Intervals‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت واﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪2 52‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :5.5‬ﺣﻤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت ‪ CADDY CatTrax‬ﻣﻦ ‪.Erico‬‬

‫‪ 5.3.3‬اﻷﻗﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ‪ Raceways‬ﻫﻲ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻗﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗ‪‬ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﲤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﳉﺪﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻗﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﻟﺘﺤﺎﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺇﺫ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﻮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻗﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺻﻼﺕ ﻟﻮﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧـﺼﻒ ﻗﻄـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻹﳓﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻮﺡ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ )ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻳﺎ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻗﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ )ﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﻗﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ( ﺗﺮﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻒ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﳉـﺪﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﲰﻨﺖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻣﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﲢﻮﻱ ﺿﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻗﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻗﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﻧﺔ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﺗ‪‬ﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻣـﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ )ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ ،(5.6‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 5.7‬ﻓﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟـﺴﻄﺢ‬
‫‪) Surface-Mount Raceway‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ( ﲢﻤﻞ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﹸﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻏﻄﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﲤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻘﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﺮﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﻏﻼﻗﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﻓﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﻮﻥ ﻭﺻﻼﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺗ‪‬ﺮﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻗﻨﻴـﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎﺕ )ﻋﻨﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ( ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﻓﺮﻭﺍ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻣﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﳝﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻗﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺘ‪‬ﺮﻛﺐ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻭﻳﺴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪253‬‬ ‫‪ :5‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :5.6‬ﻗﻨﺎة ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺮآﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :5.7‬ﻗﻨﺎة ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ آﺎﺑﻼت ﺿﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 5.3.4‬أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت اﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ‪) Fiber-Protection Systems‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ (5.8‬ﻫﻲ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﺧﺼﻴﺼﹰﺎ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﲤﺪﻳﺪﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺍﻻﳓﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﻬـﻢ ﰲ ﲨﻴـﻊ ﺃﻧـﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت واﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪2 54‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﳓﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺳﺘﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﲣﺎﻣﺪ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺪﺭﳚﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﺳﻴﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺿﻴﺎﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺜﻮﺛﺔ ﻭﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻻﳓﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ ﺃﻛﺜـﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺛﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻧﻨﺼﺤﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﳉﻮﺋﻚ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪Inner Duct‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 5.8‬ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت اﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ‪ LightWays‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮآﺔ ‪.Siemon‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻙ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺑﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﲔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺪ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗـﻀﻤﻦ ﺃﻳـﻀﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﺘﺨﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﻳﺘﺤﻤ‪‬ﻞ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﲤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻥ ﺷﺒﻜﺘﻚ ﺳﺘﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺣﺘﻤﹰﺎ ﻣـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﲔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻣﺪﻯ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ ﲣﺘـﺎﺭﻩ ﺇﺯﺍﺀ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻌـﺪﻳﻼﺕ‬
‫‪255‬‬ ‫‪ :5‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﲢﺮﻳﻚ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺃﻱ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﻳﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﺳﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒـﺔ ﳝﻜـﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 5.4‬ﺧﺰاﺋﻦ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬
‫ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ‪ Wiring Closet‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﱴ ﺍﻵﻥ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺗﻄﺮ‪‬ﻗﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗ‪‬ﻮﺻﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺇﻥ ﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔـﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺴﻨﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺧﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺳﻨﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﳒﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﳕﻮﺫﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻨﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﺃﺧـﲑﹰﺍ ﻭﺑـﺸﻜﻞ ﻣ‪‬ﻘﺘـﻀﺐ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﲞﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪.‬‬

‫א א‬
‫‪،Wiring Closets‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫)‪Intermediate Cross-Connects (ICCs‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A‬‬ ‫)‪ ،Intermediate Distribution Frames (IDFs‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.Telecommunications Closets‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪،(Telecommunications Room‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪) Equipment Room‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‪ Main Distribution Frame (MDF‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫)‪.Main Cross-Connect (MCC‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ،‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪ ،‬א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻧﻮﻋﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ :‬ﺧﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﻏﹸﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺒﲎ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺧـﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﺗﺘـﺼﻞ‬
‫ﲨﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻫﻲ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳍﺪﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻫـﻮ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﺪ‪‬ﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌـﺒﲎ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت واﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪2 56‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﳚﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻃﺎﺑﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ( ﻭﻣﻮﻗـﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ )ﻛﺎﳊﻮﺍﺳﺐ ﻣـﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻙ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻗﺼﻮﻯ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﳚﺐ ﻋﺪﻡ ﲡﺎﻭﺯﻫﺎ )ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ‪ 90‬ﻣﺘﺮﹰﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺘ‪‬ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ‪ UTP‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻛﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺔ( ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺐ ﲡﺎﻭﺯﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ )ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺭﲟﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻭﺻﻞ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺧﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻣﺒﲎ ﻣﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﲟﺨﻄﻂ ﺗﺸﺒﻴﻚ ﳒﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﻀ‪‬ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺷﺮﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌـﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑـﲔ ﻏﺮﻓـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺼﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ‪ 2000‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﳌـﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺑﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ ‪ 3000‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ‪ UTP‬ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻻ ﻳﺘﺠـﺎﻭﺯ ‪ 90‬ﻣﺘـﺮﹰﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗـﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ‪ 800‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 5.4.1‬ﻧﺼﺎﺋﺢ وإرﺷﺎدات ‪ TIA/EIA‬اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺨﺰاﺋﻦ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

‫ﱂ ﲤﻴﺰ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺘﺎ ‪ TIA/EIA‬ﺑﲔ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺧﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺸﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻌﺮﻑ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﳊﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺩﱏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ‪ ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻓﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻟﻸﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ W‬ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﺨﺼ‪‬ﺼﺔ ﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ W‬ﳚﺐ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ W‬ﳚﺐ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺧﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻃﺎﺑﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﳍﺎ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ‬
‫)‪) 78 (3‬ﻓﺘﺤﺘﻬﺎ ‪ 3‬ﺇﻧﺶ ﺃﻭ ‪ 78‬ﻣﻴﻠﻤﺘﺮ( ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ W‬ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺤﻤ‪‬ﻞ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺯﻧﹰﺎ ﺃﺭﺿﻴﹰﺎ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ‪ 24‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ )‪ 50‬ﻟﻴﱪﺓ‪/‬ﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺔ(‬
‫ﻛﺤﺪ ﺃﺩﱏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗ‪‬ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻻﺣﺘﻮﺍﺀ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ )ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻜـﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳـﻴﺔ(‬
‫ﻼ( ﻭﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺰﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ‬‫ﻭﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ )ﻛﺎﳌﻘﺴﻢ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ‪ ،UPSs‬ﻭﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ )ﻛﺎﳉﺴﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺒﺪﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ( ﻭﻗﺪ ﲢﻮﻱ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﳐﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲟﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ‪ ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A‬ﲣﺼﻴﺺ ‪ 0.75‬ﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺔ ﻛﺤﺪ ﺃﺩﱏ ﳌﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻟﻜﻞ ‪ 100‬ﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻨـﻚ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 5.1‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﺩ ﳏﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫‪257‬‬ ‫‪ :5‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

‫ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫אא‬

‫اﻟﺠﺪول ‪ :5.1‬ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻋﺘﻤﺎدًا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺎت‪.‬‬

‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪101‬‬

‫‪800‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬ ‫‪401‬‬

‫‪1200‬‬ ‫‪1200‬‬ ‫‪801‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪5.1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬

‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﱏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺣﺖ ‪ TIA/EIA‬ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚـﺐ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻓﲑﻫﺎ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
‫‪ W‬ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻛﺤﺪ ﺃﺩﱏ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺎﻭﺏ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﲔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﲔ‬
‫ﳐﺼﺼﲔ ﻟﻠﺘﻴﺎﺭ ‪ 20A‬ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺪ ‪ 120‬ﻓﻮﻟﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ W‬ﳚﺐ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻳﻦ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﲔ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﲔ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﲔ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ ﲟﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 1.8‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫)‪ 6‬ﺃﻗﺪﺍﻡ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ 150‬ﻣﻴﻠﻤﺘﺮ )‪ 6‬ﺇﻧﺶ( ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ W‬ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﺄﺭﻳﺾ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﳏﺪﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫‪.ANSI/TIA/EIA-607‬‬
‫‪ W‬ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ‪ HVAC‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ )ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ(‬
‫ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳚﺐ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺟﻮﻱ ﺇﳚﺎﰊ ﺑﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻛﻞ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ W‬ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻃﺎﺑﻖ ﻟﺘﺤﺘﻀﻦ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﻃﺮﻓﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻭﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻘﺔ ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ W‬ﳚﺐ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲣﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت واﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪2 58‬‬

‫‪ W‬ﳚﺐ ﺇ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﻣﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺪ‪‬ﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ W‬ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻼﺋﻢ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻻﺯﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻧﺶ( ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪2.4‬‬ ‫‪ W‬ﳚﺐ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺭﻗﺎﻗﺘﲔ ﺧﺸﺒﻴﺘﲔ ‪ A-C Plywood‬ﺑﺄﺑﻌﺎﺩ ‪) 20 mm‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ )‪ 8‬ﺃﻗﺪﺍﻡ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ W‬ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ‪ 500‬ﻟﻮﻛﺲ )‪ 50‬ﴰﻌﺔ ـ ﻗﺪﻡ( ﻭﺗ‪‬ﺮﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪2.6‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ )‪ 8.5‬ﻗﺪﻡ( ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ W‬ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﲡﻬﻴﺰ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺑﺄﺳﻘﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺑﻌﺮﺽ ‪ 910‬ﻣﻴﻠﻤﺘﺮ )‪ 36‬ﺇﻧﺸﹰﺎ( ﻭﺑﺎﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ 2000‬ﻣﻴﻠﻤﺘﺮ )‪ 80‬ﺇﻧﺸﹰﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻳ‪‬ﻔﺘﺢ ﳓﻮ‬ ‫‪ W‬ﳚﺐ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺑﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻺﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻛﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳚﺐ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﻩ ﺑﻘﻔﻞ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﺃﻭ ﻳﱰﻟﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺑ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺇﻻ ﻣ‪‬ﻘﺘﺮﺣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻨﺼﺤﻚ ﲟﺤﺎﻭﻟـﺔ ﺗـﻮﻓﲑ‬
‫ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺘﻚ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻚ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺗﻠـﻚ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒـﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴـﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﺭﻳﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﱪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪.‬‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،2‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪ 5.4.2‬ﺣﻮاﻣﻞ وﺣﻮاﺿﻦ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

‫ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺻﺐ ‪ Racks‬ﻫﻲ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺗـﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘـﺮﺍﻭﺡ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﲔ ‪ 39‬ﻭ‪ 84‬ﺇﻧﺸﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ‪ 19‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 23‬ﺇﻧﺸﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ‪ 19‬ﺇﻧﺸﹰﺎ ﻣﺄﻟﻮﻓﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﺗ‪‬ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ 60‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗـﺴﻤﻰ ﲝﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ‪ 19‬ﺇﻧـﺸﹰﺎ‬
‫‪ 19-inch Racks‬ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﲝﻮﺍﻣﻞ ‪ ،(EIA Racks) EIA‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺛﻘﻮﺏ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﲟﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺑﲔ ‪ 5‬ﺇﻧﺶ ﻭﺇﻧـﺸﲔ ﺍﺛـﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗـﻀﻤﻦ‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺃﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺪﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﲑﹰﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﻦ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ،‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪259‬‬ ‫‪ :5‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

‫‪ 5.4.2.1‬اﻟﺤﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺠﺪارﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻳﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺪﺭﺍﻥ ‪ Wall-Mounted Brackets‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﳊـﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺜـﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻛﺎﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺿ‪‬ﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ ،5.9‬ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻠﹼﻖ ﺑﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ‪ 90‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺷﺪﺍﺕ ﺃﺳﻼﻙ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﰲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 5.9‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﲤﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﲤﺘﻠﻚ ﺑﻀﻊ ﳏﻄﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺂﺧﺬ ﻫﺎﺗﻒ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺖ ﺑﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﲢﺘﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :5.9‬ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺪاري ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع ‪ Swing Gate‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮآﺔ ‪.MilesTek‬‬

‫‪ 5.4.2.2‬اﻹﻃﺎرات اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ )ﺣﻮاﻣﻞ ‪ 19‬إﻧﺸ ًﺎ(‬

‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ‪ ،Skeletal Frames‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺣﻮﺍﻣﻞ ‪ 19‬ﺇﻧﺸﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‬
‫‪ ،EIA‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت واﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪2 60‬‬

‫‪ 5.10‬ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﻭﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ‪ EIA-310C‬ﻭﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﺃﺣﺠﺎﻣﻬـﺎ ﺑـﲔ ‪ 39‬ﻭ‪ 84‬ﺇﻧـﺸﹰﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ ‪ 19‬ﺇﻧﺸﹰﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺳﻠﻔﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺄﰐ ﻣﺰﻭﺩﺓ ﺑﻘﺎﻋـﺪﺓ ﻃﻮﳍـﺎ ‪ 22‬ﺇﻧـﺸﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ )‪ 19‬ﺇﻧﺸﹰﺎ( ﻭ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﻣـﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺿﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﺴﻬ‪‬ﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴـﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﹼﺒـﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻲ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :5.10‬إﻃﺎر هﻴﻜﻠﻲ )ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ‪ 19‬إﻧﺸ ًﺎ( ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮآﺔ ‪.MilesTek‬‬

‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﲤﻬﻴﺪﹰﺍ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ )ﻓﻤﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﺑﲔ ‪ 6‬ﻭ‪ 18‬ﺇﻧﺸﹰﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺘﺴﻊ ﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ )ﺑﲔ ‪ 12‬ﻭ‪ 18‬ﺇﻧﺸﹰﺎ ﻛﺤﺪ ﺃﺩﱏ( ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺗﺜﺒﻴـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﺖ ﺳـﺎﺑﻘﹰﺎ ﻣـﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﺄﰐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻣﺰﻭﺩﺓ ﺑﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺯﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻚ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻼ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻳﹰﺎ )ﻗـﺎﺑ ﹰ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 5.11‬ﻳ‪‬ﻈﻬﺮ ﺣﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭ( ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪261‬‬ ‫‪ :5‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :5.11‬اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺠﺪاري ‪ MightyMoII‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮآﺔ ‪ Ortronics‬اﻟﻤﺰوّد ﺑﺄدوات‬

‫إدارة اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‪.‬‬

‫ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﳐﺼﺼﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﳊﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﻣﻌﺪﱐ ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻭﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﳌﺨﺪ‪‬ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻣ‪‬ﺮﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻛﺴﺴﻮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜـﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒـﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﻓﻮﻑ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻮﻑ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 5.12‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻮﻑ ﺷﻬﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﳊﻮﺍﻣﻞ ‪ 19‬ﺇﻧﺸﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت واﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪2 62‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :5.12‬اﻟﺮﻓﻮف اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة ﻟﺤﻮاﻣﻞ ‪ 19‬إﻧﺸ ًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮآﺔ ‪.MilesTek‬‬

‫‪ 5.4.2.3‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﻦ ذات اﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺃﻏﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﻦ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ‪ Full Equipment Cabinets‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗـﻮﻓﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺃﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﰲ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺃﺑﺴﻂ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﳍﺎ ﻭﺣﺎﻻ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺪﻭ ﻛﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ ،5.13‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻋﻘﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻜﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 5.13‬ﺗﺆﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺃﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﱪﻳﺪﹰﺍ ﺃﻓـﻀﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﲪﺎﻳـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﺘـﺸﻮﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﳑﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻩ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ‪ 19‬ﺇﻧﺸﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻣـﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺃﻣﺮﹰﺍ ﻻﺯﻣﹰﺎ ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﹰﺎ ﳌﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪263‬‬ ‫‪ :5‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :5.13‬آﺒﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮآﺔ ‪.MilesTek‬‬

‫‪ 5.4.2.4‬إآﺴﺴﻮارات إدارة اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺰﻭﺩﺓ ﺑﺄﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺇﻛﺴﺴﻮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﱵ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ ،5.14‬ﳝﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗـﺴﺎﻋﺪﻙ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺗﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﺮﻭﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ‪ Cable Hangers‬ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻌـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﺗﺒﺪﻭ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻧﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﺮﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺧﻠـﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺘﺴﺎﻋﺪﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻒ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :5.14‬إآﺴﺴﻮارات إدارة آﺎﺑﻼت ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮآﺔ ‪.MilesTek‬‬

‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت واﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪264‬‬

‫‪ 5.4.2.5‬اﻟﺘﺄرﻳﺾ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﲢﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻗﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﺣﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻭﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ‪ ANSI/TIA/EIA-607‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺑﻂ ﻭﺗﺄﺭﻳﺾ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺭﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻧﺆﻛـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﻔـﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﺗﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﻃﺒﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺘﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﳊﻈﺔ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺆﺭ‪‬ﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﻓﻌ‪‬ﺎﻝ‪.‬‬

‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪ 5.4.3‬أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﺒﺎدﻟﻲ‬

‫ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﱄ ‪ Cross-Connect Devices‬ﻫﻲ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﳉﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 5.4.3.1‬ﻟﻮﺣﺎت ﺑﻠﻮآﺎت اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻟﻸﺳﻔﻞ ‪66‬‬

‫ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 25‬ﻋﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﺍﺳﺘ‪‬ﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﻠﻮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻟﻸﺳﻔﻞ ‪ ،(66 Punch-Down Blocks) 66‬ﻛـﺎﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ ،5.15‬ﻛﺄﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﱄ ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗـﺴﺘﻮﻋﺐ ‪ 50‬ﺯﻭﺟـﹰﺎ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﺃﻱ ﺳﻠﻚ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺄﻳﺔ ﺑﻠﻮﻛﺔ ﺗ‪‬ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺗ‪‬ـﺴﻤﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟـﻀﻐﻂ‬
‫ﻟﻸﺳﻔﻞ ‪ ،Punch-Down Tool‬ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺳﻠﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻸﺳﻔﻞ ﺑﲔ ﻃـﺮﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴـﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻـﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻠﻮﻛﺔ ﻳ‪‬ﺨﺘﺮﻕ ﻋﺎﺯﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻚ ﻭﻳﻨﺸﺄ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗ‪‬ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺻﻼﺕ ﲣﻄـﻲ‬
‫‪ Jumpers‬ﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻛﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﻷﻱ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻳـﺘﻢ ﺇﻋـﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺻـﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 5.4.3.2‬ﻟﻮﺣﺎت ﺑﻠﻮآﺎت اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻟﻸﺳﻔﻞ ‪ 110‬و‪S-210‬‬

‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 5.16‬ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻛﺎﺕ ‪ ،110‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﻮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻟﻸﺳﻔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺃﻛﺜـﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﰲ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄﰐ ﻟﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻛﺎﺕ ﺑﺄﺣﺠﺎﻡ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﻣـﺎ ﺑـﲔ ‪25‬‬
‫ﺯﻭﺟﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ‪ 500‬ﺯﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺳﻠﻚ ﻣﻮﺻﻞ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﱄ ﺑﺜﺨﺎﻧـﺔ ‪24‬‬
‫‪ AWG‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺑﻠﻮﻛﺎﺕ ‪ 66‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺻﻼﺕ ﲣﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺸﲑ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ‪ Siemon‬ﺃﻧﺘﺠﺖ ﺑﻠﻮﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺃﲰﺘﻬﺎ ‪ S-210‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﳌﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﻟﻜـﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻣﻦ ‪.UTP‬‬
‫‪265‬‬ ‫‪ :5‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :5.15‬ﺑﻠﻮآﺔ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻟﻸﺳﻔﻞ ‪ 66‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮآﺔ ‪.Siemon‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :5.16‬ﻧﻮع ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﻮآﺎت اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻟﻸﺳﻔﻞ‪ ،‬اﺳﻤﻪ ﺑﻠﻮآﺎت اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻟﻸﺳﻔﻞ‬
‫‪.110‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﲑ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻮﺻﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻟـ ‪ 25‬ﺯﻭﺟﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ ﻣﻌﹰﺎ ‪ ،25-Pair Connectors‬ﻓﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﻈﻤـﺔ ﺍﳍـﺎﺗﻒ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﺪ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﳌﻮﺻﻠﺔ ‪ ،RJ-45‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﳝﻜﻨﻚ ﺷﺮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻟﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺑﻠﻮﻛﺎﺕ ‪ 110‬ﳎﻬﺰﺓ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻭﻣﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟـ ‪ 25‬ﺯﻭﺟﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﺗﻈﻬـﺮ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪.5.17‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت واﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪2 66‬‬

‫‪25‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪110‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪66‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :5.17‬ﺑﻠﻮآﺎت ‪ 110‬ﻣﺠﻬّﺰة ﻣﺴﺒﻘ ًﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺑﻼت وﻣﻮﺻﻼت اﻟـ ‪ 25‬زوﺟ ًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮآﺔ‬

‫‪.Siemon‬‬

‫‪ 5.4.3.3‬اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﺮّﻗﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻛﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻟﺒﻠﻮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻟﻸﺳﻔﻞ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻨﻚ ﺇ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺗﻚ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻟﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺭﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻣـﺰﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﲟﻘﺎﺑﺲ ‪) RJ-45‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ ،(5.18‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﻳﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﻠـﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﹰﺎ ﺑﺒﻠﻮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻟﻸﺳﻔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺃﻳـﻀﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺃﻳﺔ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻺﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺻﻞ ﳏﻄﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﳏﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﲟﻨﻔﺬ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻝ ﻣﺜﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﻫﻮ ﲢﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻌﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﺃﺿﻒ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻷﻧﻴﻖ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬
‫ﲤﻨﺤﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺘﻚ‪.‬‬

‫‪(T568B‬‬ ‫)‪T568A‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪110‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪267‬‬ ‫‪ :5‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

‫‪5.18‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﻮﻛﺎﺕ ‪) 110‬ﻻ ﲣﻠﻂ ﺑﲔ ﻟﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻛﺎﺕ ‪ 110‬ﻭﺑـﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻛﺎﺕ ‪ ،110‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻠﻮﻙ ‪ 110‬ﻫﻮ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ ‪ ،UTP‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳـﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ ‪ UTP‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﻘﺒﺲ ‪ RJ-45‬ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻌﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻟﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺑﻠﻮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻟﻸﺳﻔﻞ ‪ 110‬ﻓﺘﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﻠﻮﻛﺎﺕ ‪ 110‬ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺭﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺘﺠﺪ ﻣﺰﻳﺪﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻳﻀﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت واﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪2 68‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ( ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﻮﻛﺎﺕ ‪ ،110‬ﻭﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺑﻠﻮﻛﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﺗ‪‬ﺮﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﺲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ )ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ (5.19‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﺣﺠﺎﻡ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﲟﺨﻄﻄـﺎﺕ ﺗـﺴﻠﻴﻚ‬
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﲤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪5.19‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫‪ 5.4.3.4‬ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﺪﻣﺞ‬
‫ﲰﺢ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭﺍﻥ ‪ ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A‬ﻭ‪ ISO/IEC 11801‬ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﲢﻮﻳـﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ ﺩﻣـﺞ‬
‫‪ Consolidation Point‬ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺞ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﲔ ﻛـﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬
‫‪ UTP‬ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟـ ‪ 25‬ﺯﻭﺟﹰﺎ )ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ‪ UTP‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺯﻭﺍﺝ( ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋـﻦ ﺧﺰﺍﻧـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺘﺪ ﻟﺘﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺛﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﱯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 5.20‬ﻣﺜﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺩﻣﺞ ﳕﻮﺫﺟﻴـﺔ )ﺿـﻤﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ(‪.‬‬

‫‪ 5.4.3.5‬ﻟﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻼت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻜﺎﺑﻼت اﻷﻟﻴﺎف اﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﲤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﻗﻤﺖ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜـﻮﻥ ﻗـﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﻛﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮ‪‬ﻓﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ‪ ،Fiber-Optic Connector Panels‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺪ‬
‫‪269‬‬ ‫‪ :5‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

‫ﺗﺒﺪﻭ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﻣﺸﺎ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ‪ RJ-45‬ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ‪ UTP‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻇﻬﺮﻧﺎﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺻﻨﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﻓﺎﺭﻏﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺧﺎﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫‪ 5.21‬ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺃﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺑﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ‪ 24‬ﻣﻨﻔﺬﹰﺍ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :5.20‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ دﻣﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮآﺔ ‪.Siemon‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :5.21‬ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻮﺻﻼت آﺎﺑﻼت أﻟﻴﺎف ﺑﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 5.4.4‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ إدارة اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻔﻚ ﺭﻣﻮﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻭﺗﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠـﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت واﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪27 0‬‬

‫)ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ( ﻓﺈﻧﻚ ﺳﺘﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺣﺘﻤﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻗـﺪ ﺗـﺼﺎﺩﻑ ﻭﺿـﻌﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺄﺳﺎﻭﻳﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺒﺪﻭ ﻓﻮﺿﻮﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺻﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻠﹼﻒ‬
‫ﺃﺿﻌﺎﻑ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻠﹼﻔﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬

‫ﻭﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ )ﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ( ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﳌـﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏـﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﺭﺕ ‪ TIA/EIA‬ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ‪ ANSI/TIA/EIA-606‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ـﺔ ‪Administration Standard for the Telecommunications Infrastructure of‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳـ‬
‫‪ Commercial buildings‬ﻭﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﻴـﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻣﻴـﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﻟﻮﻧﻴﹰﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻳﻈﻬﺮﻩ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ،5.2‬ﻭﻫـﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﱐ ﻻ ﻳﻄﺒﻖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﻄﺒﻖ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﱄ ﰲ ﺧﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺃﻏﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﳛﺎﻭﻝ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻪ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺠﺪول ‪ :5.2‬ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺸﻔﺮة اﻟﻠﻮﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫*‬
‫‪(MC/TC‬‬ ‫)‪MC/IC‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫)‪(IC/TC‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א ‪(... ،‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫)א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Demarcation Point‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Main-Cross Connect :MC‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪Telecommunication Closet :TC‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Intermediate-Cross Connect :IC‬‬
‫‪271‬‬ ‫‪ :5‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﱐ‪ ،‬ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺃﻳـﻀﹰﺎ ﺑﺘﺠﻤﻴـﻊ ﻭﺣـﺰﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺑﺎﻃﺔ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ‪ ،Plastic Cable Tie‬ﻭﺭﺑﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﺑﺄﺣﺠﺎﻡ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺷﺪﻫﺎ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺑﻘﻮﺓ ﻛﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺆﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺻـﺎﺩﻓﺖ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﶈﺰﻭﻣﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻗﻄـﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻃـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻃﺒﻘﺖ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ‪ ANSI/TIA/EIA-606‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻭﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‪.‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪MilesTek: www.milestek.com‬‬
‫‪Siemon: www.siemon.com‬‬
‫‪Ortronics: www.ortronics.com‬‬
‫‪Erico: www.erico.com‬‬