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Geological Structures & Maps Guide

This document is the contents page for the 7th edition of the textbook "An Introduction to Geological Structures and Maps" by G.M. Bennison and K.A. Moseley. It provides an overview of the 12 chapters that make up the textbook, which cover topics such as horizontal and dipping strata, unconformities, folding, faults, igneous features, and complex structures. The appendices include completed map solutions, numerical answers to exercises, conversion tables, and block diagrams. The textbook is intended to teach students how to interpret and solve geological maps and structures.

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811 views4 pages

Geological Structures & Maps Guide

This document is the contents page for the 7th edition of the textbook "An Introduction to Geological Structures and Maps" by G.M. Bennison and K.A. Moseley. It provides an overview of the 12 chapters that make up the textbook, which cover topics such as horizontal and dipping strata, unconformities, folding, faults, igneous features, and complex structures. The appendices include completed map solutions, numerical answers to exercises, conversion tables, and block diagrams. The textbook is intended to teach students how to interpret and solve geological maps and structures.

Uploaded by

piakozo
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

AN INTRODUCTION TO

GEOLOGICAL
STRUCTURES AND MAPS
Seventh Edition

G.M. Bennison
Chartered Geologist, formerly Senior Lecturer in Geology, University of Birmingham

and

K.A. Moseley
Head of Physics and Geology, Monmouth School

A member of the Hodder Headline Group


LONDON • NEW YORK • SYDNEY • AUCKLAND
Distributed in the United States of America by
Oxford University Press Inc., New York
CONTENTS

List of plates viu


Preface to the current edition ix
Preface to previous editions ix
Key to maps xi

Chapter I Horizontal and dipping strata I


Contours 1
Dip 3
Structure contours (= strike lines) 5
Construction of structure contours 5
True and apparent dip 10
Calculation of the thickness of a bed 11
Vertical thickness and true thickness 11
Width of outcrop 11
Inliers and outliers 14
Exercises using Geological Survey Maps 14

Chapter 2 'Three-point* problems 16


Construction of structure contours 16
Depth in boreholes 16
Insertion of outcrops 18

Chapter 3 Unconformities 21
Overstep 22
Overlap 26
Sub-unconformity outcrops 26
Exercises using Geological Survey Maps 26

Chapter 4 Folding 28
Anticlines and synclines 29
Asymmetrical folds 30
Similar and concentric folding 34
Two possible directions of strike 35
Exercise on published Geological Survey Map 41
vi CONTENTS

Chapter 5 Map solution without structure contours I 42


(Simple maps with structures so far described)

Chapter 6 Faults 50
Normal and reversed faults 51
The effects of faulting on outcrops 52
Classification of faults 53
Calculation of the throw of a fault 57
Faults and economic calculations 57
Wrench or tear faults 60
Pre- and post-unconformity faulting 61
Structural inliers and outliers 61
Posthumous faulting 61
Isopachytes 61
Exercises on published Geological Survey Maps 66

Chapter 7 Map solution without structure contours 2 67


(More advanced maps which include all the structures so far described,
as well as igneous features)

Chapter 8 More folds and faulted folds 77


Plunging folds 77
The effects of faulting on fold structures 80
Displacement of folds by strike-slip (wrench) faults 80
Calculation of strike-slip displacement 81
Faults parallel to the limbs of a fold 81
Sub-surface structures 81
Posthumous folding 81
Polyphase folding 86
Bed isopachytes \ 86
Exercises on Geological Survey Maps ' 87

Chapter 9 Igneous features


Lavas
Pyroclastic deposits
Concordant intrusions
Discordant intrusions
Exercise on Geological Survey Map
Chapter 10 Planetary geology
Solutions to planetary geology maps

Chapter 11 Economic problems

Chapter 12 Complex structures


Nappes
CONTENTS vii

Thrust faults 124


Axial plane cleavage 124
Description of a geological map 130
The geological history of Map 45 \, 130
Exercise on Geological Survey Map 131

Appendix 132

Completed sections across problem maps 132


Completed map solutions 142
Numerical answers 149
Dip/apparent dip table 150
Dip/vertical thickness table 150
Real-apparent dip conversion graph 151
Block diagrams 152

Index 158

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