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MATHEMATICS
Quarter 4 – Module 6
Measures of Variability
Mathematics – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 6: Measures of Variability

First Edition, 2020

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Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 6
Measures of Variability

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LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
• The learner illustrates the Measures of Variability (range, average deviation,
variance, standard deviation) of statistical data. (M7SP – IVh – 1)
• The learner calculates the measures of variability of grouped and ungrouped
data. (M7SP – IVh – i – 1)

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
K: Define terms related to measures of variability
S: Calculate the measures of variability of a given set of ungrouped and grouped data; and
A: demonstrate appreciation on the importance of the measures of variability.

Directions: Read the following statements/questions below and choose the

letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Write the answer in
your answer sheet.
1. Which measure of central tendency is generally used in determining the
size of the most in demand shoes.
A. mean B. median C. mode D. range

2. Standard Deviation is always the ______________ of Variance.

A. square root B. median C. mean D. square

3. It is the difference between the largest and the smallest value in the
dataset.
A. mean C. median
B. mean deviation D. range

4. The most important measure of variability is ____________.

A. range C. mean deviation
B. inter quartile range D. standard deviation

5. If the range of a set of scores is 14 and the lowest score is 7. What is the
highest score?
A. 24 B. 21 C. 14 D. 7

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 ’s In

The table below shows the scores of two players in their previous seven games.

Player 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Jordan Clarkson 10 15 21 20 7 11 16
Lou Williams 12 16 14 14 15 13 11
Applying what you have learned from the previous lesson on the measures of
central tendency who scored better?

’s New

The new lesson focuses on Measures of Variability, but before you proceed to
the new lesson, answer Activity 1 first. Ready?
Activity 1:
Using the same table above, who scored consistently?

is It

In your previous modules, we learned about Measures of Central Tendency that

describes to us a typical value that is located at the middle of datasets such as Mean, Median
and Mode. These times we will learn how those values spread out from the center and we called
it Measures of Variability. Are you excited? Let us do it!

MEASURES OF VARIABILITY
Measures of Variability is a summary statistic that describes how far apart data points
lie from each other and from the center of the dataset.

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 4 MEASURES OF VARIABILITY

1. RANGE
Range is the difference between the largest and smallest value in the dataset.
R = LV - SV
Where: R is the Range.
LV is the largest value in the dataset.
SV is the smallest value in the dataset.

Example 1: Ungrouped data

Determine which data is more variability than the other using Range.
Data A: 2, 6, 9, 11, 15
Data B: 5, 7, 8, 10, 13

Solution: Data A: RA = 15 – 2 = 13
Data B: RB = 13 – 5 = 8
The answer shows that Data A has a broader range than Data B, therefore, Data A has more
variability than Data B.

Example 2: Grouped data

The following table represents the age group of 100 grade 7 students of Mabinay
National High School. Find the Range.

Age Group Number of Students

11 – 13 25
13 – 15 30
15 – 17 35
17 – 19 10
Solution:
Range (R) = Largest Value – Smallest Value
R = 19 – 11
R=8

2. AVERAGE DEVIATION
Average Deviation of a set of scores is calculated by computing the mean and then the
specific distance between each score and that mean without regard to whether the score is above
or below the mean. It is also called a Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD).

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 1
Ungrouped Data: 𝑀𝐴𝐷 = ∑𝑛𝑖=1|𝑥 − 𝑥̅ |
𝑛

Where: 𝑀𝐴𝐷 = Mean Absolute Deviation

𝑛 = represents the number of observations
𝑥 = represents the observation
𝑥̅ = represents the mean

Example: Find the Mean Absolute Deviation for the given data: 3, 5, 7, 9,
11, 13.

3+5+7+9+11+13
Solution: 𝑥̅ =
6
48
𝑥̅ = =8
6
1 𝑛
𝑀𝐴𝐷 = ∑ |𝑥 − 𝑥̅ |
𝑛 𝑖=1
|3−8|+|5−8|+|7−8|+|9−8|+|11−8|+|13−8|
𝑀𝐴𝐷 = 6
5+3+1+1+3+5
𝑀𝐴𝐷 = 6
𝑴𝑨𝑫 = 𝟑

Grouped Data:
𝒏
𝟏
̅|
𝑴𝑨𝑫 = ∑ 𝒇|𝒙 − 𝒙
𝑵
𝒊=𝟏

where: 𝑀𝐴𝐷 = Mean Absolute Deviation

𝑁 = represents the number of observations
𝑥 = represents the observation
𝑥̅ = represents the mean
𝑓 = frequency

Example: The following table represents the age group of 100 grade
7 students of Mabinay National High School. Find the MAD.

Age Group Number of Students

11 – 13 25
13 – 15 30
15 – 17 35
17 – 19 10

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Solution:
Age Group 𝑓 Class Mark (𝑥) 𝑓. 𝑥 𝑓|𝑥 − 𝑥̅ |
11 – 13 25 12 300 65
13 – 15 30 14 420 18
15 – 17 35 16 560 49
17 – 19 10 18 180 34

𝑁 = 100 ∑ 𝑓. 𝑥 = 1460 166

Mean:
𝑛
1
𝑥̅ = ∑ 𝑓. 𝑥
𝑁
𝑖=1

1
𝑥̅ = (1460)
100

𝑥̅ = 14.6

Mean Absolute Deviation:

𝑛
1
𝑀𝐴𝐷 = ∑ 𝑓|𝑥 − 𝑥̅ |
𝑁
𝑖=1
1
𝑀𝐴𝐷 = (166)
100

𝑀𝐴𝐷 = 1.66

3. VARIANCE
Variance is the average of the squared difference of the values from the mean.

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UNGROUPED DATA: 𝜎 2 = 𝑛 ∑(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2

Where: 𝜎 2 = the variance

𝑛 = represents the number of observations.
𝑥 = represents the observation.
𝑥̅ = the mean

Example: The following are the heights of 5 students of grade 7 – Rosal: 149cm, 157cm,
155cm, 147cm and 152cm. Find out the Variance of their heights.

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 149+157+155+147+152
Solution: 𝑥̅ = 5
760
𝑥̅ = = 152
5

1
𝜎 2 = 𝑛 ∑(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2
(149−152)2 +(157−152)2 +(155−152)2 +(147−152)2 +(152−152)2
𝜎2 = 5
2 9+25+9+25+0
𝜎 = 5
2 68
𝜎 = = 13.6
5

1
GROUPED DATA: 𝜎 2 = 𝑁 ∑ 𝑓. (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2

Where: 𝜎 2 = the variance

𝑁 = represents the number of observations
𝑥 = represents the observation
𝑥̅ = represents the mean
𝑓 = frequency

Example: The following table represents the age group of 100 grade
7 students of Mabinay National High School. Find the
Variance.

Age Group Number of Students

11 – 13 25
13 – 15 30
15 – 17 35
17 – 19 10

Solution:
Age Group 𝑓 Class Mark (𝑥) 𝑓. 𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥̅ 𝑓. (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2
11 – 13 25 12 300 -2.6 169
13 – 15 30 14 420 -0.6 10.8
15 – 17 35 16 560 1.4 68.6
17 – 19 10 18 180 3.4 115.6

𝑁 = 100 ∑ 𝑓. 𝑥 = 1460 364

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 Mean:
𝑛
1
𝑥̅ = ∑ 𝑓. 𝑥
𝑁
𝑖=1

1
𝑥̅ = (1460)
100

𝑥̅ = 14.6

1
Variance: 𝜎 2 = 𝑁 ∑ 𝑓. (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2
364
𝜎 2 = 100 = 3.64

4. STANDARD DEVIATION

Standard Deviation is just the square root of Variance. This measure of Variability gives
us a standard way of knowing what is normal, and what is extra-large or extra small.

UNGROUPED DATA:
∑(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ ) 2
𝜎= √
𝑛

Where: 𝜎 = the Standard Deviation

𝑛 = represents the number of observations.
𝑥 = represents the observation.
𝑥̅ = the mean

Example: Calculate the Standard Deviation for the given data: 3, 5, 7, 9,11, 13.

3+5+7+9+11+13 48
Solution: 𝑥̅ = = =8
6 6

∑(𝑥−𝑥̅ ) 2
𝜎= √ 𝑛

(3 − 8)2 + (5 − 8)2 + (7 − 8)2 + (9 − 8)2 + (11 − 8)2 + (13 − 8)2

𝜎= √
6

25 + 9 + 1 + 1 + 9 + 25 70
𝜎= √ = √ = 3.42
6 6

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GROUPED DATA:
∑ 𝑓. (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ ) 2
𝜎= √
𝑁

Where: 𝜎 = the Standard Deviation

𝑁 = represents the number of observations.
𝑥 = represents the observation.
𝑥̅ = the mean

Example: The following table represents the age group of 100 grade
7 students of Mabinay National High School. Find the
Variance.

Age Group Number of Students

11 – 13 25
13 – 15 30
15 – 17 35
17 – 19 10

Solution:

Age Group 𝑓 Class Mark (𝑥) 𝑓. 𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥̅ 𝑓. (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2

11 – 13 25 12 300 -2.6 169
13 – 15 30 14 420 -0.6 10.8
15 – 17 35 16 560 1.4 68.6
17 – 19 10 18 180 3.4 115.6

𝑁 = 100 ∑ 𝑓. 𝑥 = 1460 364

Mean:
𝑛
1
𝑥̅ = ∑ 𝑓. 𝑥
𝑁
𝑖=1

1
𝑥̅ = (1460)
100

𝑥̅ = 14.6

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Standard Deviation:
∑ 𝑓. (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ ) 2
𝜎= √
𝑁

364
𝜎 = √100 = 1.9

’s More

Try this out.

1. A math 7 module has 12 pages with the following numbers of words

301, 298, 314, 327, 296, 287, 271, 326, 316, 333, 354 and 285. What is
the standard deviation number of words per pages?
A. 21.9 B. 22.6 C. 21.4 D. 22.0

2. Determine the standard deviation of the dataset represented by this

frequency table.
Class Frequency
4–8 6
8 – 12 2
12 – 16 5
16 – 20 7
20 – 24 1

I Have Learned

Instructions: Write your reflection in your notebook to manifest your understanding of

Measures of Variability by completing the statements below.

I have learned that

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
I have realized that
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
I will apply
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 I Can Do

You and your friends have just measured the heights of your dogs (in millimeter):

[Link]

The heights (at the shoulders) are: 600mm, 470mm, 170mm, 430mm and 300mm. Determine
which dog is/are beyond the standard height.
You will be rated based on the rubric below.
CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
Mathematical 90-100% of the Almost all (85- Most (75-84%) More than 75% of
Errors steps and solutions 89%) of the steps of the steps and the steps and
have no and solutions solutions have solutions have
mathematical have no no mathematical mathematical errors
errors mathematical errors
errors
Explanation Explanation is Explanation is Explanation is a Explanation is
detailed and clear. clear. little difficult to difficult to
understand but understand and is
includes critical missing several
components. components or was
not included.
Neatness and The work is The work is The work is The work appears
Organization presented in a neat, presented in a neat presented in an sloppy and
clear, organized and organized organized unorganized. It is
fashion that is easy fashion that is fashion but may hard to know what
to read. usually easy to be hard to read information goes
read. at times. together.
Diagrams and Diagrams and/or Diagrams and/or Diagrams and/or Diagrams and/or
Sketches sketches are clear sketches are clear sketches are sketches are difficult
and greatly add to and easy to somewhat to understand or are
the reader’s understand. difficult to not used.
understanding of understand.
the procedure(s).
Completion All the steps are All but one of the All but two of Several of the steps
completed. steps are not the steps are are not completed
completed completed
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Directions:
Read the following statements/questions below and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer. Write the answer in your answer sheet.

1. If the standard deviation of a dataset is 4, What is the Variance?

A. 2 B. 4 C. 16 D. 8
2. What is the variance of the first 10 natural numbers (1 to 10)?
A. 2.87 B. 8.25 C. 2.45 D. 3.16
3. What is the average deviation of the first 10 numbers of the Fibonacci sequence (0, 1, 1, 2,
3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34)?
A. 285.01 B. 10.47 C. 16.88 D. 8.32
4. The Range of the scores 3, 5, 6, 4 and 2 is ___________.
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
5. Pedro did a survey of the number of pens owned by his 25 classmates, with the following
results:
Number of Pens Frequency
0 3
1 10
2 9
3 1
4 2
What was the standard deviation?
A. 1.02 B. 1.60 C. 1.49 D. 1.38

Find the Range, Mean Absolute Deviation, Variance and Standard Deviation of
the given data set:
Scores in First Summative Test of 10 – Waling-Waling in Mathematics 10

Scores Frequency
16 – 18 3
13 – 15 4
10 – 12 11
7–9 12
4–6 10
1–3 2

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What I Know
1. C 4. D
2. A 5. B
3. D
What’s In
JORDAN CLARKSON
What’s New
LOU WILLIAMS
What’s More
1. 𝜎 = 22.63 2. 𝜎 = 7.59
Assessment
1. C 4. D
2. B 5. A
3. D
Additional Activities
Range = 17, MAD = 2.86, 𝜎 2 = 11.14 , 𝜎 = 3.34
Answer Key
References

Elizabeth R. Aseron, and et. al. (2013). Mathematics Learner’s

Material- Grade 7. 2nd Floor Dorm G, Philsports Complex, Meralco
Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600.

[Link]
[Link]
[Link]

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: [Link]@[Link]
Website: [Link]

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