9

Research II
Quarter IV – Module 2.3:
Usual Procedures During Oral Presentation and
Defense in a Science Congress

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Research II – Grade 9
Self-Learning Modules
First Edition, 2021

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Introductory Message
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Thank you.
 Explore

Good job! You are now in the last part of your research experiment. Starting
from doing extensive background research, designing an experiment, collecting
data, recording and organizing it in a project data logbook, analyzing data and
writing a research paper or science investigatory project – you are now ready to
present the results to your audience.

Generating
Ideas

Developing a
Report Results research resign

The
Research
Interpreting the data Knowing the topic
Process

Statistical Analysis Setting up and Writing the proposal

conducting the
experiment

Figure 1 Stages of Research Process

This self-learning module will help you understand the usual procedures in
the conduct of oral presentation and defense during science congress. Even though
the oral presentation and defense only last for minutes, it should be taken as
important as the months of experimentation.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Understand the usual procedures during oral presentation.

Specifically, it aims to:

1. define oral presentation and oral defense;
2. identify the procedures and its corresponding visuals in the oral
presentation;
3. distinguish and explain the different forms of oral presentations; and
4. perform a mock oral presentation and defense following a standard rubric.
Activity 1 HEXAGON
Q4_STE_Research_II_Module 2.3 MAP Page 1 of 17

Directions: Using a separate paper, draw a hexagon then fill-in a word that is
related or connected to the central topic: ORAL PRESENTATION AND DEFENSE.

__________

____________ __________

Oral
Presentation
and Defense

_____________ ___________

____________

Activity 2 ORAL PRESENTATION CHECKLIST

Directions: What should be included in your oral presentation? Can you list
important things you need to consider during presentation of research project? Use
a separate paper in answering. Write maximum of ten (10) only.
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
Guide Questions:
Q4_STE_Research_II_Module 2.3 Page 2 of 17
1. Are you able to list all the important things for an oral presentation? Why or
Why
not?

2. How important is knowing the usual procedures in presenting research project?

Explain.

Learn

The Oral Presentation and Defense

An important part of conducting research is to communicate the results of
the study. This is generally accomplished in two different ways.

 Write a scientific paper in order to have the paper published; and

 Present the research to peers face-to-face at oral presentations and
oral poster presentations.

In these trying times of pandemic, one way to communicate the results of

the study is the conduct of Classroom-Based Virtual Science Congress.

In an oral presentation, the students present their research in front of the

audience such as classmates, teacher or the panel of judges. They are given a
certain time to present all the important and main information of the research.

On the other hand, the oral defense is solely dedicated to the questioning of
the audience and usually consumes more time than the oral presentation.

In a science congress, the oral presentation and defense with the judges is
the students’ best chance to:

1. share what their research is all about;

2. clarify and answer queries;

3. persuade the judges on the significance of their research; and

4. convince them that their research can change the world.

Q4_STE_Research_II_Module 2.3 Page 3 of 17

Usual Procedure for Oral Presentation in a Science Congress
Oral presentation generally means-containing visuals-with a question-and-
answer session at the end. The presentation may vary in length, depending on your
teacher’s guidelines; student presentations can run 2 to 15 minutes. Then each
judge will ask you questions for about 8 -10 minutes.
If you did your project with a group, you need to divide the parts of the
presentation among the group members. Consider having each member responsible
for his or her own portion, including any corresponding visuals. Then the group
can put the parts together before the presentation.
Even if you are not presenting your research at a science congress or science
fair, you may still be expected to present your research to your classmates and
research adviser. Generally, that means an oral presentation and oral defense –
classroom-based. Here are the important parts and procedures in an oral
presentation and oral defense.

Results
Introduction
Background
Present of the Study.
and explain To acquaint
your results clearlythe
to audience with your
the audience. You study,
can
begin with one or two sentences describing the reasons
choose tables, figures and diagrams that best highlight the results of the why you have
conducted
study. the study.
Discuss theseDescribe
graphicalthe circumstances
data during your that suggested the conduct
presentation. Before of
the research study. Be creative and try to hook the attention
launching into the specific results of the study, take time to explain what the of the audience.
You canshows
graphic use pictures
overall.or It graphics
takes an as visuals afor
audience the introduction.
moment to orient themselves to
Statement of the Problem. Clearly
what they are viewing, and if you do not take time to helpand briefly state
them,thethey
main
willproblem
miss
and sub-problems in question form.
the important points you are making about the table or figure. Adding
Hypotheses.
photographs Although
of the results fromyouthedoexperimental
not have to and tell control
the audience
groupsyour formal
will help
hypothesis word for word, you must clearly describe
your audience even more to connect with your research study. your independent variable
and what measurements or correlations you were looking for in your dependent
variable. It is fine to use phrases that include the first person. Again, your
Analysis
visual andbe
should Conclusion
simple, using as few words as possible.
Objectives of the Study. Briefly state what you expect to achieve in the
Q4_STE_Research_II_Module 2.3
study Just likefrom
starting what theyoumain did in the tolast
objective paragraph
specific of the analysisPage
objectives. 5 of 17
and
conclusions sectionofintheyour
Significance paper,
Study. there
Briefly is a need
highlight to summarize
the possible your of
contributions
conclusions
the researchregarding
findings to yourtheresearch.
people and Remind the audience of the connection
the community.
you were seeking to make, and then describe how confident you are that
your research design produced reliable data that either supported, or did not
support, the relationship between the independent and dependent variable or
a Material
comparison between and the independent and dependent variable or a
Methods between two groups. Then explain how you reached that
comparison
Explain to the audience how you conducted the study. Provide the
conclusion.
details about Bethesure to talkused
methods about sothe
thatlimitations of thewill
your audience study as well as
understand howtheyou
factors that may have influenced the results and to speculate
collected data, what extraneous variables you kept constant, and the length of on what could
have
the been done to In
experiment. eliminate these factors.
your visual, Use these limitations
use photographs you tookidentified
during asyour
reasons to suggest additional and future researches
experiment to help this story. If your teacher or the judges allow it, bring in
parts of your experiment the day of your presentation and integrate them into
your explanation of how you collected data. Visuals for the materials and
Closure portion of the presentation might include photographs of the
methods
experimental setup and data collection and a simple table that describes your
Close your presentation by making a statement regarding the
experimental design.
relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable.
Give your quick summary
Q4_STE_Research_II_Module 2.3 of why the two are, or are not, linked. TellPage
your
4 of 17
audience how confident you are that the results supported this final analysis.
Share to the members of the audience why they should care about this
research study-its importance to the global community and how the
knowledge derived from the study can be used.
Different Forms of Presenting Research Project
There are various ways of presenting your research project. As a researcher,
you have to adept yourself on the different forms of presentations.

ORAL PRESENTATION

As defined in the preceeding pages, in an oral presentation, the

students present their research in front of the audience such as
classmates, teacher or the panel of judges. In addition, for most students,
the oral presentation is the most terrifying part of the entire science fair
experience. However, it is a very important part of the project because this
is the time to prove to your teacher and panel of judges that you were the
person who did the research work.

POSTER PRESENTATION

A poster presentation is just like the oral presentation however, in

a poster presentation the research poster will serve as the main visual
material instead of the multi-media presentation. For the National Science
and Technology Fair, it is usually conducted a day before the main oral
presentation. This is the one used during Intel ISEF Competitions.

SHORTENED PRESENTATION

A complete oral presentation is a very exhausting activity. To make

the presentation less stressful and more understandable for the general
audience, student researchers must be ready for a shortened
presentations. If the audience are interested to know more about the
research, they will just ask follow-up some questions.

Q4_STE_Research_II_Module 2.3
Page 6 of 17
Suggested Sequence and the Corresponding Visual Aids in
the Oral Presentation of Students’ Research Projects

Presentation Visual Aids Presentation Visual Aids

I. INTRODUCTION II. MATERIALS

1. Introduce yourself AND METHODS
and your school. -Picture, 1. Describe the -Flow chart of
2. Describe the diagram, table design of the the experiment
circumstances that or graph that experiment. which includes
suggested why did shows the 2. Describe the photographs you
you conduct the problem experimental took during your
study. -Table outlining procedure. experiment
3. State the main and similarities and 3. Explain the -Lay-outs,
sub-problems in differences methods of data schematic
question form. among research collection. diagrams or
4. Cite pertinent studies. 4. Describe how drawings
information on -Photos of the data were especially for
variables and previous experimental analyzed. inventions and
related research. subject or new products
5. State the research phenomena
hypotheses and -List of
objectives of the hypotheses and
study. objectives of the
study

Presentation Visual Aids

Presentation Visual Aids
IV. DISCUSSION-
III. RESULTS
CONCLUSION
1. Display the -Tables, figures
1. Summarize the -List of major results or product. and graphs of
major findings, findings each type of
2. Describe the
including support for data
results.
the research
-List of -Actual display
hypothesis.
improvements, or photographs
2. Give possible
recommendations or research
suggestions for topics and
improvement for applications
further study and
potential
applications.

Q4_STE_Research_II_Module 2.3 Page 7 of 17

 Engage

Activity 3 FOLLOW THE RIGHT PATH!

Directions: Complete the graphic organizer on the procedures in presenting the
research project. Use separate paper in answering.

START

MATERIAL AND METHODS

INTRODUCTION

1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3
4.
5.

DISCUSSION-CONCLUSION

1.

2. RESULTS

1.

2.

FINISH

Q4_STE_Research_II_Module 2.3 Page 8 of 17

Activity 4 ACT-LIKE A PRESENTER!
Directions: When you qualify for a division or regional/national science congress
or even in school class-based oral presentations, you must consider your
presentation as important as any other part of your project. Practice will make the
difference in how well you act-like a presenter before the judges. Answer the
activity below by constructing your possible answers to complete the oral
presentation. Use separate paper in answering.

1. Introduce yourself. Hello, my name is

2. Give the title of your project. The title of my project is

3. Explain the purpose of your project. The purpose of my project is

4. Tell the judges how you got interested in this topic. I am interested on this

research topic because

5. Explain your procedure. The procedure I followed was

6. Show your results. If you have charts, graphs, or a project data logbook, show

them to the judges and explain them. If results are shown on your backboard,

point them out. The results showed that

7. List your conclusions. Explain what you have proven. I conclude that

8. Tell the judges what you might do in the future to continue your

experimentation.

Some recommendations for this project are

9. Of what importance is your project to the world? Explain any applications.

My study is significant because

10. Thank the judges and prepare for the question-and-answer portion.

Q4_STE_Research_II_Module 2.3 Page 9 of 17

 Apply

Activity 5 MOCK ORAL PRESENTATION AND DEFENSE

Directions: Prepare for an oral presentation and defense using your research
project. This can be done individually or by group. It is now the time for you to
apply the principles and procedures in oral defense with the corresponding visuals
learn on this module.
Oral Presentation Rubrics
Name:
Research Topic:
Research Project Title:
(Linggas n.d)

CATEGORY 5   3-4   1-2 

Above Standards Meet Standards Approaches Standards

Posture, gestures, Unnatural posture, Posture, gestures,
and/or movement gestures, and/or and/or movement
Body Posture, are helpful and not movement are interfere with or detract
Gestures, and distracting. Stands noticeable but do not from the presentation
Movement straight and uses detract from the
purposeful presentation.
gestures and
movements.
Maintains Maintains eye contact Has very little or no eye
Eye Contact consistent eye with most of audience contact with audience.
contact with entire most of the time.
audience.
Speaks loudly and Speaks loudly enough Not heard by everyone;
Volume and comfortably to be to be heard by most speaks softly causing
Voice Projection heard by the entire audience members. some audience
audience. discomfort
Varies rate of
speech and Varies either rate or Varies neither rate nor
Rate and changes voice tone tone. tone. Varies neither
Intonation for natural effect rate nor tone.
throughout the
presentation.
Uses pauses Occasional fillers are Verbal fillers like um,
Pauses appropriately, not used but do not ah, or OK interfere with
interrupting quiet detract from the and detract from the
moments. presentation. presentation.

DELIVERY: _________/25 points

Q4_STE_Research_II_Module 2.3 Page 10 of 17

 5 3-4   1-2 
CATEGORY
Above Meet  Approaches 
Standards Standards Standards
Meets all of the criteria: Missing one Missing all three
Introduction provides (1) criterion. criteria.
Introduction brief but clear
description of the entity
studied, (2) brief but
clear descriptions of the
IV and DV, and (3) a brief
but clear statement of
the hypothesis or
research question.
The speaker follows a The speaker
Body and clear and logical attempts to use a The speaker is
Organizational organizational pattern. pattern of unorganized.
Pattern organization.

Meets both criteria:

Speaker offers (1) a clear
description of the
Research Design difference between the
control and experimental Missing one Missing the two
groups and, (2) clear criterion. criteria.
description of how
extraneous variables
were kept constant or
monitored.
Does not provide
Thoroughly explains how Briefly explains how clear details about
the research was the research was methods, causing
Methods completed and how data completed and how confusion in
were collected. data were collected. audience once
discussion of
results begins.

Fair explanation of
Data and Data are explained data and /or Poor explanation of
Results sufficiently and logically attempts to organize data and/or do not
in context with the results in context help audience
hypothesis or research with the research connect results to
question. question. research question.
Visuals poorly used.
Visuals either
Visuals were vital to the Choice of figures
detracted from the
presentation. Choice of was not
Visual Aids: presentation or
visuals was appropriate appropriately used
Graphical were not strong
to show data and results to drive discussion
Representation enough to
as well as the analysis of data and results
of Data contribute to
and conclusion. or the analysis and
discussion of data
conclusion.
and result or the
analysis and
conclusion.
 Analysis and Meets two or more of the Missing all three
Conclusion criteria: Presenter offers: criteria.

Page 11 of 17 (1) 2.3

Q4_STE_Research_II_Module clear conclusions
based on data, (2)
explanations of why the
results may have
occurred, and (3)
explanations of how the Missing two criteria.
experiment could be
improved.

Meets both criteria:

Presenter provides (1)
clear statement of
whether or not the
Closure: research questions were
Statement of supported by the data Missing one Missing both
Relationship of and (2) a statement of criterion. criteria.
IV and DV conclusions that can be
drawn about the
relationships between
the IV and DV.

Speaker is able to Speaker is unable

Speaker confidently answer most to answer
Questions answers questions from questions asked by questions from the
the teacher/ panel of the teacher/ panel teacher/ panel of
judges. of judges. judges.

CONTENT: _________/45 points

Points Earned:

I. Delivery - ____________/20

II. Content - ____________/45

Points Possible: 65
 Q4_STE_Research_II_Module 2.3 Page 12 of 17

Assess

Multiple Choice
Directions: Read and analyze each question carefully and write the letter of the
best answer on your paper.

1. After introducing yourself and your school, what should be the next step in the
oral presentation?
a. State the research hypothesis.
b. State the problem in question form.
c. Tell your audience how you became interested in the topic.
d. Cite pertinent information on variables and previous related research.

2. What is the final phase in judging investigatory projects?

a. Project Plan
b. Research Paper
c. Science Congress
d. Implementation of the Project

3. What should be included in the visual aids in stating the problems of the study?
a. Actual display
b. Flow chart of the study
c. Pictures showing the current situation
d. Tables outlining among research studies

4. What should be shown in the visual aids in describing the experimental

procedure?
a. Flow chart of the experiment
b. Table outlining the research study
c. Photographs of the treatment groups
d. Pictures/photos of the variables in the experiment

5. The following should be pointed out in discussing the data found on the table,
graph or diagram EXCEPT:
a. methods
b. implications
c. relationships
d. generalizations

6. ________________________ is just like the oral presentation with the research

poster serving as the main visual material.
a. Poster Presentation
b. Project Presentation
c. Research Presentation
d. Shortened Presentation
Q4_STE_Research_II_Module 2.3 Page 13 of 17

Q4_STE_Research_II_ Module 2.3 Page 14 of 18

7. A presentation where the students present their research in front of the audience
such as the panel of judges is called ____________.
a. Poster Presentation
b. Oral Presentation
c. Research Presentation
d. Shortened Presentation

8. What is the approximate time during oral presentation?

a. approx. 2 – 5 minutes
b. approx. 2 – 15 minutes
c. approx. 10 –20 minutes
d. approx. 15 –30 minutes

9. The _________________________ is solely dedicated to the questioning of the

audience and usually consumes more time than the oral presentation.
a. Oral Defense
b. Oral Presentation
c. Poster Presentation
d. Shortened Presentation
10. Which of the following is the correct procedure in an oral presentation?

I. Discussion III. Materials and Methods V. Results

II. Introduction IV. Conclusion

a. I, II, III, IV, V c. II, III, V, I, IV

b. II, III, IV, V, I d. I, II, III, V, IV

Q4_STE_Research_II_Module 2.3 Page 14 of 17

 Reflect

(Linggas n.d)

Directions: Reflect on what you can and cannot do at this stage. Write your
learning plan on how to further improve the things that you can already do and
how to overcome the things that you still need improvement.
Topic: Module No.: Date:

In this module, I improved the most in…

However, I feel difficulty in/to…

To overcome the things that I need to improve, I like to do the

following…

Q4_STE_Research_II_Module 2.3 Page 15 of 17

 Answer Key

Explore
Activity 1

Possible answers:

1. Present results
2. Persuade judges
3. Visual Aids
4. Science Fair/Congress
5. Question-and-Answer
6. All parts of research
(Introduction-
Conclusion)

Activity 2

1. Introduction
Assessment Engage 2. Table of Contents
3. Research Title/Problem
1. c Activity 3 4. Variable
2. c (dependent/independent)
3. c Evaluate students’ 5. hypothesis
4. a responses. 6. RRL (with URLs, author’s
5. a name)
6. a Activity 4 7. Experiments
7. b 8. Trials
Evaluate students’
8. b 9. Data Analysis
9. a responses
10. Methodology
10. c 11. Research Design
Apply 12. ISEF Forms
13. Summary
Evaluate students’ 14. Conclusions
mock oral 15. Recommendations
presentation using the Note: Answers may vary
standard rubric

Q4_STE_Research_II_Module 2.3 Page 16 of 17

References
Galang, Elson Ian Nyl E 2014. Road to ISEF: Practical Guide in Local Science Fairs.
Network of ISEF Alumni Philippines (NIAP).Harland, Darci J. 2011. STEM
Student Research Handbook. Arlington, Va.: National Science Teachers
Association.

Linggas, Reynolds L. “Young Researchers”. November 19, 2020.

Rabago, Lilia M., Crescencia C. Joaquin, and Juanita M. Cruz 2001. Research II: A
Guide to Investigatory Projects. Manila: Department of Science and
Technology-Science Education Institute
Salonga,Eugene.2021. Scribd.Com.
https://www.scribd.com/doc/228521918/Course-Syllabus-in-Research-II.

"Network Of ISEF Alumni Philippines". 2021. Sites.Google.Com.

https://sites.google.com/site/niaphil/.

2021.Sciencefair.Asp.Radford.Edu.
http://sciencefair.asp.radford.edu/rules/2016/Student%20Handbook.pdf.

2021. Deped.Gov.Ph.https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/
DM_s2018_134.pdf.

2021. Phy.Ilstu.Edu.
http://www.phy.ilstu.edu/ptefiles/302%20projects/oral_report.pdf.

2021. Cdse.Edu.
https://www.cdse.edu/documents/education/ED508samplesyllabus.pdf.

2021.Kumc.Edu. http://www.kumc.edu/Documents/mph/OralDefenseRubric.pdf.

Q4_STE_Research_II_Module 2.3
Page 17 of 17
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