VIII

ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE

A N I N T E R N AT I O N A L C O D E

RULES FOR Division 1

CONSTRUCTION OF
PRESSURE VESSELS

2000 Addenda
July 1, 2000

ASME BOILER AND

PRESSURE VESSEL
COMMITTEE
SUBCOMMITTEE ON
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PRESSURE VESSELS
NEW YORK, NEW YORK

Q081W0

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 IMPORTANT INFORMATION
ON THE 1998 BOILER AND
PRESSURE VESSEL CODE ADDENDA
DISTRIBUTION SCHEDULE

There is a change in the way the Addenda to the 1998 Edition of the ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code are distributed. The 1998 Edition, published July 1, 1998, incorpo-
rates the 1998 Addenda revisions, additions, or deletions. There will be no separate 1998
Addenda issued in a replacement page format. Two additional Addenda to the 1998
Edition, in the form of replacement pages, will be issued on July 1, 1999 and July 1, 2000.

The Summary of Changes published with the 1998 Edition lists and describes the revisions
that are part of the 1998 Addenda. These changes are identified with a margin note, 98,
denoting the affected area.

The Addenda for 1999 and 2000 will also have a Summary of Changes and identifiers
printed on the replacement pages. The revisions, additions, or deletions will be incorporated
directly into the affected pages. It is advisable to retain the title sheets and all replaced
pages for reference.

The effective dates for Code Editions and Addenda are described in the Foreword.

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,

in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

Copyright © 2000 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.

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 Date of Issue — July 1, 1998
(Includes all Addenda dated December 1997 and earlier)

This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The
Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned
interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment
which provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned
in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable
Letters Patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of
any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.
Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or
industry endorsement of this code or standard.
ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations issued in accordance with governing ASME procedures and policies
which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers.

The footnotes in this document are part of this American National Standard.

ASME collective membership mark

The above ASME symbols are registered in the U.S. Patent Office.
“ASME” is the trademark of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 56-3934

Printed in the United States of America

Adopted by the Council of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1914.

Revised 1940, 1941, 1943, 1946, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1965, 1968, 1971, 1974, 1977, 1980, 1983, 1986,
1989, 1992, 1995, 1998

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

Copyright © 1998 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved

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 1998 ASME
BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE
A99 SECTIONS
I Rules for Construction of Power Boilers
II Materials
Part A — Ferrous Material Specifications
Part B — Nonferrous Material Specifications
Part C — Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals
Part D — Properties
III Subsection NCA — General Requirements for Division 1 and Division 2
III Division 1
Subsection NB — Class 1 Components
Subsection NC — Class 2 Components
Subsection ND — Class 3 Components
Subsection NE — Class MC Components
Subsection NF — Supports
Subsection NG — Core Support Structures
Subsection NH — Class 1 Components in Elevated Temperature Service
Appendices
III Division 2 — Code for Concrete Reactor Vessels and Containments
III Division 3 — Containment Systems for Storage and Transport Packagings of Spent Nuclear Fuel
and High Level Radioactive Material and Waste
IV Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers
V Nondestructive Examination
VI Recommended Rules for the Care and Operation of Heating Boilers
VII Recommended Guidelines for the Care of Power Boilers
VIII Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
Division 1
Division 2 — Alternative Rules
Division 3 — Alternative Rules for Construction of High Pressure Vessels
IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications
X Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels
XI Rules for Inservice Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components

ADDENDA
Colored-sheet Addenda, which include additions and revisions to individual Sections of the Code, are
published annually and will be sent automatically to purchasers of the applicable Sections up to the
publication of the 2001 Code. The 1998 Code is available only in the loose-leaf format; accordingly,
the Addenda will be issued in the loose-leaf, replacement-page format.

INTERPRETATIONS
ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretation of technical aspects of the Code.
The Interpretations for each individual Section will be published separately and will be included as
part of the update service to that Section. They will be issued semiannually (July and December) up
to the publication of the 2001 Code. Interpretations of Section III, Divisions 1 and 2, will be included
with the update service to Subsection NCA.

CODE CASES
The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee meets regularly to consider proposed additions and revisions
to the Code and to formulate Cases to clarify the intent of existing requirements or provide, when the
need is urgent, rules for materials or constructions not covered by existing Code rules. Those Cases
which have been adopted will appear in the appropriate 1998 Code Cases book: (1) Boilers and Pressure
Vessels and (2) Nuclear Components. Supplements will be sent automatically to the purchasers of the
Code Cases books up to the publication of the 2001 Code.

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 PART UG A00

UG-1 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Materials
UG-4 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
UG-5 Plate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
UG-6 Forgings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
UG-7 Castings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
UG-8 Pipe and Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
UG-9 Welding Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
UG-10 Material Identified With or Produced to a Specification Not Permitted by
This Division, and Material Not Fully Identified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
UG-11 Prefabricated or Preformed Pressure Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
UG-12 Bolts and Studs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
UG-13 Nuts and Washers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
UG-14 Rods and Bars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
UG-15 Product Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Design
UG-16 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
UG-17 Methods of Fabrication in Combination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
UG-18 Materials in Combination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
UG-19 Special Constructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
UG-20 Design Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
UG-21 Design Pressure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
UG-22 Loadings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
UG-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.1
UG-24 Castings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
UG-25 Corrosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
UG-26 Linings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
UG-27 Thickness of Shells Under Internal Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
UG-28 Thickness of Shells and Tubes Under External Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
UG-29 Stiffening Rings for Cylindrical Shells Under External Pressure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
UG-30 Attachment of Stiffening Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
UG-31 Tubes, and Pipe When Used as Tubes or Shells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
UG-32 Formed Heads, and Sections, Pressure on Concave Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
UG-33 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
UG-34 Unstayed Flat Heads and Covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
UG-35 Other Types of Closures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

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 Openings and Reinforcements
UG-36 Openings in Pressure Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
UG-37 Reinforcement Required for Openings in Shells and Formed Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
UG-38 Flued Openings in Shells and Formed Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
UG-39 Reinforcement Required for Openings in Flat Heads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
UG-40 Limits of Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
UG-41 Strength of Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
UG-42 Reinforcement of Multiple Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
UG-43 Methods of Attachment of Pipe and Nozzle Necks to Vessel Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
UG-44 Flanges and Pipe Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
UG-45 Nozzle Neck Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
UG-46 Inspection Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Braced and Stayed Surfaces

UG-47 Braced and Stayed Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
UG-48 Staybolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
UG-49 Location of Staybolts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
UG-50 Dimensions of Staybolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Ligaments
UG-53 Ligaments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
UG-54 Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
UG-55 Lugs for Platforms, Ladders, and Other Attachments to Vessel Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Fabrication
UG-75 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
UG-76 Cutting Plates and Other Stock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
UG-77 Material Identification (See UG-85) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
UG-78 Repair of Defects in Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
UG-79 Forming Shell Sections and Heads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
UG-80 Permissible Out-of-Roundness of Cylindrical, Conical, and Spherical Shells . . . . . . . 67
UG-81 Tolerance for Formed Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
UG-82 Lugs and Fitting Attachments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
UG-83 Holes for Screw Stays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
UG-84 Charpy Impact Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
UG-85 Heat Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Inspection and Tests

UG-90 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
UG-91 The Inspector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
UG-92 Access for Inspector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
UG-93 Inspection of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
UG-94 Marking on Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
UG-95 Examination of Surfaces During Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
UG-96 Dimensional Check of Component Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
UG-97 Inspection During Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
UG-98 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
UG-99 Standard Hydrostatic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
UG-100 Pneumatic Test (See UW-50) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

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 FOREWORD

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers set progresses and expects engineers to use good judgment
up a committee in 1911 for the purpose of formulating in the application of these tools. The designer is respon-
standard rules for the construction of steam boilers and sible for complying with Code rules and demonstrating
other pressure vessels. This committee is now called compliance with Code equations when such equations
the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee. are mandatory. The Code neither requires nor prohibits
The Committee’s function is to establish rules deemed the use of computers for the design or analysis of
necessary for the new construction1 of pressure vessels components constructed to the requirements of the
that will perform in a safe and reliable manner, and Code. However, designers and engineers using computer
to interpret these rules when questions arise regarding programs for design or analysis are cautioned that they
their intent. With few exceptions, the rules do not, of are responsible for all technical assumptions inherent
practical necessity, reflect the likelihood and conse- in the programs they use and they are responsible for
quences of deterioration in service related to specific the application of these programs to their design.
service fluids or external operating environments. Rec- The Code does not fully address tolerances. When
ognizing this, the Committee has approved a wide dimensions, sizes, or other parameters are not specified
variety of construction1 rules in this Section to allow with tolerances, the values of these parameters are
the user or his designee to select those which will considered nominal and allowable tolerances or local
provide a pressure vessel having a margin for deteriora- variances may be considered acceptable when based
tion in service so as to give a reasonably long, safe on engineering judgment and standard practices as
period of usefulness. Accordingly, it is not intended determined by the designer.
that this Section be used as a design handbook; rather, The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee deals
engineering judgment must be employed in the selection with the care and inspection of boilers and pressure
of those sets of Code rules suitable to any specific vessels in service only to the extent of providing
service or need. suggested rules of good practice as an aid to owners
This Code contains mandatory requirements, specific and their inspectors.
prohibitions, and nonmandatory guidance for construc- The rules established by the Committee are not to
tion1 activities. The Code does not address all aspects be interpreted as approving, recommending, or endors-
of these activities and those aspects which are not ing any proprietary or specific design or as limiting
specifically addressed should not be considered prohib- in any way the manufacturer’s freedom to choose any
ited. The Code is not a handbook and cannot replace method of design or any form of construction that
education, experience, and the use of engineering judg- conforms to the Code rules.
ment. The phrase engineering judgment refers to techni- The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee meets
cal judgments made by knowledgeable designers experi- regularly to consider revisions of the rules, new rules
enced in the application of the Code. Engineering as dictated by technological development, Code Cases,
judgments must be consistent with Code philosophy and requests for interpretations. Only the Boiler and
and such judgments must never be used to overrule Pressure Vessel Committee has the authority to provide
mandatory requirements or specific prohibitions of official interpretations of this Code. Requests for revi-
the Code. sions, new rules, Code Cases, or interpretations shall
The Committee recognizes that tools and techniques be addressed to the Secretary in writing and shall give
used for design and analysis change as technology full particulars in order to receive consideration and
action (see Mandatory Appendix covering preparation
1 Construction,
of technical inquiries). Proposed revisions to the Code
as used in this Foreword, is an all-inclusive term
comprising materials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, resulting from inquiries will be presented to the Main
testing, certification, and pressure relief. Committee for appropriate action. The action of the

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 Main Committee becomes effective only after confirma- The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee in the
tion by letter ballot of the Committee and approval by formulation of its rules and in the establishment of
ASME. maximum design and operating pressures considers
Proposed revisions to the Code approved by the materials, construction, methods of fabrication, inspec-
Committee are submitted to the American National tion, and safety devices. Permission may be granted
Standards Institute and published in Mechanical Engi- to regulatory bodies and organizations publishing safety
neering to invite comments from all interested persons. standards to use a complete Section of the Code by
After the allotted time for public review and final reference. If usage of a Section, such as Section IX,
approval by ASME, revisions are published annually involves exceptions, omissions, or changes in provisions,
in Addenda to the Code. the intent of the Code might not be attained.
Code Cases may be used in the construction of Where a state or other regulatory body, in the printing
components to be stamped with the ASME Code symbol of any Section of the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,
beginning with the date of their approval by ASME. makes additions or omissions, it is recommended that
After Code revisions are approved by ASME, they such changes be clearly indicated.
may be used beginning with the date of issuance shown The National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel
on the Addenda. Revisions, except for revisions to Inspectors is composed of chief inspectors of states
material specifications in Section II, Parts A and B, and municipalities in the United States and of provinces
become mandatory 6 months after such date of issuance, in Canada that have adopted the Boiler and Pressure
except for boilers or pressure vessels contracted for Vessel Code. This Board, since its organization in 1919,
prior to the end of the 6 month period. Revisions to has functioned to uniformly administer and enforce the
material specifications are originated by the American rules of the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. The
Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and other cooperation of that organization with the Boiler and
recognized national or international organizations, and Pressure Vessel Committee has been extremely helpful.
are usually adopted by ASME. However, those revisions The Code Committee does not rule on whether a
may or may not have any effect on the suitability of component shall or shall not be constructed to the
provisions of the Code. The Scope of each Section
material, produced to earlier editions of specifications,
has been established to identify the components and
for use in ASME construction. ASME material specifi-
parameters considered by the Committee in formulating
cations approved for use in each construction Code are
the Code rules. Laws or regulations issued by municipal-
listed in the Appendices of Section II, Parts A and B.
ity, state, provincial, federal, or other enforcement or
These Appendices list, for each specification, the latest
regulatory bodies having jurisdiction at the location of
edition adopted by ASME, and earlier and later editions
an installation establish the mandatory applicability of
considered by ASME to be identical for ASME con-
the Code rules, in whole or in part, within their
struction.
jurisdiction. Those laws or regulations may require the
Manufacturers and users of components are cautioned
use of this Code for vessels or components not consid-
against making use of revisions and Cases that are less
ered to be within its Scope or may establish additions or
restrictive than former requirements without having deletions in that Scope. Accordingly, inquiries regarding
assurance that they have been accepted by the proper such laws or regulations are to be directed to the
authorities in the jurisdiction where the component is issuing enforcement or regulatory body.
to be installed. Questions or issues regarding compliance of a specific
Each state and municipality in the United States and component with the Code rules are to be directed to
each province in Canada that adopts or accepts one or the ASME Certificate Holder (Manufacturer). Inquiries
more Sections of the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code concerning the interpretation of the Code are to be
is invited to appoint a representative to act on the directed to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Conference Committee to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee. ASME is to be notified should questions
Committee. Since the members of the Conference Com- arise concerning improper use of an ASME Code
mittee are in active contact with the administration and symbol.
enforcement of the rules, the requirements for inspection The specifications for materials given in Section II
in this Code correspond with those in effect in their are identical with or similar to those of specifications
respective jurisdictions. The required qualifications for published by ASTM, AWS, and other recognized na-
an Authorized Inspector under these rules may be tional or international organizations. When reference is
obtained from the administrative authority of any state, made in an ASME material specification to a non-
municipality, or province which has adopted these rules. ASME specification for which a companion ASME

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 specification exists, the reference shall be interpreted meet ASME requirements and which may be used in
as applying to the ASME material specification. Not Code construction. Material produced to an acceptable
all materials included in the material specifications in specification with requirements different from the re-
Section II have been adopted for Code use. Usage is quirements of the corresponding specifications listed in
limited to those materials and grades adopted by at Appendix A of Part A or Part B may also be used
least one of the other Sections of the Code for applica- in accordance with the above, provided the material
tion under rules of that Section. All materials allowed manufacturer or vessel manufacturer certifies with evi-
by these various Sections and used for construction dence acceptable to the Authorized Inspector that the
within the scope of their rules shall be furnished in corresponding requirements of specifications listed in
Appendix A of Part A or Part B have been met.
accordance with material specifications contained in
Material produced to an acceptable material specification
Section II or referenced in Appendices A of Section
is not limited as to country of origin.
II, Parts A and B except where otherwise provided in
When required by context in this Section, the singular
Code Cases or in the applicable Section of the Code. shall be interpreted as the plural, and vice-versa; and
Materials covered by these specifications are acceptable the feminine, masculine, or neuter gender shall be
for use in items covered by the Code Sections only treated as such other gender as appropriate.
to the degree indicated in the applicable Section. Materi- Publication of the SI (Metric) Edition of the ASME
als for Code use should preferably be ordered, produced, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code was discontinued with
and documented on this basis; Appendix A to Section the 1986 Edition. Effective October 1, 1986, the SI
II, Part A and Appendix A to Section II, Part B list Edition was withdrawn as an ASME Boiler and Pressure
editions of ASME and year dates of specifications that Vessel Code document.

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COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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 STATEMENT OF POLICY
ON THE USE OF CODE SYMBOLS AND
CODE AUTHORIZATION IN ADVERTISING

ASME has established procedures to authorize quali- “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, or activity
fied organizations to perform various activities in ac- and there shall be no statements or implications which
cordance with the requirements of the ASME Boiler might so indicate. An organization holding a Code
and Pressure Vessel Code. It is the aim of the Society Symbol and /or a Certificate of Authorization may state
to provide recognition of organizations so authorized. in advertising literature that items, constructions, or
An organization holding authorization to perform vari- activities “are built (produced or performed) or activities
ous activities in accordance with the requirements of conducted in accordance with the requirements of the
the Code may state this capability in its advertising ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,” or “meet
literature. the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Organizations that are authorized to use Code Symbols Vessel Code.”
for marking items or constructions which have been con- The ASME Symbol shall be used only for stamping
structed and inspected in compliance with the ASME and nameplates as specifically provided in the Code.
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code are issued Certificates of However, facsimiles may be used for the purpose of
Authorization. It is the aim of the Society to maintain the fostering the use of such construction. Such usage may
standing of the Code Symbols for the benefit of the users, be by an association or a society, or by a holder of a Code
the enforcement jurisdictions, and the holders of the sym- Symbol who may also use the facsimile in advertising to
bols who comply with all requirements. show that clearly specified items will carry the symbol.
Based on these objectives, the following policy has General usage is permitted only when all of a manufactur-
been established on the usage in advertising of facsimiles er’s items are constructed under the rules.
of the symbols, Certificates of Authorization, and refer- The ASME logo, which is the cloverleaf with the
ence to Code construction. The American Society of letters ASME within, shall not be used by any organiza-
Mechanical Engineers does not “approve,” “certify,” tion other than ASME.

STATEMENT OF POLICY
ON THE USE OF ASME MARKING
TO IDENTIFY MANUFACTURED ITEMS

The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code provides not constructed in accordance with all of the applicable
rules for the construction of boilers, pressure vessels, and requirements of the Code.
nuclear components. This includes requirements for mate- Items shall not be described on ASME Data Report
rials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, and Forms nor on similar forms referring to ASME which
stamping. Items constructed in accordance with all of the tend to imply that all Code requirements have been
applicable rules of the Code are identified with the official met when, in fact, they have not been. Data Report
Code Symbol Stamp described in the governing Section of Forms covering items not fully complying with ASME
the Code. requirements should not refer to ASME or they should
Markings such as “ASME,” “ASME Standard,” or clearly identify all exceptions to the ASME require-
any other marking including “ASME” or the various ments.
Code Symbols shall not be used on any item which is

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COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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 PERSONNEL A99
A00
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee
Subcommittees, Subgroups, and Working Groups
As of January 1, 2000
MAIN COMMITTEE CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
D. E. Tanner — Tennessee D. J. Jenkins — Kansas
D. A. Canonico, Chair W. M. Lundy
(Chair) M. Kotb — Quebec, Canada
G. G. Karcher, Vice Chair J. R. MacKay
R. D. Reetz — North Dakota J. P. Larson — Minnesota
J. S. Brzuszkiewicz, Secretary T. G. McCarty
(Vice Chair) K. T. Lau — Alberta, Canada
R. W. Barnes G. C. Millman
A. J. Justin — Ohio (Secretary) J. Lemire — California
F. P. Barton R. A. Moen
R. J. Aben, Jr. — Michigan W. C. Lundine — Oregon
D. L. Berger P. A. Molvie
J. S. Aclaro — Los Angeles, S. E. Lyons — Arkansas
M. D. Bernstein C. C. Neely
California M. A. Malek — Florida
M. N. Bressler T. P. Pastor
E. A. Anderson — Chicago, Il- G. F. Mankel — Alaska
P. J. Conlisk C. J. Pieper
linois I. W. Mault — Manitoba,
R. E. Feigel R. F. Reedy
J. Anderson — South Dakota Canada
J. G. Feldstein B. W. Roberts
R. Barkdoll — Washington H. T. McEwen — Mississippi
R. E. Gimple F. J. Schaaf, Jr.
R. Barlett — Arizona A. W. Meiring — Indiana
M. Gold A. Selz
F. P. Barton — Virginia R. Mile — Ontario, Canada
O. F. Hedden K. K. Tam
M. Bishop — British Columbia, T. J. Monroe — Oklahoma
A. J. Justin D. E. Tanner
Canada M. F. Mooney — Massachu-
D. F. Landers
D. E. Burns — Nebraska setts
C. Castle — Nova Scotia, Y. Nagpaul — Hawaii
Canada J. D. Payton — Pennsylvania
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (MAIN COMMITTEE)
R. R. Cate — Louisiana D. K. Peetz — Missouri
G. G. Karcher, Chair M. Gold L. Chase — Northwest Territo- M. R. Peterson — Alaska
D. A. Canonico, Vice Chair O. F. Hedden ries, Canada D. C. Price — Yukon Territory,
J. S. Brzuszkiewicz, Secretary A. J. Justin R. A. Coomes — Kentucky Canada
J. G. Feldstein T. P. Pastor J. Corcoran — Connecticut R. S. Pucek — Wisconsin
M. H. Diehl, Jr. — Maryland C. D. Redmond — Michigan
D. A. Douin — Illinois T. E. Rennie — Arizona
HONORARY MEMBERS (MAIN COMMITTEE) D. Eastman — Newfoundland D. E. Ross — New Brunswick,
and Labrador, Canada Canada
R. D. Bonner E. J. Hemzy G. L. Ebeyer — New Orleans, M. Shuff — West Virginia
R. J. Bosnak E. C. Kistner, Jr. Louisiana N. Surtees — Saskatchewan,
H. M. Canavan J. E. Lattan E. Everett — Georgia Canada
L. J. Chockie J. LeCoff P. C. Hackford — Utah M. J. Verhagen — Wisconsin
J. S. Clarke F. N. Moschini D. H. Hanrath — North Car- R. B. West — Iowa
W. E. Cooper W. E. Somers olina M. J. Wheel — Vermont
W. D. Doty L. P. Zick, Jr. J. B. Harlan — Delaware R. K. White — New York
R. C. Griffin K. Hynes — Prince Edward T. F. Wickham — Rhode Island
Island, Canada C. S. Withers — Colorado
D. T. Jagger — Ohio
HONORS AND AWARDS COMMITTEE
SUBCOMMITTEE ON POWER BOILERS (SC I)
J. R. MacKay, Chair M. Gold
A. J. Spencer, Vice Chair F. E. Gregor J. R. MacKay, Chair W. L. Lowry
M. R. Argenziano, Secretary D. P. Jones M. D. Bernstein, Vice Chair T. C. McGough
F. P. Barton E. C. Kistner, Jr. P. D. Stumpf, Secretary R. E. McLaughlin
M. D. Bernstein T. P. Pastor D. L. Berger P. A. Molvie
J. G. Feldstein C. J. Pieper E. Everett D. K. Parrish
D. N. French J. T. Pillow
F. R. Gerety R. G. Presnak
MARINE CONFERENCE GROUP J. Hainsworth B. W. Roberts
T. E. Hansen R. D. Schueler, Jr.
J. Tiratto, Chair J. L. Jones J. S. Hunter R. V. Wielgoszinski
L. W. Douthwaite G. F. Wright C. F. Jeerings R. L. Williams

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 Subgroup on Design (SC I) Subgroup on External Pressure (SC II)

M. D. Bernstein, Chair C. F. Jeerings R. W. Mikitka, Chair M. Katcher

R. D. Schueler, Jr., Vice Chair K. C. Morrison B. R. Morelock, Secretary E. Michalopoulos
P. A. Molvie, Secretary N. Surtees D. C. Agarwal D. Nadel
M. L. Coats R. V. Wielgoszinski D. J. Green C. E. Spaeder, Jr.
J. D. Fishburn D. S. Griffin C. H. Sturgeon

Subgroup on Ferrous Specifications (SC II)

Subgroup on Fabrication and Examination (SC I)
E. G. Nisbett, Chair W. C. Mack
D. L. Berger, Chair J. M. Lyons B. M. Dingman A. S. Melilli
R. E. McLaughlin, Secretary J. R. MacKay T. Graham J. T. Parsons
R. W. Boyce J. T. Pillow W. N. Holliday E. Upitis
D. N. French M. E. Reese D. A. Jackson R. Zawierucha
J. Hainsworth B. W. Roberts D. C. Krouse A. W. Zeuthen
T. E. Hansen R. D. Schueler, Jr. J. F. Longenecker R. H. Zong
M. H. Iken
Subgroup on International Material Specifications (SC II)

Subgroup on General Requirements (SC I) J. T. Parsons, Chair M. H. Iken

R. R. Seeley, Secretary W. M. Lundy
T. C. McGough, Chair C. F. Jeerings D. C. Agarwal H. Masahisa
M. D. Bernstein, Vice Chair J. M. Lyons J. Cameron F. Osweiller
W. L. Lowry, Secretary R. E. McLaughlin W. D. Doty R. D. Schueler, Jr.
D. L. Berger D. K. Parrish D. M. Fryer R. C. Soin
E. Everett J. T. Pillow J. P. Glaspie E. A. Steen
F. R. Gerety W. E. Somers M. Gold E. Upitis
J. Hainsworth R. L. Williams
Subgroup on Nonferrous Alloys (SC II)

Subgroup on Materials (SC I) D. W. Rahoi, Chair B. Heuer

D. C. Agarwal, Secretary G. C. Hsu
B. W. Roberts, Chair J. P. Libbrecht W. R. Apblett, Jr. M. Katcher
C. E. Spaeder, Jr., Chair F. Masuyama L. G. Coffee A. G. Kireta, Jr.
J. S. Hunter, Secretary J. M. Tanzosh A. Cohen E. Shapiro
D. N. French H. N. Titer, Jr. R. Dirscherl L. E. Shoemaker
J. F. Henry M. H. Gilkey R. C. Sutherlin

Subgroup on Strength, Ferrous Alloys (SC II)

Subgroup on Piping (SC I)
B. W. Roberts, Chair F. Masuyama
T. E. Hansen, Chair W. L. Lowry J. M. Tanzosh, Secretary R. A. Moen
D. L. Berger T. C. McGough W. R. Apblett, Jr. D. W. Rahoi
M. D. Bernstein R. G. Presnak M. Gold C. E. Spaeder, Jr.
P. D. Edwards E. Whittle J. J. Heger R. W. Swindeman
M. H. Iken C. L. Hoffmann B. E. Thurgood

Subgroup on Strength of Weldments (SC II & SC IX)

SUBCOMMITTEE ON MATERIALS (SC II)
C. E. Spaeder, Jr., Chair B. W. Roberts
M. Gold, Chair G. C. Hsu C. Robino, Secretary W. J. Sperko
R. A. Moen, Vice Chair F. Masuyama W. D. Doty J. M. Tanzosh
N. Lobo, Secretary R. K. Nanstad D. W. Rahoi
A. P. Ahrendt E. G. Nisbett
W. R. Apblett, Jr. J. T. Parsons
Subgroup on Toughness (SC II)
M. N. Bressler D. W. Rahoi
J. Cameron B. W. Roberts W. S. Jacobs, Chair J. L. Mooney
W. D. Doty E. Shapiro R. J. Basile C. C. Neely
D. W. Gandy C. E. Spaeder, Jr. J. Cameron T. T. Phillips
M. H. Gilkey R. W. Swindeman W. D. Doty M. D. Rana
J. J. Heger J. M. Tanzosh H. E. Gordon J. W. Stokes
J. F. Henry R. S. Vecchio G. B. Komora E. Upitis
C. L. Hoffmann K. Mokhtarian

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 SUBCOMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR POWER (SC III) Working Group on Component Supports (SG-D) (SC III)

C. J. Pieper, Chair D. H. Hanrath R. P. Deubler, Chair A. S. Laurenson

R. M. Jessee, Vice Chair R. S. Hill III R. M. Dulin, Jr., Secretary A. Lee
C. A. Sanna, Secretary C. L. Hoffmann U. S. Bandyopadhyay R. J. Masterson
Y. Asada K.-H. Hsu F. J. Birch A. N. Nguyen
R. W. Barnes C. C. Kim J. R. Cole I. Saito
W. H. Borter D. F. Landers J. C. Finneran, Jr. J. R. Stinson
E. B. Branch W. C. LaRochelle J. C. Hennart
M. N. Bressler W. N. McLean
F. C. Cherny R. A. Moen
G. D. Cooper D. B. Nickerson
R. P. Deubler R. F. Perrin Working Group on Core Support Structures (SG-D) (SC III)
W. D. Doty R. F. Reedy
F. R. Drahos B. B. Scott R. H. Hansen J. F. Mullooly
K. Ennis M. W. Smith K. B. Larsen B. L. Silverblatt
B. A. Erler J. D. Stevenson
G. M. Foster K. R. Wichman

Working Group on Dynamic and Extreme Load Conditions

(SG-D) (SC III)
Subgroup on Containment Systems for Spent Fuel
and High-Level Waste Transport Packagings (SC III)
D. L. Caldwell, Chair M. Hartzman
G. M. Foster, Chair T. J. Neider P. L. Anderson, Secretary W. S. LaPay
G. J. Solovey, Vice Chair R. E. Nickell M. K. Au-Yang H. Lockert
W. H. Borter D. J. Nolan R. D. Blevins A. E. Meligi
H. H. Chung D. T. Raske P.-Y. Chen P. R. Olson
J. T. Conner T. Saegusa A. Hadjian R. F. Perry
R. R. Doggart R. H. Smith
E. L. Farrow K. B. Sorenson
K. Goldmann J. D. Stevenson
Working Group on Piping (SG-D) (SC III)
D. R. Heath C. J. Temus
R. H. Jones P. Turula
R. S. Hill III, Chair K. A. Manoly
W. H. Lake N. Urabe
P. Hirschberg, Secretary J. C. Minichiello
H. W. Lee C. R. Witt
T. M. Adams S. E. Moore
P. McConnell S. Yukawa
G. A. Antaki A. N. Nguyen
J. R. Cole O. O. Oyamada
A. B. Glickstein R. D. Patel
Subgroup on Design (SC III) R. W. Haupt E. C. Rodabaugh
J. C. Hennart J. R. Santangelo
R. W. Barnes, Chair B. Jarman
R. D. Hookway M. S. Sills
E. B. Branch, Vice Chair R. I. Jetter
R. B. Jenkins G. C. Slagis
A. N. Nguyen, Secretary J. T. Land
D. F. Landers E. A. Wais
T. M. Adams D. F. Landers
Y. Asada W. N. McLean
M. N. Bressler J. C. Minichiello
C. W. Bruny D. B. Nickerson Working Group on Pumps (SG-D) (SC III)
J. R. Cole W. Z. Novak
G. D. Cooper E. C. Rodabaugh R. E. Cornman, Jr., Chair J. W. Leavitt
R. E. Cornman, Jr. I. Saito H. L. Brammer J. E. Livingston
R. P. Deubler J. R. Santangelo P. Burchett D. B. Nickerson
R. E. Gimple G. C. Slagis A. A. Fraser R. A. Schussler
D. H. Hanrath J. D. Stevenson M. Higuchi H. Tafarrodi
R. S. Hill III K. R. Wichman G. R. Jones G. K. Vaghasia

Working Group on Administration (SG-D) (SC III)

Working Group on Valves (SG-D) (SC III)
E. B. Branch, Chair D. F. Landers
R. W. Barnes, Vice Chair W. N. McLean W. N. McLean, Chair S. N. Shields
R. S. Hill III, Secretary D. B. Nickerson E. A. Bake H. R. Sonderegger
C. W. Bruny W. Z. Novak R. R. Brodin J. C. Tsacoyeanes
R. P. Deubler J. R. Santangelo R. Koester R. G. Visalli
J. T. Land J. D. Page

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 Working Group on Vessels (SG-D) (SC III) JOINT ACI-ASME COMMITTEE ON
CONCRETE COMPONENTS FOR NUCLEAR SERVICE (SC 3C)
C. W. Bruny, Chair K. A. Manoly
G. D. Cooper D. E. Matthews
B. B. Scott, Chair D. J. Haavik
G. A. Deaver A. Merend
M. F. Hessheimer, Vice Chair D. C. Jeng
D. H. Hanrath G. K. Miller
C. A. Sanna, Secretary T. E. Johnson
W. J. Heilker W. Z. Novak
J. P. Allen III N.-H. Lee
A. Kalnins E. Pelling
J. F. Artuso S. F. Putman
T. M. Khan H. S. Thornton
R. M. Attar R. E. Shewmaker
O. Maekawa
A. C. Eberhardt J. D. Stevenson
B. A. Erler A. Y. Wong
Special Working Group on Environmental Effects (SG-D) (SC III)
W. Z. Novak, Chair C. L. Hoffmann
Y. Asada R. A. Moen
SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEATING BOILERS (SC IV)
W. J. Heilker S. Yukawa
R. S. Hill III
F. P. Barton, Chair R. I. Mullican
P. A. Molvie, Vice Chair E. A. Nordstrom
Special Working Group on Seismic Piping Rules (SG-D) (SC III) M. R. Argenziano, Secretary J. L. Seigle
R. B. Duggan D. E. Tanner
E. B. Branch, Chair V. Matzen
W. L. Haag, Jr. S. V. Voorhees
T. M. Adams J. C. Minichiello
W. M. Hiddleston R. H. Weigel
G. A. Antaki M. S. Sills
J. D. Hoh R. V. Wielgoszinski
T. Isogai E. A. Wais
D. H. Mapes J. I. Woodworth
H. Kobayashi T. Yamazaki
K. M. McTague

Subgroup on General Requirements (SC III & SC 3C)

W. C. LaRochelle, Chair M. R. Minick
Subgroup on Care and Operation of Heating Boilers (SC IV)
K. Ennis, Secretary R. F. Perrin
A. Appleton B. B. Scott
B. H. Berg D. E. Tanner J. I. Woodworth, Chair P. A. Molvie
C. Lizotte D. M. Vickery M. R. Argenziano, Secretary R. I. Mullican
M. J. Meyer D. V. Walshe K. J. Hoey R. H. Weigel
R. Mile J. D. Hoh T. F. Wickham
K. M. McTague

Subgroup on Materials, Fabrication, and Examination (SC III)

C. L. Hoffmann, Chair R. M. Jessee
G. P. Milley, Secretary C. C. Kim Subgroup on Cast Iron Boilers (SC IV)
C. W. Allison R. A. Moen
B. H. Berg H. Murakami K. M. McTague, Chair T. F. Wickham
W. H. Borter C. J. Pieper R. B. Duggan J. I. Woodworth
D. Doyle N. M. Simpson R. H. Weigel
F. R. Drahos R. C. Soin
G. M. Foster W. J. Sperko
G. B. Georgiev K. B. Stuckey
J. E. Harris S. Yukawa Subgroup on Water Heaters (SC IV)
R. W. Jackson
W. L. Haag, Jr., Chair R. I. Mullican
T. D. Gantt D. Smith
Subgroup on Pressure Relief (SC III)
W. M. Hiddleston D. E. Tanner
F. C. Cherny, Chair M. W. Smith F. M. Lucas M. A. Taylor
S. F. Harrison, Jr. A. L. Szeglin K. M. McTague T. E. Trant
E. M. Petrosky B. S. York

Special Working Group on Editing and Review (SC III)

Subgroup on Welded Boilers (SC IV)
R. F. Reedy, Chair D. H. Hanrath
W. H. Borter W. C. LaRochelle P. A. Molvie, Chair J. L. Seigle
M. N. Bressler M. W. Smith T. L. Bedeaux R. P. Sullivan
R. P. Deubler J. D. Stevenson D. H. Mapes D. E. Tanner
B. A. Erler E. A. Nordstrom R. V. Wielgoszinski

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 SUBCOMMITTEE ON SUBCOMMITTEE ON PRESSURE VESSELS (SC VIII)
NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION (SC V)
T. P. Pastor, Chair J. C. Keenan
T. G. McCarty, Chair O. F. Hedden K. Mokhtarian, Vice Chair G. B. Komora
J. E. Batey, Vice Chair G. W. Hembree A. J. Roby, Secretary K. T. Lau
E. H. Maradiaga, Secretary F. B. Kovacs V. Bogosian R. W. Mikitka
S. J. Akrin R. W. Kruzic R. W. Boyce U. R. Miller
A. S. Birks J. F. Manning S. M. Caldwell C. C. Neely
B. H. Clark, Jr. W. C. McGaughey S. C. Cyr M. D. Rana
W. T. Clayton R. D. McGuire R. M. Elliott K. J. Schneider
R. A. Coomes F. J. Sattler J. R. Farr A. Selz
N. Y. Faransso E. F. Summers, Jr. R. E. Feigel J. R. Sims, Jr.
H. C. Graber J. G. Feldstein A. J. Spencer
G. L. Hollinger E. A. Steen
M. J. Houle K. K. Tam
Subgroup on General Requirements/ W. S. Jacobs E. L. Thomas, Jr.
Personnel Qualifications and Inquiries (SC V) G. G. Karcher

R. D. McGuire, Chair H. C. Graber

Subgroup on Design (SC VIII)
J. E. Batey G. W. Hembree
W. T. Clayton J. R. MacKay U. R. Miller, Chair G. B. Komora
N. Y. Faransso J. P. Swezy R. E. Knoblock, Secretary R. W. Mikitka
R. J. Basile K. Mokhtarian
M. R. Bauman T. P. Pastor
Subgroup on Surface Examination Methods (SC V) M. R. Breach M. D. Rana
S. M. Caldwell G. B. Rawls, Jr.
A. S. Birks, Chair H. C. Graber J. R. Farr C. D. Rodery
S. J. Akrin G. W. Hembree J. P. Glaspie A. Selz
T. Alexander R. W. Kruzic J. A. Hayward S. C. Shah
B. H. Clark, Jr. F. J. Sattler G. L. Hollinger J. W. Stokes
R. A. Coomes E. F. Summers, Jr. W. S. Jacobs K. K. Tam
G. G. Karcher E. L. Thomas, Jr.

Subgroup on Volumetric Methods (SC V)

Subgroup on Fabrication and Inspection (SC VIII)
J. E. Batey, Chair E. K. Kietzman
R. W. Boyce, Chair R. A. Johnson
S. J. Akrin F. B. Kovacs
J. L. Arnold D. J. Kreft
W. T. Clayton R. W. Kruzic
W. J. Bees A. S. Lester III
N. Y. Faransso J. F. Manning
S. C. Cyr F. C. Ouyang
H. C. Graber W. C. McGaughey
H. E. Gordon M. J. Pischke
G. W. Hembree J. R. Mitchell
M. J. Houle M. J. Rice
B. Kellerhall
K. M. Hudson C. D. Rodery
W. S. Jacobs W. P. Webb

Working Group on Acoustic Emissions (SG-VM) (SC V)

Subgroup on General Requirements (SC VIII)
B. H. Clark, Jr. J. F. Manning
P. M. Horrigan J. R. Mitchell R. M. Elliott, Chair A. S. Mann
V. Bogosian C. C. Neely
M. L. Coats A. S. Olivares
J. P. Glaspie S. C. Roberts
Working Group on Radiography (SG-VM) (SC V)
J. C. Keenan K. J. Schneider
G. W. Hembree, Chair N. Y. Faransso K. T. Lau A. J. Spencer
S. J. Akrin H. C. Graber W. E. Laveck, Jr.
T. Alexander F. B. Kovacs
J. E. Batey R. W. Kruzic Subgroup on Materials (SC VIII)
J. Cameron, Chair E. E. Morgenegg
Working Group on Ultrasonics (SG-VM) (SC V) D. C. Agarwal E. G. Nisbett
W. D. Doty J. T. Parsons
W. T. Clayton, Chair W. C. McGaughey W. D. Edsall D. W. Rahoi
O. F. Hedden R. Paillaman D. A. Franklin K. K. Tam
B. Kellerhall F. J. Sattler B. Heuer B. K. Thakur
E. K. Kietzman M. L. Shakinovsky M. Katcher E. Upitis
J. F. Manning W. M. Lundy

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 Subgroup on Toughness (SC VIII) Subgroup on Materials (SC IX)
W. S. Jacobs, Chair J. L. Mooney M. L. Carpenter, Chair H. A. Sadler
R. J. Basile C. C. Neely L. P. Connor C. E. Sainz
J. Cameron T. T. Phillips P. D. Flenner C. E. Spaeder, Jr.
W. D. Doty M. D. Rana R. M. Jessee W. J. Sperko
H. E. Gordon J. W. Stokes C. C. Kim M. J. Stanko
G. B. Komora E. Upitis A. H. Miller R. R. Young
K. Mokhtarian

Special Working Group on Heat Transfer Equipment (SC VIII) Subgroup on Performance Qualification (SC IX)

G. B. Komora, Chair R. Mahadeen D. A. Bowers, Chair M. J. Houle

R. P. Zoldak, Secretary U. R. Miller V. A. Bell W. M. Lundy
C. F. Andreone T. W. Norton L. P. Connor R. D. McGuire
S. M. Caldwell F. Osweiller R. A. Coomes P. P. Norris
M. J. Holtz W. A. Treff P. D. Flenner W. K. Scattergood
W. G. Jandrasits S. Yokell G. Herrmann G. W. Spohn III

Special Working Group on High-Pressure Vessels (SC VIII)

Subgroup on Procedure Qualification (SC IX)
J. R. Sims, Jr., Chair M. M. James
P. A. Reddington, Secretary P. Jansson D. A. Bowers, Chair S. D. Reynolds, Jr.
L. P. Antalffy J. A. Kapp R. K. Brown, Jr. M. J. Rice
J. E. Baxter D. P. Kendall R. A. Johnson W. K. Scattergood
R. C. Biel A. K. Khare D. W. Mann W. J. Sperko
T. B. Boyd S. C. Mordre A. H. Miller P. L. Van Fosson
D. J. Burns G. J. Mraz P. P. Norris T. C. Wiesner
P. N. Chaku S. N. Pagay A. S. Olivares P. R. Wilt
E. L. Danfelt E. H. Perez F. C. Ouyang
R. E. Feigel L. M. Picqueur
D. M. Fryer E. D. Roll
J. L. Heck, Jr. W. L. Stewart SUBCOMMITTEE ON
A. H. Honza J. F. Sullivan FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTIC PRESSURE VESSELS (SC X)
V. T. Hwang F. W. Tatar P. J. Conlisk, Chair A. L. Newberry
D. Eisberg, Vice Chair D. J. Painter
SUBCOMMITTEE ON WELDING (SC IX) A. J. Roby, Secretary D. J. Pinell
K. M. Agrawal J. R. Richter
J. G. Feldstein, Chair A. H. Miller F. L. Brown J. A. Rolston
W. J. Sperko, Vice Chair B. R. Newmark J. L. Bustillos V. Sanchez
J. Labrador, Secretary P. P. Norris T. W. Cowley B. F. Shelley
R. Barkdoll A. S. Olivares T. J. Fowler J. H. Skaggs
D. A. Bowers S. D. Reynolds, Jr. L. E. Hunt P. R. Wilt
M. L. Carpenter G. W. Spohn III J. C. Murphy D. O. Yancey, Jr.
L. P. Connor M. J. Stanko
W. D. Doty P. L. Van Fosson
P. D. Flenner R. R. Young SUBCOMMITTEE ON
M. J. Houle W. K. Scattergood, Honorary NUCLEAR INSERVICE INSPECTION (SC XI)
W. M. Lundy Member
R. D. McGuire O. F. Hedden, Chair D. F. Landers
R. E. Gimple, Vice Chair T. F. Lentz
O. Martinez, Secretary J. T. Lindberg
Subgroup on Brazing (SC IX)
W. H. Bamford, Jr. G. C. Millman
M. J. Pischke, Chair C. F. Jeerings R. L. Beverly C. R. Osman
M. L. Carpenter A. H. Miller J. M. Bloom P. C. Riccardella
M. J. Houle C. Robino R. W. Boyce A. T. Roberts III
C. D. Cowfer L. Sage
D. D. Davis F. J. Schaaf, Jr.
Subgroup on General Requirements (SC IX)
R. L. Dyle R. J. Scott
B. R. Newmark, Chair D. W. Mann T. N. Epps III J. E. Staffiera
R. Barkdoll A. S. Olivares F. E. Gregor R. W. Swayne
P. R. Evans R. A. Weiss W. C. Holston C. W. Tahnk
P. C. Filean K. R. Willens K. Iida R. A. Yonekawa
R. M. Jessee R. D. Kerr K. K. Yoon

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 Honorary Members (SC XI) Subgroup on Liquid-Metal–Cooled Systems (SC XI)

S. H. Bush L. R. Katz C. G. McCargar, Chair R. Hundal

L. J. Chockie R. R. MacCary W. L. Chase R. W. King
J. P. Houstrup S. Hattori W. Kwant

Subgroup on Evaluation Standards (SC XI) Working Group on Liquid-Metal Reactor Covers
(SG-LMCS) (SC XI)
W. H. Bamford, Jr., Chair S. Ranganath
W. L. Chase, Chair R. Hundal
J. M. Bloom P. C. Riccardella
S. Hattori
R. C. Cipolla D. A. Scarth
R. M. Gamble W. L. Server
T. J. Griesbach C. A. Tomes Subgroup on Nondestructive Examination (SC XI)
K. Hasegawa A. W. Van Der Sluys
P. J. Hijeck K. R. Wichman C. D. Cowfer, Chair M. R. Hum
D. N. Hopkins G. M. Wilkowski D. C. Adamonis D. Lamond
K. Iida K. K. Yoon B. Bevins G. A. Lofthus
Y. Imamura S. Yukawa F. T. Carr M. C. Modes
J. G. Merkle C. B. Cheezem C. R. Osman
W. T. Clayton F. J. Schaaf, Jr.
F. J. Dodd J. C. Spanner, Jr.
Working Group on Flaw Evaluation (SG-ES) (SC XI) T. N. Epps III C. J. Wirtz
D. O. Henry
R. C. Cipolla, Chair J. G. Merkle
G. H. De Boo, Secretary J. S. Panesar
W. H. Bamford, Jr. S. Ranganath Working Group on Personnel Qualification and Surface,
M. Basol D. A. Scarth Visual, and Eddy Current Examination (SG-NDE) (SC XI)
J. M. Bloom T. S. Schurman
C. J. Wirtz, Secretary R. D. McGuire
E. Friedman W. L. Server
B. L. Curtis M. F. Sherwin
T. J. Griesbach F. A. Simonen
D. O. Henry D. Spake
F. D. Hayes K. R. Wichman
H. E. Houserman J. C. Spanner, Jr.
D. N. Hopkins G. M. Wilkowski
J. J. McArdle III D. S. Whitcomb
K. Iida K. K. Yoon
Y. Imamura S. Yukawa
M. Kupinski A. Zahoor Working Group on Pressure Testing (SG-NDE) (SC XI)
H. S. Mehta V. A. Zilberstein
F. J. Schaaf, Jr., Chair J. M. Boughman
D. Lamond, Secretary T. R. Bugelholl
Working Group on Operating Plant Criteria (SG-ES) (SC XI) T. M. Anselmi R. J. Cimoch
T. B. Basso W. N. Keisler
T. J. Griesbach, Chair H. S. Mehta
W. H. Bamford, Jr. J. S. Panesar
H. Behnke W. E. Pennell Working Group on Procedure Qualification
B. A. Bishop S. Ranganath and Volumetric Examination (SG-NDE) (SC XI)
W. F. Brady S. T. Rosinski F. T. Carr, Chair S. R. Doctor
E. Friedman W. L. Server C. D. Cowfer, Chair F. J. Dodd
S. R. Gosselin E. A. Siegel C. E. Larsen, Secretary T. N. Epps III
E. M. Hackett F. A. Simonen D. C. Adamonis B. Kellerhall
P. J. Hijeck T. D. Spry F. L. Becker G. A. Lofthus
M. Kupinski G. L. Stevens N. R. Bentley M. C. Modes
S. D. Leshnoff K. K. Yoon B. Bevins M. Saporito
P. Manbeck S. Yukawa C. B. Cheezem S. M. Walker
W. T. Clayton
Working Group on Pipe Flaw Evaluation (SG-ES) (SC XI)
Subgroup on Repairs, Replacements, and Modifications (SC XI)
D. A. Scarth, Chair K. Hasegawa
G. M. Wilkowski, Secretary D. N. Hopkins W. C. Holston, Chair R. D. Kerr
W. H. Bamford, Jr. K. Iida D. E. Waskey, Secretary D. F. Landers
R. C. Cipolla H. S. Mehta R. W. Boyce R. S. Lewis
N. G. Cofie J. S. Panesar M. N. Bressler M. S. McDonald
S. K. Daftuar K. K. Yoon R. E. Cantrell R. R. Stevenson
G. H. De Boo S. Yukawa R. E. Gimple R. W. Swayne
E. Friedman A. Zahoor C. E. Hartz R. E. Tome
L. F. Goyette V. A. Zilberstein R. A. Hermann R. A. Yonekawa

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 Working Group on Design Reconciliation (SG-RR&M) (SC XI) Working Group on Inspection of Systems and Components
(SG-WCS) (SC XI)
T. E. Hiss, Chair D. F. Landers
W. C. Holston, Chair R. W. Swayne E. Throckmorton, Chair I. Mach
J. T. Conner, Secretary A. H. Taufique C. Pendleton, Secretary T. K. McLellan
R. W. Boyce H. J. Thailer G. L. Belew G. C. Park
S. B. Brown R. E. Tome H. Q. Do C. M. Ross
E. V. Imbro R. Fougerousse C. W. Tahnk
T. C. Hinkle K. B. Thomas
Working Group on Responsibilities and Program Requirements M. R. Hum R. A. West
(SG-RR&M) (SC XI) S. D. Kulat J. Whitman
J. T. Lindberg
R. A. Yonekawa, Chair R. S. Lewis
R. R. Stevenson, Secretary M. S. McDonald
S. K. Fisher S. M. Swilley
Working Group on General Requirements (SC XI)
G. M. Foster A. J. Walcutt
R. D. Graham J. Ghergurovich, Alternate A. T. Roberts III, Chair R. K. Mattu
C. E. Hartz R. G. Edl, Secretary L. Sage
D. A. Graham R. J. Scott
Working Group on Welding and Special Repair Processes D. A. Jackson
(SG-RR&M) (SC XI)
D. E. Waskey, Chair R. D. Kerr Special Working Group on Editing and Review (SC XI)
R. E. Cantrell, Secretary B. R. Newton
P. D. Fisher P. P. Norris R. W. Swayne, Chair J. E. Staffiera
A. J. Giannuzzi J. E. O’Sullivan R. L. Beverly C. J. Wirtz
R. A. Hermann K. R. Willens M. P. Lintz
R. P. Indap

Subgroup on Water-Cooled Systems (SC XI) Special Working Group on Plant Life Extension (SC XI)

R. L. Dyle, Chair J. T. Lindberg F. E. Gregor, Chair H. W. Massie, Jr.

G. C. Park, Secretary M. P. Lintz M. P. Lintz, Secretary T. A. Meyer
W. J. Briggs W. E. Norris D. D. Davis D. W. Peltola
T. R. Bugelholl C. Pendleton D. A. Graham D. A. Piccione
D. D. Davis C. W. Tahnk D. L. Harrison V. N. Shah
M. L. Herrera E. Throckmorton P.-T. Kuo
T. C. Hinkle S. M. Walker
S. D. Kulat R. A. West
T. F. Lentz R. M. Kenneally, Alternate SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRANSPORT TANKS (SC XII)

A. Selz, Chair T. P. Pastor

Working Group on Containment (SG-WCS) (SC XI)
P. D. Stumpf, Secretary M. D. Rana
J. E. Staffiera, Chair C. N. Krishnaswamy A. N. Antoniou C. M. Serratella
H. G. Ashar M. P. Lintz C. Becht IV G. R. Stoeckinger
W. J. Briggs D. Naus S. C. Cyr N. Surtees
K. K. N. Chao S. C. Petitgout M. Hennemand J. P. Swezy
M. J. Ferlisi G. W. Robin C. H. Hochman A. P. Varghese
H. T. Hill R. T. Zak G. G. Karcher S. V. Voorhees
R. D. Hough W. E. Norris, Alternate P. P. Laluc C. H. Walters
G. McRae W. L. White
M. R. Minick
Working Group on Implementation of Risk-Based Examination
(SG-WCS) (SC XI)
S. D. Kulat, Chair J. T. Lindberg Subgroup on Design and Materials (SC XII)
J. M. Agold, Secretary I. Mach
S. A. Ali R. K. Mattu M. D. Rana, Chair T. P. Pastor
B. A. Bishop A. McNeill III C. Becht IV J. L. Rademacher
J. W. Connor P. J. O’Regan D. A. Canonico T. A. Rogers
H. Q. Do J. H. Phillips W. D. Doty C. M. Serratella
R. Fougerousse F. A. Simonen G. G. Karcher A. P. Varghese
S. R. Gosselin T. V. Vo P. P. Laluc M. R. Ward
M. R. Graybeal R. A. West M. Manikkam E. Whittle
M. L. Herrera S. L. McWilliams

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 Subgroup on Fabrication and Inspection (SC XII) Subgroup on Design Analysis (SC-D)

S. V. Voorhees, Chair D. J. Kreft T. P. Pastor, Secretary A. Kalnins

M. Burch G. McRae M. R. Breach W. J. Koves
D. A. Canonico M. R. Minick P. J. Conlisk T. H. Liu
M. L. Coats N. Surtees A. G. Eggers O. Maekawa
M. Hennemand J. P. Swezy J. L. Hechmer E. L. Thomas, Jr.
L. D. Holsinger G. L. Hollinger R. A. Whipple

Subgroup on General Requirements (SC XII)

Subgroup on Elevated Temperature Design (SC-D)
C. H. Hochman, Chair J. C. Keenan
C. Becht IV, Chair W. J. O’Donnell
T. Alexander T. B. Lee
J. M. Corum, Secretary D. A. Osage
A. N. Antoniou F. A. Licari
C. R. Brinkman J. S. Porowski
J. F. Cannon G. R. Stoeckinger
R. D. Campbell C. C. Schultz, Jr.
J. L. Freiler C. H. Walters
D. S. Griffin L. K. Severud
M. A. Garrett W. L. White
R. I. Jetter D. F. Shaw
K. L. Gilmore L. Wolpert
C. Lawton A. L. Snow

SUBCOMMITTEE ON BOILER AND

PRESSURE VESSEL ACCREDITATION (SC-BPVA) Subgroup on Fatigue Strength (SC-D)

A. J. Spencer, Chair R. L. Williams W. J. O’Donnell, Chair G. Kharshafdjian

C. E. Ford, Vice Chair W. J. Bees, Alternate P. R. Donavin C. Lawton
A. J. Justin, Vice Chair V. A. Bell, Alternate J. A. Hayward A. Merend
K. I. Baron, Secretary V. Bogosian, Alternate J. L. Hechmer H. H. Ziada
M. B. Doherty M. A. De Vries, Alternate D. P. Jones
D. A. Douin P. D. Flenner, Alternate
P. D. Edwards L. J. Kuchera, Alternate
R. M. Elliott W. C. LaRochelle, Alternate Subgroup on Openings (SC-D)
R. G. Friend A. S. Lester III, Alternate
R. C. Howard K. M. McTague, Alternate R. W. Mikitka, Secretary J. P. Madden
B. B. MacDonald G. P. Milley, Alternate M. R. Breach K. C. Morrison
M. L. Sisk P. G. Scheckermann, Alternate G. G. Graven D. R. Palmer
B. C. Turczynski N. Surtees, Alternate V. T. Hwang M. D. Rana
S. C. Lou E. C. Rodabaugh
R. B. Luney
SUBCOMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR ACCREDITATION (SC-NA)

T. E. Quaka, Chair A. J. Spencer

R. R. Stevenson, Vice Chair R. W. Boyce, Alternate Special Working Group on Bolted Flanged Joints (SC-D)
F. E. Zusman, Secretary R. E. Ciemiewicz, Alternate
R. W. Mikitka, Chair S. N. Pagay
V. Bogosian S. Dasgupta, Alternate
G. D. Bibel P. G. Scheckermann
M. N. Bressler P. D. Edwards, Alternate
R. M. Elliott R. W. Schneider
G. Deily S. M. Goodwin, Alternate
A. S. Lester III R. D. Schueler, Jr.
F. R. Drahos D. H. Hanrath, Alternate
E. Michalopoulos A. Selz
J. E. Harris R. C. Howard, Alternate
M. Higuchi K. A. Huber, Alternate
M. Kotb A. J. Justin, Alternate
W. C. LaRochelle N. C. Kist, Alternate SUBCOMMITTEE ON
R. P. McIntyre A. A. Lotfi, Alternate SAFETY VALVE REQUIREMENTS (SC-SVR)
H. B. Prasse O. E. Trapp, Staff Represen-
A. T. Roberts III tative E. C. Kistner, Jr., Chair S. F. Harrison, Jr.
M. D. Bernstein, Vice Chair W. F. Hart
U. D’Urso, Secretary H. D. Michael
SUBCOMMITTEE ON DESIGN (SC-D) J. F. Ball D. K. Peetz
S. Cammeresi J. W. Reynolds
D. P. Jones, Chair U. R. Miller J. A. Cox D. J. Scallan
E. H. Maradiaga, Secretary K. C. Morrison R. D. Danzy A. J. Spencer
R. W. Barnes W. J. O’Donnell D. B. De Michael J. C. Standfast
C. Becht IV R. D. Schueler, Jr. R. J. Doelling J. A. West
G. G. Graven A. Selz R. G. Friend T. J. Ferrigan, Alternate
R. W. Mikitka H. I. Gregg

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 Subgroup on Design (SC-SVR) Subgroup on Testing (SC-SVR)

R. G. Friend, Chair S. R. Irvin, Sr. S. F. Harrison, Jr., Chair D. M. Papa

R. D. Danzy P. R. Sievert S. Cammeresi D. J. Scallan
D. B. De Michael A. J. Spencer J. A. Cox B. S. York
R. J. Doelling T. R. Tarbay W. F. Hart
H. I. Gregg J. A. West

Subgroup on General Requirements (SC-SVR)

M. D. Bernstein, Chair D. K. Peetz

J. F. Ball J. W. Reynolds
J. P. Glaspie J. W. Richardson
H. D. Michael J. C. Standfast
C. A. Neumann

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 INTRODUCTION

SCOPE D also contains tables of maximum allowable stress

values for these classes of materials.
98 U-1 SCOPE The Mandatory Appendices address specific subjects
A99
U-1(a) not covered elsewhere in this Division, and their require-
U-1(a)(1) The Foreword provides the basis for the ments are mandatory when the subject covered is
rules described in this Division. included in construction under this Division. The Non-
U-1(a)(2) For the scope of this Division, pressure mandatory Appendices provide information and sug-
vessels are containers for the containment of pressure, gested good practices.
either internal or external. This pressure may be obtained U-1(c)
from an external source, or by the application of heat U-1(c)(1) The scope of this Division has been
from a direct or indirect source, or any combination established to identify the components and parameters
thereof. considered in formulating the rules given in this Divi-
U-1(a)(3) This Division contains mandatory re- sion. Laws or regulations issued by municipality, state,
quirements, specific prohibitions, and nonmandatory provincial, federal, or other enforcement or regulatory
guidance for pressure vessel materials, design, fabrica- bodies having jurisdiction at the location of an installa-
tion, examination, inspection, testing, certification, and tion establish the mandatory applicability of the Code
pressure relief. The Code does not address all aspects rules, in whole or in part, within their jurisdiction.
of these activities, and those aspects which are not Those laws or regulations may require the use of this
Division of the Code for vessels or components not
specifically addressed should not be considered prohib-
considered to be within its Scope. These laws or
ited. Engineering judgment must be consistent with the
regulations should be reviewed to determine size or
philosophy of this Division, and such judgments must
service limitations of the coverage which may be differ-
never be used to overrule mandatory requirements or
ent or more restrictive than those given here.
specific prohibitions of this Division. See also informa-
U-1(c)(2) Based on the Committee’s consideration,
tive and nonmandatory guidance regarding metallurgical
the following classes of vessels are not included in
phenomena in Appendix 6 of Section II, Part D.
the scope of this Division; however, any pressure vessel
U-1(b) This Division is divided into three Subsections, which meets all the applicable requirements of this
Mandatory Appendices, and Nonmandatory Appendices. Division may be stamped with the Code U Symbol:
Subsection A consists of Part UG, covering the general (a) those within the scope of other Sections;
requirements applicable to all pressure vessels. Subsec- (b) fired process tubular heaters;
tion B covers specific requirements that are applicable (c) pressure containers which are integral parts
to the various methods used in the fabrication of or components of rotating or reciprocating mechanical
pressure vessels. It consists of Parts UW, UF, and devices, such as pumps, compressors, turbines, genera-
UB dealing with welded, forged, and brazed methods, tors, engines, and hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders
respectively. Subsection C covers specific requirements where the primary design considerations and /or stresses
applicable to the several classes of materials used in are derived from the functional requirements of the
pressure vessel construction. It consists of Parts UCS, device;
UNF, UHA, UCI, UCL, UCD, UHT, ULW, and ULT (d) except as covered in U-1(f), structures whose
dealing with carbon and low alloy steels, nonferrous primary function is the transport of fluids from one
metals, high alloy steels, cast iron, clad and lined location to another within a system of which it is an
material, cast ductile iron, ferritic steels with properties integral part, that is, piping systems;
enhanced by heat treatment, layered construction, and (e) piping components, such as pipe, flanges,
low temperature materials, respectively. Section II, Part bolting, gaskets, valves, expansion joints, fittings, and

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 U-1 1998 SECTION VIII — DIVISION 1 U-1

the pressure containing parts of other components, such (a) the welding end connection for the first
as strainers and devices which serve such purposes as circumferential joint for welded connections [see UW-
mixing, separating, snubbing, distributing, and metering 13(g)];
or controlling flow, provided that pressure containing (b) the first threaded joint for screwed connec-
parts of such components are generally recognized as tions;
piping components or accessories; (c) the face of the first flange for bolted, flanged
(f) a vessel for containing water1 under pressure, connections;
including those containing air the compression of which (d) the first sealing surface for proprietary con-
serves only as a cushion, when none of the following nections or fittings;
limitations are exceeded: U-1(e)(2) where nonpressure parts are welded di-
(1) a design pressure of 300 psi (2070 kPa); rectly to either the internal or external pressure retaining
(2) a design temperature of 210°F (99°C); surface of a pressure vessel, this scope shall include the
(g) a hot water supply storage tank heated by design, fabrication, testing, and material requirements
steam or any other indirect means when none of the established for nonpressure part attachments by the
following limitations is exceeded: applicable paragraphs of this Division3;
(1) a heat input of 200,000 Btu /hr (58.6 kW); U-1(e)(3) pressure retaining covers for vessel open-
(2) a water temperature of 210°F (99°C); ings, such as manhole and handhole covers;
(3) a nominal water containing capacity of U-1(e)(4) the first sealing surface for proprietary
120 gal; fittings or components for which rules are not provided
(h) vessels having an internal or external op- by this Division, such as gages, instruments, and nonme-
erating pressure (see 3-2) not exceeding 15 psi (103 kPa) tallic components.
with no limitation on size [see UG-28(f)]; U-1(f) The scope of the Division includes provisions
(i) vessels having an inside diameter, width, for pressure relief devices necessary to satisfy the
height, or cross section diagonal not exceeding 6 in. requirements of UG-125 through UG-136 and Appen-
(152 mm), with no limitation on length of vessel or dix 11.
pressure; U-1(g) Unfired steam boilers as defined in Section
(j) pressure vessels for human occupancy.2 I shall be constructed in accordance with the rules of
U-1(d) The rules of this Division have been formu- Section I or this Division [see UG-125(b) and UW-2(c)].
lated on the basis of design principles and construction The following pressure vessels in which steam is
practices applicable to vessels designed for pressures generated shall be constructed in accordance with the
not exceeding 3000 psi (20685 kPa). For pressures rules of this Division:
above 3000 psi (20685 kPa), deviations from and U-1(g)(1) vessels known as evaporators or heat
additions to these rules usually are necessary to meet exchangers;
the requirements of design principles and construction U-1(g)(2) vessels in which steam is generated by
practices for these higher pressures. Only in the event the use of heat resulting from operation of a processing
that after having applied these additional design princi- system containing a number of pressure vessels such
ples and construction practices the vessel still complies as used in the manufacture of chemical and petroleum
with all of the requirements of this Division may it products;
be stamped with the applicable Code symbol. U-1(g)(3) vessels in which steam is generated but
U-1(e) In relation to the geometry of pressure con- not withdrawn for external use.
taining parts, the scope of this Division shall include U-1(h) Pressure vessels or parts subject to direct
the following: firing from the combustion of fuel (solid, liquid, or
U-1(e)(1) where external piping; other pressure gaseous), which are not within the scope of Sections
vessels including heat exchangers; or mechanical de- I, III, or IV may be constructed in accordance with
vices, such as pumps, mixers, or compressors, are to the rules of this Division [see UW-2(d)].
be connected to the vessel: U-1(i) Gas fired jacketed steam kettles with jacket
operating pressures not exceeding 50 psi (345 kPa)

1 The water may contain additives provided the flash point of the
aqueous solution at atmospheric pressure is 185°F or higher. The
flash point shall be determined by the methods specified in ASTM 3 These requirements for design, fabrication, testing, and material for
D 93 or in ASTM D 56, whichever is appropriate. nonpressure part attachments do not establish the length, size, or
2 Requirements for pressure vessels for human occupancy are covered shape of the attachment material. Pads and standoffs are permitted
by ANSI /ASME PVHO-1. and the scope can terminate at the next welded or mechanical joint.

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 U-1 INTRODUCTION U-2

may be constructed in accordance with the rules of (3) the need for postweld heat treatment beyond
this Division (see Appendix 19). the requirements of this Division and dependent on
U-1(j) Pressure vessels exclusive of those covered service conditions;
in U-1(c), U-1(g), U-1(h), and U-1(i) that are not (4) for pressure vessels in which steam is gener-
required by the rules of this Division to be fully ated, or water is heated [see U-1(g) and (h)], the need
radiographed, which are not provided with quick actuat- for piping, valves, instruments, and fittings to perform
ing closures (see UG-35), and that do not exceed the the functions covered by PG-59 through PG-61 of
following volume and pressure limits may be exempted Section I.
from inspection by Inspectors, as defined in UG-91, (b) Responsibilities5
provided that they comply in all other respects with (1) The Manufacturer of any vessel or part to be
the requirements of this Division: marked with the Code Symbol has the responsibility
U-1(j)(1) 5 cu ft (0.14 m3) in volume and 250 of complying with all of the applicable requirements
psi (1720 kPa) design pressure; or of this Division and, through proper certification, of
U-1(j)(2) 3 cu ft (0.08 m3) in volume and 350 assuring that all work done by others also complies.
psi (2410 kPa) design pressure; The vessel or part Manufacturer shall have available
U-1(j)(3) 11⁄2 cu ft (0.04 m3) in volume and 600 for the Inspector’s review the applicable design calcula-
psi (4140 kPa) design pressure. tions. See 10-5 and 10-15(d).
In an assembly of vessels, the limitations in (1) (2) Some types of work, such as forming, nonde-
through (3) above apply to each vessel and not the structive examination, and heat treating, may be per-
assembly as a whole. Straight line interpolation for formed by others (for welding, see UW-26 and UW-
intermediate volumes and design pressures is permitted. 31). It is the vessel or part Manufacturer’s responsibility
Vessels fabricated in accordance with this rule shall to ensure that all work so performed complies with
be marked with the “UM” Symbol in Fig. UG-116 all the applicable requirements of this Division. After
sketch (b) and with the data required in UG-116. ensuring Code compliance, the vessel or part may be
Certificates of Compliance shall satisfy the requirements Code stamped by the appropriate Code stamp holder
of UG-120(a). after acceptance by the Inspector.
U-1(k) The degree of nondestructive examination(s) (c) A vessel may be designed and constructed using
and the acceptance standards beyond the requirements any combination of the methods of fabrication and the
of this Division shall be a matter of prior agreement classes of materials covered by this Division provided
between the Manufacturer and user or his designated the rules applying to each method and material are
agent. complied with and the vessel is marked as required
by UG-116.
(d) When the strength of any part cannot be computed
with a satisfactory assurance of safety, the rules provide
GENERAL
procedures for establishing its maximum allowable
A00 U-2 GENERAL working pressure.
(e) It is the duty of the Inspector to make all of
(a) The user or his designated agent4 shall establish
the inspections specified by the rules of this Division,
the design requirements for pressure vessels, taking
and of monitoring the quality control and the examina-
into consideration factors associated with normal opera-
tions made by the Manufacturer. He shall make such
tion, such other conditions as startup and shutdown,
other inspections as in his judgment are necessary to
and abnormal conditions which may become a governing
permit him to certify that the vessel has been designed
design consideration (see UG-22).
and constructed in accordance with the requirements.
Such consideration shall include but shall not be
The Inspector has the duty of verifying that the applica-
limited to the following:
ble calculations have been made and are on file at
(1) the need for corrosion allowances;
Manufacturer’s plant at the time the Data Report is
(2) the definition of lethal services. For example,
signed. Any questions concerning the calculations raised
see UW-2(a).
by the Inspector must be resolved. See UG-90(c)(1).
(f) The rules of this Division shall serve as the basis
4 For this Division, the user’s designated agent may be either a for the Inspector to:
design agency specifically engaged by the user, the Manufacturer of
a system for a specific service which includes a pressure vessel as
a part and which is purchased by the user, or an organization which 5 SeeUG-90(b) and UG-90(c)(1) for summaries of the responsibilities
offers pressure vessels for sale or lease for specific services. of the Manufacturer and the duties of the Inspector.

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 U-2 1998 SECTION VIII — DIVISION 1 U-3

(1) perform the required duties; the stamp holder performing the field work) to the
(2) authorize the application of the Code Symbol; Manufacturer responsible for the Code vessel. The
(3) sign the Certificate of Shop (or Field Assembly) vessel Manufacturer applies his U Stamp in the presence
Inspection. of a representative from his Inspection Agency and
(g) This Division of Section VIII does not contain completes the Form U-1 Manufacturer’s Data Report
rules to cover all details of design and construction. with his Inspector.
Where complete details are not given, it is intended In all three alternatives, the party completing and
that the Manufacturer, subject to the acceptance of the signing the Form U-1 Manufacturer’s Data Report
Inspector, shall provide details of design and construc- assumes full Code responsibility for the vessel. In all
tion which will be as safe as those provided by the three cases, each Manufacturer’s Quality Control System
rules of this Division. shall describe the controls to assure compliance for
(h) Field assembly of vessels constructed to this each Code stamp holder.
Division may be performed as follows. (i) For some design analyses, both a chart or curve
(1) The Manufacturer of the vessel completes the and a formula or tabular data are given. Use of the
vessel in the field. formula or tabular data may result in answers which
(2) The Manufacturer of parts of a vessel to be are slightly different from the values obtained from
completed in the field by some other party stamps the chart or curve. However, the difference, if any, is
these parts in accordance with Code rules and supplies within practical accuracy and either method is ac-
the Form U-2 Manufacturer’s Partial Data Report to ceptable.
the other party. The other party, who must hold a valid
U-3 STANDARDS REFERENCED BY
U Certificate of Authorization, makes the final assembly,
THIS DIVISION
required NDE, final pressure test; completes the Form
U-1 Manufacturer’s Data Report; and stamps the vessel. (a) Throughout this Division references are made to
(3) The field portion of the work is completed by various standards, such as ANSI standards, which cover
a holder of a valid U Certificate of Authorization pressure–temperature rating, dimensional, or procedural
other than the vessel Manufacturer. The stamp holder standards for pressure vessel parts. These standards,
performing the field work is required to supply a Form with the year of the acceptable edition, are listed in
U-2 Manufacturer’s Partial Data Report covering the Table U-3.
portion of the work completed by his organization (b) Rules for the use of these standards are stated
(including data on the pressure test if conducted by elsewhere in this Division.

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 INTRODUCTION Table U-3

TABLE U-3 A99

YEAR OF ACCEPTABLE EDITION OF REFERENCED STANDARDS IN THIS DIVISION A00

Title Number Year

Seat Tightness of Pressure Relief Valves API Std. 527 1991

Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form) ASME B1.1 1989
Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch) ANSI/ASME 1983 (R1992)(2)
B1.20.1

Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Classes 25, 125, 250, ASME/ANSI 1989
and 800 B16.1

Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings ASME B16.5 1996(1)

Factory-Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings ASME B16.9 1993
Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded ASME B16.11 1991
Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings Classes 125 and 250 ANSI/ASME 1985
B16.15
Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges — Ring-Joint, Spiral Wound, ASME B16.20 1993
and Jacketed
Cast Copper Alloy Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Class 150, ASME B16.24 1991
300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500
Wrought Steel Buttwelding Short Radius Elbows and Returns ASME/ANSI 1986
B16.28
Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Class 150 and 300 ASME/ANSI 1987
B16.42
Large Diameter Steel Flanges, NPS 26 Through NPS 60 ASME B16.47 1996

Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series) ASME/ANSI 1987

B18.2.2

Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe ANSI/ASME 1985 (R1994)(2)

B36.10M

Pressure Relief Devices ASME PTC 25 1994

Qualifications for Authorized Inspection ASME QAI-1 (3)

ASNT Central Certification Program ACCP Rev 3,

November 1997
Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certifica- SNT-TC-1A 1996, A98
tion in Nondestructive Testing

Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester ASTM D 56 1987
Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens ASTM D 93 1990
Closed Tester

Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Materials ASTM E 8 1990

Methods of Verification and Classification of Extensometers ASTM E 83 1990
Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indications on Fer- ASTM E 125 1963 (R1985)(2)
rous Castings
Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals ASTM E 140 1988
Method of Conducting Drop Weight Test to Determine Nil Ductility ASTM E 208 1987a
Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steel

Marking and Labeling Systems ANSI/UL-969 1991

NOTES:
(1) See UG-11(a)(2).
(2) R — Reaffirmed.
(3) See UG-91.

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