Presented by:
Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Late Shri. Vishnu Waman Thakur Charitable Trust's
VIVA SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Affiliated to University of Mumbai &
Approved by Council of Architecture (CoA), New Delhi
Building Services – Semester 3
Design of water storage tanks, and
down take pipes
Various components
of water storage tanks
Manholes
Free board
Inlet pipes
Ball cock
Catch Rings and Ladders
Overflow pipe
Vent Pipes
Scour Pipe
Pump room with pumps
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Specifications for storage tanks
Seepage
The tank should have a durable, watertight, opaque exterior and a
clean, smooth interior.
In RCC tanks, concrete should be rich in cement content i.e. water-
cement ratio should be low. Preferably M30 or higher grade of
concrete is used.
Evaporation
All water storage tanks should be properly covered from the top to
avoid evaporation of water.
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Specifications for storage tanks
The underground tanks should not be located in low lying areas or
near any public or private sewer, septic tank, leaching pool or
soakage pit to prevent any contamination.
The top slab of the tank must be suitable sloped away from its,
centre for proper drainage of the rainwater.
If the storage capacity required is more than 50001, it is
advantageous to arrange it in a series of tanks so interconnected
that each tank can be isolated for cleaning and inspection without
interfering with the supply of water.
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Specifications for storage tanks
In case of overhead tanks, bottom of the tanks shall be placed clear
off the terrace slab such that the elevation difference between the
outlet pipe of the tank and the highest fixture at the top floor of the
building is minimum 2 m, which shall also prevent leakage into the
structural slab.
In tall buildings, the top of the tank shall be provided with the safe
ladder or staircase.
The top slab shall be provided with railing or a parapet wall.
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Maintenance
Storage tanks shall be regularly inspected and shall be cleaned out
periodically, if necessary.
Tanks showing signs of corrosion shall be emptied, thoroughly wire brushed
to remove loose material (but not scraped), cleaned and coated with suitable
bituminous compositions or other suitable anticorrosive material not liable to
impart taste or odour or otherwise contaminate the water.
Before cleaning the tanks, the outlets shall be plugged to prevent debris from
entering the pipes. Tanks shall be examined for metal wastage and water
tightness after cleaning.
All valves shall periodically be operated to maintain free movement of the
working parts.
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Maintenance
Record drawings showing pipe layout and valve positions shall be kept up to
date and inspection undertaken to ensure that any maintenance work has
not introduced cross-connections or any other undesirable feature.
Any addition or alterations to the systems shall be duly recorded from time-
to-time.
Any temporary attachment fixed to a tap or outlet shall never be left in such
a position that back-siphonage of polluted water may occur into the supply
system.
All overflow pipes shall be examined and kept free from obstructions.
The electrical installation shall be checked for earth continuity and any
defects or deficiencies corrected in the case of hot water supply installations.
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Disinfection of Storage Tanks & down take pipes
The storage tanks and pipes is filled with water and thoroughly flushed out.
The storage tank shall then be filled with water again and a disinfecting chemical
containing chlorine is gradually added while the tanks are being filled, to ensure
thorough mixing.
The powder is mixed with water to a creamy consistency before being added to the
water in the storage tank.
When the storage tank is full, the supply is stopped and all the taps on the
distributing pipes opened.
Each taps are closed when the water discharged begins to smell of chlorine.
The bleach is allowed to remain in the system for around 12 hrs or sometimes more
Finally, the tank and pipes is thoroughly flushed out before any water is used for
domestic purposes.
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Cleaning of water storage tank
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzDbuSFAG4g – water tank cleaning process
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GaLiYCaHq4Y – how to eliminate algae growth in water tanks
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Water Distribution System
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Requirements of Good Distribution System
Provide even distribution with sufficient Pressure
Should be efficient during fire fighting
Cost effective and Economical
Easy to operate and maintain
Should be safe against water pollution, failure and damages
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Water Distribution system- components
Pipes – for distributing the water
Valves – For controlling water flow
Hydrants – for releasing water during fire breakouts
Meters – for measuring the water consumption
Pumps – for lifting water
Water tanks – for storing water
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Factors Influencing Selection of Water Distribution
Pipe Size in Buildings
Cost effectiveness
Pressure at the source of water
supply
types and number of fixtures and
flow that is needed.
Required pressure at each outlet
fixture
Total length of water distribution
pipes.
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Pipes Materials
Metallic pipes Cement pipes Plastic pipes
• Steel pipes • Concrete pipes • Plasticised polyvinyl
• Galvanised • Asbestos pipes chloride (PVC) pipes
iron pipes • medium density
• Cast iron pipes polyethylene (MDPE)
• Copper pipes • medium density
polyethylene cross
linked (PEX)
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Specifications for pipes
Water supply pipes should be suitable for the expected
temperatures and pressures.
Pipe materials and components must not contaminate potable
water.
They should be suitable for the ground conditions and local
climate.
Should able to withstand UV effects (if used outdoors).
Pipes should be durable, ease to install, and cost effective.
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Valves
Valves are used to stop and
regulate the flow of water.
Most valves are available in
different materials, including
bronze, brass, and PVC plastic.
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Gate Valve
Gate valves are among the most commonly used
valves in plumbing applications.
Gate valves are designed to be fully open
(allowing full flow) or fully closed (stopping the
flow entirely).
Gate valves are very reliable for closing off the
water supply, and they are commonly used as
shutoff valves on main and branch water supply
lines.
They are most commonly used in applications
where the water needs to be shut off only
infrequently.
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Ball Valve
Ball valves are most reliable type of valve and are
commonly used for main water shutoffs and for
branch line shutoffs.
Like gate valves, a ball valve is designed to be
either fully open to allow full flow, or fully closed
to stop all water flow.
This valve is connected with a lever-type outer
handle, when the handle is parallel to the water
supply pipe, the valve is open; when it is
perpendicular, the valve is closed.
This handle serves as a handy visual aid so you
know at a glance whether the water is ON or OFF.
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Globe Valve
Globe valves are used to regulate or
throttle the flow of water in plumbing
applications.
Globe valves are usually installed when the
flow of water needs to be regulated or
when it needs to be adjusted regularly.
This valve has a stem that can be used to
precisely control the volume of water
flowing through the valve.
Because globe valves are good for regulating flow, they are often
used for outdoor faucets (hose bibs) and similar utility faucets.
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Butterfly Valve
Butterfly valves are used to precisely
adjust the volume of flow.
Butterfly valves are used primarily in
industrial applications and are not
commonly found in household plumbing
systems
One notable drawback of a butterfly
valve is that the gasket inside the valve
can present maintenance issues after a
few years.
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Fixture Shut off Valve (Stop Valve)
Fixture shutoff valves are small
valves with small twist handles or
knobs, used to control water flow to
individual plumbing fixtures, such as
faucets and toilets.
Shut off valves allow you to work on
a faucet or other fixture without
having to shut off the water to the
whole house at the main shutoff
valve.
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Pressure-Reducing Valve
Water pressure-reducing valves are installed to reduce
the overall water pressure in a plumbing system to the
desired or accepted limits.
They normally have a spring and diaphragm that is
adjusted to a specific limit, depending on the pressure
of the water supply.
Pressure-reducing valves are not used to open or close
the water flow, but rather to throttle it down to reduce
overall water pressure.
They are commonly used in homes that receive
relatively high-pressure water from the municipal
water supply, where the pressure might be sufficient to
damage house plumbing systems and appliances.
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Check Valve
A check valve is a specialty valve used to keep water
flowing in one direction only and prevent flow in the
opposite direction.
These valves are used in outdoor faucets and on lawn
sprinkler systems
Air Valves
Air valve used to release this free air is known as
an air release valve.
The safe and efficient operation of a liquid piping system is
dependent on the continual removal of air and wastewater
gases from the liquid piping system.
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Water pumps & water pressure
They are machines for moving water
Residential water pressure tends to range between 45 and 80 psi (pounds per
square inch).
Pressures above 80 psi are too high which carries with it a significantly
increased risk of damage to pipes, joints, fixtures and seals - not to mention
increased water waste.
Whereas low water pressure is more of a nuisance than a serious problem
(some fixtures, like washing machines, have minimum pressure requirements).
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Water Pumps
and
water pressure
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Cold & Hot water distribution
System
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Water Distribution
Layouts Terrace
level
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Water Distribution Layout Inside bathroom
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Thank you
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
