Humans copied the animals particularly in the basics of swimming such as:

▪ Dolphin – butterfly stroke

Butterfly stroke is imitated from the dolphins but in the humans,
the upper extremities are extended)

▪ Dog – dog style stroke or langoy aso

Sketches – uses charcoal pencil

Painting – uses paint

Distorted image
Realism
▪ Sculpture – Machete 1 & 2
✓ Machete 1 – Cesar Montano (no organ)
✓ Machete 2 – sculptured in Paete, Laguna owned by Robi Tan
(may organ)
▪ Igloo

Swimming is part of the training of Greeks and Roman warriors during middle
ages because swimming is perfect exercise. It is called perfect exercise
because all the parts of your body move.

2 Big cities in Greece:

1. Athens
▪ Perfect for aesthetic value of the body
▪ Gymnastic
▪ Swimming
▪ Children have freedom
▪ If you want to be an athlete or an army, you will undergo a
challenge to test if you have good character, kind, and family
background has scholastic record
▪ Need to have good body structure/shape

2. Sparta
▪ Children have no freedom. They cannot play or enjoy their early
age
▪ They are under the government
▪ If a child was born weak, he will be brought to Mt. Taygetus and
will let him die.
▪ As early as six years old, children were put into the barracks to
undergo training and be a powerful army in the near future.
▪ Once they turn 21, they are already an army
▪ Parents are more proud to their deceased child if it dies fighting
for the country rather than those who are still alive.

The Greek, Romans, Anglo Saxon and Scandinavian’s classical heroes dealt
with the greatest feast of swimming prowess.

Components of Physical Fitness:

▪ Health-related component of fitness includes:

1. Cardio respiratory Endurance - refers to the ability of the heart,
lungs and the blood vessels to supply oxygen and nutrients to the
working muscles efficiently in order to sustain prolonged rhythmical
 exercises and an example of it is running.

2. Muscular Strength or the ability of the muscle to generate the

greatest force and an example of it is weight lifting.

3. Muscular Endurance or the ability of the muscle to resist fatigue

when performing multiple repetitions of a sub maximal load and an
example of it is push-ups.

4. Flexibility which is the ability to move a joint without pain over its
entire range of motion and an example of it is sit and reach.

5. Body Composition or the total make-up of the body using the

concept of two component model the lean body mass and the body
fat, an example of it is waist circumference.

▪ Skill-related fitness components includes:

1. Agility or the ability to move and change direction and position of

the body quickly and effectively while under control.

2. Balance or the ability to stay upright or stay in control of body

movement either stationery or while moving.

3. Coordination or the ability to move two or more body parts under

control.

4. Power or the ability to exert maximum force very quickly.

5. Reaction time or the ability to respond quickly to a stimulus.

6. Speed or the ability to perform a task or cover a distance in shortest

time possible.

Weight management – control of food that you eat

History of Swimming

Human beings have been swimming for thousands of years. One of the
earliest representations of swimming is an ancient Egyptian wall relief that
shows soldiers of Pharaoh Ramses II (reigned 1290-1224 BC) pursuing their
enemies by swimming across the Orontes River between ancient Egypt and
Asia Minor. Swimming was highly esteemed in ancient Greece and Rome,
especially as a form of training for warriors. In Japan, competitions were held
as early as the 1st century BC. In Europe, swimming was less popular during
the Middle Ages (5th century to 15th century), when immersion in water was
sometimes associated with their current epidemic diseases of the time. The
crawl stroke was probably invented independently in various areas of the
world several hundred years ago. Swimmers in South America and the South
Pacific used crawl-like strokes long before they were used in Europe. Native
Americans also used an overarm crawl stroke. In 1844 two members of the
Native American Ojibwa tribe named The Flying Gull and Tobacco traveled to
England, where they defeated local champion sand became national
celebrities. By the 19th century European misconceptions about the dangers
of swimming had been dispelled. In the late 19th century amateur swimming
clubs began conducting competitions in the United States and Britain. In the
United Different Swimming Strokes.

The Major Strokes Four of the five main swimming strokes—the crawl,
backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly—are used both in competition and
recreation. The fifth major stroke, the sidestroke, is slower than the
competitive strokes and is used primarily as are creational and life-saving
technique. The Major Strokes Four of the five main swimming strokes—the
crawl, backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly—are used both in competition
and recreation. The fifth major stroke, the sidestroke, is slower than the
competitive strokes and is used primarily as a recreational and life-saving
technique.

Competitive swimming began in England.

Swimming can either be competitive or recreational
In England particularly in London, the meet began in 1862. After 4 years,
swimming for man was included in the first modern Olympic games in
Athens, Greece.

Olympics happened every 4 years

1912 when women are included in the Olympic game in Stockholm

J Arthur Trudgen – an English man who refine the crawl stroke in 1880

In 1906, Charles Daniels developed the American crawl which was molded
after the Australian crawl

Swimming technique then evolve constantly as swimmers search for way to

improve their performance

American swimmer David Berkoff perfected the technique in 1980s

International events featured several new formals during the 1990s Goodwill
game. Goodwill game use highly success dual meet format. They competed
against each other in round robin.

Susie Maroney – (1997) first person to swim the 169 km straight from
Havana, Cuba, and Key West, Florida. (1998) The following year she
competed in the 206 km or 128 miles swim from Isla Mujeres, Mexico to Las
Tumbas Beach in Cuba. (1999) She swam the 196 km or 100 miles from
Jamaica to Cuba.

Mujeres – Girl
Ombres – Boys
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SWIMMING IN THE PHILIPPINES

The Filipinos needed motivation to appreciate swimming as a competitive

sport. This is due to the fact that their ancestors were sea-faring people
owing to the more than 7,100 islands which compose this country. The
American military men introduced swimming as a comparative sport in the
country.

Through the pioneering efforts of Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA)

leaders working among the American Military forces, the rudiments of the
sports were impressed upon the Filipinos who saw in 1907 the construction
of the first swimming pool in the country at Fort McKinley YMCA.

The holding of the first dual swimming meet between Manila YMCA and the
Fort McKinley YMCA in 1910 marked the formal inception in the Philippines
of swimming as a competitive sport. This initial competition among members
of the defunct Philippine Scouts of the US Army in the Philippines with the
motive power of the YMCA which was later joined by the American
Columbian Club in the effort, kindled Filipino interest in the sport.

In 1911, Filipinos watched avidly from the sidelines as the first swimming
championship meet was held at the American Columbian Club swimming
pool with competing American team from the Manila YMCA, the American
Columbian Club, and the USS Saratoga.

In the following year (1912), the Filipinos participated in the second

championship meet. Of the 42 individual entries, the late Condrado Benitez
emerged as the most outstanding Filipino swimmer.

During the Far Eastern Games held at Manila in 1913, the Philippine Team
composed of Condrado Benitez, J. del Pan, C. Aiville and L. Cristobal won the
championship against China and Japan.

The following decade, educational institutions, the first of which was the
University of the Philippines, followed later on by the Philippines Women's
University, trained swimmers.

In 1924, Teofilo Yldefonso, a Philippine Scout soldier of the US Army won

recognition as the greatest Filipino swimmer for his feats in national
championship meets, the Far East and Olympic Games. Muslims, Filipinos
from Sulu also made names in national championship competition. Great
muslim swimmers before World War II were Jikirum Adjalludin, Arasad Alpad,
Tuburan, Angkang Nakaria and Asdai Tahil.

The succeeding years up to 1951 saw the staging of the sixth Formosa -
Philippines Biennial-Swimming championship meets, the 9th and 10th Far
Eastern Games and the series of Manila-Hongkong Interport Swimming meets
wherein Filipino men and women swimmers showed outstanding
performance. They were Sotero Alcantara, Rene Amabuyok, Edilberto Bonus,
Jacinto Cayco, Nulsali Maddin, Mahamad Mala, Eugenio Palileo, Artemio
Salamat, Serafin Villanueva,

Artemio Villavieja, Lourdes Alba, Angela Fermin, Norma Guerrero, Andres

Ofilada, Ana Labayan, Encarnacion Partilo and Erudito Vito.

Women swimmers competed in the 1931 National Women's Swimming

Championship meet at the Rizal Memorial Pool where the University of the
Philippines won. The PWU Women's team won the championship in 1934.
Women's participation in swimming competitions were held yearly since
then.

Swimming competitions were suspended during the Japanese occupation. It

was only in 1948 when swimming competitions were resumed. The first Asian
games held in New Delhi in 1951 gave the Filipino swimmers the opportunity
to participate once again in international competition. Among the swimmers
were Artemio Salamat, Jacinto Cayco and Nurhatab Rajab.

The second Asian games was held in Manila in 1954. Our swimmers who
earned honors for our country were Parson Nabiula, Amado Jimenez, Robert
Cullins, Haydee Coloso, Norma Yldefonso, Sandra Von Geise, Lolita Ramirez,
Corazon Cullen, Bana Sailani, Agapito Lozada, Raul Badulis and Jacinto Cayco.
The participants to the third Asian Games in Tokyo in 1958 brought honors to
the country. They were Bana Sailani, Walter Brown, Rodolfo Agustin, Lorenzo
Cortez, Haydee Coloso, Gertrudes Lozada, Sylvia Von Geise, Victoria Cagayat,
and Jocelyn Von Geise.

The fourth Asian Games at Jakarta, Indonesia in 1962 marked another

significant victory for the Filipino swimmers. They placed second. The
standouts were Haydee Espino, Gertrudes Lozada, Sampang Hassan, Rolando
Landrito and Annurhussin Hamsain.

Participation of Filipino swimmers continued. In 1962, the Federation System

under Republic Act 3135 was inaugurated.

PASA launched a relatively-well-rounded and systematic program of

development for the purpose of reinforcing the Philippines against the
challenges from other countries. The first age group overseas program was
the Philippines-Hongkong YMCA which started in 1968. From then on,
Hongkong and Philippines is hosting alternately for this annual swim meet.
This program continued on until 1978.

1 In 1970, the First Asian Age Group was hosted by Singapore . This is the first
age group swimming team sent by the Philippine Amateur Swimming
Association. Powerhouse Japan and China were included in this yearly swim
event. There were 16 age groupers who represented the country. Philippines
came in second behind host Singapore which had more swimmers than any
of the participating teams. The mere fact that we beat Japan and China at the
time was an enormous feat for the team. The asian age group went on until
1976. In 1977 the Southeast Asian (SEA) Age Group was born, hosted by
Singapore , and later on, the ASEAN.

With the leadership of Eduardo Ledesma and former national standouts like ,
Ral Rosario and Eric Buhain, PASA attained remarkable progress in the
development of swimming. Such projects as Regular Age Group
Competitions, Coach to Coach Program, Annual Summer
1 Contributed by Grace Luna

Development Program, Olympic Development Swimming Program,

Community Pools Construction Program, Milo Learn to Swim Program and
National Swimming Grand Prix were launched.

Today, a fresh start in Philippine Swimming is now unfolding with the

creation of Aquatics Sports Association of the Philippines (ASAP). ASAP is a
non-stock, non-profit organization registered with the Securities and
Exchange Commission. As stated in its Articles of Incorporation, ASAP aims
“to promote swimming and other aquatic sports throughout the country; and
to recruit, train and develop world-class athletes to represent our country in
various international competitions.” ASAP is headed by Atty. Luz Arzaga-
Mendoza as president, with Atty. Jane Ong as vice-president; Susan Papa,
secretary; Beth Mascardo of synchronized swimming, treasurer; Augusto
Bonilla and Cesar Espino, trustees.

The swimming association is also strengthening its membership base and

renewing its campaign for both individuals and group to unite under the
ASAP banner. It is now working on the education and certification of all local
swim coaches and instructors with the end in view of upgrading the quality of
coaching in the Philippines. This will involve a series of level of certification
for those concerned in the different aspect of coaching.

At present, the ASAP leadership is committed to a policy of good governance

and will be transparent in all its affairs, hiding nothing and simply working
towards the betterment of swimming in the country.