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Social Science Section Ii - Chapter 4 Forest Society and Colonialism

The document discusses the history of forestry and colonialism in India. It describes how the British established scientific forestry practices, banned many traditional forest uses through the Indian Forest Act of 1865, and faced rebellions from groups like the Dhurwas people of Bastar due to exploitation. Similar transformations occurred under the Dutch in Java, Indonesia.

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161 views5 pages

Social Science Section Ii - Chapter 4 Forest Society and Colonialism

The document discusses the history of forestry and colonialism in India. It describes how the British established scientific forestry practices, banned many traditional forest uses through the Indian Forest Act of 1865, and faced rebellions from groups like the Dhurwas people of Bastar due to exploitation. Similar transformations occurred under the Dutch in Java, Indonesia.

Uploaded by

ytakwale
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SOCIAL SCIENCE

SECTION II – CHAPTER 4
Forest Society and Colonialism

Deforestation

Forests form an important part of our ecosystem and


are beneficial to us in various ways.
Deforestation is the process of clearing of forests by
removing trees through logging or burning.
Causes of deforestation are cultivation, timber for
building ships, trains and railway line sleepers,
plantations, and the demand for fodder, leaves and
fuel by the Adivasis.
The effects of deforestation include soil erosion,
disturbance in the water cycle, extinction of plants
and animals, and rendering of forest dwellers
homeless.
Rise of Commercial Forestry

Dietrich Brandis was appointed the first Inspector


General of Forests in India.
He set up the Indian Forest Service in 1864 and
helped formulate the Indian Forest Act of 1865.
Brandis founded the Imperial Forest Research
Institute at Dehradun in 1906.
He introduced and started the practice of ‘scientific
forestry’ or commercial forestry in India.
Impacts of the Indian Forest Act

The Indian Forest Act of 1865 had several impacts on


the lives of various people.
The daily practices of cutting wood, collecting fruits
and roots, and fishing – were banned.
The British banned hunting of small animals but
encouraged hunting of wild animals by giving
rewards.
They also banned shifting cultivation.

Rebellion in the Forests

Rebellion arose in the forests of Bastar in 1910.


The people of Bastar were exploited to pay increased
land rents, work for free and provide free goods to
the government officials.
The initiative for rebelling against the British was
taken by the Dhurwas of the Kangar forest.
One prominent name associated with these rebellions
is that of Gunda Dhur a rebel leader from a village
was named Nethanar.
The British had to suspend the work of forest
reservation and reduce the area to be reserved to half
of the original proposed.
Forest Transformations in Java

The development and transformation of the forests in


India and Java in Indonesia are similar to a great
extent.
Forest management, large-scale deforestation and
shifting cultivation were also practiced in Java.

Like the people of Bastar, the Kalangs also rebelled


against the Dutch. Surontiko Samin took the initiative
to stand up against the Dutch.

Both the Dutch in Java and the British in India


exploited the forest resources to meet their war
needs.

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