SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

PreCalculus
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Mathematical Induction
Precalculus – Grade 11
Quarter 1– Module 3: Mathematical Induction
First Edition, 2021

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 11

PreCalculus
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Mathematical Induction
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our
dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at
home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide
you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson
prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on
lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on
completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or
your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson.
At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to
self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher
are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks
on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in
answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

ii
 Let Us Learn!

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master how to illustrate and solve accurately situational problems
involving mathematical induction. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes
the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are also arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read
them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module has two lessons.

The first lesson is about series. After going through the lesson, you are
expected to:
1. illustrate a series STEM_PC11SMI-lh-1
2. differentiate a series from a sequence STEM_PC11SMI-lh-2

The second lesson is about sigma notation. After going through the
lesson, you are expected to:

1. use the sigma notation to represent a series STEM_PC11SMI-lh-1

2. apply the use of sigma notation in finding sums

1
Lesson

1 Series

Let Us Try!

Directions: Read the following questions comprehensively. Encircle the

letter of the correct answer.

1. 1. Which of the following item illustrates a series?

A. 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, …. C. 12 + 22 + 32 + … + 102

1 1 1 1
B. , , , , …. D. 1+0 .1+0 .001 + 0.0001
3 6 9 12

2. Which of the following item illustrates a sequence?

A. 1, 2, 4, 8, ... C. 12 + 22 + 32 + … + 102

B. – 1 + 1 – 1 + 1 – 1 D. 1+0 .1+0 .001 + 0.0001

3. What kind of sequence is 5, 7, 9, 11, 13?

A. Arithmetic C. Geometric

B. Harmonic D. Fibonacci

4. Find the 7th term of the sequence 1, 2, 6, 24, …

A. 9,000 C. 5,040

B. 720 D. 120

5. What kind of sequence is 1, 5, 25, 125, 625?

A. Arithmetic C. Geometric

B. Harmonic D. Fibonacci

Let Us Study

2
 Sequence and series are important concepts in many branches of
Mathematics. Its applications are numerous in the different fields, this
includes biology, physics, investments, accountancy, and arts. Many of
the mathematical problems can be related to sequence and series.

In this lesson, we will illustrate what is a series and can

differentiate a series from a sequence. We will also review the definitions
and different types of sequences and series.

Suppose you have this pattern below:

How many dots have you observed for each figure?

What would be the next figure looks like? Can you guess what the
pattern is?
How many dots would you need to build the 20th triangle?

Problems like this form patterns called sequence and finding the
total number of dots needed to form each triangle involve finding their
sum and such sum is called a series.

Recall the following definitions:

A sequence is a function whose domain is the set of positive integers

or the set {1, 2, 3, ..., n}.

A series represents the sum of the terms of a sequence.

If a sequence is finite, we will refer to the sum of the terms of
the sequence as the series associated with the sequence. If the
sequence has infinitely many terms, the sum is defined more
precisely in calculus.
A "series" is what you get when you add up all the terms of a
sequence; the addition, and the resulting value, are called the "sum" or

3
the "summation". For instance, "1, 2, 3, 4" is a sequence, with terms "1",
"2", "3", and "4"; the corresponding series is the sum "1 + 2 + 3 + 4", and
the value of the series is 10.

A sequence is a list of numbers (separated by commas), while a

series is a sum of numbers (separated by “+” or “−” sign). As an
−1 1 1 1 1 1 7
illustration, 1, , ,− , is a sequence, and 1,- , ,− ,= is its
2 3 4 2 3 4 12
associated series.

The sequence with nth term is usually denoted by {a n}, and the
associated series is given by
S = a1 + a2 + a3 + … + an

Difference between sequence and series:

Sequence Series
Set of elements that follow a Sum of elements of the sequence
pattern
Order of elements is important Order of elements is not so
important

Finite sequence: 1,2,3,4,5 Finite series: 1+2+3+4+5

Infinite sequence: 1,2,3,4, … Infinite Series: 1+2+3+4+…
A finite series is the sum of the first n terms of a sequence. It is
also referred to as the nth partial sum of a sequence. An infinite series
is the sum of all the terms of an infinite sequence.
An example of sequence
2, 4, 6, 8, 10
An example of series
2+4+6+8+10

TYPES OF SEQUENCE AND SERIES

4
 An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which each term after the
first is obtained by adding a constant (called the common
difference) to the preceding term.

If the nth term of an

arithmetic sequence is an
and the common difference
is d, then,
The associated arithmetic
series with n terms is given
by

ARITHMETIC SERIES
An arithmetic series is the sum of an arithmetic sequence.
Formulas for Arithmetic Series:
n
Sn = (a + a n ¿
2 1
n
Sn = [2a 1 + (n - 1) d]
2
where;
a 1 is the first term

a n is the nth term

n is the number of terms

d is the common difference

Example 1. Find the sum of all multiples of 5 between 1 and 100.

Solution: a 1 = 5 a n = 100 d=5

First, we determine how many multiples of 5 (n) there are between 1

and 100.

Use the formula, 𝑎𝑛 = a 1 + (𝑛 − 1) 𝑑

100 = 5 + (n – 1) 5

5
 100 = 5 + 5n – 5
100 = 5n
20 = n

n
To find the sum, we use the formula, 𝑠𝑛 = (a 1 + a n)
2

20
Sn = (5 + 100)
2

S20 = 1,050
Example 2. A family saves Php 1000 in January, Php 1200 in February,
Php 1400 in March and so on. How much will they save in one year?

Solution: Find S12

1000, 1200, 1400, …
n = one year = 12 months
d = Php 200
n
Use the formula, Sn = [2a 1 + (n – 1)d]
2
12
S12 = [2(1000) + (12 – 1) 200]
2
= 6 [2000 + 11(200)]
= 6 (2000 + 2200)
S12 = Php 25, 200 is the amount of money they will save in
one year.

An geometric sequence is a sequence in which each term after the

first is obtained by multiplying the preceding term by a constant (called the
common ratio).

GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE AND GEOMETRIC SERIES

A geometric sequence is a sequence of numbers in which the ratio
between consecutive terms is constant. The formula for the nth term of a
geometric sequence is
a n=¿ar n−1
¿

6
 where a is the first term and r is the ratio.
A geometric series results from adding the terms of a geometric
sequence.
The formula for the sum of a finite geometric series is
n
a(1−r ¿¿ n)
Sn = ∑ ar i−1= 1−r
¿, r ≠ 1
i=1

where n is the number of terms, a is the first term and r is the

ratio
The formula for the sum of an infinite geometric series is
n
a
Sn = ∑ ar i−1= 1−r , |r|< ¿1
i=1

where a is the first term and r is the ratio

If |r| ≥ 1, then the infinite series does not have a sum

Example. Find x so that x – 1, 2x – 2, and 3x + 6 are terms of a

geometric sequence.
Solution: Let r the common ratio of the geometric sequence
Since r1 = r2 then we have,
2 x−2 3 x +6
x −1
= 2 x−2
(2𝑥 − 2) (2𝑥 − 2) = (3𝑥 + 6) (𝑥 − 1)
4x2 – 8x + 4 = 3x2 + 3x – 6
4x2 – 8x + 4 – (3x2 + 3x – 6) = 0
x2 – 11x + 10 = 0
(x – 10)(x – 1) = 0
x = 10, 1
Let’s try x = 10, the sequence is 9, 18, 36 - geometric sequence
x= 1, the sequence is 0, 0, 9 – not geometric sequence.

Therefore, the value of x that make the terms a geometric sequence is

10.

A sequence whose reciprocals form an arithmetic sequence is

called a harmonic sequence.
General rule for Harmonic sequence
1
a n= 1
a + ( n−1 ) d

7
 A sequence which is not either arithmetic nor geometric
sequence is called the Fibonnaci sequence. The next term after the first
two terms is obtained by adding the two preceding terms. The nth term
of a Fibonacci sequence can be obtained by the formula:

an = an – 1 + an – 2 for n > 2

Example: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, …

Example. Determine the first five terms of each defined sequence and
give their associated series.
a. (- 2n)n b. 5n – 2

Solution: We denote the nth term of a sequence by a n, and S = a 1 + a 2 +

a3 + … + an

a. a 1 = (- 2n)n
First five terms: a 1 = [- 2(1)]1 = - 2, a 2 = [- 2(2)]2 = 16, a 3 = - 216,
a 4 = 4096, a 5 = - 100000
Associated series: S5 = - 2 + 16 – 216 + 4096 – 100000 = - 96106

b. a 1 = 5n – 2
First five terms: a 1 = 5(1) – 2 = 3, a 2 = 5(2) – 2 = 8, a 3 = 13, a 4 =
18, a 5 = 23
Associated series: S5 = 3 + 8 + 13 + 18 + 23 = 65

Let Us Practice
A. Find the first five terms and the S n of each of the defined
sequence. Item number 1 is done for you.
1. 3𝑛+1
Ans. a n = 3𝑛+1
a 1 = 31+1 = 32 = 9
a 2 = 32+1 = 33 = 27
a 3 = 33+1 = 34 = 81
a 4 = 34+1 = 35 = 243
a 5 = 35+1 = 36 = 729

8
 S5 = 9 + 27 + 81 + 243 + 729 = 1089

2. 𝑛2 + 5𝑛 + 6

3−2 n
3.
n+1

4. (𝑛 − 1)2

B. Write A if the sequence is arithmetic, G if it is geometric, H

if it is harmonic, F if Fibonacci, and O if it is not one of the mentioned
types.
_______ 1.) 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, ...

_______ 2.) 16, 25, 36, 49, ...,100

1 1 1 1 1
_______ 3.) , , , , ,…
5 9 13 17 21

1 2 3 4
_______ 4.) , , ,
3 9 27 81

_______ 5.) 1, 1, 2, 3, 5…

Let Us Practice More

Find the indicated sum of each series.
1. 2 + 4 + 8 + …; S15

9 27
2. 3 + + +…
2 4

4 8 16
3. 2 + + + + …; S10
3 9 27

4. 3 + 11 + 19 + … + 227

5. 𝑎𝑛 = 7𝑛 − 3; S12

Let Us Remember
Fill in the blank with the correct word or phrase to make
each statement true.
1. If |𝑟| ____ 1, then the infinite geometric series does not have a sum.
2. A_____ is a sum of numbers (separated by “+” or “-“ sign).

9
 3. A_____ is a set of elements that follow a pattern.
4. The ellipsis dot indicate that the sequence is _____________.
5. Each term of an arithmetic sequence is computed by ________ the
preceding term by the common difference.

Let Us Assess

Directions: Read the following questions comprehensively.

Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. The order of elements is not so important.

A. geometric series C. series

B. sequence D. common difference

2. Set of elements that follow a pattern.

A. common difference C. sequence

B. geometric series D. series

3. What kind of sequence is 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, …?

A. Arithmetic C. Geometric

B. Harmonic D. Fibonacci

1 1 1 1
4. What kind of sequence is , , , , ….?
3 6 9 12

A. Arithmetic C. Geometric

B. Harmonic D. Fibonacci

5. Find the sum of the arithmetic series: 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36
A. 167 C.176

B. 177 D.168

10
 Let Us Enhance
Solve the following word problems involving sequence and series.
1. A stack of milk boxes displayed in a grocery store has 6 boxes in
the bottom row, 5 boxes in the second row, 4 in the next row, and so
on. How many boxes are in the stack?

2. Emilio receives offers from two companies. Company A pays ₱

90,000 yearly with raises of ₱ 12,000 a year. Company B pays ₱
120,000 yearly with raises of ₱ 5,000 a year. If you were Emilio which
offer are you going to take? Explain

3. Find the sum of all multiples of 6 between 1 and 100

Let Us Reflect

Series and sequence number is to designing structure and buildings,

predict the possibility of an event, example a number of pattern of nature –
leaves and flowers with similar structure, ripples on the lake, and the
symmetry of a starfish and many more.

Mathematical sequences and series are also used in business and

financial analysis to assist in decision-making and find the best solution to
a given problem. Some organizations use quantitative analysis in risk
assessment and management, making investment decisions, pricing and
many more in important functions.

11
Lesson
2 Sigma Notation

Let Us Try!
Directions: Read the following questions comprehensively.
Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Express the sum using sigma notation: – 3 + 8 – 17 + 32

4 4
A. ∑ ¿¿) 𝑘−1
(𝑘 + 2 )
2 𝑘
C. ∑ ¿¿)𝑘 (2𝑘 + 𝑘)
k =1 k =1

4 4
B. ∑ ¿¿) 𝑘
(𝑘 + 2 )
2 𝑘
D. ∑ ¿¿)𝑘 (𝑘2 + 3)
k =1 k =1

6
2. Evaluate the sum of ∑ 10 − 5𝑛.
n =2

A. 50 B. – 50 C. 55 D. – 55

6
3. Evaluate ∑ ¿¿)𝑘 2𝑘
k =1

A. – 8 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10

3 4 5 6
4. Express the sum 2 + + + + using sigma notation.
2 3 4 5
5 5
( k +1 ) (−1)k
A. ∑ k +1
k
C. ∑
k
k =1 k =1

5 5
k
B. ∑ D. ∑ 2+k
k =1 k +1 k
k =1

8
5. For the series ∑ 4 n, find the number of terms in the series.
n =1

A. 7 terms C. 16 terms

B. 8 terms D. 9 terms

12
 Let Us Study

In this lesson we look at ways of using sigma notation and

establish some useful rules. In order to master the techniques explained
here it is vital that you undertake plenty of practice exercises so that
they become second nature.

Have you ever devised a tool or found an ingenuous way of doing

things that helped simplify your work?

Suppose you have to find the sum of all multiples of 2 from numbers 1
up to 100. Then you will write,
2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + 14 + 16 + 18 + …. + 100.
You will be writing a long list of numbers until you reach to the last
number which 100. But if we can see pattern with the sequence, it will
be convenient to denote this sum into a shorter and more concise way
possible.

In the previous lesson, we discussed series which means the sum

of the sequence denoted by the expression a 1 + a 2+ a 3 + … + a n. A more
concise way to express the sum a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + … + a n is to use the
summation notation or sigma notation.

Sigma notation is a way of writing a sum of many terms, in a

concise form. A sum in sigma notation looks something like this:

Note:
Any letter can be used
for the index of
summation. The
letters i, 𝑗, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 are
commonly used.

13
 The uppercase Greek letter Σ (sigma) indicates that a sum is being
taken. The variable 𝑖 is called the index of the summation. The numbers
at the top and bottom of the Σ are called the upper and lower limits of
the summation.
For example, we have this notation:

∑3k
i=1

In this case, the upper limit is 5, and the lower limit is 1. The
notation means that we will take every integer value of k between 1 and
5 (so 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) and plug them each into the summand formula
(here that formula is 3k). Then those are all added together.
5

∑ 3 k = 3(1) + 3(2) +3(3) + 3(4) + 3(5) = 45.

i=1

Speaking Mathematically,
5

∑3k is read as “the sum of 3k a k goes from 1 to 5”

i=1

Writing and Evaluating Sums in Sigma Notation

Example1. Write each summation and evaluate the series if possible.

4 n
1. ∑ k +8 3. ∑ 4j
k =2 j=1

5 6
2. ∑2 i +1
4. ∑ kk−2
+2
i=0 k=0

Solution: We apply the definition of sigma notation.

4
1. ∑ k +8 = (2 + 8) + (3 + 8) + (4 + 8) + (5 + 8) + (6 + 8) + (7 + 8)
k=2

= 75

14
 5
2. ∑ 2i +1= 20+1 + 21+1 + 22+1 + 23+1 + 24+1 + 25+1 = 126
i=0

n
j1 j j j
3. ∑ 4j =
4
,+ 2 ,+ 3 ,+…+ n
4 4 4
j=1

6
0−2 1−2 2−2 3−2 4−2 5−2 6−2
4. ∑ kk−2
+2
=
0+2
+
1+2
+
2+2
+
3+2
+
4 +2
,+
5+2
,+
6+2
,+
k=0

−2 1 0 1 2 3 4 9
= - + + + + + =
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 70

Example 2. Write the following series using sigma notation.

1. 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 +17
1 1 1 1
2. + + + +….
4 8 16 32

3. a 2 + a 4 + a 6+ a 8 + ⋯ + a 20

4 9 16 25 81
4. + + + +…
3 4 5 6 10

Solution:
1. Observe that the terms in the series are the product of 2 and the
positive integers 2,3,4,5, and so on increased by 1, expressed as 2k +
1. Note that 1 is not included in the series. Thus, k starts from to 2
and ends with 8. Therefore, the corresponding sigma notation is
denoted by,
7

∑ 2 k +1
k =2

2. General term can be expressed as 2(−ⅈ). Since, the series is an infinite

series then the terms are infinite.
Where 𝑖 starts with 2 to infinity. Thus,
∞

∑ 2−i
i=2

3. a 2 + a 4 + a 6 + a 8 + ⋯ + a 20 = a 2(1) + a 2(2) + a 2(3) + a 2(4) + ⋯ + a 2(10)

10
= ∑ a2 i
i=1

15
 10
4 9 16 25 81 k −12
4. - +
3 4 5
+
6
+ …+
10
= ∑ k
k =3

The sigma notation of a sum expression is not necessarily unique. For

example, the last item in the preceding example can also be expressed
in sigma notation as follows:
8
1 1 1 1 1 1 +1 1
1+ + + +
2 4
+ +
8 16 32 64 +
128
= ∑ 2k−1
k =1

However, this last sigma notation is equivalent to the one given in the
example.

RULE: PROPERTIES OF SIGMA NOTATION

Here are some important properties of sums expressed in summation

notation.

Property Example
4 8

∑ c=cn ∑ 5=5 ( 8 ) = 40
k =2 k =1
n n 3

∑ cak = 𝑐∑ ak 2∑ k =2 ( 1 +2 + 3 )
2 2 2 2

k =1 k =1 k =1
3

c any real number ∑ 2 k 2=¿ ¿ 2(1)2 + 2(22) + 2(32) = 28

k =1

2(14) = 28
3 3
Conclusion: ∑ 2 k 2=¿ ¿ 2 ∑ k 2
k =1 k =1

3
n

∑ (ai ± bi ) ∑ (i2−i)= (12 – 1) + (22 – 2) + (32 – 3)

i=1
i=1
=8
3 3
n n
∑ i2−∑ i¿ ¿= (12+22+32) - (1+2+3)
= ∑ ai ± ∑ b i i=1 i=3
i=1 i=1 = 14 – 6 = 8

TELESCOPING SUM PROPERTY:

16
 n

∑ ¿¿ 𝒇(𝒊 + 𝟏) − 𝒇(𝒊)] = 𝒇(𝒏 + 𝟏) − 𝒇(𝒎)

i=m

SUM OF THE POWERS OF THE INTEGERS

Now, we're going to look at the sum of the whole number powers of the
natural numbers.

Sigma Notation = Closed Form Expanded

∑ 1=n 1 + 1 + 1 + ... + 1 (n times)

k =1

4
n( n+1)
∑ k= 2
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n
k =2

n
n(n+ 1)(2 n+1)
∑ k 2= 6
1 + 4 + 9 + … + n2
k =2

n
n2 (n+1)2
∑k = 3
4
1 + 8 + 27 + … + n3
k =1

n
(n+1)(2 n+1)(3 n ¿¿ 2+3 n−1)
∑ k 4 =n 30
¿ 1 + 8 + 27 + … + n 4
k =1

n
n2 ( n+1 )2 (2 n2+ 2n−1)
∑ k 5=
k =1 12
1 + 32 + 243 + … + n5

Note: The summation must begin with i = 1 in order to use the given
formulas.

Proof

17
We have
n

∑ cak = ca 1 + ca 2 + ca 3 + ⋯ + ca n
k =1

= c ¿ ¿ + a2 + a3 + ⋯ + an ¿

n
= c ∑ ak
k=1

We have
n

∑ (ai ± bi ) = (a 1 + b 1) + (a 2 + b 2) + (a 3 + b 3) + ⋯ + (a n + b n)
i=1

= (a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛) + (b 1 + b 2 + 𝑏3 + ⋯ + b 3)

n n
= ∑ ai + ∑ b 𝒊
i=1 i=1

We have
n

∑ c= 𝑐(𝑛 − 𝑚 + 1)
i=m

=𝑐+𝑐+𝑐+⋯+𝑐

= 𝒄(𝒏 − 𝒎 + 𝟏) □
A special case of the above result which you might encounter
more often is the following:
n

∑ c=cn
i=1

Proof.
n

∑ ¿¿ 𝑓 (𝑖 + 1) − 𝑓(𝑖)] = [𝑓 (𝑚 + 1) − 𝑓(𝑚)] + [𝑓 (𝑚 + 2) – 𝑓 (𝑚 + 1)] +

i=m

[𝑓 (𝑚 + 3) – 𝑓 (𝑚 + 2)] + … + [𝑓 (𝑛 + 1) − 𝑓(𝑛)]

Note that the terms, 𝑓 (𝑚 + 1), 𝑓 (𝑚 + 2), …, 𝑓(𝑛), all cancel out. Hence,
we have

18
 n

∑ ¿¿ 𝑓 (𝑖 + 1) − 𝑓(𝑖)] = 𝑓 (𝑛 + 1) – 𝑓 (𝑚)
i=m

15
Example 3. Evaluate ∑ ¿¿8i - 4)
i=1

15 15 15
Solution: ∑ 8i − 4) = ∑ 8i - ∑ 4
i=1 i=1 i=1

15 15
=8 ∑i - ∑4
i=1 i=1

=8 – 4(15)
= 960 – 60
= 900

Let Us Practice

Write each series using sigma notation. Item number 1 is done for
you.
1. 0 + 2 + 4 + 6 + 8
5
Solution: n = 5, i = 0, d =2 Ans. ∑2i
i=0

2. – 8 – 18 – 32 – 50 – 72 – … – 200

3. 3√ 3 + 5√ 3 + 7√ 3 +…+39√ 3

9 27 81 243
4. 3 + + + +
2 4 8 16

5. (5 – 12) + (5 – 22) + (5 – 32) + … + (5 – 72)

Let Us Practice More

19
 Expand each summation.
∞
2 i
1. ∑ 10 ( )
i=0 5

10
2. ∑ 3−2i
i+1
i=3
3
3.∑ 5+ √ 4i
i=0

11
1
4.∑ (4) k-1
k =1 2

Let Us Remember

State whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE. Write your

answer before each item.

_______ 1. The lower limit of the summation should begin with 𝑖 = 0 to

use the properties of summation.
3
_______ 2. ∑ ( i2 +i )= ( 12−1 ) +( 22−2 ¿ )+(32−3)¿ is equivalent to
i=1

3 3
is equivalent ∑ i2−∑ i=( 12 ) +(22 ¿ )+ ( 32 ) −(1+2+3) ¿
i=1 i=1

_______ 3. Sigma notation is also called as summation notation.

5 i
9 27 81 243 3(3)
_______ 4. The sigma notation for 3 + +
2 4
+
8
+
16
is ∑ 2i
i=1

3
_______ 5. The expanded form of ∑ 5+ √ 4i is 6 + 7 + 9 + 13.
i=0

20
 Let Us Assess

Directions: Read the following questions comprehensively.

Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Use summation notation to write the series 49 + 54 + 59 + … for 14

terms.
14 14
A. ∑ (49+ 5 n) C. ∑ (44 +5 n)
n =1 n =1

13 44
B. ∑ (44 +5 n) D. ∑ (49+ 5 n)
n =1 n =1

2. Use summation notation to write the series 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + … for

10 terms.
10 10
A. ∑ 2n C. ∑n
n=0 n =1

10 10
B. ∑ (n+2) D. ∑ 2 n
n=0 n =1

3. Use summation notation to write the series 6.6 + 15.4 + 24.2 + …

for 5 terms.
5 4
A. ∑ (−2.2+8.8 n) C. ∑ (−2.2+8.8 n)
n =1 n=0

4 5
B. ∑ (−8.8+ 6.6 n) D. ∑ (−8.8+6.6 n)
n=0 n =1

∞
[Link] ∑ 2n.
n=0
A. 0 + 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 C. 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10

B. 0 + 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + … D. 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + …
4
[Link] the sum of notation ∑ (8.8−2.2 n).
n=0
A. 79.2 B. 46.2 C. 118.8 D. 77.0

Let Us Enhance

21
 Use the properties of sigma notation to evaluate the following
summations.

60
1. ∑ (5 i−3)
i=1

32
2. ∑ (k −1)
k =1

n
3. ∑ (1+2 i)
i=1

6
4.∑ 2 k
3

k =1

15 5
5. ∑ k 2 +∑ (4 k 2¿ 3)¿
k =1 k=1

Let Us Reflect

Summation notation is commonly used in the field of statistics. Also,

this concept is useful in performing in representing the arithmetic mean or
average of a given data set, statistical analysis of biological data like
performing an experiment in comparing the weight of the population.

22
 Answer key to Activities

LESSON 1

Let us Try Let Us Let Us Let Us Let Us

Practice Practice More Remember Assess
1. C
2. A A B 1. 65,534 1. ≥ 1. C
3. A 2. C
1. 1089 1. A 2. NO SUM 2. series
4. C 3. D
11
5. C 2. - 2. 3. 6 3. sequence 4. B
4 5. C
O 4. 3335 4. infinite
3. 160 3. H
4. 30 4. O 5. 510 5. adding
5. 80 5. F

LESSON 2

Let Us Let Us Practice Let Us Practice More

Try 5
20 21 22
1. A 1. ∑ 2i 1. 10
5
+ 10 + 10 +….
5 5
i=0
2. B
3. B 10 3−2(3) 3−2(4) 3−2(5)
4. A 2. ∑ −2(i2) 2.
3+1
,
4+1
,
5+1
i=2
5. B
18 3. (5 + √ 4 0)+(5 + √ 4 1)+(5 + √ 4 2)
3. ∑ (3+2 i) √3 1 0 1 1 1 2
i=0
4. + 4 + 4
4 4 24 2 2
3(3 k)
4. ∑ 3 k2 +1
k
or ∑
2k
k=0 k=0
Let Us Remember Let Us Assess

1. False 1. C
2. True 2. D
3. True 3. A
4. False 4. B
5. D
5. True

23
 References

"5.2: Sigma Notation and Limits of Finite Sums." Mathematics Libre Texts.
Last modified May 14, 2020.
[Link]
_Calculus_(Hass_et_al.)/5%3A_Integration/5.2%3A_Sigma_Notation
_and_Limits_of_Finite_Sums.

"7.4 - Mathematical Induction." Faculty & Staff Webpages. n.d.

[Link] html.

Bacani, Jerico [Link]. D, et. Al., Teaching Guide for Senior High School: Precalculus
(Quezon City: Commission on Higher Education, 2016), pp. 84 – 93.

DIWA Senior High School Series: Precalculus (Makati City: DIWA Learning Systems
Inc, 2016), pp. 81 – 95.

Esparrago, Mirla S., Manalo, Catalina B., and Reyes, Nestor Jr. V., Next Century
Mathematics 10, Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, 2015, pp. 2 – 80.

Lapinid, Minie Rose C., and Nivera, Gladys C., Grade 10 Mathematics: Patterns
and Practicalities, Makati City: Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press Inc.,
2015, pp. 4 – 74.
Lee County Schools /. Accessed July 9, 2020.
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