Factors Affecting Language
Learning Materials
Preparation
- The curriculum and the context
are variables that will significantly
impact on decisions about teaching
materials.
- Many teachers are bound by a
mandated curriculum defining the
content, skills and values to be
taught.
Learners
- If the point of the teacher-created
materials is relevance, interest,
motivation, and meeting specific
individual needs, then clearly teachers
must ensure they know their learners
well.
Student Population
❑Part of the application of teaching aids or
instructional materials process is the target
population for whom the materials are to
be used and the setting or vicinity where
the learning should take place.
Understanding the Learners
❑Requires matching the materials to the
learners’ abilities and prior knowledge.
❑If the students did not understand the
materials, frustration sets in and making
it more difficult.
❑The teacher should must know the
materials if it is suited on the level of
understanding of the students.
The resources and facilities available
to the teacher-designer are also
mentioned above as a element of
context.
Clearly teachers must be realistic
about what they can achieve in terms
of materials design production within
the limitations of available resources
and facilities.
Lack of supply of materials
❑ This factor seems to be the handicap
why most educational institutions are
unable to acquire relevant teaching
equipment and materials.
In line with this, students and teachers
will lack on the opportunity to learn
and use new techniques in the field.
Handling of Materials
Materials available for the effective
instructional delivery are poorly
manhandled by both the teachers and
some school authority.
Non-availability of Resource
Room
Schools are affected by non-availability
of resource room for the proper keeping
of both the locally manufactured and
the commercially purchased teaching
aids thereby limiting its use as at the
time needed.
Teacher’s Knowledge
This has a great impact on the
effective application of teaching aids
or instructional materials, this is
because the teacher uses need to
understand the sequential
presentation of the instructional
gadgets so as to suit the interests of
the learners and its appropriateness
with the instructional tasks.
. Structuring/Clarifying
▪ Involves organizing the material so that it is clear
to the students.
Directions, objectives, and main ideas are stated
clearly. Internal and final summaries cover the
content.
. Structuring/Clarifying
▪ Transition between main ideas is smooth and
well integrated. Sufficient examples are
provided. New terms are defined.
Adequate practice and review assignments
reinforce new learning.
Time
It is also a serious problem or factor that delay the
effective use of instructional materials ineffective
instructional delivery in the class, because in most
cases the time that is allotted for a subject on the
timetable might not be enough for the teachers to
present his contents alongside with effective use of
the materials which will affect the wholesome
delivery of the content.
Copyright Compliance
Teachers need to be aware of the restrictions that
copyright law place on the copying of authentic
materials, published materials downloaded from
the internet for use in the classroom.
What is
Copyright?
- The exclusive legal right to
reproduce, publish, sell, or
distribute the matter and form
of something (as a literary,
musical, or artistic work).
- No one else may use, copy or
alter the work without
permission or under certain
circumstances (fair use)
You may infringe copyright if you upload a
video where a song plays in the
background that is not in the app’s library
or uses a video that is not yours
It is recommended that you use the songs
that are in the TikTok library and not the
music that users publish. With the first
option, you ensure that your video will
keep the music. With the second option, it
is likely that TikTok will remove the audio.
In that case, the video will still be
published, but the message “Audio not
available” will appear.
Why is copyright
important?
◼ The main motive for creative works (money)
disappears. If authors can’t make a living writing,
most will not write. If a movie company can’t profit
from a movie, they will hire fewer actors.
◼ If copyright exists but can’t be enforced, the above
still happens eventually. The end result is less
creative content and content will not be as
accessible.
How do I legally use
copyrighted material?
- In education, we are not completely
restricted by copyright laws.
- “Fair Use" allows for limited use of
copyrighted works for educational
and research purposes.
Fair Use Guidelines
◼ Cumulative portion limits: motion media - up
to 10% or 3 minutes, whichever is less
◼ text - up to 10% or 1000 words, whichever is
less
– poem - up to 250 words
◼ music - up to 10% or 30 seconds, whichever
is less
◼ photos and images - up to 5 works from one
author; up to 10% or 15 works, whichever is
less, from a collection
◼ If you need to use more material than Fair Use
allows, you MUST get permission from the owner of
the creative work.
◼ Failure to adhere to “Fair Use” or to obey the
copyright law is copyright infringement
Even if we use a part of a
copyrighted work through Fair
Use guidelines, we must still cite
our source.
Plagiarism
Using someone’s
work without giving
proper credit
I like the writing
in that paper. I
only wish more
of it had been
yours!
Copyright Infringement
vs. Plagiarism
◼ Copyright infringement is using someone else's creative work,
which can include a song, a video, a movie clip, a piece of visual
art, a photograph, and other creative works, without authorization
or compensation, if compensation is appropriate. (violation of the
law).
◼ Plagiarism is using someone else's work without giving proper
credit - a failure to cite adequately. (ethics violation)
Why is preparation of language
materials important?
Learning materials are important because they can
significantly increase student achievement by supporting
student learning. This process aids in the learning process
by allowing the student to explore the knowledge
independently as well as providing repetition.
