CHAPTER – 3 FORCE AND PRESSURE [EXERCISE SOLUTIONS]

A. Choose the correct option : (b) 760 mm tall column of alcohol

1. What causes the change in motion and (c) 76 cm tall column of mercury
change of state of motion? (d) 760 cm tall column of mercury
(a) Pressure (b) Force Answer : (a) 76 mm tall column of mercury
(c) Atmospheric pressure (d) Fulcrum
Answer : (b) Force B. Fill in the blanks :
1. To draw water from a well, we have
2. The unit of the force is to…………….at the rope.
(a) newton (b) pascal Answer : pull
(c) kilogram (d) metre
Answer : (a) newton 2. The symbol of……………….is kPa.
Answer : kilopascal
3. Which of the following does not work on
the existence of atmospheric pressure? 3. Force could be a…………..or a……………
(a) rise of iodine solution in the glass tube of Answer : push, pull.
dropper
(b) rise of cold drink in a long plastic straw 4. Force has magnitude as well as………………
(c) sticking of suction hook on the wall of a Answer : direction.
room
(d) rise of mercury in glass tube of 5. A force arises due to……………between two
thermometer objects.
Answer : (d) rise of mercury in glass tube of Answer : interaction or contact
thermometer
6. Force acting on a unit area is
4. The pressure of water at the bottom of the called……………
lake is………………at the surface of lake. Answer : pressure
(a) greater than (b) equal to
(c) less than 7. The pressure exerted by a liquid……………
(d) either greater or less than with depth.
Answer : (a) greater than Answer : increases

5. As we move to higher altitude the 8. A drinking straw works on the existence

pressure exerted by air of………………pressure.
(a) decreases (b) increases Answer : atmospheric
(c) remain same (d) cannot say
Answer : (a) decreases 9. Atmospheric pressure………………..with
increasing height.
6. Pressure exerted by anybody can be Answer : decreases
increased by
(a) increasing force applied 10. Torque is defined as the product
(b) reducing area of contact of……………..and………………..
(c) both (a) & (b) Answer : force (F), moment of arm (d).
(d) none of these
C. Write T for True and F for False
Answer : (c) both (a) & (b)
statements.
7. The magnitude of atmospheric pressure is 1. The pressure exerted by a liquid depends
equal to the pressure exerted by a : on the area of base of its container.
(a) 76 mm tall column of mercury Answer : True
2. A drinking straw works on the pressure 7. What type of pressure is involved in the
exerted by the liquid filled in a soft drink filling of a liquid in a syringe?
bottle in which it is placed. Answer : The syringe works on the existence
Answer : False of atmospheric pressure.

3. Pressure is independent of the roughness 8. What substance present in our body

of the surfaces in contact. balances the atmospheric pressure acting on
Answer : True us?
Answer : Blood pressure present in our body
4. The force is applied at a point on the body balances the atmospheric pressure acting on
from which axis is passing, for producing us.
maximum torque.
Answer : True 9. Where will the atmospheric pressure be
greater-at ground level or at the top of high
5. If the turning effect on the body is mountain?
anticlockwise, the moment of force is taken Answer : The depth (distance from top to
as positive. bottom) of the atmosphere is greatest at
Answer : False sea level and decreases at higher altitudes.
With greater depth of the atmosphere, more
D. Answer the following questions in air is pressing down from above. Therefore,
short. air pressure is greatest at sea level and falls
1. What is the push or pull on an object with increasing altitude.
known as?
Answer : Force. 10. Name any two devices used in everyday
life which work on the existence of
2. Why do the shape and size of a balloon atmospheric pressure.
change when filled with air or water? Answer : Syringe, Dropper, Rubber suckers,
Answer : The shape and size of the balloon Drinking straw, etc.
changes when we add water or air because
both them exerts pressure. 11. If a vacuum is created between two
Magdeburg hemispheres joined together,
3. Name the quantity whose unit is ‘newton’ they cannot be separated easily. What
(N). presses the hemispheres together?
Answer : Force. Answer : The two hemispheres stick to each
other because the air inside them is pumped
4. What name is given to the force acting on out with a remarkable force between them so
a unit area of an object? that they can stick together.
Answer : Pressure.
12. What makes a balloon get inflated when
5. Name the quantity whose one of the units air is filled in it?
is pascal (Pa)? Answer : When air is filled in a balloon then
Answer : Pressure. the number of the molecules of air inside
the balloon increases. As a result more
6. What conclusion do you get from the collisions of molecules take place with the
observation that a fountain of water is walls. This gives rise to high air pressure on
created at the leaking joint of pipes of the the walls which causes the balloon to expand
main water supply line? and get inflated.
Answer : It is due to the very high pressure
exerted by water on the sides (or walls) of the
pipes that such a fountain of water is formed.
13. Name the substance whose weight 20. What is meant by saying that ‘force is
produces atmospheric pressure. due to an interaction’? Give an example
Answer : The substance whose weight toillustrate your answer.
produces atmospheric pressure is air. Answer : Interaction of one object with
another object results in force between two
14. Where is the pressure greater, 10 m objects.
below the surface of the sea or 20 m below Suppose a man is standing behind a stationary
the surface of sea? car. Since there is no interaction between the
Answer : Pressure is greater 20m below the man and the car, no force acts on the car and
surface of sea , the pressure increases as you hence the car does not move. When the man
go deeper in it. For every 10m you go deeper pushes the car, there is an interaction
pressures increases by 14 psi. between the man and the car. During this
interaction, a force arises which acts on the
15. What force acting on an area of 0.5 m2 car and makes it move in the direction of
will produce a pressure of 500 Pa? applied force.
Answer : We know, pressure is the ratio
of force to area. Therefore 250 N force acting 21. When does the turning effect of force
on an area of 0.5 m² will produce a pressure occurs?
of 500 Pa. Answer : The turning effect of a force
Pressure = Force/Area is known as the moment. It is the product of
500 Pa = F/0.5 m2 the force multiplied by the perpendicular
Force = 500 Pa x 0.5 m2 distance from the line of action of the force to
Force = 250 N the pivot or point where the object will turn.

16. Can a liquid exert pressure upwards? 22. In a tug of war, when the two teams are
Answer : Yes water can exerts pressure pulling the rope, a stage comes when thr
upwards . rope does not move to either side at all.
Yes water molecules being free to move in What can you say abot the magnitudes and
any direction exert pressure in all directions directions of the forces being applied to the
so they exert pressure upward also. If it is rope by the two teams at this stage?
heated it gains sufficient Kinetic energy to Answer : In tug of war when two teams are
move upward against force of gravity and pulling the rope and if the rope does not
thus water evaporates. move in eiher side then the net weight is zero
and equal muscular force is applied.
17. Can a liquid exert pressure sideways? Therefore the magnitude and the direction of
Answer : Yes, liquid exert sideways pressure the force are the same.
as you can see in the example of water bottle At this stage, both the teams apply equal
of plastic. muscular force in opposite directions.

18. What is moment of force? 23. What is foce? State the various effects of
Answer : The moment of force, often called force.
torque, is the product of a force on an object Answer : Force : A push or a pull on an object
and the distance from the reference point to is called force.
the object. Various effects of Force : A force acting on an
object may cause the object to change shape,
19. In what units does torque calculated? to start moving, to stop moving, to accelerate
Answer : The SI unit for torque is the Newton- or decelerate. When two objects interact with
meter. each other they exert a force on each other,
the forces are equal in size but opposite in
direction.
24. Give two examples from everyday life 29. Why does a sharp knife cut objects more
which show that air exerts pressure. effectively than a blunt knife?
Answer : (i) When air is pumped inside a Answer : A sharp knife cuts objects better
balloon, it expands in size. This shows that because due to its very thin edge, the force of
the air inside exerts pressure on the walls of our hand falls over a sharp small area of
the balloon. the object producing a large pressure. And
(ii) A sealed packet of chips swells up in the this large pressure cuts the object easily.
mountains. A blunt knife has a thicker edge
and does not cut the object easily.
25. What is a rubber sucker? How does it
work? State any one use of a rubber sucker. 30. Explain why, wooden (or concerete)
Answer : A rubber sucker is also called sleepers are kept below the railway line.
a suction Cup because it sticks to a surface Answer : Wooden or concrete sleepers are
by suction. When we press the rubber kept below the railway line so that there is
sucker on a flat ,smooth, surface , its less pressure of the train on the ground
concave rubber cup gets flattened to a large and railway line may not sink into the ground.
extent, pushing out most of the air from
beneath it. 31. Explain why, a wide steel belt is provided
Rubber suckers are used for making suction over the wheels of an army tank.
hooks which are fixed on walls, doors and Answer : The army tank is very heavy. It
almirah, etc., to hold various things. has wide steel belt over the wheels. The wide
belts increase the area and reduce the
26. Why do mountaineers usually suffer from pressure. This avoids sinking of the tank into
nose-bleeding at high altitudes? the ground.
Answer : Nosebleeds can be caused by being
up in a very high altitude. As you 32. Explain why, the tip of a sewing needle is
climb higher, the amount of oxygen in the air sharp.
decreases. This makes the air thinner and Answer : The tip of a sewing needle is
dryer, which can in turn cause the inside of sharp because the area under the pointed
your nose to crack and bleed. end of the sharp needle is very small.
Pressure exerted by a sharp needle is more
27. Describe one activity to show the on the cloth and can pierce easily through the
existence of atmospheric pressure. cloth.
Answer : When a can filled with hot water is
closed and is cooled down rapidly by pouring 33. Explain why, snow shoes stop you from
cold water on it, it will crush instantly. This sinking into snow.
experiment proves that there is a Answer : The area of snow shoes (which
huge atmospheric pressure exerts on comes in contact with the snow) is much
everything on the surface of the earth. bigger than the area of sole of
ordinary shoes worn by us in everyday life. So,
28. Explain why, water comes out more the snow shoes exert less pressure (= force
slowly from an upstairs tap than from a /area) on the soft snow and stop the wearer
similar tap downstairs. from sinking into it.
Answer : Water comes out more
slowly from upstairs tap than from a 34. Explain why, when a person stands on a
similar. tap downstairs. It is because of the cushion, the depression is much more than
pressure exerted by water. As the depth when he lies down on it.
of water increases, the pressure also Answer : When a person stands on a cushion,
increases. the entire weight of his body gets focused on
a smaller area, thereby producing a larger
pressure. Thus, the depression in
the cushion is more when a person stands P = 40 Pa
than when he lies.

35. Explain why, porters place a thick, round

piece of cloth on their heads when they have
to carry heavy loads.
Answer : The round piece of cloth on their
heads increases the area on which the force
(weight of the load) will act. We know that,
the pressure is inversely proportional to area.
Therefore, increase in area reduces the
pressure and this helps
the porter to carry the heavy load easily.

36. A bolt connecting the main and rear fram

of a mountain bike requires a torque of 15 N
m to tighten. If you are capable of applying
40 N of force to a wrench in any given
direction, what is the minimum length of the
wrench that will result in the required
torque?
Answer : We know that
Torque = d x F
15 N m = d x 40 N
15 𝑁 𝑚
d=
40 𝑁
3
d= 8𝑚
d = 0.375 m
37. A 40 N block exerts 20 Pa of pressure on
a table. What is the area of the block that is
touching the table?
Answer : We know that
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
Pressure = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
40 𝑁
20 Pa = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
40
Area =
20
Area = 2 m2

38. Calculate the pressure when a force of

200 N is exerted on an area of :
(i) 10 m2 (ii) 5 m2
Answer : We know that
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
Pressure = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
(i) P = ?, F = 200 N, A = 10 m2
𝐹
P=𝐴
200
P = 10
P = 20 Pa
(ii) P = ?, F = 200 N, A = 5 m2
𝐹
P=𝐴
200
P= 5