DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC.

Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City

Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Accredited by ACSCU-ACI

Name:
Name of Instructor:

GE ENG 1
PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION

LEARNING MODULE
SY 2020 - 2021

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 DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC.
Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Accredited by ACSCU-ACI

Week 1

Unit 1: Writing an Informative Speech

Topic: Informative Speech

Learning Outcomes:
1. Describe the nature, elements and functions of verbal
and nonverbal communication in various and multicultural
contexts
2. Describe the communication process;
3. Appreciate the impact of communication on society and
the world; and
4. Discuss the communication principles and ethics

Concept Digest

COMMUNICATION

Figure 1.1 Word Brainstorm

Observe the illustration shown above and think of first four
words that come up on your mind when you see the word
communication.

Communication comes from the Latin word “communis”, which

means ‘commons’. To be common means “to come together” or “to
commune”- “to share something in common”.

It is the process of exchanging ideas, thoughts, feelings and

emotions from one person to another with the use of symbols
which may be verbal and/or non-verbal and aims for
understanding.
Communication also involves the four macro skills –listening,
speaking, reading and writing; that is why researchers say
that we remember 10 % of what we read, 20 % of what we hear,
30 % of what we see and 50 % of what we see and hear of the
message. These same macro skills are involved in the
communication process. It is also an exchange of thoughts
and, messages or information by speech, signals, writing or
behavior between a sender and a receiver.

Why study Communication? - to understand ourselves as social

being; to understand ourselves as a person; to gain
professional competence and; to preserve cultural values.

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 DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC.
Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Accredited by ACSCU-ACI

It also increases our understanding of relationships develops

important life skills such as critical thinking, problem
solving, conflict resolution, team building, public speaking.
It also helps us exercise our rights and become an effective
citizen.

Figure 1.2 The communication process. Encoding, media, and decoding (Hawkins, 2016). <
[Link]

Proceeding is the communication process which shows the

sender as the one who encodes the message and selects the
channel while the receiver decodes the message and uses
feedback to respond.

Communication Process refers to the exchange of information,

message, idea, feeling or perception between or among people.

The following are the elements of communication process:

1. Sender-the communication process begins with the sender

who is also called the communicator or source of information.
2. Receiver- is the listener, reader, or observer—that is,
the individual (or the group of individuals) to whom a message
is directed. The receiver is also called the "audience" or
decoder.
3. Message- also known as the content that the sender wants
to relay to the receiver.
4. Channel- this is the means by or through which a message
is transmitted.
5. Feedback- the response of an audience to a message or
activity. Feedback can be conveyed both verbally and
nonverbally.

Furthermore, communication is both oral and written, so that,

if communication is oral, the sender would be the speaker and
the receiver would be the listener. On the other hand, if
communication is written, the sender would be the writer and
the receiver would be the reader.

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 DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC.
Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Accredited by ACSCU-ACI

Communication Principles

Communication is a two-way traffic of giving and receiving

information through any number of channels. Whether one is
speaking informally to a classmate, talking about a conference
or student teaching, writing a newsletter article or formal
report, the following basic principles may be considered:
1. Know your audience.
2. Know your purpose.
3. Know your topic.
4. Anticipate objections from the audience.
5. Achieve credibility with your audience.
6. Present information in various ways.
7. Develop practical, useful way to get feedback.
8. Use multiple communication techniques.

Communication is a complex process. When listening to or

reading someone else’s message, we often filter what is being
said through a screen of our own opinions. One of the major
barriers to communication is our own ideas and opinions.

Barriers of Communication

There are many reasons that interpersonal communication

fails. In many occasions, the message (what is said) may not
be received exactly the way the sender intended. It is
therefore, important that the communicator seeks feedback to
check that message is clearly understood. In the same way,
many people develop difficulties within their family or within
their circle of friends due to communication issues. There
are various key barriers that can occur while the
communication is going on: language, noise, cultural
diversity, gender differences, status differences and
physical separation, to name a few. However, for the purpose
of clear understanding, let us categorize these barriers into
three: physical, psychological and interpersonal. These
barriers to communication are specific factors that can
distort or hamper effective communication.
✓ Physical barriers- Physical barrier is the environmental
and natural condition that act as a barrier in
communication in sending message from sender to
receiver.

✓ Psychological barriers- The Psychological or Emotional

Barriers refers to the psychological state i.e.
Opinions, attitudes, status consciousness, emotions,
etc. of a person that deeply affects the ability to
communicate.

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 DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC.
Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Accredited by ACSCU-ACI

a. Lack of Attention: When the person is pre-

occupied by some other things and do not listen
carefully what the other person is speaking, then
arises the psychological barrier in the
communication.

b. Poor Retention: The retention refers to the

capacity of a brain to retain or store things in
the memory. The brain does not store all the
information came across but in fact, retain only
those which deems to be helpful in the future.

c. Distrust: To have an effective communication,

it is must that both the communicators (sender and
receiver) trust each other. In case there is a lack
of trust between both the parties, then they will
tend to derive negative meaning out of the message
and often ignore what has been communicated.

d. Closed Mind and Filtering-sometimes leads us

to choose only the information we want to receive.
This might be due to mistrust, competition,
jealousy, or the view that the message is
insignificant and that we are better than the
speakers. If this situation, we may not listen
anymore because we close our minds already

The Communication Ethics

When we say ethics we refer to a set of values or set of moral

principles used in everyday living. With regard to the process
of communication, we also use ethics---those values or
principles elating to human conduct with respect to rightness
and wrongness of certain actions and also to the goodness or
badness of motives of such actions. Therefore, the principles
governing communication, encompass the communication ethics.

Questions of right and wrong or questions about what is good

or bad arise whenever people communicate. Ethical
communication is fundamental to responsible thinking,
decision making, and the development of relationships and
communities within across contexts, cultures, channels and
media. Moreover, ethical communication enhances human worth
and dignity by fostering truthfulness, fairness,
responsibility, persona; integrity, and respect for self and
others. We believe that unethical communication threatens the
quality of all communication and consequently the well-being
of individuals and the society in which we live. To create
balance between listening and speaking, there must be an iota
of truthfulness.

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 DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC.
Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Accredited by ACSCU-ACI

The following ethical guidelines may guide us in

communication:

1. Listen when other speak.

2. Speak non-judgmentally.
3. Speak from our own experience and perspective, expressing
our own thoughts, needs, and feelings.
4. Understand others.
5. Avoid speaking for others, especially their shortcomings.
6. Manage our own personal boundaries: share only what we are
comfortable sharing.
7. Avoid interrupting and side comments.
8. Advocate truthfulness, accuracy, honesty, and reason as
essential to the integrity of communication.
9. Endorse freedom of expression.
10. Promote access to communication resources and
opportunities.
11. Accept responsibility for the short and long-term
consequences for our own communication and expect the same of
others.
12. Commit to the courageous expression of personal
convictions in pursuit of fairness and justice.

Nonverbal communication

Interpersonal communication is much more than the explicit

meaning of words, the information or message transmitted. It
also includes implicit messages, whether intentional or not,
which are expressed through non-verbal patterns.

Non-verbal communication facial expressions, gestures,

posture and gait, and other paralinguistic techniques.

✓ Gestures are nonverbal forms of communication in which

visible body parts communicate specific messages. These
include movements of the hands, feet, face or other parts
of the body.

✓ Posture is the relative position in which people hold

their body while standing, walking or sitting. Gait on
the other hand is the person’s manner of walking.

✓ Paralinguistic techniques are aspects of spoken

communication. These are signals used beyond the basic
verbal message or speech. Examples of paralinguistic
techniques may include oculesics (the language of eye
contact), proxemics (the language of distance), haptics
(the language of touch), and chronemics (the language of
time).

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 DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC.
Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Accredited by ACSCU-ACI

Non-verbal communication is important because it may:

✓ Reinforce or modify what is said in words. For example,

people may nod their heads vigorously when saying “Yes”
to emphasize that they agree with others, but a shrug
of the shoulders and sad expression when saying “I’m
fine, thanks”, may imply that things are not really
fine at all.
✓ Convey information about people’s emotional state
✓ Define or reinforce the relationship between people.
✓ Provide feedback to other people.
✓ Regulate the flow of communication. For example by
signaling to others that they have finished speaking
or wish to say something.

Verbal Communication is a type of oral communication wherein

the message is transmitted through the spoken words. Here the
sender gives words to his feelings, thoughts, ideas and
opinions and expresses them in the form of speeches,
discussions, presentations, and conversations.

Verbal Communication is a type of oral communication wherein

the message is transmitted through the spoken words. Here the
sender gives words to his feelings, thoughts, ideas and
opinions and expresses them in the form of speeches,
discussions, presentations, and conversations.

Activities
Title: Starter
Things to do:
Read the quotation below and ponder what it means to you.
Explain your answer in a not more than 100 words. Write your
understanding in the box provided.
“Be impeccable with your word. Speak with integrity. Say only
what you mean. Avoid using the word to speak against yourself
or to gossip about others. Use the power of your word in the
direction of truth and love”—Don Miguel Ruiz

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 DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC.
Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Accredited by ACSCU-ACI

Assessment
Title: Craft Your Own
Date of Submission: September 11, 2020 (Friday) until 5 pm
only
Things to do:
Give one situation in which your communication fails because
of a barrier. Identify the barrier as you narrate what
happened in the situation. Write your answer in paragraph
form in not more than 200 words. Upon organizing your
composition, follow the preferred format: The first paragraph
must contain the description of the person you have
encountered in the scenario, the place and time. In the second
paragraph, state what happened why you came up with the
mismatch of communication. Lastly, the third paragraph should
contain the realization or reflection after you encountered
such experience. Your output will be rated on the rubric
attached.

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 DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC.
Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Accredited by ACSCU-ACI

References
R1: [Link]
R2: [Link]
R2: [Link]

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