NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

GEOGRAPHY P2

NOVEMBER 2021

MARKING GUIDELINES

MARKS: 150

These marking guidelines consist of 13 pages.

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Geography/P2 2 DBE/November 2021
NSC – Marking Guidelines

SECTION A

QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS

1.1 1.1.1 C (1)

1.1.2 A (1)

1.1.3 D (1)

1.1.4 C (1)

1.1.5 B (1)

1.1.6 A (1)

1.1.7 B (1)

1.1.8 C (1) (8 x 1) (8)

1.2 1.2.1 Isolated farmstead (1)

1.2.2 Conurbation (1)

1.2.3 Hamlet (1)

1.2.4 Metropolis (1)

1.2.5 City (1)

1.2.6 Town (1)

1.2.7 Megalopolis (1) (7 x 1) (7)

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Geography/P2 3 DBE/November 2021
NSC – Marking Guidelines

1.3 1.3.1 Natural hazards(disasters)/droughts/floods/veld fires (1)

STATE IN AN
ENVIRONMENT Soil erosion/infertile soil/land degradation/desertification (1)
FACTOR
Erratic weather patterns/unreliable rainfall (1)
Crop and livestock diseases/parasites and pests (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)

1.3.2 It decreases the number of people in the rural areas (2)

HOW DOES
RURAL People leaving the rural areas increases rural depopulation (2)
MIGRATION
RESULT IN [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
RURAL
DEPOP?

1.3.3 Fewer customers (2)

NEGATIVE Decrease in spending power (2)
ECONOMIC
IMPACT OF Businesses close down/ Ghost towns (2)
RURAL-
URBAN Reduction of working hours (2)
MIGRATION
ON SETT A Fewer job opportunities (2)
Less money for provision/maintenance of services (accept examples) (2)
Decrease in investment (2)
Decreased labour supply (2)
Leads to a decline in production (2)
Decrease in value of property (2)
Shortage of skills (2)
Farmland left unattended/ uneconomical (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

1.3.4 They do not have the necessary documentation required to be registered as

an employee therefore cannot afford basic services (can give examples) (2)
PARAGRAPH
They are not qualified/Do not have the skills required for the jobs available in
EXPLAIN
WHY RURAL urban areas which results in an increase in poverty levels (2)
MIGRANTS
EXPERIENCE Limited employment opportunities available in urban area and as such are
DIFFICULTY
IN FINDING forced to live in informal settlements (2)
EMPLOYMENT
AND IMPACT Rural migrants do not have money for transportation to look for jobs and will
THEREOF
not be able to buy basic foods (2)
Lack of education (lack of schooling) results in limited access to health
services (2)
Lack of experience which results in an increase in poverty levels (2)
[ANY FOUR. CANDIDATES MUST REFER TO BOTH DIFFICULTY IN
FINDING EMPLOYMENT AND HOW IT IMPACTS ON THE QUALITY OF
LIFE] (4 x 2) (8)

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Geography/P2 4 DBE/November 2021
NSC – Marking Guidelines

1.4 1.4.1 CBD (Central Business District) (1) (1 x 1) (1)

1.4.2 Traffic delays/traffic congestion (2)

HOW WOULD Time wasted/ not on time (2)
DECREASING
ACCESSIBILITY Loss of jobs/loss of income (2)
NEGATIVE
IMPACT Increase in stress levels/ road rage (2)
COMMUTER
S? High fuel costs/ increase cost of transport/ increase cost of parking (2)
Lack of parking/commuters walk to work (2)
Increase in accidents (2)
More fines due to not obeying the traffic rules (2)
High vehicle maintenance costs (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

1.4.3 CBD/A is expanding into the transition zone in some areas/invasion and
GIVE TWO
REASONS succession (2)
FOR
IRREGULAR Irregular expansion of the residential zone into the transition zone (2)
SHAPE OF B
CBD/A is irregular in shape (2)
The residential area is irregular in shape (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

1.4.4 Buildings abandoned (2)

WHY ARE No maintenance/landlords/tenants neglect buildings (2)
BUILDINGS IN A
DILAPIDATED
STATE?
Low rentals result in limited capital to maintain buildings (2)
Buildings are vandalised/graffiti on walls (2)
Homeless people move into abandoned buildings (2)
Low owner occupancy (2)
Illegal occupation of buildings (2)
Changing functions of buildings (2)
Lack of service delivery by municipalities (2)
Social ills commonly occur (2)
Overcrowding in rental units (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

1.4.5 Open space (2)

Presence of greenbelt/ aesthetic appeal (2)
WHY WILL
NEW HIGH- Peace and tranquility (2)
INCOME DEV
BE Accessibility to A /existing infrastructure (2)
ATTRACTED
TO C? Less pollution (2)
Cheaper land (2)
More security/less crime (2)
Less traffic congestion (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

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NSC – Marking Guidelines

1.5 1.5.1 5 million (1) (1 x 1) (1)

1.5.2 Access to electricity (1)

STATE TWO
ADVANTAGE
Access to flush toilets (1)
OF Low occupancy/ one person only (1)
BACKYARD
SHACKS [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2)

1.5.3 Cheaper to live in informal settlements/ Lower rental cost (2)

WHY
PEOPLE
DO
Less restrictions in the informal settlements (2)
CHOOSE Access to illegal connections (2)
INFORMAL
SETTLEMEN Easier to get on low cost housing lists (2)
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BACKYARDS Access to more informal economic activities (2)
?
Potential to extend your shack (2)
[ANY ONE- MAY ANSWER FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE
BACKYARD SHACK] (1 x 2)
(2)

1.5.4 Poor quality building materials provide limited protection (accept examples)
BUILDING
MATERIALS
VULNERABILIT
(2)
Y TO WEATHER
CONDITIONS (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.5  Limited access to basic services (accept examples) (2) due to greater
demand (2)
 Increase in health problems (accept examples) (2) due to high levels of
IDENTIFY
AND
EXPLAIN
ONE SOCIAL pollution (2)/due to overcrowding (2)
ISSUE THAT
DEVELOPS
WITH THE
 Limited access to education/health services (2) due to a large
GROWTH OF
INFORMAL
concentration of people (2)
SETTLEMEN
TS
 Increase in crime (2) due to increased levels of unemployment (2)
 Decrease in aesthetic appeal (2) due to lack of planning/conditions of
informal settlements (2)
 Increased food insecurity (2) due lack of income (2)
 Overcrowding (2) due to lack of space for settlement/planning (2)
 Increase in poverty (2) due to high rate of unemployment (2)
 Children not in school (2) due to lack of schools/poor parenting (2)
 Drug/alcohol abuse (2) due to despair or gang’s influence (2)
 Violence on people (2) due to areas not being lit up at night (2)
 Social ills (2) due to lack of income or jobs (2)
[ANY ONE] (2 + 2) (4)

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NSC – Marking Guidelines

1.5.6 Provide access to basic services (accept examples) (2)

HOW CAN Legal ownership of the land (2)
MUNICIPALITIE
REDUCE Self-help schemes involving communities / Provide building material (2)
CHALLENGE
OF GROWTH Employment opportunities/ informal sector jobs (2)
OF
INFORMAL Upskilling of people (2)
SETTLEMENTS
Build houses on available land relocating people to these areas (2)
Emergency facilities provided (accept examples) (2)
Monitoring and policing to improve safety and security (2)
Proper planning /Rezoning (2)
Improve infrastructure (accept examples) (2)
Community consultation/advisory committees to agree on policies (2)
Provision of recreational facilities (accept examples) (2)
Awareness programmes (accept examples) (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
[60]

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NSC – Marking Guidelines

QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA

2.1 2.1.1 A (1)

2.1.2 A (1)

2.1.3 B (1)

2.1.4 B (1)

2.1.5 A (1)

2.1.6 B (1)

2.1.7 B (1) (7 x 1) (7)

2.2 2.2.1 A (1)

2.2.2 C (1)

2.2.3 B (1)

2.2.4 D (1)

2.2.5 B (1)

2.2.6 C (1)

2.2.7 C (1)

2.2.8 B (1) (8 x 1) (8)

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Geography/P2 8 DBE/November 2021
NSC – Marking Guidelines

2.3. 2.3.1 R2 billion (1) (1 x 1) (1)

2.3.2 2016 - 2018 (2) (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.3 Coal mines are located inland/far from the harbour (2)
HOW DOES
LOCATION OF
COAL MINES
High transport costs due to greater distances to harbour (for export) (2)
INCREASE
EXPORT
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
COSTS

2.3.4 'Decline in investments' (2)

QUOTE
REASONS 'Disinvestment' (2)
FOR A
BLEAK 'Giant coal mining companies have sold or are in the process of selling their
FUTURE FOR
COAL MINES operations' (2)
'Environmental lobbying groups' (2)
'Moving towards renewable energy' (2)
'High transport costs' (2)
'Altered customer base' (2)
'Hostile funding environment'(2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

2.3.5 (Increased) loss of employment opportunities due to decreased production

(2)
EXPLAIN
HOW THE (Increased) loss of revenue due to unemployment (2)
DECREASE
OF MINING Less contribution due to a reduction in tax collection (2)
COAL HAS A
NEGATIVE Reduced foreign exchange due to decreased investments (2)
ECONOMIC
IMPACT ON Limited development of infrastructure due to decrease in production (2)
MPUMALANGA
Closure of industries/business linked to coal mining (accept examples) (2)
Smaller local market for goods due to increased unemployment (2)
Spending power of workers decreases which results in economic sectors
being negatively affected (2)
Increased cost of electricity due to less coal available for generation of
power (2)
Operational costs of industries will increase (2)
[ANY THREE- CANDIDATES MUST QUALIFY RESPONSE] (3 x 2) (6)

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Geography/P2 9 DBE/November 2021
NSC – Marking Guidelines

2.4 2.4.1 15% (1) (1 x 1) (1)

2.4.2 Sea (1)

STATE TWO
MODES OF Air (1)
TRANSPORT
THAT Land (1)
ATTRACT
FOREIGN (Accept examples)
INVESTORS
[ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2)

2.4.3 (a) Raw materials (accept examples) are available (2)

WHY DOES
SW CAPE Large skilled and unskilled labour supply (2)
FAVOUR
DEVELOPMENT Sufficient water supply (2)
OF LIGHT
INDISTRIES? Specialised transport/infrastructure (for perishable products) (2)
Large market (2)
Require less space (2)
Electricity is available (2)
Suitable climate to grow a variety of crops (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
GIVE TWO
FACTORS (b) Lack of /Distance from mineral raw materials (2)
THAT LIMIT
DEV OF Electricity is more expensive (2)
HEAVY
INDUSTRIES No coal for power resources (2)
IN SW CAPE
Higher transport costs (2)
Unreliable water supply (2)
Transport infrastructure not adequate (2)
Limited space for development (2)
[ ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

2.4.4 West coast SDI links the South-western Cape core industrial region to
EXPLAIN
HOW WC SDI Saldanha Bay (harbour) which favours exporting (2)
INCREASES
ACCESS The deep water harbour will allow for the international exportation of larger
FOR SW
CAPE TO cargo (2)
INTERNATION
MARKETS N7 to Namibia allows for international export by road (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

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Geography/P2 10 DBE/November 2021
NSC – Marking Guidelines

2.5 2.5.1 Businesses that are not registered (and do not pay income taxes) (2)
[CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2)

2.5.2 Food (1)

GIVE AN
EXAMPLE OF
Flea markets (1)
AN Street vendors (1)
INFORMAL
ACTIVITY Laundromats (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)

2.5.3 'Prone to be overlooked' (2)

'Ill-considered during policy formulation' (2)
WHY IS THE
INFORMAL 'Disregarded in business strategies' (2)
SECTOR
CONSIDERED 'Easily associated with corrupt activities' (2)
PART OF
SHADOW [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
ECONOMY

2.5.4 Access to funding from banks (2)

PARAGRAPH
Provide buildings/more floor space/ infrastructure available (accept
examples)
SUGGEST
SUSTAINABLE (2)
STRATEGIES
GOV AND Upliftment of skills/ learnership/mentorship programmes (2)
BUS COULD
IMPLEMENT
Partnerships between private sector and informal sector (2)
TO
STRENGTHEN
Provide informal sector with more security (2)
INFORMAL Provide access to basic services (accept examples) (2)
SECTOR
Create more hygienic conditions (2)
Generate more incentives/tenders for informal sector (2)
Provide financial support/grants (2)
Provide access to legal aid (2)
Link them with private business for access to products (2)
Local Government amend bylaws and policies/permits to regulate the sector
(2)
[ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8)
[60]

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Geography/P2 11 DBE/November 2021
NSC – Marking Guidelines

SECTION B

QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

3.1

3.1.1 B (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.2 A (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.3 There is no obstruction/ no high lying point between the two points (2)
(1 x 2) (2)

3.1.4 38 m (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.5 Actual Distance = Map distance x Map scale

Actual Distance = 5.5 (1) cm x 500 m (Range 5.4 – 5.6)

= 2750 m (1) (Range 2700 – 2800 m) (2 x 1) (2)

3.1.6 Average gradient = Vertical interval (VI)

Horizontal equivalent (HE)

Average Gradient = 38 (1) If answers for 3.1.4 and 3.1.5 are

2750 incorrect but are substituted
correctly in 3.1.6 a mark should
= 38 X 2750 be allocated for this.
38 38

= 1: 72,36 (1) (Range 1:71,05 – 1:73,68) (2 x 1) (2)

3.1.7 Prison (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.2

3.2.1 B (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.2.2 Area will experience unpleasant odours/ air pollution (2)

WHY DOES
LOCATION Health threat (2)
OF
SEWERAGE It will reduce aesthetic appeal (2)
WORKS
DECREASE [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
PROPERTY
VALUE

3.2.3 H- Irregular (1)

I – Grid/grid iron (accept rectangular) (1) (2 x 1) (2)

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Geography/P2 12 DBE/November 2021
NSC – Marking Guidelines

3.2.4 Too many intersections (2)

WHY IS
STREET Causes traffic congestion (2)
PATTERN I
NOT Greater possibility of accidents (2)
POPULAR
IN NEW Increase time to reach destination (2)
DEVELOPM
ENTS? Delay may lead to frustration/road rage (2)
Increases cost of fuel (2)
Hijacking is more common/smash and grab (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
3.2.5 Tertiary (1) (1 x 1) (1)
3.2.6 Accessible by roads/national route (2)
EXPLAIN
WHY AREA Close proximity to residential areas (2)
6 WAS
SUITABLE Available land makes provision for parking (2)
FOR ECO
ACTIVITY Land available for future expansion (2)
AT 6
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
3.2.7 Results in the removal of natural vegetation (2)
HOW HAS
THE OPEN Exposes the area to increased soil erosion (2)
CAST MINE
CREATED Polluting the soil/water by mining processes (2)
AN ENVIRO
INJUSTICE Disrupting the ecosystems/food chains/food webs/natural habitats (2)
Extinction/displacement of species (2)
Release of air pollutants from blasting/dust (2)
Contamination of ground water (2)
Decreases the aesthetic appearance/scarring of land (2)
Acid mine drainage results in reduction in biodiversity/ecosystems (2)
Deforestation leading to soil degradation (2)
Environmental despoliation (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
3.3
3.3.1 River (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.3.2 Perennial water/dam (1)

Opencast mine (1)
Cultivated land (1)
Excavation (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)
3.3.3 Remote sensing is obtaining information of the earth from a distance /without
touching or making physical contact (2)
[CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2)
3.3.4 Depth (how deep) (2)
GIVE ONE
VISIBLE Width (how wide) (2)
ATTRIBUTE
OF THE Diameter (2)
OPEN CAST
MINE Terraces (2)
Shape (2)
Area (size of the mine) (2)
Type of mine (open cast) (2)
Geographical coordinates of the mine (2)
Number of slimes dams (2)
Address of the mine (other road/ R39) (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

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Geography/P2 13 DBE/November 2021
NSC – Marking Guidelines

3.3.5 Images taken by remote sensing can be taken regularly to get updated
EXPLAIN
HOW THE information (2)
IMAGE IS
MORE Series of images allow for tracking the impact over a period of time (2)
EFFECTIVE
TO ASSESS Images can be taken by drone technology which is less costly (2)
THE
ENVIRO Images can be updated more regularly than topographic maps (2)
INJUSTICE
THAN THE It is an actual image of the mine and not map symbols (2)
TOPO MAP
Image is clear or has a high resolution (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

[30]

TOTAL: 150

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