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Designing Mechanical Components for Fluctuating Loads

This document discusses the design of mechanical components subjected to fluctuating loads. It describes different types of loading including static, repeated and reversed, fluctuating, and shock or impact. For fluctuating loads, the maximum stress, minimum stress, mean stress, and alternating stress are defined. The stress ratio and alternating stress ratio are also introduced as ways to characterize fluctuating loads. Static stress has a stress ratio of 1, while fluctuating stress produces a nonzero mean stress and alternating stress. The document concludes by discussing how to account for combined shock and fatigue factors when designing shafts subjected to fluctuating torque and bending moments.

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Utsaw Pandya
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164 views2 pages

Designing Mechanical Components for Fluctuating Loads

This document discusses the design of mechanical components subjected to fluctuating loads. It describes different types of loading including static, repeated and reversed, fluctuating, and shock or impact. For fluctuating loads, the maximum stress, minimum stress, mean stress, and alternating stress are defined. The stress ratio and alternating stress ratio are also introduced as ways to characterize fluctuating loads. Static stress has a stress ratio of 1, while fluctuating stress produces a nonzero mean stress and alternating stress. The document concludes by discussing how to account for combined shock and fatigue factors when designing shafts subjected to fluctuating torque and bending moments.

Uploaded by

Utsaw Pandya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Experiment no.

3
AIM: To study about the design of mechanical components subjected to
fluctuating loads.
 Introduction:--
The manner of computing the design stress depends on the manner of loading and on
the type of material.

Loading types include the following:


– Static
– Repeated and reversed
– Fluctuating
– Shock or impact
– Rando
 Types of Loading and Stress Ratio

The primary factors to consider when specifying the type of loading to which a
machine part is subjected are the manner of variation of the load and the resulting
variation of stress with time.

Stress variations are characterized by four key values:


– Maximum stress, σmax
– Minimum stress, σmin
– Mean (average) stress, σm
– Alternating stress, σa (stress amplitude)
The maximum and minimum stresses are usually computed from known information
by stress analysis or finite element methods, or they are measured using experimental
stress analysis techniques.

Then the mean and alternating stresses can be computed from:


σm = (σmax + σmin) / 2
σa = (σmax - σmin) / 2

The behavior of a material under varying stresses is dependent on the manner of the
variation. One method used to characterize the variation is called stress ratio.
Stress ratio R = minimum stress / maximum stress = σmin / σmax
Stress ratio A = alternating stress / mean stress = σa / σm
 Static Stress

When a part is subjected to a load that is applied slowly, without shock, and is
held at a constant value, the resulting stress in the part is called static stress.
Because σmax = σmin, the stress ratio for static stress is R = 1.0.

 Fluctuating Stress

When a load-carrying member is subjected to an alternating stress with a nonzero


mean, the loading produces fluctuating stress.

 Shaft subjected to fluctuating loads :--

Sometimes we assumed that the shaft is subjected to constant torque and bending
moment. But in actual practice, the shaft are subjected to fluctuating torque and
bending moments.

In order to design such shaft like line shafts and counter shafts, the combined shock
and fatigue factors must be taken into account for the computed twisting moment (T)
and bending moment (M). Thus for a shaft subjected to combined bending and
torsion, the equivalent twisting moment,

Te = √ (Km X M )2+(Kt +T )2

And equivalent bending moment,

Me = 0.5 [Km X M + Te]

Where Km = Combined shock and fatigue factor for bending, and


Kt = Combined shock and fatigue factor for torsion.

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