ChE 418
Industrial Waste Management and Control
MODULE 2
AIR POLLUTION AND CONTROL
Engr. Neres Ann Repollo
2022
MODULE OUTLINE
2.1. Environmental Regulations
2.2. Characteristics of Air Pollution Emissions
2.3. Sources and Effects of air pollution
2.4. Meteorology of Air Pollutants
2.5. Measures to reduce Air pollution
AIR POLLUTION
[Link]
AIR POLLUTION
◼ occurs when gases, dust particles, fumes (or smoke) or odour
are introduced into the atmosphere in a way that makes it
harmful to humans, animals and plant.
◼ It creates smog and acid rain, causes cancer and respiratory
diseases, reduces the ozone layer atmosphere and contributes
to global warming.
WHAT IS THE CLEAN AIR ACT OF THE PHILIPPINES?
49
CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR POLLUTION EMISSIONS
the gases and
particles which are
put into the air or
emitted by various
sources.
SECONDARY
POLLUTANTS
PRIMARY
POLLUTANTS
SOURCES AND EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTANTS
◼ Thermal Power Plants
INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTANTS
◼ Thermic Fluid Heaters
INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTANTS
◼ Incinerators
INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTANTS
◼ Boilers
INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTANTS
◼ blast furnace
INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTANTS
◼ Basic Oxygen Furnace
INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTANTS
◼ Induction and air Furnace
INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTANTS
◼ Coke oven
INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTANTS
◼ Cement kilns
EXERCISE
◼Thermal Power Plants
◼Thermic Fluid Heater
◼Incinerators
◼Boiler
◼Blast Furnace
◼Basic Oxygen Furnace
◼Induction and Air Furnace
◼Coke Oven
◼Cement Kilns
EXERCISE
◼Identify the following air pollutant equipment in the
next slides
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
METEOROLOGY OF AIR POLLUTANTS
Meteorologist
METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS
◼ Air movements influence the fate of air pollutants. So any
study of air pollution should include a study of the local weather
patterns (meteorology).
◼ If the air is calm and pollutants cannot disperse, then the
concentration of these pollutants will build up.
◼ On the other hand, when strong, turbulent winds blow,
pollutants disperse quickly, resulting in lower pollutant
concentrations.
METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS
◼ Meteorological data helps:
• identify the source of pollutants
• predict air pollution events such as inversions and high-pollutant
concentration days
• simulate and predict air quality using computer models.
METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS
◼ When studying air quality, it is important to measure the following
factors as they can help us understand the chemical reactions that
occur in the atmosphere:
1. wind speed and direction
2. temperature
3. humidity
4. rainfall
5. solar radiation.
METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS
1. WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION
◼ When high pollutant
concentrations occur at a
monitoring station, wind data
records can determine the general
direction and area of the
emissions.
◼ Identifying the sources means
SONIC
planning to reduce the impacts on ANEMOMETER
air quality can take place.
◼ A sonic anemometer operates on
the principle that the speed of
wind affects the time it takes for
sound to travel from one point to
another.
◼ Sound travelling with the wind will
take less time than sound [Link]
travelling into the wind.
◼ By measuring sound wave speeds
in 2 different directions at the
same time, sonic
anemometers can
measure both wind
speed and direction.
METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS
◼ Measuring temperature supports air quality assessment, air
2. TEMPERATURE quality modelling and forecasting activities.
◼ Temperature and sunlight (solar radiation) play an important
role in the chemical reactions that occur in the atmosphere
to form photochemical smog from other pollutants.
◼ Favourable conditions can lead to increased concentrations
of smog.
◼ The most common way of measuring temperature is to use a
material with a resistance that changes with temperature,
such as platinum wire. A sensor measures this change and
converts it into a temperature reading.
METEOROLOGICAL FACTORSv
3. HUMIDITY
◼ As water molecules are small and highly
polar, they can bind strongly to many
substances.
◼ If attached to particles suspended in the air
they can significantly increase the amount
of light scattered by the particles.
◼ If the water molecules attach to corrosive
gases, such as sulfur dioxide, the gas will
dissolve in the water and form an acid
solution that can damage health and
property.
METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS
5. RAINFALL
◼ Rain has a 'scavenging' effect when it washes
particulate matter out of the atmosphere and
dissolves gaseous pollutants.
◼ Removing particles improves visibility. Where there is
frequent high rainfall, air quality is generally better.
◼ If the rain dissolves gaseous pollutants, such as sulfur
dioxide, it can form acid rain resulting in potential
damage to materials or vegetation.
◼ A common method to measure rainfall is to use a
tipping bucket rain gauge
TIPPING BUCKET RAIN GAUGE
[Link]
METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS
◼ the intensity of sunlight has an
6. SOLAR RADIATION
important influence on the rate of
the chemical reactions that produce
the smog.
◼ The cloudiness of the sky, time of day
and geographic location all affect
sunlight intensity.
◼ An instrument called a pyranometer
measures solar radiation from the
output of a type of silicon cell sensor.
PYRANOMETER
[Link]
TO REDUCE AIR POLLUTION
-END-
ADDITIONAL
READINGS:
◼ [Link]
ADDITIONAL
READINGS:
◼ [Link]
s41598-021-03193-z
ADDITIONAL
READINGS:
◼ [Link]
pmc/articles/PMC7697832/
ADDITIONAL
READINGS:
◼ [Link]
cles/s41598-020-71338-7
PREPARE FOR A SHORT QUIZ
ABOUT THE ADDITIONAL
READINGS NEXT MEETING
1. Consumption of Energy
2. Afforestation and Reforestation
EXERCISE NO. 2
3. Ban on hazardous compounds
-DEFINE/EXPLAIN THE 4. Flue gas Desulphurization:
FOLLOWING MEASURES TO 5. Flue gas Denitrification:
REDUCE AIR POLLUTION. 6. End – of- pipe –add – on pollution
control mechanism
-PREPARE A PPT SLIDE AND 1. Absorption
BE READY TO PRESENT IT TO 2. Adsorption:
CLASS. 3. Condensation
4. Incineration:
1. Direct combustion
2. Catalytic incinerator:
