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TECHNOLOGY and LIVELIHOOD

EDUCATION

BREAD and PASTRY PRODUCTION

Practicing and Maintaining Occupational
Health & Safety Procedures
MODULE 6

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 What I Need to Know

Hazards and risks react with each other. A hazard is an agent which has
the possibility to cause harm or danger to a vulnerable target. It can be both
natural and human cause. Likewise, risk is the chance that a person will be
harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard which
may lead to injury or loss of life when taken for granted.
In this lesson, the concepts on identifying critically hazards and risks will
be thoroughly demonstrated and prior knowledge will basically contribute much
and the techniques, skills in doing activities as such. Extra care and positive
values are needed as we undergo or perform things.
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. identify hazards and risks in the workplace;

2. familiarize occupational health & safety signs and symbols;

3. recognize the relevance of operational health and safety procedure,

practices, and regulation; and
4. create a poster showing the emergency related drills and training.

What I Know

Before exploring this module, let us see what you already know about
Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures with Hazards and Risks
in the workplace.

Directions: A. Read and complete the sentences below. Choose the correct
answer from the given choices.
B. Write the letter of the correct answer in your TLE Bread and
Pastry Production activity notebook.
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1. ____________ can cause harm.
A. Risks C. Injury
B. Hazards D. Equipment

2. Which of the following is NOT a personal hygiene practice?

A. Keeping your hands clean C. Using of PPE when working
B. Wearing of clean clothes D. Preparing foods with jewelries

3. ____________ hazard refers to the improper work techniques and

improperly designed working areas, tools, and equipment.
A. Safety C. Ergonomic
B. Physical D. Biological

4. Some accidents in the kitchen can be avoided by

A. giving first aid. C. calling a doctor.
B. concentrating on your work. D. bringing to the nearest hospital.

5. ____________ color indicates the emergency exit location, first aid and
other safety equipment.
A. Red C. Yellow
B. Blue D. Green

6. The following are the first aid rules in aiding burns EXCEPT,
A. call a physician. C. do not put grease.
B. stop severe bleeding. D. cool the burn with cool water.

7. ____________ hazard is caused by organisms such as viruses,

bacteria, fungi and parasites.
A. Safety C. Biological
B. Physical D. Ergonomic

8. A good housekeeping practice will result to

A. keep the area clean. C. eliminate the waste.

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 B. exterminate rodents. D. use gloves at work.

9. ____________ is the damage or harm of the structure or function of the

body caused by an outside force, which may be physical or chemical.
A. Injury C. Safety
B. Risk D. Handwashing

10. Fire drills can be helpful in saving lives in the event of______.
A. actual fire C. actual earthquake
B. actual calamity D. actual accident

11.____________ hazard is an awkward posture resulting from improper

work methods.
A. Safety C. Ergonomic
B. Physical D. Psychological

12. It is an immediate care given to a person who has been injured.

A. Care B. Nurse C. First aid D. Care and Nurse

13.The following are adverse health effects, except ____________.

A. Mortality rate C. Effects on children
B. Bodily injury D. Change in body functions

14. The following are the types of workplace hazards, except

____________.
A. physical C. ergonomic
B. social D. occupational health and safety

15.The decrease in life span is an example of _____________.

A. adverse health effects
B. psychological hazards
C. occupational health and safety
D. signs and symbols in the workplace

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 What’s In

Activity: Open-Ended Statement

Directions: A. Answer the questions below to the best of your capacity.

B. Write the answer in your TLE Bread and Pastry Production

activity notebook.

1. Define safety awareness in your own words.

2. Why is it very important to be aware about our safety at the workplace?

What’s New

Activity: DESCRIBE ME!

Directions: A. Describe the situation shown on each picture below by

choosing the description that best describes the picture. Select the letter of
your answer from the given choices inside the box.
B. Write the letter of the correct answer in your TLE Bread and
Pastry Production activity notebook.

A. The floor is slippery.

B. Tools are not properly kept.
C. The foods are not covered on the table.
D. The man is not careful in handling the ingredient.

1. 2.

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3. 4.

What is it?

Types of Workplace Hazards

There are many sources of workplace hazards. Examples are electricity,
chemicals, equipment, noise, and even workers themselves. Anything that has
the ability to cause harm or damage to the health of a person in a particular
situation is considered hazard.
1. Safety Hazard
It has lacking and insufficient machine locks, unsafe workplace
situations, and unsafe work practices. Here are some examples:

slippery floor surface tripping on electrical wirings

2. Biological Hazard
It is caused by organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and
parasites. Here is an example:

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 mixed contaminated foods inside the
refrigerator

3. Chemical Hazard
These are solid, liquid, vapor or gaseous materials, dust or
fumes.
Here are some examples:

disinfectant and pest sprays bleach and dishwashing

chemical injected in a dressed chicken

4. Ergonomic Hazard
It is an anatomical, physiological, and psychological demands on
the worker, such as repetitive and strong movements, vibration, high
temperatures, and incorrect postures arising from improper work
techniques and improperly designed working areas and tools.

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Here are some examples:

wrong body posture in lifting improper handling of equipment

5. Physical Hazard
It has something to do with noise, vibration, energy, weather,
electricity, radiation and pressure. Here are some examples:

wet floor too much pressure in the blender

6. Psychological hazards. Those that are mainly causing stress to a

worker. This kind of hazard extremely bothers an individual which
affects his health or well-being. Here are some examples:

unhealthy relationship with co-workers pressure from work

Examples of Hazard in the Workplace

Hazard in the workplace Specific example Harm caused to people

1. Object or thing Paring knife Cut/wound
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 2. Source of energy Electricity Electrical shock
3. Condition Wet floor Slips or falls
4. Substance Benzene (widely used Leukemia
industrial chemical)

The following are factors that influence the level of risk:

1. exposure to any hazardous situation
2. exposure to pollution
3. serious effects on the state of exposure

Examples of Safety Measures or Actions in Given Situations

Hazards Risks Safety
Measures/Actions
1. Manual handling of ●Back injury ●Remind and teach
hand tool such as ●Repetitive strain workers the correct
knives, mortar carrying and lifting
and pestle, process.
electric mixer
2. Incorrect way of ●Back injury ●Remind and teach
carrying and ●Repetitive strain workers the correct way
lifting heavy of lifting process.
things
3. Repetitive ●Back or limb injury ●Remind and teach
movements, ●Repetitive strain workers the proper
bending and working positions.
awkward working
positions
4. Trip hazards ●Injury ●Let workers know and
take away trip hazards
before starting to work.
Occupational Health and Safety or OHS is an interdisciplinary area
pertaining to protecting the safety, health and well-being of people undertaking
the work. The goal of all occupational health and safety programs is to promote
a safe workplace.
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Signs or symbols of OHS in the workplace:

A B

C D

E F

G H

Safety signs are used to identify, warn, and help workers to avoid
accidents in the workplace or on the road.
Safety signs consist of words, messages and pictorial symbols with
various shapes, sizes and colors.

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 Sign colors definition:

Red color. It states immediate hazardous situations that may result to

death or other serious injuries like Danger signs and Fire symbols.
Orange Color. It represents a possibly unsafe condition that can cause
serious injury and is indicated by Warning signs.
Yellow color. It is used to alert on unsafe practices, which if can’t be
avoided, may result in minor or moderate injuries like Caution Signs.
Green color. It indicates the emergency exit location, first aid and other
safety equipment.
Blue color. It is used to give safety information.

The main focus in occupational health is on the three

different objectives:
1. maintain and promote workers’ health and working capacity;
2. improve working environment and work; and
3. develop work organizations and working cultures in a direction which
support health and safety at work.
Safety procedures, practices in the workplace contribute to:
1. low rates of accident;
2. good employee morale;
3. employee satisfaction;
4. decrease of insurance and operating cost; and
5. lessen the losses among employees due to disabling accidents.
Some health and safety procedures and practices:
A. Personal hygiene practices
1. Always keep your hands clean.
2. Cut your nails short.
3. Wear comfortable clean clothes.
4. Use PPE when working.
5. Remove all your jewelries.
6. Use gloves with clean hands.

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B. Good housekeeping practices
1. Keep the area clean.
2. Eliminate the possible breeding of flies.
3. Exterminate rodents, keep foods that likely eaten by rats with rodent-
proof container.
C. Observance of safety precautions
1. It helps in promoting work efficiency.
2. It avoid accidents.

Occupational Health & Safety (OHS) responsibilities for the

workers to guarantee personal safety

1. First Aid
If there are 25 or more workers in the workplace, it requires to have a
trained first aid personnel, with the first aid kit, register of injuries logbook and
notice for whom to be call in the workplace for necessary first aid.
First aid room is a requirement for 200 employees in a
workplace.
First Aid Rules
1. Burns
• Cool the burn with cold water.
• Do not put grease or oil on burn areas.
• Call a physician.
2. Falls
• Cover wounds with sterile dressing.
• Keep the person comfortable and warm.
• If the bone is broken do not move the person.
• Call a physician.
3. Poisoning
• Use antidote recommended in the label of the container of poison
material.
• Call the nearest physician.
• Do not try to neutralize the poison by giving raw eggs.

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 • Never attempt to induce vomiting.

2. Ergonomics
This may sometime overlook. A workstation must have a correct
ergonomics, workplace conditions that pose the risk of injury to the worker’s
musculoskeletal system. Musculoskeletal injuries, also referred to as repetitive
strain injury, such like alignment of the computer screen, keyboard and chair in
a straight line, the height of the screen and others.

3. Fire Control
The sources of ignition and flammable must be separated to avoid
possible fires. Fire equipment must be available and passable with trained
employees on how to use it.

4. Emergency Evacuation
Must have a documented evacuation procedure, which
has been communicated to all workers, and has been practiced as an
evacuation drill at least once a year.

5. Electrical Hazards
All electrical cables should be periodically inspected for safety and
replace if damaged.
6. Chemical Safety
All containers must be well labelled with product name and any hazards
associated with it. Must confirmed with the OSH regulation 2011.
7. Housekeeping
Untidy offices create hazardous environment, better management of
work area in the workplace or office.
8. Temperature
Have a comfortable temperature towards the workers and the
recommended range is 22-26 people’s degree from the workplace. Always
check that the air conditioning reaches all areas in the office.

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 9. Manual handling
Observe proper manual handling procedures to avoid injury in lifting any
materials at the workplace.

What’s More

Activity: SAFETY FIRST!

Directions: A. Read the items below. Determine the type of hazard that
each item is referring of. Choose the correct answer from
the given choices.

B. Write the letter of the correct answers in your TLE Bread

and Pastry Production activity notebook.

A. Safety hazards D. Ergonomic hazards

B. Biological hazards E. Physical hazards
C. Chemical hazards F. Psychological hazards

_______ 1. Causing stress to a worker

_______ 2. Unsafe work practices/conditions
_______ 3. Noise, vibration, energy, weather, electricity, radiation and
pressure.
_______ 4. Solid, liquid, vapor or gaseous materials, dust, fume or mist
_______ 5. Caused by organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and
parasites
_______ 6. Incorrect postures arising from improper work techniques

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: A. Identify the word being defined in each statement. Choose the
correct answer from the given choices inside the box.
B. Write the correct answers in your TLE Bread and Pastry
Production activity notebook.

Hazard Injury
Workplace Fetotoxic

_______________ 1. A place where people work.

_______________ 2. The damage or harm of the structure or
function of the body caused by an outside force, which may be physical or
chemical.
_______________ 3. Something that can cause harm.
_______________ 4. Poisonous effect to the fetus.

Directions: Describe the images below by choosing the correct description

from the box.

signs and symbols storing techniques

hazards and risks workplace area

1. 2. 3. 4.

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 What I Can Do

Activity: What’s the Rule?

Directions: A. On page 14, read and analyze the given situations. Then,
identify the proper sign or symbol in Occupational Health and Safety procedure
to be used in each given situation. Choose your answers inside the box.
B. Write the letter of your answer in your TLE Bread and
Pastry Production activity notebook.

A B

C D

E F

G H

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Situations:
1. A certain room in your house is wet. In order to prevent others from the harm
it may cause to them, what proper sign or symbol you are going to put on the
wet area?

2. You placed medicines inside the cabinet. To let people know that all
medicines were inside the cabinet, what particular sign or symbol will be used
to label the cabinet?

3. In an establishment, a specific room is intended for hazardous equipment.

To warn people from getting inside that room, what sign or symbol to be placed
in front of the door?

4. There are flammable equipment inside your kitchen. As a safety precaution,

what specific sign or symbol you are going to label on that flammable
equipment?

5. Inside your kitchen are containers of water use for washing purposes only.
To inform all members of the house and visitors about the specific use of those
water in containers, what sign or symbol is to be used?

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 Assessment

Now, that you are finished accomplishing the module, let us

check what you have learned.
Directions:
A. Identify what are being referred to by the questions or
statements below.
B. Write the letter of the correct answer in your TLE Bread
and Pastry Production activity notebook.

1. It states immediate hazardous situations that will cause death or other

serious injuries like Danger signs and Fire symbols.
A. Red color C. Yellow color
B. Blue color D. Green color

2. This has something to do with noise, vibration, energy, weather, electricity,

radiation and pressure.
A. Physical hazards C. Chemical hazards
B. Ergonomic hazards D. Biological hazards

3. The decrease in life span is an example of a ___________________.

A. adverse health effects
B. psychological effects
C. occupational health and safety
D. signs and symbols in the workplace

4. It is a damage or harm of the structure or function of the body caused by

an outside force, which may be physical or chemical.
A. Injury C. Safety
B. Risks D. Handwashing

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5. It is an improper work technique and improper design of working areas,
tools, and equipment.
A. Safety hazards C. Ergonomic hazards
B. Physical hazards D. Biological hazards

6. Which is not an adverse health effect?

A. mortality rate C. bodily injury
B. effects on children D. change in body functions

7. It is something that can cause harm.

A. Risks B. Hazards C. Equipment D. Injury
8. Those are hazards that basically cause stress to a worker.
A. Safety hazards C. Ergonomic hazards
B. Physical hazards D. Psychological hazards

9. It is the lacking and insufficient machine locks, unsafe workplace situations

and unsafe work practices.
A. Safety hazard C. Ergonomic hazard
B. Physical hazard D. Biological hazard

10. The following are examples of hazards EXCEPT,

A. knife C. food
B. wet floor D. electricity

11. It is caused by organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites.

A. Ergonomic hazards C. Biological hazards
B. Safety hazards D. Physical hazards

12. The following are the types of workplace hazards EXCEPT,

A. Physical C. Ergonomic
B. B. Social D. Chemical

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13. It indicates the emergency exit location, first aid
and other safety equipment.
A. Red color C. Yellow color
B. Blue color D. Green color

14. It is an awkward posture resulting from improper work methods.

A. Safety hazard C. Ergonomic hazard
B. Physical hazard D. Psychological hazard

15. It is the chance, high or low, that any hazard will actually cause harm to
someone.

A. Risk C. Injury
B. Hazard D. Equipment

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 Additional Activities

Activity: Cut or Draw It!

Directions:
Option A. Cut out five pictures of signs and symbols of hazards and
risks in any magazines and newspapers or printed materials. Then, paste
them in your TLE Bread and Pastry Production activity notebook.

Option B. If option A is not possible, draw five pictures of signs and

symbols of hazards and risks in your TLE Bread and Pastry Production activity
notebook.

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 21
What’s New
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. A
What’s In
Answers may vary
What I Have Learned
Activity A
What I Know 1. Workplace What I Know
1. A 2. Injury 1. B
2. A 3. Hazard 2. D
3. B 4. Fetotoxic 3. C
4. A 4. B
5. C Activity B 5. D
6. A 1-4 Signs and Symbols 6. B
7. B 7. C
8. D 8. D
9. A 9. A
10. C 10. A
What’s More What I Can Do 11. C
11. C 1. F 1. A 12. C
12. B 2. A 2. C 13. A
13. D 3. E 3. G 14. D
14. C 4. C 4. H 15. B
15. A 5. B 5. E
6. D
Answer Key