BCM2043-Multimedia
Technology &
Applications
Chapter 6 - FUNDAMENTAL OF
MULTIMEDIA
MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS :
ANIMATIONS
Expected Outcomes
• At the end of this lesson you will
understand:
– Understand the characteristics
and format of animation
– Type of animation
– The usage of animation
What is Animation?
• 50 years ago Walt Disney created
animated objects such as Mickey Mouse.
• Today the process used to create
animated objects has had to change with
the use of computer
• In fact, it continues to change becomes
more advanced and easy to use.
Animation
• The word “animation” is a form of “animate,”
which means to bring to life.
• Thus when a multimedia developer wants to
bring an image to life, animation is used.
• What do you think? A spinning globe is it better
to film the motion on video, or is animation a
better solution?
The Power of Motion
• Visual effects such as wipes, fades, zooms,
and dissolves are available in most authoring
packages.
• But animation is more than wipes, fades,
zooms, and dissolves.
• Until Quick Time and AVI motion video became
more common place animations were the
primary source of dynamic action in multimedia.
Animation
Adds visual impact to
.
your multimedia
projects and Web pages
Many multimedia
applications provide
animation tools,
[Link]
Animation
• First you should understand the
principles of how the eye interprets the
changes is sees as motion.
Principles of Animation
• Animation is possible because of a a
biological phenomenon known as
persistence of vision
• The psychological phenomenon called
phi.
• An object seen by the human eye remains
chemically mapped on the eye’s retina for
a brief time after viewing.
Principles of Animation
• Combined with the human mind’s need to
conceptually complete a perceived action.
• This makes it possible for a series of
images that are changed very slightly and
very rapidly, one after the other, seem like
continuous motion .
Phi Phenomenon
Computing 10
Persistence of Vision
Computing 11
Animation
• Animation adds visual impact.
Persistence of vision allows a series of
separate images to blend together into a
visual illusion of movement.
Uses of Animation
• Illustrate a process or movement
• Provide Humor
• Help make a point to get attention
Kinematics
• Kinematics is the study of the movement
and motion of structures that have joints,
such as a walking man.
• Software: Fractal Design’s Poser
Animation and Frame Rates
• TV video builds 30 entire frames or pictures
every second.
• Movies are shot at a shutter rate of 24 frames
per second, but using projections tricks the
flicker is increased to 48.
• On some projectors each frame is shown 3
times before the next frame, for a total of 72
flickers per second which helps eliminate the
flicker effect.
• Cel Animation – plays at 24 frames per second.
Animation and Frame Rates
• Frame per second
• The movement shows the
dancing
Source:[Link]
Animation Techniques
• Computers have taken a great deal of
handwork out of the animation and
rendering process.
• Commercial films such as Jurassic Park,
Beauty and the Beast, Toy Story, and
Shrek have utilized the power of the
computers.
Computer Animation
• Typically employs the same logic and procedural
concepts as cel animation
• You can usually set your own frame rate
• At 15 frames a second the animation may
appear jerky and slow
• 2-D animation can be an acceptable alternative
to the expense of creating video
2-D Animation
• Two types:
–Cel animation
–Path animation
Cel Animation
• Cel stands for celluloid which is a clear sheet with
images drawn on them.
• A traditional form of animation used in the production of
cartoons or animated movies where each frame of the
scene is drawn by hand.
• The background remain fixed as the images changes.
• A full-length feature film produced using cel animation
would often require a million or more drawings to
complete.
• Made famous by Disney
• 24 frames per second therefore a minute may require as
many as 1,440 separate frames.
Computing 20
Example
Source: [Link]
Cel Animation
Computing 22
Path Animation
• Moves an object along a predetermined path on the
screen
• The path can be a straight line or have a number of
curves.
• Starts with keyframes (the first and last frame of an
action).
• The series of frames in between the keyframes are
drawn in a process called tweening.
• Tweening requires calculating the number of frames
between keyframes and the path the action takes, and
then actually takes, and then sketches a series of
progressively different outlines.
Example
Source: [Link]
Tweening
Source: [Link]
3-D Animation
• 3-D Animation involves three steps: modeling, animation, and
rendering
– Modeling – the process of creating objects and scenes
– Animation – the process of defining the object’s
motion
– Rendering – the final step in creating 3-D animation.
• Morphing is the process of blending two images into a
series of images
• Warping allows you to distort a single image
• Virtual reality (VR) creates an environment that surrounds
the user so that they become part of the experience.
Source: [Link]
Morphing
• Where one image transforms into another
• Software: Avid’s Elastic Reality, Black
Belt’s WinImages, Gryphon Software’s
Morph, Human Software’s Squizz,
MorphWizard, Unlead’s MorhStudio
Morphing
Source: [Link]
Animation File Formats
• Sofware File Format
• Director: .dir & .dcr
• Animator Pro: .fli
• Studio Max: .max
• SuperCard and Director: .pics
• Windows Audio Video Interleaved: avi
• Macintosh: .qt & .mov
• Motion Video: .mpeg
• CompuServe: .gif
• Flash: .swf
• Shockwave: .dcr
References
• Tay Vaughan. Multimedia: Making It Work, Ninth Edition. Mc Graw
Hill. 2014. ISBN-13: 978-0071832885.
• Zhe-Nian Li, Mark S. Drew.S & Jiangchuan Liu. Fundamentals of
Multimedia (Texts in Computer Science) 2nd ed. 2014 Edition.
Springer Publication. 2014. ISBN-13: 978-3319052892.
• Khalid Sayood. Introduction to Data Compression, Fourth Edition
(The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Multimedia Information and
Systems) 4th Edition. Elsevier. 2012 ISBN-13: 978-0124157965.
• Savage, T.M., Vogel, K.E. An Introduction to Digital Multimedia 2nd
ed.. 2013. Jones & Bartlett Learning ASIN: B00LZM6ESY.
• Parag Havaldar, Gerard Medioni. Multimedia Systems: Algorithms,
Standards, and Industry Practices (Advanced Topics) 1st Edition.
Cengage Learning. 2011. ISBN-13: 978-1418835941
Computing 31
Videos
• Persistence of Vision:
[Link]
• Phi Phenomenon: [Link]
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Computing 32
THANKS BE TO GOD!
Computing
